JP2002154317A - Vehicular air-conditioning device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicular air-conditioning device having a cycle arrangement for avoiding shortage of refrigerant due to flooding of the refrigerant, and for quickening the start of heating. SOLUTION: For a cooling operation, the vehicular air-conditioning device includes: a refrigerating cycle involving a refrigerant compressor 10, a first heat exchanger 13 for condensing the refrigerant, an expansion valve 15 converting the refrigerant into a gas-liquid mixture through restriction action, and a refrigerant evaporator 16 cooling and dehumidifying air by means of the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant at the expansion valve 15, with the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 10 without passing through a hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30; and a means for feeding the cooled and dehumidified air into the interior of the vehicle. For a warming operation, the device includes; a refrigerating cycle involving the refrigerant compressor 10, the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 heating hot water to condense the refrigerant, the expansion valve 15 converting the condensed refrigerant into a gas-liquid mixture through throttling action, and the refrigerant evaporator 16 cooling and dehumidifying air by means of the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant at the expansion valve, with the suction force of the refrigerant compressor used to remove the refrigerant flooding the first heat exchanger 13; a hot-water cycle involving as hot water type heater for heating the cooled can dehumidified air by means of hot water flowing out of the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger; and a means for feeding the heated air into t he interior of the vehicle.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle which is used for air conditioning of a vehicle equipped with a fuel direct injection type internal combustion engine or an electric vehicle which has less waste heat than a conventional vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is a technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-197937 as an air conditioner for a vehicle such as an electric vehicle which has a small waste heat. This technology made use of a combustion heater in a cold region to compensate for the lack of heat pump heating capacity. In addition, the existing heater unit equipped with a conventional hot water heater is used to reduce costs.In particular, in the dehumidifying and heating system, a condenser hot water heater that exchanges heat with hot water is installed in the engine room instead of a sub-condenser instead of a condenser. It is a technology that installs and gives the heat radiation of the condenser to the hot water to increase the heating capacity.

[0003]

However, in the above technique,
The flow path of the hot water is changed to improve various performances such as cooling. Therefore, it has to be controlled through water having a large heat capacity, and fine control cannot be performed.

In the cooling operation, since the refrigerant passes through the refrigerant / water heat exchanger, the refrigerant temperature is relatively high, and it cannot be said that the cooling capacity is maximized.

[0005] On the other hand, since there is no means for recovering the refrigerant stagnated in the outdoor heat exchanger, the refrigeration cycle may not function when the stagnant refrigerant is large.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. It is an object of the present invention to provide a dehumidifying and heating system in which a refrigerant hot water heater is installed in an engine room and a condenser heater is provided. This is a technology intended to increase the heating capacity without providing an auxiliary heat exchanger in the room by giving the heat release amount to the hot water, and has a cycle configuration different from the technology disclosed in JP-A-8-197937, that is, ( 1) The cooling operation is not affected by the hot water by not flowing the refrigerant to the refrigerant hot water heater during the cooling operation, and the cooling operation can be performed.
(1) The use of expensive hot water flow control valves is not required, and (3) Temperature control is not performed with hot water having a large specific heat, but is performed through a refrigerant having a small specific heat. (4) A mechanism for collecting the refrigerant by sucking the stagnant refrigerant in the first heat exchanger during operation to prevent refrigerant shortage is provided. (5) Starting up using the work load of the refrigerant compressor as a heat source. It is an object of the present invention to propose a vehicle air conditioner having a cycle configuration for realizing that heating can be quickly started by using a good heat source.

Another object of the present invention is to prevent the first heat exchanger from functioning in the basic cycle and to reduce the heat absorption efficiency of the first heat exchanger when the heat absorption efficiency of the first heat exchanger is reduced due to freezing or the like. By adding a cycle that functions as a heat exchanger, it is possible to improve the heating capacity by absorbing external heat in the first heat exchanger. At the same time, the refrigerant in the refrigerant evaporator whose heat absorption efficiency has been reduced due to freezing or the like is thawed so that the heat absorption efficiency can be recovered. Furthermore, when using an additional cycle, the first heat exchanger freezes particularly at extremely low temperatures, and the heat absorption efficiency tends to decrease.However, by switching the additional cycle to the basic cycle, the refrigerant evaporator whose heat absorption efficiency has recovered can be used. The purpose of the present invention is to make it possible to recover the first heat exchanger whose heat absorption efficiency has been reduced by using it again. In any case, another object of the present invention is to propose an air conditioner for a vehicle which can freely switch between a basic cycle and an additional cycle so as to improve the heating capacity even at extremely low temperatures.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an accumulator before sending the refrigerant to a refrigerant compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant, or to remove the refrigerant condensed by a hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle air conditioner having a cycle configuration in which a refrigerant shortage is eliminated by arranging a receiver dryer before sending the refrigerant to an expansion valve that forms a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action. Further, the present invention provides a vehicle air conditioner having a cycle configuration capable of preventing a condensed liquid refrigerant from being sucked into a refrigerant compressor when a refrigerant laid down in a first heat exchanger is sucked and collected. It is to be.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce the number of parts and space used by valves and the like and the cost by switching the cycle set during heating operation and the cycle set during cooling operation using a four-way valve. The purpose is to aim.

