JP2002331402A - Turning machining method of plural places on same circumference - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize highly accurate machining by turning work in a position on the same circumference of a work by using a lathe without using a special chuck and a tool. SOLUTION: An eccentric chuck 4 is installed on a main spindle 1 of the lathe. A work chuck 8 is installed on a rotary tool shaft having a Y axis controllable turret 7 or an angle indexing means. The turning work is performed by gripping the work W by the eccentric chuck 4. Next, the work W is delivered to the work chuck 8 from the eccentric chuck 4. Next, the work chuck 8 is opposed to the work W by an XY movement of a toolpost by rotating the main spindle 1 by a prescribed angle or the work W is delivered to the eccentric chuck 4 from the work chuck 8 by rotating a rotary tool by a prescribed angle, and the next turning work is performed in a position on the main spindle axis of the work W.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for performing a turning process on an eccentric position of a work by using a lathe, and a method for processing a plurality of holes and a plurality of protrusions arranged on a circumference on a tool post of the lathe. The present invention relates to a method of turning with a mounted cutting tool.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, machining of a hole or a cylindrical shaft located at a position on a spindle axis of a work on a lathe is performed by turning using a cutting tool mounted on a tool rest of the lathe. On the other hand, drilling of a workpiece can be performed by mounting a drilling tool such as a drill or a boring head on a turret provided with a rotary tool driving device. According to this method, it is possible to easily process a plurality of holes on the same circumference by using a lathe provided with the spindle indexing means and the rotary tool driving device.

[0003] However, holes machined with drills and boring heads have lower machining accuracy than holes machined by turning. Further, with a rotary tool, a hole having a complicated axial cross section (for example, a stepped tapered hole) cannot be machined without using a dedicated tool. On the other hand, if machining is performed by turning to the center of the work, machining accuracy can be increased, and holes with complicated axial cross sections can be accurately machined by controlling the movement position of the tool post in the Z-axis and X-axis directions. Can be.

[0004] In order to realize hole machining by turning at equal-divided positions on the same circumference of a workpiece, an eccentric chuck provided with an index mechanism of chuck pawls by a cam has been provided. As shown in FIG. 6, the eccentric chuck can grip the work W on the axis 2 eccentric with respect to the spindle axis 3 of the lathe, and eccentrically moves the chuck jaws 44a by a cam mechanism built in the chuck. Rotation indexing can be performed by a predetermined angle around the axis 2 thus set. Therefore, if this type of chuck is used,
A hole can be formed by turning at equal intervals on the same circumference of the work.

On the other hand, it is possible to carry out work requiring various kinds of processing, such as turning, drilling, and plane processing, on the same machine base, thereby making it possible to transfer and load / unload the work between machines, and to increase the time and labor required for the work. In order to reduce the number of lathes, a turret tool post equipped with a rotary tool drive device can be moved and positioned in the Z, X and Y-axis directions, or a rotary tool with an automatic tool changer that can turn around the Y-axis with the turret tool post. 2 with a tool post equipped with a shaft
Lathes with different types of tool rests have been provided. In this type of lathe, it is possible to perform various types of processing including planar processing on a workpiece by moving the tool post in the Y-axis or mounting a milling tool on a rotary tool axis.

[0006]

The eccentric indexing chuck 44 provided with a chucking indexing mechanism has a special indexing mechanism built in, so that the chuck is expensive, and a cam-based machine is required. Because random indexing is not possible, it is impossible to perform random angle indexing and machining can only be performed at positions that divide the circumference equally. Even if machining on the same circumference, machining is performed at different intervals When performing, it is necessary to change the setup such as changing the chuck, and the chuck cylinder for opening and closing the chuck jaws mounted on the main spindle of the lathe has a special structure, so unless you use a lathe with a structure corresponding to it However, there is a problem that it cannot be used with a general lathe.

