JP2002531731A - Wooden truss structure system for frames, bridges, floors, etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] The present invention relates to a wooden truss structure. Each beam 1, 2, 3, 4, M is composed of at least three basic plates 10, 11, 12 nailed together. The centrally located plate 10 is offset with respect to the plates 11, 12 on both sides, thereby forming a tenon and / or tenon for inserting a panel-shaped reinforcement 15 at the joint forming the node. The reinforcing member is located at the core portion, and the shear surface thereof corresponds to the side surface at each contact. This panel is composed of wooden structural members such as strips or plywood as solid webs in plate form.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Wood is a very widely used material for structures. With wood, it is possible to create a whole series of load bearing mechanisms that have specific structural characteristics and can withstand loads of all levels and forms.

Various wooden load bearing mechanisms include columns and beams, truss mechanisms, connection systems, framing frames, beam latticework, members acting as shelves or plates, and the like.

[0003] Of all these structural systems, truss systems are the most common. This is because the truss system can be configured very simply and can support very large loads. The truss system is the core of the roof truss system used in Europe,
It has been shown to have developed since the centuries and is still in use today.

[0004] Wooden truss systems can be broadly classified into two families, as schematically illustrated in the accompanying FIGS.

A first system is a “parallel member system (see FIG. 1 to FIG. 3).
system with parallel members), for example, used for bridges or horizontal floor systems. Such a system is constituted by:-an upper member, a girder 1-a lower member, a girder 2-a column 3 and an upright M-a diagonal 4.

The assembly is configured to be supported on at least two supports 5. Support may be added to the interior of the system to reduce internal forces, but it is not always possible to do so.

The “Triangular” system shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 is used to construct a roof skeleton and allows for the fixing of the roof.

The components used to construct such a system consist of one or two main rafters 6, ties 7, diagonals 8, and optionally one or more uprights 9. Is done. Such an assembly is mounted on supports 5 provided at both ends of the connecting member 7.

The present invention belongs to the technical field as described above, and more specifically, in both the parallel member system and the triangular system, the manufacturing cost can be reduced while having good structural characteristics, and It relates to the realization of a new type of support system that can be easily adapted to the individual properties (allowable loads, system dimensions, etc.) required for a particular object.

[0010]

Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention

The main issues in building parallel member and triangular systems are:
A maximum flow of forces that generate maximum tensile and compressive forces on a plurality of bars connected to a first node by various members concentrating on the support and transmitting forces to the support ( the maximum flow of force).

Conventionally, in the case of the first node, that is, the frame, the connecting member 7, the main rafter 6,
The connecting portion of the diagonal member 8 is made of a single piece of wood or a laminated wood, depending on the requirements for the cross section. This node is configured using a metal fixture if the system has high inertia. Alternatively, in the case of a floor system with low inertia or the like, it is constituted simply by bonding.

Many proposals have been made for the construction of the nodes carrying the wooden truss system, both for systems with parallel members and for triangular systems.

In these solutions, US Pat. No. 4,891,927 proposes, as a feature, to reinforce the joints of the truss with metal internal joining members. This joining member has a plurality of nails or pins driven into a member composed of two layers. However, such a solution is very costly. This is because it is necessary to perform the work of strongly fixing the nodes at a factory or the like. This eliminates the possibility of manually assembling such truss nodes on site in a manner that is easily adapted to the structure to be constructed. Furthermore, this proposal is not entirely satisfactory because the force on the nodes depends on the cross-sectional area of the tree.

[0014] DE 3 910 027 describes a solution by means of a truss assembly system with a double girder and a plurality of diagonals consisting of a plate 5 or a composite beam located on the web. Has been proposed. However, this solution cannot reinforce the heaviest loaded nodes.

In other documents, as is apparent from US Pat. No. US-A-2 886 857, in order to reduce the cost of manufacturing truss systems, beams are used to make large cross-section timbers when making such systems. Or, it is proposed to construct the structure not from bonded wood (which is expensive) but from a small section of wood, i.e. a more economical piece of wood with a large cross section by nailing them together. Have been.

[0016] Such a structure using a nailed plate material can reduce the cost, and
A large cross section can be formed without problems such as deformation and cracking when using a single piece of wood.

If a thin plate material, for example, a plate material having a thickness of 30 to 50 mm is used, it can be artificially dried under the same conditions as in the past.

In addition, the wood is nailed together in the dry state, so that no deformation of the already assembled parts takes place.