[0010] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a combustion heater or an electric heater as a heat source of a hot water cycle even when hot water cannot be heated by heat generated from an engine as in an electric vehicle. An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner that can be mounted on an electric vehicle and has the features of the present invention described above.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An air conditioner for a vehicle according to the present invention compresses and discharges a refrigerant during a cooling operation, cools the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor and condenses the refrigerant. A first heat exchanger, an expansion valve for converting the refrigerant condensed in the first heat exchanger into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, and air generated by the vaporization heat of the refrigerant converted to a gas-liquid mixture by the expansion valve. A refrigerant evaporator for cooling and dehumidifying the refrigerant, and the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor does not pass through the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, and a means for sending the cooled and dehumidified air to the vehicle interior. On the other hand, during the heating operation, the refrigerant compressor compresses and discharges the refrigerant, heat exchanges the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor with the hot water, heats the hot water, and condenses the refrigerant. The hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger An expansion valve that converts the refrigerant condensed by the exchanger into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttle action, and the refrigerant evaporator that cools and dehumidifies air by the evaporation heat of the refrigerant that has become the gas-liquid mixture with the expansion valve. A refrigeration cycle having a path through which the refrigerant laid down in the first heat exchanger is removed by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor;
Circulating the hot water heated by the heat exchanger, the hot water-a hot water cycle comprising a hot water heater for heating the air that has been cooled and dehumidified by the hot water flowing out of the refrigerant second heat exchanger; and Means for sending air into the vehicle interior.

Further, in the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the present invention, during a cooling operation, a refrigerant compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant, and a first heat exchange for cooling the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor and condensing the refrigerant. Device, an expansion valve that converts the refrigerant condensed in the first heat exchanger into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, and a refrigerant that cools and dehumidifies air by heat of evaporation of the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture by the expansion valve Equipped with an evaporator, and a refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor does not pass through the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, and means for sending the cooled and dehumidified air to the vehicle interior, During the heating operation, the refrigerant compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, heat exchanges the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor with the hot water, heats the hot water, and condenses the refrigerant. (2) heat exchanger, condensed by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger An expansion valve for converting the compressed refrigerant into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, and the refrigerant evaporator for cooling and dehumidifying air by the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture with the expansion valve; and (1) The first refrigeration cycle having a path in which the refrigerant laid down in the heat exchanger is removed by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor, or the refrigerant compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor The hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the hot water to heat the hot water and condense the refrigerant, and gas-liquid mixing of the refrigerant condensed by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger by a throttling action. A second refrigeration cycle including an expansion valve to be a body, and a first heat exchanger for evaporating the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture at the expansion valve;
A refrigeration cycle having switching means capable of variably selecting one of the two, and the hot water heated by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger is circulated, and the hot water-refrigerant flows out of the second heat exchanger. A hot water cycle comprising a hot water heater for heating the air dehumidified by cooling with the hot water, and a means for sending the heated air into a vehicle compartment.

Further, in the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention, an accumulator may be arranged before sending the refrigerant to a refrigerant compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant, or a hot water-refrigerant may be used.
(2) It is preferable to arrange a receiver dryer before sending the refrigerant to an expansion valve that converts the refrigerant condensed by the heat exchanger into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action.

Further, in the air conditioner for a vehicle according to the present invention, the refrigerant and the hot water are exchanged heat by a refrigerant compressor which compresses and discharges the refrigerant, which is set during the heating operation, thereby heating the hot water and condensing the refrigerant. From the first path to the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, to the first heat exchanger that cools the refrigerant and condenses the refrigerant from the refrigerant compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, which is set during the cooling operation. The hot water-refrigerant, which is set during the cooling operation, from the third path for switching the second path and setting during the heating operation and removing the refrigerant laid in the first heat exchanger by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor. A four-way valve for simultaneously performing the two switching operations of switching the fourth path from the second heat exchanger to the refrigerant compressor.

