JP2002126118A - Water screen device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water screen device capable of a planar plan having a high degree of freedom and capable of a safer refuge plan. SOLUTION: In this water screen device 4 for forming a fireproof division in an inside space 3 of an artificial structure 1, the device is provided with a pair of rising fireproof walls 27 composed of an incombustible material, arranged on both sides for sandwiching a passage 21, and forming an upper opening space 31 between the passage 21 and the ceiling 29, a fireproof division member 39 continuously arranged along the passage 21 in the ceiling wing 37, and suspended between an inside upper surface of the ceiling wing 37 and the ceiling 29, a pair of water spraying piping 41 arranged along the passage 21 in the ceiling wing 37 by sandwiching the fireproof division member 39, and a water spraying head group 47 connected to this water spraying piping 41, arranged on a ceiling surface in two rows along the pair of respective rising fireproof walls 27, and individually spraying water just above the rising fireproof walls.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water screen device capable of forming a fire compartment without using a fire shutter or a fire door.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a space in a building constructed by architecture or civil engineering, a fire protection section is formed to divide the space into a plurality of parts in order to prevent a fire from spreading from a fire space to an adjacent space. Is done. In such a building, a fire prevention section is constructed by constructing a skeleton of the building, that is, a slab that partitions each floor and a wall that partitions the space of each floor in a fireproof structure. Of these, fire doors, smoke and fire prevention screens, and wet screens (spraying the screen with water spray to exhibit fire resistance), etc., are provided at the doorway openings provided in the fire wall, and can be opened and closed. Was composed.

[0003]

However, since the above-described fire shutters and fire doors are fixed equipment having a large weight and dimensions, the burden on the building frame is large, and the factors that reduce the degree of freedom in planar design are as follows. Had become. The fire shutters and fire doors keep the heat and smoke generated by the fire inside the compartment and do not flow out of the compartment, so the inside of the compartment becomes hot when a fire occurs, and the fire walls that make up the fire compartment become hot. This could be an obstacle for evacuation and fire extinguishing. In addition, the fire compartment was filled with black smoke due to the fire and visibility became poor, so it was impossible to see the inside of the fire compartment and it became an obstacle for evacuation and fire extinguishing. In addition, if an object is placed on the fire shutter or the closed part of the fire door,
Since the shutters and the like cannot be completely closed, a fire prevention compartment was not formed, and there was a danger that the fire would spread. The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and allows for a high degree of freedom in plan of a plane, and enables a safer evacuation plan.
Moreover, an object of the present invention is to provide a water screen device capable of cooling a fire space and reducing heat transfer.

[0004]

A water screen device according to the present invention for attaining the above object is a water screen device for forming a fire protection section in a space in a building, comprising a passage made of a noncombustible material. A pair of upstanding fire walls provided on both sides of the ceiling to form an upper open space between the ceiling and the ceiling; And a fire prevention partition member vertically suspended between the ceiling and the ceiling, a pair of water spray pipes provided along the space with the fire prevention partition member therebetween and supplied with water of a predetermined water pressure, and And a water spray head group provided in a plurality of rows connected along each of the pair of standing firewalls and spraying water just above the standing firewalls.

In this water screen device, a pair of standing fire walls is provided on both sides of the space, and an upper open space immediately above the standing fire wall is shielded by water spray to form a fire compartment. For this reason, a fire section can be formed without using a fire wall, a fire shutter, a fire door, or the like, and a plan with a high degree of freedom can be achieved. Further, compared with the case where the fire prevention shutter is closed, there is no obstacle to the view and the action, the evacuation direction can be easily grasped, and a safer evacuation plan can be made. This also allows for efficient fire fighting. Further, when a fire occurs, the fire space is cooled by water spray discharged from the water spray head group, and heat transfer such as radiation and convection heat transfer to the adjacent section is reduced. Further, since the construction can be performed only by providing the water spray pipe in the ceiling, the height of the ceiling can be suppressed small.

In this water screen apparatus, individual water spray heads provided in, for example, two rows along the standing fire wall are arranged in a regular manner, for example, in a staggered manner, and each water spray head is arranged adjacent to the opposing row. Located between the two water spray heads. Therefore, the overlap of the water sprays conically discharged from each water spray head is reduced, and the maximum water screen can be formed with the minimum necessary number of water spray heads.

Further, the water screen device is characterized in that the water spray head group is covered by a shield provided on the ceiling surface, for example, a lid, and is exposed to the internal space by opening the lid.

In this water screen apparatus, the water spray head group is normally covered by a lid provided on the ceiling surface, and when the water is discharged, the lid is opened to expose the water spray head group and discharge the water. It is possible. That is, the water spray head group is not normally exposed, so that the beauty of the ceiling surface is not impaired.