However, the solution described in the above-mentioned patent specification has some disadvantages as far as the reinforcement of the nodes is concerned, and there are also two types known as “systems with parallel members” and “triangular systems”. Cannot be similarly applied to wooden truss set systems.

First, this solution has in the middle layer a plate nailed between two plates of the other member. This nailing tends to separate the central plate material because the edges parallel to the load carrying fibers are too short. Therefore,
This central web of plates will exhibit poor properties at this point in the assembly.

Next, since the plate material is continuous in the central web, inertia can be generated by separating the outer members, but this web made of the plate material is continuous in the transverse direction. Otherwise, it cannot support bending moments or local shear forces caused by two internal beams (eg, a diagonal member subjected to compression and an upright member subjected to tension). Therefore, the nodes cannot be reinforced against bending and local shear, which are important structural components in the node system.

Finally, the central web is rigid only in one axial direction, ie in the longitudinal direction, so that it is provided to completely fill the space between the outer members. This web therefore has a large area between the outer members and cannot provide local reinforcement to fit one connection node. In addition, in terms of its ability (weakness to nailing) and material saving (local area and uninterrupted area), the nodes cannot be optimized.

[0023]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The present inventor has found that it is possible to construct a structural system having parallel members or a triangular structural system of the type shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, which is the gist of the present invention. . In this structural system, various components, namely stringers,
Diagonal materials, struts, ties, uprights, main rafters (these are referred to as "beams (
beam) ") in one way, making it possible to reinforce the nodes joining these members together. Each beam is composed of plate members nailed together to form a larger cross section.

In general, in a wooden structural system according to the invention, the various beams are made by nailing at least three base plates together on site, constituting each of said beams. The three basic plate members have the same thickness, and the plate members (10, 15) and (21) located at the center of the plate members are the side plate members (1).
By offsetting with respect to the ends of (1, 12, 14), (22, 23), a tenon (16) and / or tenon (13, 24) is formed in this part, and these tenon and / or tenon The mortise makes it possible to provide reinforcements (15), (17), (20) in the form of "panels" in the joining area located on the web and forming the nodes, and said reinforcements The shear surface of corresponds to the side surface at each contact point,
Furthermore, the reinforcement in panel form consists of wooden members in "thin strip" or "layer" form which can act like a single rib in "plate" form and increase the rigidity of the support area. In addition, the centrally located plates (10, 15), (21) are composed of continuous or basic plates arranged with their ends abutting or spaced apart from one another, whereby a "panel" form is obtained. A mortise that can receive the reinforcement,
Alternatively, in the case of nodes that do not require a stiffener, a simple tenon is formed by the central plate of the beam associated with the system.

According to such a solution, the panels joined at the joints (nodes) can complement the nailing area and withstand greater forces. Furthermore, according to the solution of the present invention, the bending moment of the joint can be reduced. This is because the stiffener itself absorbs bending, given that the "plate" type stiffener has a very high stiffness in order to work in both directions of the surface. Such a reinforcement relieves the shear forces of the internal beam, for example, the shear forces between the diagonal members subjected to compression and the beams subjected to tension at the nodes, and the corresponding mechanical stresses in the external beams. This makes it possible to support them. This reinforcement has more or less isotropy depending on the force to be supported.

As already mentioned, in contrast to a normal stiffener exposed outside the system, the beams constituting the system according to the invention consist of at least three layers, the stiffener comprising:
It is located in the middle layer and exposes the nail that has penetrated the reinforcement up to two shear members.

According to a particular embodiment which will become apparent in the following description, particularly in the case of a system consisting of parallel members, the two struts at the end are also composed of three layers nailed together. . The central layer is not made of plate material but is made of a thin strip-type wooden member, and protrudes from the ends of the two side plate materials toward the inside of the structure to form a tenon. The tenon is received in a mortise formed in another beam of the system.

In addition to a beam with three basic layers, a beam with a five-layer structure or more layers is also conceivable. In that case, it is possible to provide only one reinforcing member at the center position, or to provide two reinforcing members at the second layer and the fourth layer.

In other words, in such a case, the structural system according to the present invention may be configured such that the number of plate members constituting each layer is an odd number larger than three, for example, five, and the reinforcing member is provided at each contact point.
It is characterized in that it is provided in an even number of layers.