Further, the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention is characterized in that a combustion heater or an electric heater is provided as a heat source of the hot water cycle.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a plurality of embodiments using the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention will be described.

First Embodiment FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a cycle configuration during a cooling operation, and FIG. 2 shows a cycle configuration during a heating operation. It is shown. The vehicle air conditioner 1 is used as a manual air conditioner or an automatic air conditioner of a vehicle equipped with a fuel direct injection type internal combustion engine, which has particularly low waste heat.

First, the configuration of the first embodiment will be described. During cooling operation, the vehicle air conditioner 1 includes a refrigeration cycle 2 in which a refrigerant circulates, a means (not shown) for sending cooled and dehumidified air into a vehicle interior, as described with reference to FIG.

The refrigeration cycle 2 includes a refrigerant compressor 10 for compressing and discharging the refrigerant, and a refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 10 for four.
After passing through the second path 20 of the one-way valve 12, the first heat exchanger 13 for cooling and condensing the refrigerant, the backflow prevention valve 14 arranged for the purpose of preventing the backflow, and the condensation in the first heat exchanger 13 Expansion valve 15, expansion valve 15 that converts the cooled refrigerant into a gas-liquid mixture by the throttle action
A refrigerant evaporator 16 that cools and dehumidifies air by the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture, and an accumulator that is arranged to prevent liquid refrigerant from being sent to the refrigerant compressor 10.
Consists of 17 and others. At this time, the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 10 does not pass through the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30. If it passes, the refrigerant temperature becomes relatively high during the cooling operation, and the cooling capacity cannot be maximized.

The refrigerant compressor 10 converts a low-temperature low-pressure gas refrigerant into a high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant.

The first heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser in the refrigeration cycle 2.

When the accumulator 17 shown in FIG. 1 is installed, a fixed orifice type or the like is used for the expansion valve 15.

The refrigerant evaporator 16 vaporizes the refrigerant which has become a gas-liquid mixture, and cools and dehumidifies the air passing through the refrigerant evaporator 16 by the heat of evaporation at that time.

Means for sending the cooled and dehumidified air into the vehicle compartment include a duct (not shown) for sending air into the vehicle compartment, a blower (not shown) for blowing air in the duct, and control means therefor. (Not shown).
The refrigerant evaporator 16 is installed in this duct.

During the heating operation, the vehicle air conditioner 1 operates as shown in FIG.
The system includes a refrigeration cycle 4 in which a refrigerant circulates, a hot water cycle 3, and means (not shown) for sending cooled, dehumidified and heated air into the vehicle interior.

The refrigeration cycle 4 includes a refrigerant compressor 10 that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, and a hot water-refrigerant that exchanges heat between the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 10 and hot water to heat the hot water and condense the refrigerant. The heat exchanger 30, the backflow prevention valve 31, the expansion valve 15 that turns the refrigerant condensed by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 into a gas-liquid mixture by the throttle action, A refrigerant evaporator 16 for cooling and dehumidifying air by evaporating heat, an accumulator 17 arranged to prevent liquid refrigerant from being sent to the refrigerant compressor 10, and a refrigerant compressor laid down in the first heat exchanger 13 It consists of a path that is removed by 10 suction forces.

In the present embodiment, the path through which the refrigerant stagnated in the first heat exchanger is removed by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor is defined as the first heat exchanger 13, the third path 23 of the four-way valve 12, and the reverse flow. This is a path that is connected in order of the check valve 32, the accumulator 17, and the refrigerant compressor 10, which are arranged for the purpose of prevention.

The refrigerant compressor 10 and the refrigerant evaporator 16 are the same as those described for the cooling operation and are commonly used. The expansion valve 15 may be a collective valve having the function of an expansion valve.

The hot water cycle 3 is a waste heat absorbing section 4 for an internal combustion engine.
0, hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30, hot water circulation pipes 42, 43, 4
4, a circulation pump (not shown) for circulating hot water, a hot water heater 41 for heating the air cooled and dehumidified in the refrigerant evaporator 16 by the hot water flowing out of the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30, and the like. Is done.

The internal-combustion-engine waste heat absorbing section 40 includes a cooling water jacket or the like that absorbs a heat source generated by the operation of the internal combustion engine and heats hot water to a predetermined temperature.

As the hot water used in the hot water cycle 3, an antifreeze (for example, an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol) is used.

The means for sending the heated air into the cabin includes a duct (not shown) for sending air into the cabin, a blower (not shown) for blowing air in the duct, and a control means ( (Not shown) and the like, and are used in common with those in the cooling operation.

Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described. The cooling operation will be described with reference to FIG.

The refrigeration cycle 2 operates as follows. The refrigerant compressor 10 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant to a high-temperature high pressure. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows through the second valve 12
After passing through the path 20, heat is exchanged with the outside air in the first heat exchanger 13 functioning as a condenser, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is cooled and condensed. The liquid refrigerant passes through a backflow prevention valve 14 arranged for the purpose of preventing backflow, and then is formed into a vapor-liquid mixture which is easily evaporated by an expansion valve 15. The refrigerant that has become the gas-liquid mixture in the expansion valve 15 evaporates in the refrigerant evaporator 16 and removes heat from the air around the refrigerant evaporator 16 to cool the air. At this time, the air is cooled and dehumidified. The vaporized refrigerant is separated from the mixed liquid by the accumulator 17, and only the gas refrigerant is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 10.

In the refrigerating cycle 2, the refrigerant does not pass through the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30. Therefore, the refrigerant is not affected by the hot water and does not needlessly become hot. In addition, during the cooling operation, the cooling operation is controlled using only a refrigerant having a small heat capacity, so that the controllability is superior to a cycle having a configuration in which the control is performed via hot water.

The air that has been cooled and dehumidified passes through the hot water heater 41 that is not heated by the hot water without exchanging heat and is sent into the vehicle interior. As a result, the vehicle interior is in a cooling state.

Next, the operation of the first embodiment during the heating operation will be described with reference to FIG. The refrigeration cycle 4 operates as follows. The refrigerant compressor 10 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant to a high-temperature high pressure. After the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passes through the first path 24 of the four-way valve 12, the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 exchanges heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant and the hot water to heat the hot water and The high-pressure gas refrigerant is condensed into a low-temperature liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant passes through a check valve 31 disposed for the purpose of preventing a backflow, and then is formed into a vapor-liquid mixture which is easily evaporated by the expansion valve 15. The refrigerant that has become the gas-liquid mixture in the expansion valve 15 evaporates in the refrigerant evaporator 16 and removes heat from the air around the refrigerant evaporator 16 to cool the air. At this time, the air is cooled and dehumidified. The vaporized refrigerant is separated from the mixed liquid by the accumulator 17, and only the gas refrigerant is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 10.

At this time, the heat generated by operating the refrigerant compressor 10 is transmitted to the refrigerant, and has the effect of further heating the refrigerant. While it takes time until the heat can be supplied to the warm water from the waste heat absorbing section 40 of the internal combustion engine immediately after the start of the engine and heating, the rise of the refrigerant compressor 10 is relatively fast, and the heat can be supplied to the warm water early. . Therefore, the heating capacity can be ensured immediately after starting the engine and heating. Further, even during the heating operation, the heating operation is controlled using a refrigerant having a small heat capacity, so that the controllability is superior to a cycle having a configuration in which the control is performed via hot water.

On the other hand, the first heat exchanger 13 is not operated in the refrigeration cycle 4. However, since the first heat exchanger 13 may have a stagnant refrigerant, and the refrigerant may run short, the refrigerant stagnated in the first heat exchanger 13 is supplied to the refrigerant compressor.
The refrigerated refrigerant is returned to the refrigeration cycle 4 by providing a path that is removed by the suction force of 10.

The warm water cycle 3 operates as follows. The hot water that has absorbed heat in the internal combustion engine waste heat absorbing section 40 passes through a hot water circulation pipe 42 by obtaining a water supply power of a circulation pump (not shown),
The gas refrigerant which has been adiabatically compressed and has become high temperature and high pressure by absorbing the heat generated by the refrigerant compressor 10 and the hot water / refrigerant second heat exchanger 30
Is heat exchanged into high temperature water. The high-temperature water passes through the hot-water circulation pipe 44 and is sent to the hot-water heater 41. Here, the air that has been cooled and dehumidified by the refrigerant evaporator 16 is heated, and the high-temperature water becomes low in temperature through heat exchange. The low-temperature hot water passes through the hot water circulation pipe 43 and returns to the internal combustion engine waste heat absorbing section 40 again.

The heated dehumidified air is supplied to a duct (not shown).
Air is blown into the vehicle interior by an internal blower (not shown), and the vehicle interior is heated.

[Second Embodiment] This vehicle air conditioner 1
Aims to improve the heating capacity especially in cold regions.

First, the configuration of the second embodiment will be described. During the cooling operation, the vehicle air conditioner 1 performs cooling by a refrigeration cycle equivalent to that of the first embodiment, a unit (not shown) for sending cooled and dehumidified air into the vehicle interior, and the like.

