JP2002281909A - Formula feed for pisciculture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a formula feed having excellent fish growing effect, survival ratio, feed efficiency, protein efficiency and accumulation rate of nutrient components to the fish body and effective for improving the productivity of cultured fish. SOLUTION: The formula feed for pisciculture contains pregelatinized whole- grain corn.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mixed feed for fish farming and, more particularly, to the provision of a mixed feed for fish farming containing pre-gelatinized whole corn.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Farmed fish are economic animals. Therefore, it is necessary to feed and feed a necessary and sufficient amount of a compound feed every day so as to grow as short as possible and at low cost. For that purpose, a compound feed having a high feed efficiency and a high accumulation rate of various nutrients in the fish body, in other words, a compound feed having a high digestion and absorption rate is required.

Hitherto, it has been considered that high-quality fishmeal-derived proteins and lipids such as fish oil are effective for raising cultured fish. Therefore, today's mixed feed for fish farming is mainly composed of animal raw materials such as fish meal, to which flour, vitamins and minerals are added as a carbohydrate source.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, the present inventors have found that the growth and feed efficiency of cultured fish are not based on the high ratio of protein and lipid in the mixed feed, but rather on other components, especially including carbohydrates. Nutritional balance and the total calorie content of the whole mixed feed on the premise of maintaining that balance. as a result,
By adopting a carbohydrate source for fish farming feed that contains enough carbohydrates to supplement the flour etc. used in conventional fish farming compound feeds, and also has a high caloric content, and even cheaper materials, Recognition that the feed efficiency could be further improved was reached.

Accordingly, the present inventors have focused on corn as a carbohydrate source satisfying the above conditions. However, it is not desirable to use commercially available whole corn as it is as a raw material for a mixed feed for fish farming. This is because, in the past, whole grain corn was regarded as inappropriate as a feed material in terms of fish digestion and absorption. In addition, the indigestible carbohydrate content may be increased, and the amount of cultured fish droppings regarded as an environmental pollutant may be increased. Today, all industries are required to work on environmental protection.
This is no exception in the field of fish farming. This is also an undesirable form in public health terms.

Until now, whole grain corn has been used exclusively as feed for livestock, but as a raw material of a mixed feed for fish farming, corn-derived gluten meal, corn starch, etc. derived from corn are blended in a very small ratio. Was. It has been reported that corn gluten meal can be used in a certain range as a protein source in compound feed (Takagi Osamu: Use of corn gluten meal in red sea bream feed, Journal of the Fisheries Society of Japan, 66, 412-427)
(2000)), but there was no example in which whole corn was used as a raw material for a mixed feed for fish farming.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems However, as a result of earnest studies, the present inventors have been able to overcome the above-mentioned problems by adopting gelatinized whole corn as a raw material for a mixed feed for fish farming. Was. In addition, from the viewpoint of fish digestion and absorption, it refers to starch in which 80% or more of the starch contained in whole grain corn is pregelatinized after the compound feed is molded.

The present inventors have found that pregelatinized whole corn can be used as a compound feed having a high feed efficiency and a high rate of accumulation of various nutrients in a fish body, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to a compound feed for fish farming containing pregelatinized whole corn, and a compound feed for fish farming containing 1 to 70% by weight, more preferably 5 to 60% by weight depending on the fish species, of the premixed whole corn. Things.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the compound feed for fish farming of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0010] The mixed feed for fish culture according to the present invention refers to a feed formed by mixing and pulverizing animal raw materials such as fish meal, cereals, bran, vitamins, minerals, and the like, and then using a pellet machine, an extruder, or the like. .

The target species of the fish feed compound feed according to the present invention include freshwater fish such as rainbow trout, sweetfish and carp, red sea bream,
There is no particular limitation as long as marine fish such as hamachi and flounder and fish that are generally targeted for aquaculture.

The whole grain corn according to the present invention is a portion of granular seeds obtained from cultivated corn, and the variety thereof is not only dent corn and flint corn widely cultivated for feed but also sweet corn,
There is no particular limitation as long as they are generally distributed, such as popcorn and soft corn.

[0013] α contained in the mixed feed for fish farming according to the present invention
Whole corn is crushed whole corn alone or together with other ingredients, and at least at the final stage of production, the starch in the whole corn is at least 80% α
Refers to what has been Means for achieving this are a method in which whole corn is mixed with the raw material mixture and is pregelatinized under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the process of molding through an extruder or the like, or a whole corn pregelatinized by heat treatment in advance. Is mixed with the raw material mixture and molded by a pellet machine.

The mixing ratio of the pregelatinized whole corn can be appropriately selected within a range of 1 to 70% by weight based on the whole raw material mixture.
More preferably, 10 to 35% by weight for rainbow trout formula feed, 20 to 50% by weight for sweetfish formula feed, 30 to 60% by weight for carp formula feed, 20 to 40% by weight for Thai formula feed , 5-20 in case of combination feed for flounder
% By weight. If the amount is less than these ranges, the effect of blending of pregelatinized whole corn cannot be obtained, and if the amount is too large, the carbohydrates in the formulated feed cannot be sufficiently digested and absorbed, resulting in poor growth and survival rate. It causes adverse effects such as reduction.

[0015] Whole corn contains a yellow pigment such as β-carotene, which can be expected to have an effect of deepening the cultured fish body surface. That is, α of the present invention
If you raise fish, such as sweetfish, yellowtail, amberjack, and green fly, for which the degree of yellow coloring on the body surface is to be evaluated using a compounded feed for fish farming that contains It becomes possible.

