JPH0641078B2 - Automatic tool changer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Object of the Invention (Industrial field of application) The present invention relates to an automatic tool changer for automatically changing a tool between a machining shaft end on which a tool is mounted and a tool magazine. ,
Tools used in deep hole drilling machines (drills for deep holes)
The present invention relates to an automatic tool changing device for automatically changing a tool.

(Prior art and its problems) In a deep hole drilling machine for making a deep hole having a diameter 20 times or more, a tool adopting the BTA method is often used.
As shown in FIG. 12, this tool T has a hollow portion 121 for discharging chips formed therein and a screw portion 122 for screwing to the tip of the boring bar. A cutting edge 123 is attached to the tip of the tool T, and a plurality of convex guides (pads) 124 (see FIGS. 9 and 10) are provided on the outer periphery. Further, on the outer periphery of the rear part of the tool T, an uneven portion 125 processed by knurling is formed.

Such a tool (drill for deep hole) T is used by being screwed to the tip of a boring bar, and when worn out by use, it is removed from the boring bar and a new tool is mounted again to make a deep hole. Is being continued. Conventionally, this tool replacement is performed by the operator's manual work, which is inefficient and is a factor that prevents fully automatic operation.

Since the tool T used in the deep hole drilling machine has the above-described structure, it is more difficult to clamp (chuck) it than a tool used in a general machining mechanism, and a positioning key, etc. Since it does not have it, there is a problem that angular positioning (orientation, phase matching) is difficult. Further, since the tool T is screw-coupled, a considerably large initial torque is required when removing the tool T from the boring bar, and conversely, when the tool T is tightened to the boring bar, a torque smaller than the torque during removal is required. It is necessary to rotate the tool T with.

Further, in the deep hole drilling machine, there are large variations in the length dimension of the work, and the tip position of the boring bar often changes greatly as compared with general machine tools. Therefore, if you try to reduce the unnecessary axial movement of the boring bar by exchanging the tool at a position as close to the work end as possible during machining of the workpiece, the tool replacement position may differ greatly in the axial direction of the boring bar. is there.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the features of the tools used in such a deep hole drilling machine, and is an automatic tool changer capable of automatically changing the tools of the deep hole drilling machine using the BTA method. The purpose is to provide.

〔The invention's effect〕

(Means for Solving Problems) The present invention is an automatic tool changing device for a deep hole drilling machine, which is arranged on a slide base and stores the tool in the same direction as the deep boring bar. A tool magazine provided with a plurality of tool holders for holding the tool magazine, a plurality of chuck claws for chucking the tool from the radial outside direction, and a tool chuck device including a chuck claw rotating means for rotationally driving the chuck claws, and a tool The chuck device is connected to the swing arm that holds the chuck jaws to the tool holder of the tool magazine and swingably holds it on the slide base, and the tool chuck device is connected to the tool magazine and the boring bar. A swing mechanism for swinging between the respective tool changing positions and a swing arm connected to the swing arm for moving the tool chuck device back and forth in a direction parallel to the boring bar. It is characterized by having a backward movement mechanism.

(Operation) In the automatic tool changer according to the present invention, the tool chuck device is swung to the tool change position with the boring bar,
While chucking the tool with the chuck claw, rotate the chuck claw around the axis and move it backward to remove the used tool from the boring bar. Next, swing the tool chuck device to the tool replacement position of the tool magasin, store the chucked used tools in the tool magazine, and then index the tool magazine to index a new tool,
Chuck this new tool with the chuck jaws. The tool chuck device chucking the new tool is swung again to the tool exchange position of the boring bar, and the new tool is screwed into the boring bar while giving a rotational movement by the rotation of the chuck claw. After screwing the new tool into the boring bar, the tool chuck device swings back to the standby position, and the series of automatic tool changing operations is completed.

Embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing an example of a deep hole drilling machine to which the automatic tool changer according to the present invention is applied. Reference numeral 1 in the figure
Reference numeral 1 denotes a bed of a deep hole drilling machine. At both ends of the bed 11, a headstock 12 for chucking and rotating an end of a work W and an boring bar 14 for holding an end of a boring bar 13 are provided. Is provided, and a work rest 15 is provided near the center of the bed 11. The work rest 15 is provided to prevent runout at the end of the work W. As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of (four in FIG. 1) rollers are provided around the outer circumference of the work W. It has a structure in which the instruction is made rotatably at 16. Work rest 6
Is fixed on a slide base (saddle) 17 slidably mounted on the bed 11 so that the position can be changed according to the length dimension of the work W.

A pressure base 18 for supplying a high-pressure cutting agent is installed on the outer periphery of the tool fixed to the tip of the boring bar 13 on the slide base 17, and as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. A magazine 20 and a tool chuck device 30 are provided respectively.

The tool magazine 20 includes a disc-shaped tool holding plate 22 rotatably instructed by a rotary shaft 21 arranged in parallel with the boring bar 13 on the slide base 17, and the outer periphery of the tool holding plate 22. A plurality of tool holders 23, a gear 24 fixed to the back surface of the tool holding plate 22, a pinion 25 meshing with the gear 24, and a tool magazine indexing hydraulic motor for rotationally driving the pinion 25. 26 and. Tool holder 2
3 is fixed in parallel with the boring bar 13 with its tip facing the direction opposite to the boring bar 13.
As shown in the detailed structure of FIGS. 9 and 10, the tool holder 23 is formed by fixing a round bar-shaped member orthogonal to the tool holding plate 22, and has a flat surface part at a tip thereof. It has a tool receiving portion 23b formed by cutting out so as to form 23a. A tool retaining pin 27 is attached to the base end of the tool holder 23 by being biased by a spring 28 in the radial direction. In FIG. 9, reference numeral 29 is a detection pin for detecting and controlling the index position of the tool magazine 20.

The tool chuck device 30 is for chucking the tool from the outer periphery and rotating the tool for attaching and detaching the tool. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the chuck jaws 31 for tool chuck and A hydraulic motor 32 for rotating the chuck claw 31 is provided. The chuck claw 31 slides in the radial direction at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction on the tip of a hollow cylindrical rotary sleeve 34 that is rotatably instructed in the main body casing 33 of the tool chuck device 30. It is arranged as possible. An inclined portion is formed on the rear surface of the chuck claw 31, and a piston member 35 having a similar inclined surface formed on the tip portion is arranged to come into contact with the inclined portion. The piston member 35 is reciprocally disposed in a cylinder chamber 36 formed between the main body casing 33 and the rotary sleeve 34, and pressure is applied to pressure oil supply holes 37a and 37b opened at the front and rear ends, respectively. By supplying oil, the tool is reciprocally driven, and the reciprocating movement of the piston member 35 causes the chuck claws 31 to move forward and backward in the radial direction, thereby chucking and uncucking the tool.

The rear portion of the rotary sleeve 34 has a partial cutout 3 on the outer peripheral portion.
The indexing plate 38 with the 8a formed therein is fitted, and the notch 3
The distal end portion of the indexing pin 39, which is inserted through the wall surface of the main body casing 33 in the radial direction so as to be able to move forward and backward, can be inserted into 8a. At the rear of the indexing pin 39, a piston 41 having a reduced diameter portion 41a is arranged so as to be capable of reciprocating in a direction orthogonal to the indexing pin 39, and a main body 41b of the piston 41 having a large diameter is indexed. When contacting the rear end of the pin 39, the tip end of the indexing pin 39 causes the notch 3 of the indexing plate 38.
The tip end portion is pulled out from the cutout portion 38a when it is inserted into the inside 8a and comes into contact with the reduced diameter portion 41a. In this drawing operation, tapered surfaces are formed at the notch 38a of the indexing plate 38 and the tip end of the indexing pin 39, and the indexing pin 39 is automatically moved backward by the rotation of the indexing plate 38. Can be done by. The piston 41 is reciprocally disposed in a cylinder chamber 42 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the main body casing 33, and has a pressure supply passage 43a for supplying pressure oil to the front and rear ends of the cylinder chamber 42, respectively.
43b is connected. In the pressure oil supply passage, the pressure oil supply passage 43b facing the reduced diameter portion 41a of the piston 41 is provided on the side that gives the piston 35 an operation (forward movement) for moving the chuck claw 31 in the radial direction. The pressure oil supply hole 37b is connected to the other pressure oil supply passage 43a, and the pressure oil supply passage 43a is connected to the pressure oil supply hole 37a on the side that gives the piston 35 an operation (reverse movement) for moving the chuck claw 31 backward. (See FIG. 11).

The tool chuck device 30 has a chuck claw 31 that is connected to one end of a slide shaft 44 rotatably and axially movably mounted on the slide base 17 by a swing arm 45 that is connected orthogonally to the slide shaft 44. The opening of the rotary sleeve 34 mounted on the tool holder 2 of the tool magazine 20
It is supported in the direction opposite to 3. As shown in FIG. 8, the slide shaft 44 is rotatably and axially movably supported by a slide bearing 46, one end of which is connected to a base end of a swing arm 45, and the other end of which is a lever. 47 is rotatably mounted. One end of a piston rod 48a of a main piston 48 that reciprocates in parallel with the slide shaft 44 is connected to the lever 47,
The slide shaft 44 can be reciprocated by the main piston 48. The main piston 48 is inserted from one side into a hydraulic cylinder chamber 49 provided in a part of the casing 51 of the slide bearing 46, and the auxiliary cylinder chamber having a larger diameter than the hydraulic cylinder chamber 49 is inserted into the other side of the hydraulic cylinder chamber 49. 52 are connected for communication. A free piston 53 having a larger diameter than the main piston 48 is reciprocally inserted into the auxiliary cylinder chamber 52. A piston rod 54 is fixed to an end of the free piston 53 opposite to the main piston 48. The piston rod 54 penetrates a cylinder wall 52a forming an auxiliary cylinder chamber 52 and projects outward. A substantially semicircular stopper plate 55 is fixed to the outer periphery of the base end portion of the swing arm 45, and the outward protruding end of the piston rod 54 can be brought into contact with the stopper plate 55.

A first pressure oil supply hole 49a for supplying pressure oil for driving the main piston 48 is provided at one end of the hydraulic cylinder chamber 49.
A second pressure oil supply hole 52b and a third pressure oil supply hole 52c for supplying pressure oil for reciprocating the free piston 53 are provided at the front and rear ends of the auxiliary cylinder chamber 52. An oil passage 53a is provided on the main piston 48 side of the free piston 53 so as to penetrate toward the hydraulic cylinder chamber 49. The pressure oil supplied from the second pressure oil supply hole 52b through the oil passage 53a is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder chamber. 49
Can be supplied to.

A piston rod 56a of an arm swing cylinder 56 that moves the swing arm 45 is connected to a substantially intermediate position of the swing arm 45. Arm swing cylinder 56
Since the swing arm 45 reciprocates in the horizontal direction, the swing arm 45 can be horizontally swung around the fulcrum 57.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a hydraulic circuit of the automatic tool changer according to this embodiment having such a configuration. In FIG. 11, corresponding components are schematically shown by using the same reference numerals.

Next, the operation of this embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

During deep hole drilling, the swing arm 45 is raised upward as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the tool chuck device 30 is in the standby position. In this state, when a tool change command is issued, the rotation of the work W is stopped, the boring bar 13 moves backward, and the used tool T ₀ attached to the tip is pulled out from the work W. Further, pressure oil is supplied to the tool chuck device 30 from the pressure oil supply hole 37a, and the piston member 35 retracts (left direction in FIG. 4).
The chuck claw 31 is moved, and accordingly, the chuck claw 31 is pulled by the projection 35a provided at the tip of the piston member 35 and is moved in the radially outward direction (opening direction) (unchucked state). The pressure oil supplied from the pressure oil supply hole 37a is also supplied to the pressure oil supply passage 43a so that the piston 41 moves to the sixth position.
Move it to the left in the figure. This allows the piston body 4
1b pushes up the rear end of the indexing pin 39,
The tip end of the chuck claw 31 is inserted into the notch 38a of the indexing plate 38 and the rotary sleeve 34 is locked.
(The orientation is performed. Next, pressure oil is supplied from the first pressure oil supply hole 49a, and the main piston 48 is moved leftward in FIG. 8 to move the slide shaft 44, the swing arm 45, and The tool chucking device 30 supported by is moved backward (moved in a direction away from the tool T ₀ attached to the boring bar 13.) Subsequently, the arm swing cylinder 56 is operated and the piston rod 56a is extended. , Swing arm 4
5 is swung about the slide shaft 44 to a position where the center of the rotary sleeve 34 coincides with the axis of the boring bar 13.