The reinforcing ribs or reinforcing plates are provided at least in the support area where the applied force is the greatest. Optionally, if the internal forces of the uprights and diagonals are smaller, the truss assembly system assembly can be constructed in a conventional manner using a simple "mortise / mortise" type assembly.
In this case, the tenon is formed by offsetting a central plate outward, and the mortise is formed by a space between two plates sandwiching the central plate.

However, in order to be able to directly absorb the shear forces between the diagonals subjected to compression and the struts subjected to tension (or vice versa), these plates are fixed at this point by fixing them at this point. It is also advantageous to reinforce the area.

At the joint, the other beam (tie, main rafter, upright, or diagonal) is attached by nailing along the entire circumference of the reinforcement or rib. This is the most economical solution and is semi-rigid, with the advantage that after the end connection has been deformed the entire plate is stressed.

[0033]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention and its advantages are more clearly understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In order to construct these structures, the plate material constituting each beam material has a width of about 10 to 3
It is a solid plate having a cross section of 0 cm and a thickness of 3 to 8 cm. If the structure is likely to be large, each plate may have a larger cross-sectional area. The length of the plate is changed depending on the system to be configured, for example, 4 to 8 m. The present invention will be understood in more detail by the following examples.

<Embodiment of System with Parallel Member> FIG. 1 shows a system having a parallel member. In order to construct the system shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 according to the present invention, all the beams constituting the system, namely the stringers or members 1 and 2, the struts 3, the diagonal members 4, and The intermediate upright M has the following structure.

With respect to the above-mentioned horizontal members, ie, the longitudinal members 1 and 2, the diagonal members 4, and the uprights M (the uprights are not shown in FIG. 8), each beam is composed of three basic plate members 10, 1
It consists of 1,12. The intermediate plate 10 is offset with respect to the side plates 11 and 12 on both sides, and in this embodiment, the offset is set to about 50 cm, thereby forming a mortise 13 at both ends. Recess is formed.

The diagonal member 4 is similarly configured from three plate members, and has a tenon at each end. The upright M is similarly configured.

In this part, the column 3 has two outer plates 14, between which a third plate 15 is inserted over its entire length. This third plate 15 is intended to form a panel-type reinforcement located on the web and is formed by a thin strip-type structural panel 4 cm thick. The outer plate 14 is also 4 cm thick.

Both ends of the panel 15 protrude from the side plate members 14, 15 to form a tenon having a height of 20 cm. The dimensions of the plates 10, 11, 1 constituting the stringers are as follows.
This corresponds to a width of 2. The length of the tenon is 50 cm, and this dimension corresponds to the length of the tenon 13 provided at both ends of each beam constituting the vertical member. Each member is nailed.

In the example shown, the stiffening plate 15 extends over the entire surface of the system at each end in the region of the support 5, but this stiffening plate is connected to the end of the side plate. It is also possible to provide only at each end set back from (in that case, the center of the support 3 is made of an additional plate material).

With respect to the nodes 17 formed in the diagonal, upright, and internal joining regions of the stringers, these joints are also formed by inserting additional plates at the joints. Accordingly, each member has a mortise in the joint area for receiving a reinforcing member.

Optionally, the assembly can be constructed without the use of stiffening members. In that case, the ends of the uprights M and the diagonal 4 have the shape of a tenon consisting of an outwardly offset central plate. On the other hand, the plate materials 1 and 2 have mortises along the longitudinal direction. The mortise is obtained by separating the inner plate 10 by a length corresponding to the tenon at the end using the basic plate.

<Embodiment of Skeleton> An embodiment of the skeleton according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. These drawings correspond to FIG. 4 showing the overall configuration. It is understood that structures of the type shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be similarly configured.

This structure is also made of a plate having a cross section of 20 cm × 4 cm. In this embodiment, a reinforcing panel is provided in all areas where the main rafter 6, the connecting member 7, the diagonal member 8, and the upright member 9 are joined, or in all areas. All reinforcement panels are designated by the reference numeral 20.

As already exemplified, all beams constituting this system consist of three elemental beams 21, 22, 23 which are nailed. At the ends, the central plate 21 is set back from the ends of the side plates on both sides, and a mortise 24 capable of receiving the reinforcing member is formed at this position.

At the joint portion between the end of the connecting member 7 and the short portion of the main rafter 6, the reinforcing insertion member 20 has a triangular shape.
00 mm and a height of 400 mm.

At the nodes formed by the diagonal members 8, the upright members 9, and the connecting members 7, mortises are provided at respective ends of the diagonal members 8 and the upright members 9. These mortises are formed by offsetting the inner layer with respect to the short part of the side plate, and the mortise of the bonding material 7 in this part is formed by separating the center plate from the base plate. ing.