[0016]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.

[0017]

EXAMPLE 1 Each feed ingredients in proportions shown in Table 1, the vapor (1.2~1.3 kg / cm ²⁾ as the internal pressure in the cooker of the raw material is 0.5~1.0kg / cm ² and water was added kneading Then, it was extruded from an extruder (manufactured by Ueda Iron Works, Ltd.) and molded. This is dried at 100 ° C for 10 minutes (manufactured by Nippon Dryer Co., Ltd.)
Thereafter, by crushing and sieving with a pellet crumbler (manufactured by Tokyo Flour Milling Machine Co., Ltd.), a mixed feed for rainbow trout and a general mixed feed for rainbow trout containing the pregelatinized whole corn according to the present invention of the crumble type (0.65 to 1.00 mm crumble type).

[0018]

Table 1 Formulation composition (%) of formula feed for rainbow trout breeding test

[0019]

Example 2 Three 10 L FRP water tanks at a water temperature of 14 ° C.
100 rainbow trout having an average fish weight of 0.92 g were housed in each section, and bred for one month using the combined feed obtained in Example 1.

The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Rainbow trout fed with a mixed feed for fish farming containing the pregelatinized whole corn of the present invention, compared to the control plot, fish growth, survival rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency, and to the body of each nutrient component contained in the feed It was confirmed that the accumulation rate was excellent.

[0021]

[Table 2] Rearing performance of rainbow trout

[0022]

[Table 3] Accumulation rate (%) of each nutrient contained in feed in fish

[0023]

Example 3 Each feed material was blended at the ratio shown in Table 1
By extruding from an extruder while heating and molding and drying, a mixed feed for rainbow trout and a general mixed feed for rainbow trout containing the pregelatinized whole corn according to the present invention were obtained (porosity having a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 5 mm). Quality type).

[0024]

Example 4 A 2 liter concrete water tank 6 having a water temperature of 14 ° C.
The rainbow trout having an average fish weight of 65.6 g was accommodated on the surface so that the total fish weight of each section was 5 kg, and the compound feed obtained in Example 3 was bred for 2 months in each of the two sections. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5. It was confirmed that the rainbow trout fed with the mixed feed for fish farming containing the pregelatinized whole corn of the present invention had better breeding results than the control plot.

[0025]

[Table 4] Rearing performance of rainbow trout

[0026]

Table 5: Average accumulation rate (%) of each nutrient contained in feed in fish

[0027]

Example 5 Each feed material was blended in the ratios shown in Table 6, extruded from an extruder, and molded and dried to obtain a mixed feed for ayu containing the pregelatinized whole corn and a general ayu for the present invention. Formula feed was obtained (diameter 1.3mm
× porous type with a length of 1.3 mm).

[0028]

Table 6 Formulation composition (%) of formula feed for sweetfish rearing test

[0029]

Example 6 Ayu having an average fish weight of 10 g was placed on two concrete water tanks having a water temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and having a volume of 1.5 g in a volume of 100 g in each section.
Each of the tails was housed and the compound feed obtained in Example 5 was used for 2
They were bred for months.

Table 7 shows the results. It was confirmed that the ayu fed with the mixed feed for fish farming containing the pregelatinized whole corn of the present invention had better breeding performance than the control plot.
The ayu in the pre-gelatinized whole corn blended section had a yellowish body surface color similar to that of natural ayu.

[0031]

[Table 7] Rearing performance of sweetfish

[0032]

[Example 7] Whole corn flour and other raw materials which had been pre-gelatinized in advance in the proportions shown in Table 8 were blended, and steam was added to the raw materials so that the product temperature would be 80 to 90 ° C. (Made by California Pellet Mill) and air-dried (made by Okawara Seisakusho) to make the water content 9%, so that the mixed feed for red sea bream containing the pregelatinized whole corn according to the present invention and general red sea bream Formula feed was obtained (diameter 4.
8mm x 8.0mm length pellet type).

[0033]

[Table 8] Formulation composition (%) of formula feed for red sea bream breeding test

[0034]

Example 8 Two red sea breams having an average fish weight of 60 g were housed in two 1 kL panlite aquariums at a water temperature of 20 ° C. and 50 fishes in each section, and reared for 2 months using the combined feed obtained in Example 7. Was. Table 9 shows the results. It was confirmed that the red sea bream fed with the mixed feed for fish farming containing the pregelatinized whole corn of the present invention had better breeding performance than the control plot.

[0035]

[Table 9]

[0036]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION In the composition of the present invention, the mixed feed for fish farming containing pregelatinized whole corn is excellent in fish growth, survival rate, feed efficiency, protein efficiency, and accumulation rate of each nutrient in the fish body. Therefore, it is highly effective in improving the productivity of cultured fish. In addition, the superior accumulation rate of each nutrient in the fish means that the amount of excretion of feces is small,
It is also effective in preventing environmental pollution. Furthermore, the cost reduction effect by using an inexpensive raw material is recognized.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A formula feed for fish farming containing pregelatinized whole corn in a formula. 2. The mixed feed for fish farming according to claim 1, which contains 1 to 70% by weight of pregelatinized whole grain corn. 3. The mixed feed for marine fish according to claim 1, which contains 5 to 40% by weight of gelatinized whole corn. 4. 10 to 60% by weight of pregelatinized whole corn
2. The mixed feed for freshwater fish according to claim 1, comprising: