JP2002224638A - Method and system for treating waste containing organic matter such as kitchen waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solvent for forming slurry from waste-containing organic matter such as kitchen waste discharged from a comparatively small-sized business office or the like so that the waste can be stored for a fixed period of time near the waste generating source to collect the waste at each fixed period of time and treat the waste finally at final treatment facilities, can be prevented from going rotten during the storage period of time to prevent a bad smell from emitting and can be handled easily and to provide a method for recovering the solvent. SOLUTION: The waste-containing organic matter is crushed 25. One or more solvents selected from monoterpenes such as limonene, acetate such as isopentyl acetate, propionate such as benzyl propionate and butyrate such as ethyl butyrate are added to the crushed waste so that the crushed waste is formed into slurry 40 while the oil and fat content, protein and the like in the crushed waste are dissolved. The crushed waste is restrained from going rotten by a microbe. The waste of a slurry state is separated into solid content and liquid content by centrifugal separation or the like. The separated liquid content is heated so that the moisture content is vaporized and separated, which is then heated furthermore so that the solvent is recovered by vaporization and separation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the treatment of organic waste such as vegetable waste, meat and seafood residues discharged from hotels, restaurants and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, waste such as kitchen garbage discharged from a commercial facility is collected in the same manner as so-called garbage discharged from a general household, and is incinerated or treated with microorganisms in a fixed-scale treatment facility. After that, it was incinerated.

[0003] However, due to the demand for environmental protection, it has become necessary to discharge the waste such as kitchen waste at the discharge source, and facilities of a certain scale or more have to treat these wastes themselves. Equipment that can be used has been devised. For example,
Although relatively small-scale incinerators and microbial treatment equipment are being installed at each of the establishments that are the source of these emissions, these kitchen wastes can be treated with a large amount of water by incineration. In the case of vegetables, etc., 95% or more is originally water, and it is in a state of much more moisture because it is further washed and contains attached water. It cannot be incinerated as it is, and it is added to the drying process. Energy costs will also increase and operating expenses will be considerable. further,
Concerns over soot and dioxin and other chemical products generated during incineration lead to many problems in terms of location and pollution control measures, making practical use difficult. Also, in the case of microbial treatment, the treatment facility requires a relatively large area and volume,
In addition, since there is a problem such as generation of odor due to the treatment of microorganisms, it has been difficult to adopt it due to the location conditions of hotels and restaurants.

[0004] In order to cope with such a problem, the present inventors crushed these garbage to a certain size or less, added a strong alkali, and stirred and dissolved in a treatment tank to form a slurry. The collected garbage is stored for a certain period of time, these slurries are collected periodically, transported to a processing facility where final processing is performed, and accumulated, and final processing such as incineration by separating water from the slurry at the processing facility. We are trying a system that performs efficiently.

According to this method and system, organic waste such as kitchen garbage is prevented from decay by strong alkali, and a part of organic matter such as oils and fats is dissolved to promote slurry. For this reason, these treatments are performed at the discharge source, preventing the generation of offensive odor during storage for a certain period of time, and the slurry is easy to handle because it is in the form of a slurry. It is possible to improve efficiency. As a result, the final treatment can be performed in a suitable area on a sufficient scale, so that the overall efficiency can be improved and the facility capacity can be improved.

However, according to such a method, it is necessary to use a strong alkali in the primary treatment for dissolving the organic waste. However, since the strong alkali is a deleterious substance, there is a limitation in using it in a general facility. In addition, there is a risk of handling and the burden of operation management for facilities and collection work is large, and an increase in cost is unavoidable, so it was not always an effective means. In addition, in such a processing method, the volume to be stored in the tank in the primary processing is large, and it is possible in the primary processing step in terms of transportation cost when transporting to the final processing facility and efficiency of the final processing. It is desirable to remove as much water as possible, but the slurry after alkali dissolution has a large viscosity, it is difficult to separate water by centrifugation or squeezing, and the separated liquid contains strong alkali as it is It cannot be discharged, and it is difficult to recover these alkalis, resulting in an increase in the unit price of the raw materials.
Further, removing water by heat treatment not only increases the energy cost, but in any case, there is still a problem in the treatment of the final product, which makes practical use difficult.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage is primarily treated in a relatively small-scale business establishment and the like, and is stored for a certain period of time. And collection and processing that facilitates the processing and allows the final secondary processing to be performed at appropriate places.
Provided is a waste treatment method using a reusable solvent and a treatment system suitable for the method.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems: Crushing waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage, and crushing the waste into monoterpenes such as limonene; acetate esters such as isopentyl acetate;
Addition of a solvent consisting of at least one selected from propionate esters such as benzyl propionate and butyrate esters such as ethyl butyrate dissolves oils and fats in kitchen garbage and proteins, etc. The slurry waste is separated into a solid content and a liquid content by centrifugation or the like, and the liquid content is heated to vaporize and separate the water, and then the heating temperature is raised to vaporize and separate the solvent. It is a method of treating waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage, in order to perform this more efficiently, crushing and dewatering waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage,
Limonene is added and stirred to dissolve fats and oils and proteins to form a slurry (slurry), and if necessary, heat it to evaporate water and perform primary treatment to reduce the weight,
Next, the slurried waste is separated into a solid content such as cellulosic and a liquid content by centrifugation, pressing, etc.,
The liquid component is heated at a temperature lower than the boiling point of limonene to vaporize and separate water, then the temperature is increased to vaporize limonene to separate and extract and collect.The previously separated solid content and limonene extraction residue are carbonized. The secondary treatment is performed, and the primary treatment is performed at a discharge source such as a restaurant or a hotel, and is stored for a certain period of time. The slurry stored at the discharge source is collected at regular intervals, and the collection is performed. A waste treatment system containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage, wherein collected slurry is accumulated in a certain treatment facility and the secondary treatment is performed.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the method for treating waste containing organic matter according to the present invention, a solvent such as limonene is added to crushed waste such as kitchen waste, so that the waste is mainly contained in seafood and meat in the kitchen waste. The fats and oils and proteins that are dissolved in these solvents become smaller and easier to disperse, and the garbage that is crushed together with the water contained in the garbage is turned into a slurry to give fluidity to the solid content mainly composed of cellulose. I do. By having such fluidity, the primary treatment, storage in a tank or the like, and collection work can be easily and efficiently performed.

Also, limonene has a strong antiseptic action, and the sludge-like garbage thus produced does not rot even if stored in a tank or the like for a long period of one month or more. It can be processed / stored even in a location condition where it is in contact with, and does not adversely affect the surroundings such as bad smell when collecting and going to the secondary processing. Since limonene itself is a natural substance and contained in the citrus peel, it is harmless to the human body and has no restrictions on handling.

The garbage that has been crushed into a slurry can be reduced in weight by heating or heating (about 50 to 60 ° C.) during storage to vaporize water. At that time, the degree of weight loss can be increased by keeping the temperature to some extent, but since the vapor pressure of limonene is high, it is easy to vaporize at the same time, so adjust the temperature conditions and place a condenser in the exhaust system to remove the vaporized limonene. By condensing and collecting, its consumption can be minimized. In any case, a slight amount of limonene is vaporized, but does not give any discomfort because it has a peculiar aroma (citrus odor).

The garbage in the form of slurry may be putrefied,
Since it does not emit odors, it is possible to store it for a certain period according to the capacity at each processing facility as described above, so it is necessary to perform the collection work for the final secondary processing on a daily basis Instead, it may be collected at regular intervals according to these storage capacities. Accordingly, labor-saving collecting work can be performed efficiently.

The collected garbage is subjected to a dehydration treatment such as centrifugation to remove as much water as possible, so that the subsequent treatment steps can be performed efficiently. The fluidity of the slurry depends on its water content and the amount of limonene added. The higher the fluidity, the more convenient it is for handling during collection work and the like, but the more the transported amount and the processed amount, the higher the cost. Therefore, even if the slurry is used, if there is no problem in handling the garbage, the amount of dewatering after crushing may be increased and the amount of limonene added may be reduced. As a method of the dehydration treatment, an appropriate method such as a squeezing method may be adopted depending on the properties of kitchen garbage and the like. When separating the collected slurry into solid and liquid components,
As for the solid content, such a low water content is advantageous in reducing the energy cost and the like of the subsequent carbonization step, and also affects the efficiency of recovering limonene from the liquid content. By adopting an appropriate method which is better, the efficiency can be further improved.

The solid content thus separated contains a small amount of water and a small amount of limonene, but is mainly composed of cellulosic material, and can reduce energy costs due to water, which has been a problem in the treatment of kitchen waste. In addition, since there is no harmful substance, there is no particular limitation on the subsequent treatment, and various existing facilities and methods can be applied. That is, since it is easily dried by a heat treatment because of a small amount of contained water, it can be incinerated. The carbide thus formed can be made into a fine and bulky carbide derived from cellulosic material by heating conditions, so that the surface activity is large and, in addition to the soil conditioner,
Various applications are expected.

Further, the liquid separated from the solid is first heated at a temperature lower than the boiling point of limonene to evaporate the water and separated. Although this water does not contain harmful substances, it accompanies the odor (aroma) of the contents including limonene, so it is usually condensed and collected in the form of water, and then discharged through a drainage facility.
Since the oil separated in the above step contains limonene, fats and oils, and proteins, the limonene is recovered in a normal state purified by evaporating limonene by elevating the temperature to the boiling point of limonene or more.

The limonene thus recovered is:
Since it is subjected to the distillation purification step, it has high purity and can be used again in the above-mentioned kitchen waste treatment step, so that the treatment cost can be greatly reduced. In addition, the residue remaining at the end contains mainly fats and oils and proteins at a high concentration, and contains almost no water, so that carbonization treatment or incineration treatment can be performed in the same manner as or simultaneously with the above-mentioned cellulosic solids. .

In the present invention, it is natural that the solids and the residue separated from the waste can be subjected to a suitable treatment method according to the respective compositions. In addition to the above-mentioned treatment methods, it can be detoxified by a known microorganism treatment method or used as a fermentation raw material. Alternatively, since the residue containing oils and fats can be separated into respective components,
Useful components can be utilized for each application.

In the above description, limonene was used as the solvent. However, as is apparent from these steps, the solvent in the present invention is used for the process of storing and transporting waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage. From the above necessity, it is required to have a preservative action, to be harmless even in contact with the human body in handling, and to be higher in boiling point than water and capable of being separated and recovered by a distillation method in a final recovery step.

As materials satisfying such conditions, in addition to terpenes such as limonene, acetates such as isopentyl acetate and propionates such as benzyl propionate, which are generally used as artificial flavors, There are compounds such as butyrate esters such as ethyl butyrate and butyl butyrate, and substances satisfying the above conditions, including substances generally known as terpenes, can be used. Therefore, from these substances, factors such as the solubility of fats and oils and proteins in waste, whether the difference in boiling point with water is suitable for separation / recovery by distillation, and operating costs such as the unit cost of solvent, etc. It should be adopted in consideration of.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a method and a system for treating waste containing organic matter such as kitchen waste according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an outline of an apparatus for crushing waste such as kitchen garbage, adding limonene to form a slurry, and performing a primary treatment up to storage in a tank in the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 10 denotes a collection container containing kitchen waste discharged from a kitchen or the like, ascends in the chamber 20 by a lift or the like as indicated by an arrow, and tilts on the hopper 21 to throw the kitchen waste into the hopper. . A crusher 25 is provided in the hopper, and the garbage is efficiently crushed into limonene and crushed to a certain particle size so as to be easily slurried. Next, the kitchen garbage is subjected to a predetermined amount of water such as adhered water (about 30 to 40%) by a preliminary dehydrator 26 such as a centrifugal separator.
The water removed and separated is discharged from below the dehydrator.

The dewatered garbage is put into the processing tank 30 together with limonene, and is constantly stirred by the stirring blade 32 driven by the motor 31. The garbage having a fixed particle size is dissolved in limonene by the action of limonene while being stirred, whereby the fats and oils contained therein are decomposed and dissolved in limonene.
In about an hour, the slurry (slurry) 40 in which solid contents such as cellulosic materials are uniformly mixed and dispersed is obtained. The chamber 20 is sealed so as not to emit the odor to the outside. However, in order to reduce the amount of the slurry to be stored as needed, a constant temperature (about 50 to 60 ° C.) is set by the heater 33.
By maintaining the heating state, the evaporation of water can be promoted, and the weight loss during slurry storage can be performed. By adding limonene, the garbage does not rot during storage, but it has the odor unique to garbage and is not necessarily odorless.
An exhaust device 27 provided with a deodorizing device is provided above the chamber.

In this way, the primary treatment apparatus can be installed near the source of waste such as kitchen garbage, and can store and store kitchen garbage for a certain period according to the capacity of the tank. The slurry stored in this manner is sucked and discharged from the discharge port 35 by a collection tank truck that circulates at regular intervals (two weeks to one month) according to its capacity, and the tank truck circulates. Slurry garbage can be collected from each customer having a primary processing unit.

FIG. 2 is a processing flowchart in the secondary processing facility. The collected slurry-like garbage is separated in a solid-liquid separation step 50 by centrifugation or squeezing into a liquid mainly composed of cellulosic solids and a liquid mainly composed of limonene in which decomposition products of fats and oils and proteins are dissolved and water. I do. The solid content is heated and dry-distilled / carbonized by a known method to reduce the weight and convert it to a useful material such as a soil conditioner, or, as is conventionally done, to remove the residue after methane gas generation by microbial treatment. It can be incinerated and incinerated. In the primary distillation step 60, the liquid component is heated at a boiling point of water of 100 ° C. or higher and a boiling point of limonene or lower to vaporize and separate water, and usually condenses the water and discharges it as water through a drainage facility 61.

Further, in the secondary distillation step 70, the oil from which water has been separated is vaporized and distilled at a temperature not lower than the boiling point of limonene to recover limonene. Although such a distillation method itself is known, the vaporized limonene is condensed and recovered and recovered as high-purity limonene, so that it can be used again in the above-mentioned waste treatment step, and the operating cost is greatly reduced. Can be reduced. Under actual operating conditions,
Almost 90% recovery is expected.

The distillation residue separated in the secondary distillation step contains oils and fats and substances derived from proteins at a high concentration, but does not itself contain harmful substances. Similarly, the carbonization treatment 71 can be performed. However, if a use is found due to the usefulness of the contained substance, the separation 72 can be performed for recycling.

[0026]

As described above, since the present invention is a safe and harmless treatment method, the treatment can be performed in the vicinity of the source of waste containing these organic substances.
Because it is possible to separate the primary treatment by slurrying waste that can be performed by small-scale equipment from the storage of the product and the final secondary treatment that performs relatively advanced treatment, it can be used in residential environments. Since it is possible to arrange treatment facilities corresponding to the near source and the location conditions suitable for the final treatment step, it is possible to meet the needs of environmental protection. In addition, the scope of application is not limited to the above-mentioned kitchen garbage and the like, and many changes are required in the field of various wastes including organic matter, for example, in the field of fish and shellfish processing facilities, animal and animal products processing facilities, etc. It is applicable without any need and contributes to the development of industry in response to future social needs.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a primary processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a secondary processing step.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Garbage collection container 20 Chamber 21 Hopper 25 Crusher 26 Dehydrator 27 Exhaust device 30 Processing tank 31 Motor 32 Stirrer blade 33 Heater 35 Discharge port 40 Slurried garbage 50 Solid-liquid separation process 51 Carbonization process 52 Microbial treatment 60 Primary distillation process 61 Drainage facility 70 Secondary distillation process 71 Carbonization treatment 72 Separation of useful substances

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C02F 11/12 B09B 3/00 304Z // B01F 7/04 ZAB F-term (Reference) 4D004 AA03 CA04 CA13 CA26 CA34 CA41 CA42 CC04 4D059 AA07 BB03 BE15 BE19 BH01 BH02 BH06 BK11 BK12 DB03 DB40 4D067 DD02 DD06 GA17 4D076 AA12 BA01 GA02 HA03 HA06 JA01 JA04 4G078 AB20 BA01 DA01 EA03

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage is crushed, and the crushed waste is converted into monoterpenes such as limonene, acetate such as isopentyl acetate, propionate such as benzyl propionate, and ethyl butyrate. A solvent consisting of at least one selected from the butyric acid esters is added to dissolve the fats and oils in the garbage, proteins and the like to form a slurry, and to suppress spoilage by microorganisms, and to solidify the slurried waste by centrifugation or the like. Waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage, characterized in that it is separated into a liquid component and a liquid component, and the liquid component is heated to vaporize and separate water, and then the heating temperature is increased to vaporize and separate the solvent. How to handle things. 2. A waste containing organic matter such as kitchen waste is crushed and dehydrated, limonene is added and stirred to dissolve fats and oils and proteins to form a slurry (slurry). Is subjected to a primary treatment of evaporating and reducing the amount of waste. Then, the slurried waste is separated into a solid content such as cellulosic and a liquid content by centrifugal separation, pressing, etc.,
The liquid component is heated at a temperature lower than the boiling point of limonene to vaporize and separate water, then the temperature is increased to vaporize limonene to separate and extract and collect.The previously separated solid content and limonene extraction residue are carbonized. A method for treating waste containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage, which comprises performing a secondary treatment. 3. The primary treatment is performed at a discharge source such as a restaurant or a hotel, and is stored for a certain period of time. The slurry stored at the discharge source is collected at regular intervals, and the collected slurry is transferred to a certain processing facility. A waste treatment system containing organic matter such as kitchen garbage, wherein the waste treatment system is integrated and performs the secondary treatment.