Next, when the first and third pressure oil supply holes 49a and 52c are communicated with the oil tank side and the pressure oil is supplied from the second pressure oil supply hole 52b, the free piston 53 moves leftward in FIG. 54 protrudes from the cylinder chamber 52a by a predetermined size, while the main piston 48 moves rightward in FIG. 8 to move the swing arm 45 and the tool chuck device 30 forward together with the slide shaft 44 (the boring bar 1).
(Moving in a direction approaching the tool T ₀ attached to No. 3). The movement of the swing arm 45 is stopped by the stopper plate 55 contacting the protruding piston rod 54. Therefore, the tool chuck device 30 uses the tool T
_The chuck claw 31 is stopped while being advanced to the intermediate position with respect to ₀ , and the chuck claw 31 is stopped and positioned at a position between the plurality of pads 124 provided on the outer periphery of the tool T ₀ . The orientation of the tool T ₀ is
It is performed by the bowling bar 13.

Subsequently, when pressure oil is simultaneously supplied to the pressure oil supply holes 37a and 37b of the tool chuck device 30, the cross-sectional area of the piston member 35 on the pressure oil supply hole 37b side (left side in FIG. 4) is the pressure oil supply hole. Since it is larger than the sectional area of the piston member 35 on the 37a side (right side in FIG. 4), the piston member 35 moves rightward in FIG. Operate (close direction). The closing operation of the chuck claw 31 is performed by the piston member 3
Since a force corresponding to the pressure difference between the left side and the right side of 5 is used, the chucking force is weak (soft chuck). Pressure oil supply hole 3
The pressure oil supplied to 7, 37b is simultaneously supplied to both ends of the piston 41 through the pressure oil supply passages 43a, 43b, and the reduced-diameter portion 41a has a smaller cross-sectional area on which the pressure oil acts. Is moved in the direction of the reduced diameter portion (leftward in FIG. 6). As a result, the tip end of the indexing pin 39 is inserted into the notch 38a of the indexing plate 38 as described above. When the hydraulic motor 32 is operated in this state and the rotary sleeve 34 is rotated in the direction in which the tool T ₀ is loosened from the boring bar 13, the rotary sleeve 34 is rotated.
Since there is a gap between the slit 9 and the cutout portion 38a, the chuck claw 31 is in a soft chuck state at this time and slips around the outer periphery of the tool T ₀ , and when the chuck claw 31 abuts the side end of the pad 124. Stop rotation. Next, when the pressure oil supply hole 37a is communicated with the oil tank side and the pressure oil is supplied to the pressure oil supply hole 37b, the piston member 35 receives the total oil pressure of the pressure oil,
The chuck claw 31 strongly chucks the outer periphery of the tool T ₀ (strong chuck). At the same time, the pressure oil is supplied to the pressure oil supply passage 43.
It is supplied only to b and moves the piston 41 to the right side in FIG. 6, and the reduced diameter portion 41a of the piston 41 passes through the rear portion of the indexing pin 39 and moves to the right direction in FIG. As a result, the locked state of the rotary sleeve 34 by the indexing pin 39 is released, and when the hydraulic motor 32 is operated and the rotary sleeve 34 is continuously rotated, the indexing pin 39 automatically moves backward as described above. As a result, the chuck claw 31 transmits the rotational force to the tool T ₀ in a state in which the chuck claw 31 is in strong contact with the pad 124 while coming out of the notch portion 38a. In this way, since the chuck claw 31 is brought into contact with the pad 124 and rotated in the direction in which the tool T ₀ is loosened, a large torque can be applied and the tool T ₀ can be loosened without the chuck claw 31 slipping. As a result, the boring bar 13 is firmly screwed. The tool T ₀ can be surely loosened. When the pressure oil is supplied to the first pressure oil supply hole 49a in parallel with the rotation operation of the chuck claw 31, and the tool chuck device 30 is moved backward together with the swing arm 45, the tool T ₀ is chucked by the chuck claw 31. It is automatically removed from the boring bar 13 while being held.