According to the present invention, a special chuck or tool is used by using a turret lathe having a tool rest capable of controlling the position in the Y-axis direction or a turret lathe having an angle indexing means for a rotary tool shaft. It is another object of the present invention to provide means for achieving high-precision machining by turning at a position on the same circumference of a work.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of turning at a plurality of locations on the same circumference, comprising: a rotation angle indexing means for a spindle 1; a Z-axis direction (a main axis direction); ) And a turret tool rest 6 capable of moving and positioning in the Y-axis direction (a direction orthogonal to the Z-axis and the X-axis). The work chuck 8 and the cutting tool 9 are mounted, the work W is gripped by the eccentric chuck 4, and the turning work is performed by the cutting tool 9 on the position of the main shaft axis of the work W. Then, the work W is moved from the eccentric chuck 4 to the work chuck 8. Then, the main spindle 1 is rotated by a predetermined angle, and the tool post 6 is moved in the X-axis and Y-axis directions so that the work chuck 8 is opposed to the gripping position of the eccentric chuck 4.
The next turning operation is performed at the position on the spindle axis of the work W.

Another method of the present invention for achieving the same object is a lathe having a tool post 32 having a rotary tool shaft 36 and a turret tool post 6, wherein the rotary tool shaft 36 has a Z axis.
The eccentric chuck 4 is mounted on the main shaft, and the work chuck 8 is mounted on the rotary tool shaft 36, using a lathe capable of determining the rotation angle around the Y axis in the X plane and having means for determining the rotation angle of the shaft itself. The work 9 is mounted on the turret tool post 6, and the work W is held on the eccentric chuck 4, and the turning work is performed on the work W at a position on the main axis of the work W by the eccentric chuck 4. The work W is delivered to the chuck 8, the rotary tool shaft 36 is rotated by a predetermined angle, the work W is delivered from the work chuck 8 to the eccentric chuck 4, and then the next turning is performed at a position on the spindle axis of the work W. It is.

[0010]

According to the method of the present invention, the radius of the circumference at the processing position arranged on the same circumference is equal to the distance e between the gripping center axis 2 of the eccentric chuck 4 and the spindle axis 3 of the lathe on which the chuck is mounted. Is determined by This is the same as the case where the eccentric indexing chuck 44 shown in FIG. 6 is used, but since a complicated indexing mechanism is not built in, the chuck pawl 4a is moved together with the chuck body 4b along a diametrical guide. By making it movable and fixable, it is also possible to change the diameter of the circumference of the processing location without replacing the eccentric chuck 4 (see FIG. 3).

In the method using the Y-axis movement of the tool rest, the interval on the circumference of the processing location is determined by the indexing angle of the spindle 1 on which the eccentric chuck 4 is mounted. Since the angle of the main shaft is numerically controlled by the NC device, an arbitrary angle can be randomly determined, and therefore, machining of a position at which the circumference is unequally divided can be easily realized. When the main shaft 1 is rotated by a desired angle in order to machine one location and then the next location, the gripping center axis 2 moves in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The tool post is set to X in order to make the work chuck 8 attached to
Move in the axis and Y axis directions.

In a method of performing machining using a lathe provided with a rotary tool shaft having a rotary indexing means, the machining arranged on the circumference by indexing operation of the rotary tool shaft after delivering the work to the work chuck. The space between the points is set. Therefore, by performing the indexing of the angle of the rotary tool shaft by the NC device, it is possible to perform turning at an arbitrary position on the same circumference. In this case, since the rotation of the main spindle remains fixed, it is unnecessary to move the tool rest in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction after the indexing of the rotary tool axis.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a main axis 1 of a lathe has a center axis 2 for gripping a workpiece with respect to a main axis 3.
An eccentric chuck 4 that is only eccentric is mounted. The work W is held by a chuck claw 4a arranged around the grip center axis 2, and the diameter of the work W is larger than twice the amount of eccentricity e. A work chuck 8 is mounted on one of the tool stations of a turret 7 mounted on a turret tool rest 6 of a lathe, and a drilling tool 9 is mounted on another tool station. The turret tool post 6 moves in the main axis direction (Z-axis direction), the cutting feed direction of the turret tool post 6 (X-axis direction), and the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis and the X-axis (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing). The position is controlled by the NC device 10. The rotation angle of the spindle 1 around the spindle axis 3 is controlled by the NC device 10.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of the work chuck 8 mounted on the turret 7. Work chuck 8
Has a chuck opening / closing cylinder 11, and its piston 12 is urged by a spring 13 in the advance direction. One end of a bell crank 17 rotatably supported by a case 16 is engaged with a circumferential groove 15 provided at the tip of the piston rod 14, and the other end is provided with a recess 1 provided behind a chuck claw 18.
Nine. When the pressurized fluid is supplied from the port 20, the piston 12 retreats, and the action of the bell crank 17 causes the chuck pawl 18 to move toward the gripping center shaft 2 to grip the work.

