JP2002082339A - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display where alignment defect generated due to the formation of a columnar spacer, when an alignment layer is subjected to rubbing treatment, is prevented, and display quality is enhanced. SOLUTION: The columnar spacer 32 is formed into a conical trapezoidal shape, which becomes gradually narrower in the direction toward the tip thereof. Then the optimum columnar spacer 32 can be formed by satisfying the conditions of a<=θ<=90 deg. and a=tan-1 (h/((L1-L2)/2)), where the height of the columnar spacer 32, the length of the lower bottom on a second substrate 23 side of the columnar spacer 32, the length of the upper bottom on the tip side of the spacer, an angle formed by the bottom surface and the side surface of the spacer and the lowest angle are defined as h, L1, L2, θ and a, respectively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional liquid crystal display device has a pair of substrates facing each other, and the space between the substrates is kept constant by spacers. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a conventional liquid crystal display device 1. The liquid crystal display device 1 shown in FIG. 8 is, for example, an active matrix type liquid crystal display device, and has a first substrate 2 and a second substrate 3. The first substrate 2
On a transparent substrate 4, a thin film transistor (Thin film Tran)
A sistor (hereinafter abbreviated as TFT) is formed by stacking an active element such as an element, a TFT circuit layer 5 including a gate wiring and a source wiring, an insulating layer 6, a picture element electrode 7, and an alignment film 8 in this order. The second substrate 3 is configured by laminating a color filter layer 10, a counter electrode 11, and an alignment film 12 on a transparent substrate 9 in this order. Two substrates 2, 3
Are the beads 1 with the alignment films 8 and 12 facing each other.
3 keeps a constant substrate interval (hereinafter, referred to as a cell gap), and the substrates are bonded with a sealant. Liquid crystal 16 is filled between the two substrates, and the liquid crystal injection port is sealed with a sealant. Beads 13 having a small particle size
The spacer is scattered on the alignment film of one of the substrates 2 and 3 as a spacer. In addition to the beads 13, there is a liquid crystal display device using a fiber as a spacer.

[0003]

In a configuration in which beads or fibers are used as spacers of a liquid crystal display device, it is difficult to uniformly disperse the spacers. If the spacers are not evenly distributed, the display contrast is reduced and color unevenness is caused. Occurs. Further, it is difficult to dispose the spacer at a specific position, and light leaks from the spacer disposed in a picture element area directly related to display, and the contrast of display is reduced.

In view of the above problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-73088 discloses a method in which columnar spacers are formed by photolithography or the like and the cell gap is kept uniform by using the columnar spacers.
Further, there is disclosed a liquid crystal display device in which the shape of the columnar spacer is formed in consideration of the prevention of orientation disorder due to rubbing treatment and the pressure resistance of mechanical strength against rubbing, and the columnar spacer is formed within the range of the light shielding layer. I have.

However, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-73088, although the uniformity of the cell gap is improved and the alignment defect in the rubbing direction is suppressed by changing the shape of the columnar spacer, the columnar shape actually formed is not changed. A misalignment region exists in a considerable area around the spacer. Therefore, it is necessary to hide the deterioration of the display quality in this region with a light-shielding film, which causes a decrease in the aperture ratio. Further, when the size of the columnar spacer is reduced in order to reduce the defective alignment region, the adhesion of the columnar spacer to the supporting substrate is reduced, and a significant restriction is imposed on the configuration of a product.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device which prevents an alignment defect at the time of a rubbing process caused by forming a columnar spacer and further improves display quality.

[0007]

According to the present invention, a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates that are opposed to each other with a predetermined space therebetween, and a columnar spacer is provided on one of the substrates on the liquid crystal layer side surface. Is formed, in a liquid crystal display device manufactured by pressing a pair of substrates at a predetermined press pressure, the columnar spacer has a frustum shape that becomes thinner toward the tip,
The liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the minimum angle a between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer is selected so that the deformation of the columnar spacer is equal to or less than a predetermined deformation rate.