FIG. 3 shows a cycle configuration during a heating operation in the second embodiment. Vehicle air conditioner 1
Is the first refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant circulates during the heating operation
8, a second refrigeration cycle 5, a hot water cycle 3, means (not shown) for cooling, dehumidifying and sending heated air into the vehicle interior. Note that the first refrigeration cycle 8 and the second refrigeration cycle 5 are selected by switching means that can variably select one of them.

The first refrigeration cycle 8 includes a refrigerant compressor 10 for compressing and discharging the refrigerant, a hot water-refrigerant for exchanging heat between the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 10 and hot water to heat the hot water and condense the refrigerant. The second heat exchanger 30, the backflow prevention valve 31, the stop valve 50, the expansion valve 15 and the expansion valve 15 which turn the refrigerant condensed by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action
A refrigerant evaporator 16 that cools and dehumidifies air by the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture, an accumulator 17 that is arranged to prevent liquid refrigerant from being sent to the refrigerant compressor 10,
And a path through which the refrigerant laid down in the first heat exchanger 13 is removed by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor 10.

The second refrigerating cycle 5 includes a refrigerant compressor 10 for compressing and discharging the refrigerant, a hot water-refrigerant for exchanging heat between the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 10 and hot water to heat the hot water and condense the refrigerant. The second heat exchanger 30, the backflow prevention valve 31, the stop valve 51, an expansion valve 52 that turns the refrigerant condensed by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, and a gas-liquid mixture with the expansion valve 52 A first heat exchanger 13, a non-return valve 32, and a refrigerant compressor
It is composed of an accumulator 17 and the like arranged to prevent the liquid refrigerant from being sent to the pump.

The path where the stop valve 51 and the expansion valve 52 are installed is installed so as to bypass the check ring 14.

The refrigerant compressor 10, the expansion valve 15, the refrigerant evaporator 16,
Means for sending the hot water cycle 3, the internal combustion engine waste heat absorbing section 40, the hot water, and the heated air to the vehicle interior are described in the first section.
This is as described in the embodiment.

Next, the operation of the second embodiment will be described. The operation during the cooling operation is the same as that in the first embodiment. During the cooling operation, the stop valve 50 is always open.

The operation of the second embodiment during the heating operation will be described with reference to FIG. The first refrigeration cycle 8 is equivalent to that of the first embodiment.

The second refrigeration cycle 5 operates as follows. The refrigerant compressor 10 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant to a high-temperature high pressure. After the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passes through the first path 24 of the four-way valve 12, the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 exchanges heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant and the hot water to heat the hot water and The high-pressure gas refrigerant is condensed into a low-temperature liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant passes through a check valve 31 arranged for the purpose of preventing back flow, then passes through a stop valve 51, and is formed into a vapor-liquid mixture which is easily evaporated by an expansion valve 52. The refrigerant that has become the gas-liquid mixture in the expansion valve 52 evaporates in the first heat exchanger 13 and removes heat from the air around the first heat exchanger 13 to cool the air, and the refrigerant is vaporized. The vaporized refrigerant is separated from the mixed liquid by the accumulator 17, and only the gas refrigerant is cooled by the refrigerant compressor 10.
Is sucked.

In the first refrigeration cycle 8, the first heat exchanger 13 does not function, but in the second refrigeration cycle 5, the first heat exchanger 13
13 functions as an evaporator.

The switching between the first refrigeration cycle 8 and the second refrigeration cycle 5 is performed by opening and closing a stop valve 50 and a stop valve 51 as described below. That is, when operating the first refrigeration cycle 8, the stop valve 51 is closed and the stop valve 50 is opened. On the other hand, when operating the second refrigeration cycle 5, the stop valve 51 is opened and the stop valve 50 is closed. Thereby, either one of the first refrigeration cycle 8 and the second refrigeration cycle 5 can be variably selected.

The first refrigeration cycle 8 and the second refrigeration cycle 5 are selected and switched as follows. That is, when the first refrigeration cycle 8 is considered as a basic cycle, in a cold region, it is considered that the refrigerant evaporator 16 in FIG. In this case, switching to the second refrigeration cycle 5 switches the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30
In order to conduct the heat of the refrigerant to the hot water, heat exchange is performed to secure the heating capacity. At this time, since the refrigerant evaporator 16 is not operating, the refrigerant is heated by air or the like circulated from the vehicle interior, the frozen portion is thawed, and the heat absorption efficiency is restored. Meanwhile, the first
The heat exchanger 13 is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the refrigerant, and is cooled by the outside air in a cold region and is frozen to lower the heat absorption efficiency.
The efficiency and the heating capacity of the refrigeration cycle 5 also decrease. In this case, the first refrigeration cycle 8 is switched again to the first heat exchanger 1
Thaw the frozen part of 3 to restore endothermic efficiency. By performing the above switching alternately, it is possible to maintain the heating capacity in a cold region without lowering the heating capacity.