The tool rest 6 which supports the turret 7 includes:
A joint 21 for supplying a coolant (cutting fluid) is provided at a processing position of a blade mounted on the turret, and a supply hole 22 of the joint is open toward the back surface of the turret 7.
The supply hole 22 is provided with a valve body 24 urged in the opening direction by a spring 23. On the other hand, a coolant receiving port 25 facing the supply hole 22 is provided on the back surface of the inner part of each tool station of the turret 7, and this coolant receiving port communicates with a mounting surface 26 of a tool mounting station of the turret. I have. The port 20 of the cylinder of the work chuck is open on the surface to be attached to the turret, and when the work chuck 8 is attached to the turret 7, the port 20 is connected to the cutting fluid receiving port 2.
5, the work chuck 8 is indexed to the work side, and when the turret 7 is pulled toward the tool post 6 and locked,
It communicates with the coolant supply hole 22 of the tool post. Therefore, in this state, by supplying the cooling liquid to the cooling liquid supply hole 22 or supplying the compressed air, the chuck claw 1 of the work chuck is supplied.
8 is closed and the work is gripped.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the work machined by the method of the first embodiment as viewed from the direction of the main shaft axis. Hereinafter, FIG.
The method of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Work W whose first hole 30a is held by eccentric chuck 4
To a position on the spindle axis of After machining, the main spindle is stopped at the origin angle position, the turret 7 is turned, the work chuck 8 is indexed, and the work tool 8 is moved in the X-axis direction so that the work chuck 8 faces the work W at the eccentric position. , Close the work chuck 8 and move the eccentric chuck 4
Then, the workpiece W is transferred from the eccentric chuck 4 to the work chuck 8 by moving the tool rest in the Z-axis direction.

Next, the main shaft 1 is rotated by an angle θ necessary for the next hole machining.
Is rotated (see FIG. 3B). By this rotation, the gripping center axis 2 of the eccentric chuck is moved from the initial position in the X-axis direction by e.
(1−cos θ), and is shifted by e · sin θ in the Y-axis direction. Here, e is the radius of the circumference where the hole to be machined is arranged, that is, the amount of eccentricity from the spindle axis 3 to the grip center axis 2. Then, the tool rest 6 is moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the above-mentioned shift amount, the tool rest 6 is moved to the eccentric chuck 4 side, the eccentric chuck 4 is closed, and the work chuck 8 is moved.
Is opened and the tool rest 6 is retracted, whereby the work W is transferred from the work chuck 8 to the eccentric chuck 4. Since the work does not rotate while being held by the work chuck 8, when the work is newly held by the eccentric chuck,
Since the work is in a state of being relatively rotated in the opposite direction by the rotation angle θ of the main shaft, if a hole is formed on the main shaft axis of the work at this position, the first hole 30a and the next hole 30b become It is processed at a position separated by an angle θ on the same circumference.