As already explained, the various components are nailed together and joined by a nodal stiffening member 20 joined using panels of 4 cm thick thin strip-type structural timber. .

Such a trussed structure has many advantages over conventional structures. -It can be constructed on site.-A large cross section can be made extremely economically.-As a material (panel), necessary nailing is possible, and a local bending moment. What is necessary is just to be able to support the shear of the internal beam material reaching the node, for example, the shear generated by the diagonal member subjected to compression and the strut subjected to tension (or vice versa).

Further, by forming such a structure using a plate material in which various beams constituting the system are nailed, a tenon and a tenon are obtained by simply offsetting one layer with respect to another layer. Holes can be formed.

In addition, the area of the nailing area that reinforces this structure can be increased by reinforcing panels located on the web of each beam. Such joined panels also adjust the bending moment at the joints of the stringers in the case of systems consisting of parallel members and triangular systems. This is because the reinforcement itself absorbs the bending. That is, the reinforcing member mechanically relaxes the stress generated in the outer beam material and absorbs the shear between the inner beam materials reaching the node.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes any modifications constituted by the same spirit within the scope thereof and FIGS. 2, 3, 5,
6 also realizes the structure schematically illustrated in FIG.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel member system configured according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel member system configured according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a system composed of parallel members, constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a triangular system configured according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a triangle system configured according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a triangular system configured according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic elevational view of a system having parallel members constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of the annular portion of the system shown in FIG. 7, showing how the nodes of the assembly are assembled at the support site.

FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a skeleton assembled according to the present invention using various members nailed together.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view showing an assembled state of a node in an end support region and a node of a center upright provided with a skeleton connecting member and a diagonal member.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2 stringers (beam members) 3 columns (beam members) 4, 8 diagonal members (beam members) 5 supports 6 main rafters (beam members) 7 tie members (beam members) 9, M upright members (beam members) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Intermediate plate material (plate material) 11, 12 Side plate material (plate material) 13, 24 Mortise hole 14 Outer plate material (plate material) 15 Reinforcement body (plate material) () 16 Mortice 17, 20 Reinforcement body 21 Central plate material (plate material) 22, 23 Board

[Procedural Amendment] Submission of translation of Article 34 Amendment

[Submission date] February 5, 2001 (2001.2.5)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

3. The structural system according to claim 1 , wherein the number of plate members constituting each beam member is an odd number larger than three, for example, five, and the reinforcing member is located at an even layer at each contact point. A structural system characterized by:

4. The claims 1 to 3 structural system according to one of the central plate of the reinforcing plate, the beam material constituting the strut (3) of the truss assembly structure comprising parallel members (15) A structural system characterized by comprising a structural wooden panel.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0052

[Correction method] Deleted

Claims (3)

[Claims] At least three basic plates (10, 11, 12) nailed together.
, 14, 15), (21, 22, 23), beam members (1, 2, 3 ,; 4, M)
), A parallel member or triangular structural system for a trussed wooden structure for constructing a skeleton, a bridge, a floor composed of (6, 7, 8, 9). The three basic plate members constituting the beam member have the same thickness, and the plate members (10, 15) and (21) positioned at the center of the plate members are the side plate members (1).
By offsetting with respect to the ends of (1, 12, 14), (22, 23), a tenon (16) and / or tenon (13, 24) is formed in this part, and these tenon and / or tenon The mortise makes it possible to provide reinforcements (15), (17), (20) in the form of "panels" in the joining area located on the web and forming the nodes, and said reinforcements The shear surface of corresponds to the side surface at each contact point,
Furthermore, the reinforcement in panel form consists of wooden members in "thin strip" or "layer" form which can act like a single rib in "plate" form and increase the rigidity of the support area. In addition, the centrally located plates (10, 15), (21) are composed of continuous or basic plates arranged with their ends abutting or spaced apart from one another, whereby a "panel" form is obtained. A mortise that can receive the reinforcement,
Alternatively, in the case of nodes that do not require reinforcement, a simple tenon is formed by the central plate of the beam associated with the system. 2. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the number of plate members constituting each layer is an odd number larger than three, for example, five, and the reinforcing member is located at an even layer at each contact. Construction system. 3. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing plate is a central plate member of a beam member constituting a column (3) of a truss assembly structure having parallel members.
5) A structural system comprising a structural wooden panel constituting item 5).