In this water screen device, the upright fire barrier is a low partition made of a non-combustible material.

In such a water screen device, a low partition made of a non-combustible material is used as a standing fire wall, the position of the space is set universally, and it is possible to prevent a combustible material from being placed in the space. become.

Further, the water screen device is characterized in that the standing fire wall is a storage cabinet made of a noncombustible material.

In this water screen device, a storage cabinet made of a non-combustible material is used as a standing fire wall, the position of the space is set universally, and it is possible to prevent a combustible material from being placed in the space. And storage space can be secured at the same time.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of a water screen device according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the water screen device according to the present invention in a direction orthogonal to the space, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the water screen device shown in FIG. 1 in a direction parallel to the space, FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a water screen device installed on a floor having a blower, FIG. 5 is a plan view of a water screen device installed on a floor without a blower, and FIG. 6 is provided with a lid that covers a group of water spray heads. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fireproof partition member vertically suspended from the ceiling, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a concave ceiling.

In an internal space 3 of a building (for example, a high-rise office building) 1, a water screen device 4 for forming a fire protection compartment is provided. As shown in FIG. 4, a triangular blowout 5 is provided at the center of the internal space 3. A peripheral circuit 7 is provided around the blowout 5. Offices 9, 11, and 13 are provided on each side of the air outlet 5. Elevator halls 15, 17, and 19 are provided at each corner of the internal space 3. The water screen device 4 is provided, for example, in a passage 21 connecting each of the elevator halls 15 and 17 and the peripheral circuit 7.

In addition, the water screen device 4 includes:
As shown in FIG.
In the case of the internal space 25 provided with the peripheral circuit 7, the internal space 25 may be provided over the peripheral circuit 7 and the three passages 21, 21, 21 connected to the peripheral circuit 7.

As shown in FIG. 1, the water screen device 4 has a pair of standing fire walls 27, 27 on both sides of a space, for example, a passage 21, in a building. The standing fire barrier 27 is provided continuously. The standing firewall 27,
It is made of non-combustible material and has an upper open space 31 between it and the ceiling 29.
To form The standing fire wall 27 can be a low partition made of a non-combustible material. Further, the standing fire wall 27 may be a storage cabinet made of a non-combustible material. In short, any material may be used as long as it is made of a non-combustible material, the position of the passage 21 is set universally, and it is possible to prevent a combustible from being placed in the passage 21. When the storage cabinet is used as an upright fire wall, a storage space is also secured at the same time.

The internal space 3 is formed between a lower slab 33 and an upper slab 35. The upper part of the internal space 3
The ceiling 29 is formed by the ceiling 29 and the upper slab 35. As shown in FIG.
7, a fire-blocking member 39 is vertically provided between the inner upper surface (the lower surface of the upper floor slab 35) and the ceiling 29. The fire prevention partition member 39 is continuously provided on the ceiling 37 along a substantially central portion of the width of the passage 21. Therefore, the ceiling 37
In this case, the fire spread trying to cross the passage 21 is prevented by the fire-prevention section member 39.

The ceiling 37 is provided with a pair of water spray pipes 41, 41 with a fire prevention partition member 39 interposed therebetween. The water spray pipes 41, 41 are piped along the passage 21 with a ceiling 37. The water spray pipe 41 is suspended from the upper floor slab 35 by a stud bolt 43 or the like. The water spray pipe 41 may be a single water supply system or may be the same system as a separately provided sprinkler system. In addition, in FIG. 3, 42 shows a lighting fixture.

A plurality of water spray heads 45 are connected to the water spray pipes 41, 41.
And exposed at the lower surface of the ceiling 29. The plurality of water spray heads 45 constitute a water spray head group 47. The water spray head 45 is arranged in two rows along each of the pair of upright fire walls 27, 27 and the ceiling 29.
The water spray is provided directly on the standing fire walls 27, 27. As the water spray head 45, one that enables conical or fan-shaped water spray is used. Water is discharged from the water spray head 45 in accordance with the operation of fire equipment such as sprinklers, and is operated based on information from a smoke sensor or a heat sensor, or when the temperature near the water spray head 45 exceeds 70 ° C. In addition, it is performed according to the building conditions.

The water spray heads 45 provided in two rows along each of the pair of standing fire walls 27, 27 are, for example, staggered. The water spray heads 45 are arranged between two adjacent water spray heads 45 in an opposing row by being staggered. Therefore, each water spray head 45
The overlap of the water sprays 49 discharged conically from the water is reduced, and the maximum number of water sprays 45 can be formed with the minimum necessary number of water spray heads 45.