The rotation angle θ of the spindle can be freely set by the NC device 10, and the drilling on the spindle axis is performed by moving the tool rest in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction using a drilling tool. Since turning is performed, even a hole having a complicated axial cross-sectional shape can be processed with high accuracy.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the present invention. An eccentric chuck 4 similar to that of the first embodiment is mounted on the main shaft 1 to hold a workpiece W.
The lathe used in the second embodiment includes a first tool post 6 and a second tool post 32, and the first tool post 6 is a turret tool post.
A turret 7 is provided with a cutting tool 9 for drilling holes. The second tool rest 32 is provided with a rotary tool driving device 35 capable of controlling a turning angle around a turning axis 34 in the Y-axis direction (a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing), and the rotary tool driven by the rotary tool driving device. The work chuck 8 is attached to the tip of the shaft 36 by an automatic tool changer (not shown). The first tool rest 6 and the second tool rest 32 can be moved and positioned at least in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of the work chuck 8 of the second embodiment. The work chuck of the second embodiment, like other tools that are automatically changed, includes a grip portion 38 that is gripped by a hand of an automatic tool changer and a shank 39 that is mounted on a rotary tool shaft. I have.
In a general structure of a rotary tool shaft, a coolant is supplied to a tool edge through a center hole of the rotary tool shaft. The chuck cylinder 11 or the bell crank 1 of the work chuck 8 shown in FIG.
The structures of the chuck 7 and the chuck claws 18 are the same as those of the work chuck of the first embodiment shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the port 20 of the chuck cylinder is open at the axis of the shank 39. In the embodiment of FIG.
Of the rotary tool shaft 3 is pushed outward by a ball provided on a pull rod that advances and retreats on the center axis of the rotary tool shaft.
The chuck claw 18 is closed by supplying a coolant or pressurized air from a coolant supply hole of the rotary tool shaft.

The drilling of the workpiece W by turning to a position on the spindle axis is performed by a drill bit 9 mounted on the first tool rest. When the first drilling is completed, the main spindle 1 is stopped at the position of the origin angle, the rotary tool shaft 36 is turned in a direction toward the workpiece W, the second tool rest 32 is advanced, and the work chuck 8 is moved to the main spindle axis. From the workpiece W at an eccentric position. Then, the work chuck 8 is made to approach the work W, the work chuck 8 is closed, the eccentric chuck 4 is opened, and the work is transferred from the eccentric chuck to the work chuck. In this state, the NC device 10 rotates the rotary tool shaft 36 by a predetermined angle θ, then closes the eccentric chuck 4, opens the work chuck 8, and separates it from the work.
Since the work W is held by the eccentric chuck 4 while being rotated by a predetermined angle, if the next hole is formed at the position of the spindle axis of the work in this state, the first hole 30a and the next hole 30 are formed.
b means that the workpiece W is machined to a position on the same circumference separated by the rotation angle θ of the rotary tool shaft 36 while the workpiece W is being gripped.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a lathe used in a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a work chuck.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the method of the first embodiment as viewed from a main shaft axis direction.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a lathe used in a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a work chuck according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a conventional eccentric indexing chuck.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Spindle 4 Eccentric chuck 6 Turret 7 Turret 8 Work chuck 37 Work chuck

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A rotation angle indexing means for a spindle (1);
Using a lathe equipped with a turret tool rest that can move and position in the X and Y directions, mount an eccentric chuck (4) on the spindle, and mount a work chuck (8) and a cutting tool (9) on the turret (7) Then, the workpiece is gripped by the eccentric chuck, turning is performed at a position on the spindle axis of the workpiece with the cutting tool, and then the workpiece is transferred from the eccentric chuck to the workpiece chuck. X axis and Y of table (6)
It is characterized in that the workpiece chuck is opposed to the gripping position of the eccentric chuck by the axis movement, the workpiece is transferred from the workpiece chuck to the eccentric chuck, and the next turning is performed at a position on the spindle axis of the workpiece. Turning method at multiple locations. 2. A lathe equipped with a tool rest equipped with a rotary tool shaft capable of positioning a turning angle around a Y axis in a ZX plane and provided with a rotation angle indexing means, and a turret tool rest, The eccentric chuck (4) is mounted on the main shaft, the work chuck (8) is mounted on the rotary tool shaft, the cutting tool (9) is mounted on the turret tool rest, and the work is held in the eccentric chuck while the work is held on the eccentric chuck. Perform turning work on the position of the workpiece on the spindle axis with the cutting tool, then deliver the workpiece from the eccentric chuck to the workpiece chuck, rotate the rotary tool shaft by a predetermined angle, deliver the workpiece from the workpiece chuck to the eccentric chuck, and then A method of turning at a plurality of locations on the same circumference, wherein the next turning is performed at a position on a spindle axis.