The switching timing is desirably controlled in consideration of the degree of freezing of the refrigerant evaporator 16 and the first heat exchanger 13 and the recovery of heat absorption efficiency by thawing, but the second refrigeration cycle 5 has a dehumidifying function. Therefore, it is desirable to set the first refrigeration cycle 8 as a basic cycle.

In both the first refrigeration cycle 8 and the second refrigeration cycle 5, the heat generated by operating the refrigerant compressor 10 is transmitted to the refrigerant, and has the effect of further heating the refrigerant. As in the first embodiment, it takes time until the heat can be supplied to the hot water from the waste heat absorbing section 40 of the internal combustion engine immediately after the start of the engine and the heating. On the other hand, the rise of the refrigerant compressor 10 is relatively fast and early. Heat can be supplied to hot water. Therefore, the heating capacity can be improved immediately after the start of the engine and the heating.

In the case where there is stagnant refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 13, the refrigerant stagnated in the first heat exchanger 13 by the first refrigeration cycle 8 in the same manner as in the first embodiment is subjected to the suction power of the refrigerant compressor 10. It is possible to remove the stagnation refrigerant by providing a path for removing the stagnation refrigerant and returning the stagnation refrigerant to the first refrigeration cycle 8 or by activating the second refrigeration cycle 5 to circulate the refrigerant in the cycle. .

The hot water cycle 3 is the same as in the first embodiment, even when either the first refrigeration cycle 8 or the second refrigeration cycle 5 is operated.

The heated dehumidified air is supplied to a duct (not shown).
Air is blown into the vehicle interior by an internal blower (not shown), and the vehicle interior is heated.

[Third Embodiment] FIG. 4 shows a cycle configuration during a heating operation in the third embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows a cycle configuration during a cooling operation in the third embodiment.

First, the configuration of the third embodiment will be described in comparison with the first embodiment. In the first embodiment and the third embodiment, the refrigeration cycle during the cooling operation, the means (not shown) for sending the cooled and dehumidified air into the vehicle interior, the refrigeration cycle during the heating operation, the cooling and dehumidification and heating are performed. Means (not shown) for sending air into the vehicle compartment are the same, but differ in the following points. That is, in the first embodiment, the excess refrigerant is stored in the accumulator 17 of FIG.
This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the excess refrigerant is stored in the receiver dryer 18 shown in FIG. When an accumulator is installed, a fixed orifice type expansion valve is used, whereas when a receiver dryer is installed, it is preferable to install a temperature-sensitive variable valve type expansion valve.

Next, the operation of the third embodiment will be described in comparison with the first embodiment. The operation of the first embodiment and the operation of the third embodiment are almost the same, but differ in the following points. That is, during the cooling operation, in the refrigeration cycle 6 of FIG. 5, after the liquid refrigerant passes through the check valve 14 arranged for preventing the backflow, the gas refrigerant is removed by the receiver dryer 18 and only the liquid refrigerant is removed. Is sent to the expansion valve 15 and is formed into a gas-liquid mixture that is easily evaporated by the expansion valve 15. Further, since the accumulator 17 of FIG. 1 is not provided, the refrigerant vaporized in the refrigerant evaporator 16 is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 10 as it is. Therefore, whether the accumulator 17 is installed as shown in FIG. 1 or the receiver dryer 18 is installed as shown in FIG. 5 is the same for the purpose of storing surplus refrigerant, but the accumulator 17 converts the liquid refrigerant. Removed gas refrigerant only and refrigerant compressor
In contrast, the receiver dryer 18 removes the gas refrigerant and only the liquid refrigerant expands the expansion valve 15.
It is different in that it has the effect of being sent to In any case, whether to use the first embodiment or the third embodiment is appropriately selected depending on a vehicle type or the like.

On the other hand, during the heating operation, after the liquid refrigerant passes through the check valve 31 arranged for the purpose of preventing the back flow in the refrigeration cycle 7 of FIG.
Gas refrigerant is removed by the
It is sent to 15 and is made into a gas-liquid mixture that is easily evaporated by the expansion valve 15. Further, since the accumulator 17 of FIG. 1 is not provided, the refrigerant vaporized in the refrigerant evaporator 16 is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 10 as it is. The factor for determining whether to select the accumulator 17 or the receiver dryer 18 is the same as in the cooling operation.