The structure of the ceiling 29 to which the water spray head group 47 is attached can be configured in various forms. For example, as shown in FIG.
9 and is exposed to the internal space 3 below the ceiling 29 by opening the lid 53. By taking such a form, the water spray head group 47 is normally covered with the lid 53 provided on the ceiling 29 surface when water is discharged, and the lid 53 is opened when water is discharged. It is exposed and becomes ready for water discharge. That is, at normal times, the water spray head group 47 is not exposed, so that the beauty of the ceiling 29 is not spoiled.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the fire protection partition member 39 may penetrate from the ceiling wall 37 to the ceiling 29 and may be suspended from the lower surface of the ceiling 29. By adopting such a configuration, the fire protection section by the fire protection section member 39 and the fire protection section by the water screen 51 discharged from the water spray head group 47 overlap in the vertical direction, and the fire protection section member 39 is only in the ceiling pocket 37. The fire prevention performance on the lower surface of the ceiling 29 is improved as compared with the case where it is provided.

As shown in FIG. 8, the water spray head group 47 includes a concave ceiling 5 formed higher than the other ceiling 29 surfaces.
5 may be provided. In this case, the concave ceiling 55 is formed along the passage 21. With this configuration, the water spray head group 47 is arranged at a position higher than the ceiling 29 surface. Therefore, ceiling 2
The water spray 49 which has already been expanded is discharged from 9, so that the water screen 51 having a high density can be formed immediately below the ceiling 29, and the fire protection performance on the lower surface of the ceiling 29 is improved.

Next, the operation of the water screen device 4 will be described. Offices 9 and 1 adjacent to passage 21
When a fire occurs in any of the cases 1 and 13 and the heat detector is activated, the supply water to the water spray pipes 41 is pressurized and the water spray heads 45 discharge water. Water spray head 4
The water spray 49 discharged from 5 is used as the standing fire walls 27, 27.
Will be radiated. That is, the standing firewall 27, 2
The upper open space 31 between the upper end of 7 and the ceiling 29 is blocked by a water screen 51.

Therefore, the upper slab 35 and the lower slab 3
3, a fire compartment member 39 of a ceiling pocket 37, a water screen 51, and a standing fire wall 2.
7, 27 form a continuous vertical fire protection compartment.

The water screen 51 cuts off fire heat flow and radiant heat by the effect of floating and vaporizing water spray particles. That is, the spread of fire from one office room 9 across the passage 21 to the other office room 11 is prevented. This makes it possible to form a fire compartment that does not depend on the fire shutter and the fire door.

The main cause of the spread of the fire is that the hot air flow and the radiant heat generated from the fire cause the combustibles located at places other than the ignition point to become hot and ignite. The water screen device 4 has a small heat capacity of the fine water spray discharged by the water spray head group 47 and has a large volume / surface area ratio.
It becomes possible to cool a high-temperature fire air stream to a temperature without danger.

At the same time, the water spray particles that have not vaporized settle while floating in the fire protection compartment, thereby absorbing and scattering radiant heat, preventing flashover and increasing the temperature around the fire protection compartment. Keep at a level without danger.

In addition, the water screen device 4 has an effect of increasing visibility because the spray particles that settle while floating fall while adsorbing smoke generated by the fire and remove black smoke in the fire protection compartment. Furthermore, since the fire airflow is cooled, the smoke temperature of the smoke exhaust duct connected to the smoke exhaust port is prevented from rising, enabling continuous smoke exhaust and simplifying the heat insulation treatment of the duct.

As described above, according to the water screen device 4 described above, a fire prevention section can be formed without using a fire wall, a fire shutter, a fire door, and the like, and a plan with a high degree of freedom can be achieved. Further, compared with the case where the fire prevention shutter is closed, there is no obstacle to the view and the action, the evacuation direction can be easily grasped, and a safer evacuation plan can be made. This also allows for efficient fire fighting. Further, when a fire occurs, the fire space is cooled by the water spray 49 discharged from the water spray head group 47, and heat transfer such as radiation and convection heat transfer to the adjacent section is reduced. Water spray pipes 41, 41
The height of the ceiling 37 can be suppressed to a small value because the construction can be performed only by providing the ceiling. In addition, the water screen device 4 can be suitably used particularly for forming a fire prevention compartment in a room where a compartment in a room having a high-pressure difference, a cubic or a passing door is not provided.