On the surface of the substrate on which the columnar spacers are formed, an alignment film is formed. The alignment film is formed by stacking a liquid crystal alignment material layer on a substrate and performing a process called rubbing in which the surface is rubbed with a cloth or the like. For example, in a configuration in which an alignment film is formed on a columnar spacer whose side surface rises vertically, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a large area where rubbing cannot be performed occurs on the lower side of the alignment film in the rubbing direction, and large unevenness occurs in the rubbing. it can. In the present invention, the side surfaces are inclined because the columnar spacers have a truncated frustum shape that becomes thinner toward the tip, so that the rubbing treatment of the alignment film is more easily performed than in the case of a columnar spacer such as a rectangular parallelepiped,
Irregularities in the rubbing treatment can be reduced. Therefore, the display quality of the liquid crystal display device can be further improved.

In addition, since the minimum angle between the bottom surface and the side surface is selected so that the columnar spacer is deformed by the pressing pressure so as to have a predetermined deformation ratio or less, the cell gap can be accurately controlled.

Further, the present invention provides a liquid crystal in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval, and a columnar spacer is formed on the surface of one of the substrates on the liquid crystal layer side. In the display device, the height of the columnar spacer is h (μm), the length of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer on the substrate side is L1 (μm), and the length of the upper bottom of the tip side is L2 (μm).
And the angle formed between the lower bottom and the side surface of the columnar spacer is θ.
(°) and when the minimum angle is a (°), a ≦ θ
<90 °

[0011]

(Equation 2)

A liquid crystal display device characterized by satisfying the following conditions: According to the present invention, the angle θ formed between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer is equal to or more than the minimum angle a and smaller than 90 °. Further, the minimum angle a can be determined from the height h of the columnar spacer, the length L1 of the bottom surface, and the length L2 of the upper bottom. Therefore, a columnar spacer having an optimal shape can be formed.

In the present invention, the length L2 of the upper base is 3 μm.
m or more. According to the present invention, by setting the length L2 of the upper bottom of the columnar spacer to 3 μm or more,
The pressure resistance against the pressing pressure at the time of bonding the substrates is ensured.

In the present invention, the height h of the columnar spacer is
Is not less than 2.5 μm.

According to the present invention, the leak between the substrates can be reduced by setting the height h of the columnar spacer to 2.5 μm.

In the present invention, the length L1 of the lower base is 10
It is not less than μm and not more than 30 μm.

According to the present invention, by setting the length L1 of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer to be not less than 10 μm and not more than 30 μm, patterning is easy and pressure resistance against a pressing pressure at the time of bonding the substrates is ensured. You. Further, the aperture ratio does not decrease.

In the present invention, the columnar spacer is formed by laminating a plurality of resin layers.

According to the present invention, the columnar spacer is formed by laminating a plurality of resin films. For example, when a color filter layer is formed on one substrate, the columnar spacer is formed by simultaneously laminating the color filter layers. The spacer can be easily formed.

Further, in the present invention, the columnar spacer is formed by a photolithography method.

According to the present invention, the columnar spacer can be formed by a conventional photolithography method.

[0022]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device 20 is, for example, an active matrix type liquid crystal display device, and has a pair of first and second substrates 22 and 23 facing each other. First substrate 22
Is a circuit layer 2 including an active element such as a TFT, a gate wiring and a source wiring on one surface of a transparent substrate 24.
5, an insulating layer 26, a pixel electrode 27, and an alignment film 28 are laminated in this order. The second substrate 23 is formed by forming a color filter layer 30 and a counter electrode 31 on one surface of a transparent substrate 29, and stacking a columnar spacer 32 and an alignment film 33 thereon in this order.

The color filter layer 30 includes a first filter 30a, a second filter 30b, and a third filter 30c, which are resin layers. These color filter layers 30 are, for example, resin layers colored R (red), G (green), and B (blue), or C (cyan), M (magenta), and Y (yellow). It is composed of a resin layer. Also, on the surface of the color filter layer 30 on the liquid crystal layer side,
An overcoat layer may be formed in order to reduce a surface step caused by the color filter layer 30.