It should be noted that an accumulator is installed or
Alternatively, whether to install a receiver dryer
It is possible to apply to the second embodiment. However, when the refrigeration cycle 5 of FIG. 3 in the second embodiment is operated, there is no place to store the surplus refrigerant, so that it is more preferable to install an accumulator.

The first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment
1 to 5 showing the embodiment of the present invention, a four-way valve 12 is provided for switching between a cooling operation and a heating operation. That is, the hot water-
The first path 24 to the refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 is set during the cooling operation, the second path 20 is switched from the refrigerant compressor 10 to the first heat exchanger 13, and the first path is set during the heating operation. From the third path 23 for removing the refrigerant laid down in the heat exchanger 13 by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor 10, a fourth path from the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger 30 to the refrigerant compressor 10 set during the cooling operation. twenty one
The switching is performed using a four-way valve to perform the two switchings simultaneously.

By using a four-way valve, it is possible to reduce the number of parts used such as the valve, the space used, and the cost.

[Fourth Embodiment] Especially when the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle in which waste heat cannot be sufficiently taken out unlike a vehicle equipped with a fuel direct injection type internal combustion engine which always has waste heat. Will be described.

As a configuration different from the first to third embodiments, in the case where there is no waste heat absorbing section 40 for the internal combustion engine, as an alternative, in some cases, additional heat is supplied to the hot water cycle 3 to perform heating. Install a combustion heater (not shown) or an electric heater (not shown). As a result, the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention can be applied to an electric vehicle that cannot sufficiently collect waste heat.

The embodiment described above shows one mode of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting.

[0070]

According to the present invention, a refrigerant hot water heater is installed in an engine room in a dehumidifying and heating system, the amount of heat released from the condenser is given to the hot water, and the heating capacity is increased without providing an auxiliary heat exchanger in the room. (1) Cooling operation is not affected by hot water by not flowing refrigerant to the refrigerant hot water heater during cooling operation, enabling cooling operation. (2) Do not use expensive hot water flow control valve with (1), (3) Temperature control is not performed with hot water having a large specific heat, but through a refrigerant having a small specific heat, enabling fine control, (4) A mechanism for recovering the refrigerant by sucking the stagnant refrigerant of the first heat exchanger during operation is provided to prevent the shortage of the refrigerant, and (5) Good start-up using the work load of the refrigerant compressor as a heat source. Use of heat source enables early rise of heating I was able to realize.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the first heat exchanger does not function during the basic cycle during the heating operation and the heat absorption efficiency of the refrigerant evaporator is reduced due to freezing or the like, the first heat exchanger is not operated.
(1) By adding a cycle that makes the heat exchanger function as a refrigerant evaporator, the first heat exchanger absorbs external heat and directs it to hot water heating to maintain the heating capacity without reducing it Was completed. At the same time, it was possible to recover the heat absorption efficiency by defrosting the refrigerant in the refrigerant evaporator whose heat absorption efficiency decreased due to freezing or the like. Furthermore, when using an additional cycle, the first heat exchanger freezes particularly at extremely low temperatures, and the heat absorption efficiency tends to decrease.However, by switching the additional cycle to the basic cycle, the refrigerant evaporator whose heat absorption efficiency has recovered can be used. By using it again, it was possible to recover the first heat exchanger with reduced heat absorption efficiency. That is, by making it possible to freely switch between the basic cycle and the additional cycle, it was possible to maintain the heating capacity even at a very low temperature.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, an accumulator is provided before the refrigerant is sent to the refrigerant compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant, or the hot water-refrigerant
By arranging a receiver dryer before sending the refrigerant to an expansion valve that converts the refrigerant condensed by the heat exchanger into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, the shortage of the refrigerant was solved. First
It was possible to prevent the liquid refrigerant condensed from being sucked into the refrigerant compressor after providing a path for sucking and collecting the refrigerant laid down in the heat exchanger.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the cycle set during the heating operation and the cycle set during the cooling operation are switched by the four-way valve, so that the parts and space used by the valve and the like can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. I was able to plan.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when hot water cannot be heated by heat generated from the engine as in an electric vehicle, a combustion heater or an electric heater is provided as a heat source of the hot water cycle. Claims 1 to 4 which can be mounted on an electric vehicle.
A vehicle air conditioner having the features of the described invention could be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of a cycle configuration during a cooling operation according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of a cycle configuration during a heating operation according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of a cycle configuration during a heating operation according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a case where a first refrigeration cycle and a second refrigeration cycle are provided.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a cycle configuration during a heating operation according to the present invention, showing a case where a receiver dryer is installed.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a cycle configuration during a cooling operation according to the present invention, showing a case where a receiver dryer is installed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, Vehicle air conditioners 2, 4, 6, 7, Refrigeration cycle 5, Second refrigeration cycle 8, First refrigeration cycle 3, Hot water cycle 10, Refrigerant compressor 12, Four-way valve 13, First heat exchanger 14 , Check valve 15, expansion valve 16, refrigerant evaporator 17, accumulator 18, receiver dryer 20, second path 21, fourth path 23, third path 24, first path 30, hot water-refrigerant second heat exchange Units 31, 32, check valve 40, internal combustion engine waste heat absorbing section 41, hot water heaters 42, 43, 44, hot water circulation pipes 50, 51, stop valve 51, stop valve 52, expansion valve