[0031]

Next, a description will be given of the result of verifying the performance of preventing a fire from spreading from a fire section to an adjacent section by using a water screen device configured as described above. For the evaluation, the radiation heat flux cutoff rate and the properties of the high-temperature smoke layer near the ceiling were used. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the correlation between the cutoff ratio of the water screen to radiation and the heat generation rate, and FIG. 10 is a graph showing the correlation between the ceiling temperature and the distance from the fire source. In addition, the F row and the M row in FIG. 10 represent the installation rows of the water spray head.

[Conditions of Experiment] The passage width was 1.6 m. The fire tray was installed at a position of 3 m in a direction perpendicular to the passage from the center of the passage. A non-combustible low partition having a width of 6.3 m and a height of 70 cm was used as the standing fire wall. A single row of non-combustible vertical walls of 30 cm was installed on the middle ceiling of the water spray head group. The pitch of the water spray head was 1 m, and the staggered arrangement was used. A K-type thermocouple was used for measuring the temperature of the ceiling surface and the inside of the hot pan.

As an experimental procedure, a fire plate was ignited by an ignition rod, and after 3 minutes, water discharge from a group of water spray heads was started.
Six minutes after the ignition, the water discharge was stopped together with the burning out of the fire plate due to burnout.

FIG. 9 shows the cutoff rate when the water discharge pressure from the water spray head group is kept constant and the heat generation rate is changed under these conditions. As can be seen from FIG. 9, no difference is observed between the surface fire source and the line fire source, and there is a large difference in the cutoff rate between the single-line water discharge and the double-line water discharge. That is, it was found that the cutoff rate was increased by increasing the total water discharge amount.

As shown in FIG. 10, the temperature near the ceiling was found to be suppressed from rising after the water was released behind the water screen after the water was released, and was substantially equal to the predicted temperature. That is, it was confirmed that the fire compartment formed by the water screen device had practicality. FIG.
In 0, the X axis refers to an axis orthogonal to the passage.

[0036]

As described above in detail, according to the water screen device of the present invention, a pair of standing fire walls are provided on both sides of the passage, and a plurality of rows of water sprays are provided just above the standing fire walls. The head group is installed on the ceiling along the standing fire wall, so there is no need to install a fire wall, fire shutter, or fire door to form a fire compartment, enabling a highly flexible floor plan. can do. In addition, since the upper open space above the standing fire wall is shielded by water spray, the visibility and actions are not obstructed when the fire prevention shutter is closed, so that the evacuation direction can be easily grasped, A safer evacuation plan is possible.
And this also allows for efficient fire fighting.
Furthermore, in the event of a fire, the water spray particles discharged from the water spray head group have the effect of cooling the fire space, and reduce heat transfer such as radiation and convection heat transfer to adjacent compartments. it can. In addition, since it is only necessary to provide a water spray pipe in the ceiling, the height of the ceiling can be kept small, and a wide effective use space can be secured.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a water screen device according to the present invention in a direction orthogonal to a space (passage).

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in a direction parallel to a passage of the water screen device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a ceiling wall.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a water screen device installed on a floor having a blow-off.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a water screen device installed on a floor without blow-off.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a ceiling provided with a lid covering a group of water spray heads.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fire-prevention section member suspended from a ceiling.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a concave ceiling.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing a correlation between a cutoff rate of a water screen against radiation and a heat generation rate.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing a correlation between a ceiling temperature and a distance from a fire source.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Artificial workpiece, 3 ... Internal space, 4 ... Water screen device, 21 ... Space part (passage), 27 ... Standing fire wall,
29: ceiling, 31: upper open space, 37: ceiling, 39
... Fire prevention compartment members, 41 ... Water spray piping, 47 ... Water spray head group, 53 ... Shielding plate (lid), 55 ... Ceiling ceiling

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Izumi Doihara 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shinji Kasai 1-2-chome Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. 7 F-term in Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (reference) 2E189 CA05

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A water screen device for forming a fire prevention section in a space inside a building, comprising: a pair of water spray pipes provided along the space and supplied with water at a predetermined water pressure; A water spray device, comprising: a plurality of rows of water spray heads connected to the spray pipe and provided on a ceiling surface of the space portion for individually spraying water. 2. The space section is partitioned from a non-combustible material,
2. The water screen device according to claim 1, wherein a pair of standing fire walls is provided on both sides of the space portion, and an open space is formed in an upper portion. 3. The water screen device according to claim 1, wherein a fire-prevention partition member is provided vertically along a substantially central portion of the space. 4. The water screen device according to claim 1, wherein the water spray head group is covered by a lid, and is exposed to the internal space when the lid is opened. 5. The water screen device according to claim 2, wherein the standing fire barrier is a low partition made of a non-combustible material. 6. The water screen device according to claim 2, wherein the standing fire wall is a storage cabinet made of a non-combustible material.