When the swing arm 45 moves backward to the rearmost end, the arm swing cylinder 56 operates, swings the swing arm 45 upward, and moves the tool chuck device 30 to the tool exchange position with the tool magazine 20. . The tool magazine 20
The tool holding plate 22 is rotated by the operation of the hydraulic motor 26, and the empty tool holder 23 in which the tool T is not stored and held is indexed to the tool exchange position.

When pressure oil is supplied to the second pressure oil supply hole 52b and the main piston 48 is moved to the right in FIG. 8, the tool chuck device 30 moves forward toward the tool magazine 20 and the stopper plate 55 described above. By contacting the piston rod 54 of the free piston 53 thus protruding, it stops at the intermediate position. By the forward movement of the tool chuck device 30 and the stop of the intermediate position, the tool T ₀ chucked by the chuck claws 31 is inserted into the tool holder 23 of the tool magazine 20 in the state as shown in FIG. Two
While being prevented from coming off by the pin 27 urged by the tool 8, the tool receiving portion 23b is provided with a chip passing hole 126 for the tool T _0.
By inserting the flat portion 23a into the cutting blade 123 and the flat portion 23a thereof is provided on the cutting edge 123, rotation prevention (phase matching) is performed.

Subsequently, pressure oil is supplied to the pressure oil supply hole 37a to move the chuck claws 31 in the opening direction in a radial direction to uncuck,
Pressure oil is supplied to the first pressure oil supply hole 49a to move the tool chuck device 30 together with the swing arm 45 backward.
As a result, the used tool T ₀ attached to the boring bar 13 is removed, and the operation of conveying the tool to the tool magazine 20 and storing and holding the tool is completed.

The operation of transporting and mounting the tool from the tool magazine 20 to the tip of the boring bar 13 is performed as follows. First, the hydraulic motor 26 is operated to index the tool magazine 20, and the new tool Tn to be used is moved to the tool replacement position. Next, pressure oil is supplied to the third pressure oil supply hole 52c, and the free piston 53 is moved to the right in FIG. 8 to retract the piston rod 54 toward the cylinder wall 52a, and at the same time, the second pressure oil supply hole. Pressure oil is supplied to 52b, and this pressure oil is further sent to the hydraulic cylinder chamber 49 through the oil passage 53a, and the main piston 48 is moved rightward in FIG. 8 to move the slide shaft 44 and the swing arm 45 together with the tool chuck device 30. Is moved forward toward the tool magazine 20. In this case, since the piston rod 54 is retracted, the stopper plate 55 is not stopped at the intermediate position, and the tool chuck device 30 can be advanced to the front end position.

Subsequently, pressure oil is simultaneously supplied to the pressure oil supply holes 37a and 37b, and the new tool Tn is softly chucked by the chuck claw 31. In this case, since the tool chuck device 30 has advanced to the front end position, the chuck claw 31 has moved beyond the position of the pad 124 of the new tool Tn, and the concave and convex portion 1 at the rear part of the tool Tn.
I'm chucking 25. Pressure oil is supplied to the first pressure oil supply hole 49a, the tool chuck device 30 is moved backward, and the new tool Tn is pulled out from the tool holder 23 of the tool magazine 20.

The arm swing cylinder 56 is operated to move the swing arm 45.
Is swung to stop at a position where the axis of the arm swing cylinder Tn chucked by the chuck claw 31 and the axis of the boring bar 13 coincide. During this time, since the tool Tn is softly chucked, the index pin 39 is used as described above.
Angle positioning of the tool Tn (orientation)
Has been done.

Next, pressure oil is supplied only from the pressure oil supply hole 37b, the tool Tn is strongly chucked, the angular positioning is released, and the hydraulic motor 32 is operated to rotate the chuck claw 31 in the direction in which the tool Tn is tightened. . In this state, when pressure oil is supplied from the second pressure oil supply hole 52b to move the tool chuck device 30 forward, the tool Tn is automatically screwed and fixed to the tip of the boring bar 13. Since this screwing operation is performed by chucking while avoiding the pad 124 portion of the tool Tn, when a torque larger than a predetermined value acts on the tool Tn, the chuck claw 31 slides around the outer periphery of the tool Tn and the tool Tn. Also, damage to the boring bar 13 can be prevented. Further, even if the tool Tn is screwed into the boring bar 13 relatively gently, the tool Tn is strongly screwed in during use and the tool Tn does not come off.

When the screwing operation of the new tool Tn into the boring bar 13 is completed, the chuck claws 31 are unchucked,
The tool chuck device 30 moves backward and swings to the standby position again, thereby ending a series of operations.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the used tool T ₀ attached to the tip of the boring bar 13 of the deep hole drilling machine is removed and stored in the tool holder 23 of the tool magazine 20. A series of tool exchanging operations for mounting the new tool Tn of the tool magazine 20 on the tip of the boring bar 13 can be automatically performed. The series of operations described above can be performed using a general sequence control technique.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the tool of the deep hole drilling machine using the BTA method can be automatically replaced.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a sectional view taken along the line I--I of FIG. 1 showing the main components of the automatic tool changer according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view taken in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is according to the present invention. A side view showing an example of a deep hole drilling machine to which an automatic tool changing device is applied, FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing the structure of a tool chuck device, and FIG.
6 is a partial view seen in the direction of the arrow V in FIG. 6, FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing an orientation mechanism of a tool chuck device, and FIG.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a top plan view including a partial sectional view showing the forward / backward movement mechanism of the swing arm, and FIG. Fig. 10 is a view seen in the direction of arrow X in Fig. 9, Fig. 11 is a view showing an example of a hydraulic circuit of an automatic tool changer, and Fig. 12 is a BT.
Deep hole drilling tool used in method A (deep hole drill)
It is a side view containing the partial cross section which shows the structure of. 13 ... Boring bar, 15 ... Work rest, 1
7 ... Slide base, 20 ... Tool magazine, 23 ...
... tool holder, 26 ... hydraulic motor for indexing tool magazine, 30 ... tool chuck device, 31 ... chuck claw,
32 ... Hydraulic motor for rotating chuck claw, 34 ... Rotating sleeve, 35 ... Piston member, 38 ... Indexing plate, 41
...... Piston, 44 ...... Slide shaft, 45 ...... Swing arm, 48 ...... Main piston, 53 ...... Free piston, 5
4 ... Piston rod, 56 ... Arm swing cylinder,
122 ... screw part, 123 ... cutting edge, 124 ... putt, 125 ... uneven part, T ... tool, w ... work.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A tool magazine provided with a plurality of tool holders arranged on a slide base for accommodating and holding a tool in the same direction as a boring bar of a deep hole drilling machine, and a tool chuck from the outer radial direction. A plurality of chuck claws, and a tool chuck device provided with chuck claw rotating means for rotationally driving the chuck claw, and a tool chuck device, wherein the chuck claw is opposed to a tool holder of the tool magazine, A swinging arm that swingably holds on a slide base; a swinging mechanism that is connected to the swinging arm and that swings the tool chuck device between the tool magazine and the boring bar tool changing positions; Automatic tool change of deep hole drilling machine, which includes a reciprocating mechanism that is connected to a moving arm and reciprocates the tool chuck device in a direction parallel to the boring bar. apparatus.