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A refrigerant compressor for compressing and discharging refrigerant during a cooling operation, a first heat exchanger for cooling the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor and condensing the refrigerant, and a first heat exchanger. An expansion valve that converts the refrigerant condensed in to a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, and a refrigerant evaporator that cools and dehumidifies air by the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture with the expansion valve; and The refrigerant discharged from the compressor includes a refrigeration cycle that does not pass through the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, and means for sending the cooled and dehumidified air into the vehicle interior. The hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the hot water and the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor to heat and condense the refrigerant. The refrigerant condensed by the refrigerant second heat exchanger is throttled Expansion valve for the liquid mixture, and provided with the refrigerant evaporator air by evaporation heat of the refrigerant becomes gas-liquid mixture to wet cooling divided by said expansion valve,
And the refrigerant laid down in the first heat exchanger, a refrigeration cycle provided with a path that is removed by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor, and circulates the hot water heated by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, A hot water cycle comprising a hot water heater for heating the air dehumidified by cooling by the hot water flowing out of the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger; and a means for sending the heated air into a vehicle cabin. An air conditioner for a vehicle, comprising: 2. A refrigerant compressor for compressing and discharging refrigerant during a cooling operation, a first heat exchanger for cooling the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor and condensing the refrigerant, and a first heat exchanger. An expansion valve that converts the refrigerant condensed in to a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, and a refrigerant evaporator that cools and dehumidifies air by the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture with the expansion valve; and The refrigerant discharged from the compressor includes a refrigeration cycle that does not pass through the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, and means for sending the cooled and dehumidified air into the vehicle interior. The hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the hot water and the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor to heat and condense the refrigerant. The refrigerant condensed by the refrigerant second heat exchanger is throttled Expansion valve for the liquid mixture, and provided with the refrigerant evaporator air by evaporation heat of the refrigerant becomes gas-liquid mixture to wet cooling divided by said expansion valve,
The refrigerant that has stagnated in the first heat exchanger is discharged from the first refrigeration cycle having a path that is removed by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor, or a refrigerant compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, and is discharged from the refrigerant compressor. The hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanges the refrigerant and the hot water to heat the hot water and condense the refrigerant.
A heat exchanger, an expansion valve that converts the refrigerant condensed by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger into a gas-liquid mixture by a throttling action, and a first valve that evaporates the refrigerant that has become a gas-liquid mixture by the expansion valve. A second refrigeration cycle including a heat exchanger; and a refrigeration cycle including a switching unit that can variably select any one of the following: a refrigeration cycle that circulates the hot water heated by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger; -A hot water cycle including a hot water heater for heating the air that has been cooled and dehumidified by the hot water flowing out of the refrigerant second heat exchanger; and a means for sending the heated air into a vehicle interior. Characteristic vehicle air conditioner. 3. An accumulator is provided before the refrigerant is sent to a refrigerant compressor which compresses and discharges the refrigerant, or the refrigerant condensed by the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger is subjected to gas-liquid mixing by a throttling action. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a receiver dryer is arranged before sending the refrigerant to an expansion valve to be a body. 4. A hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger, which is set during a heating operation and exchanges heat between the refrigerant and hot water from a refrigerant compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant to heat the hot water and condense the refrigerant. A second path from the first path to the first heat exchanger, which is set at the time of the cooling operation, is set from the refrigerant compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant and cools the refrigerant and condenses the refrigerant, and heating. From the third path that is set during operation and removes the refrigerant laid in the first heat exchanger by the suction force of the refrigerant compressor, from the hot water-refrigerant second heat exchanger that is set during cooling operation 4. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a four-way valve for simultaneously switching the two of the fourth path to the compressor. 5. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a combustion heater or an electric heater as a heat source of the hot water cycle.