The shape of the columnar spacer 32 is
, And has a truncated pyramid shape that becomes thinner toward the tip. In the present embodiment, the truncated pyramid has a square cross section. As described above, the cross section may be polygonal, or the cross section may be circular and the columnar spacer 32 may be formed as a truncated cone. Further, the columnar spacer 32 is arranged, for example, in a light-shielding region of a TFT of a liquid crystal display device.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the angle between the bottom surface and the bottom surface of the columnar spacer 32 on the substrate side is defined as θ (°), and the angle between the bottom surface and the side surface is shown in FIG. If θ is smaller than the vertical, it becomes difficult to peel the alignment film 33 when it is formed, and the rubbing failure area during the rubbing process is reduced, but the area of the lower bottom, which is the bottom surface of the columnar spacer 32 on the substrate side, is increased. . Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, if the column spacer 32a is formed as a column spacer 32a in which the angle θ formed between the bottom surface and the side surface of the column spacer 32 is about 90 °, the ease of peeling is as shown in FIG. May be slightly inferior to the shape shown in FIG. 2, and the rubbing defect area in the rubbing process is larger than that in the shape shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 2C, if the columnar spacer 32 is formed as a columnar spacer 32b in which the angle θ formed between the bottom surface and the side surface is an angle equal to or greater than the vertical, the columnar spacer 32 peels off when the alignment film 33 is formed. In the rubbing process, the rubbing defect area becomes large, but the lower bottom area of the columnar spacer 32a is small.

Here, it is necessary to shield all light from the area of the lower bottom, which is the bottom surface on the substrate side, of the columnar spacer 32 formed at the position corresponding to the pixel portion, and the rubbing defect area.
Therefore, if the angle θ between the lower bottom and the side surface of the columnar spacer 32 is set to an extremely small angle, the area of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer 32 becomes large, so that the light-shielding area is almost the same as the rubbing defect area at an angle close to the vertical direction. Is required, and
Since the upper bottom, which is the bottom surface on the tip end side of the columnar spacer, has an excessively small area, the strength of the columnar spacer 32 against the pressing pressure is reduced.

Therefore, when the minimum angle between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer 32 is a (°), the angle θ between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer 32 is set to a ≦ θ <90 °. The liquid crystal display device 20 capable of performing cell gap control in which the strength against rubbing, the lower bottom area, the light shielding area, and the strength against press pressure are optimized.

Next, a method of determining the minimum angle a (°) will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the dimensions of the columnar spacer 32. The length L1 of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer 32 is the width of the bottom surface on the side fixed to the substrate. In the columnar spacer 32 of the present embodiment, the bottom surface is a square, and the length L1 of the lower bottom is one side of the bottom surface. When the bottom surface is circular, the length L1 of the lower bottom is a diameter. In addition, the length L2 of the upper base of the columnar spacer 32 is the length of one side of the front end surface. The height h of the columnar spacer 32 is a distance between the lower base and the upper base.

Here, the height h ≦ 10 of the columnar spacer 32
In the case of μm, the length L1 of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer 32 ≦ 1
Only when 5h, a ≦ θ <90 °. In other words, in the case where the height h of the columnar spacer 32 is h ≦ 10 μm, if the condition is not satisfied, the columnar spacer 32 is not peeled off even if θ = 90 °.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are views showing the shape of the columnar spacer 32 before and after the first and second substrates 22 and 23 are bonded. In the case of a (°) or less, if the height of the columnar spacer 32 after pressing is h ′, h ′ / h ≧ 95% cannot be maintained, so that a (°) must be specified. This minimum angle a is determined by the columnar spacer 3
2 is the angle between the lower base and the side surface at which the lower base forms the smallest angle, and is defined by the column height h and the lower base length L1 of the columnar spacer 32, and the upper base length L2 is 3 μm. The above case can be represented by the general formula f (h).

[0031]

(Equation 3)

In equation (1), the reason why the length L2 of the upper base is limited to 3 μm or more is that the first and second substrates 22 and
23, the pressure resistance against the pressing pressure at the time of lamination is reduced,
This is because cell gap control becomes difficult. That is, when the length L2 of the upper base is smaller than 3 μm, the length L2 of the upper base becomes 0 or about 5 μm due to a slight change in the exposure amount, and the column height h of the column spacer is smaller. This is because the swing becomes large and it becomes difficult to control the cell thickness.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the equation (1). Here, the height h of the columnar spacer 32 is 2.5
μm or more. This is because if the column height h of the columnar spacer 32 is 2.5 μm or less, the first substrate 22 and the second substrate
Leakage occurs frequently with the substrate 23, and it is difficult to realize uniform cell thickness, and the production efficiency is significantly reduced. Therefore, the column height h of the columnar spacer 32 is at least 2.5.
μm is required.

For this reason, the minimum angle a is set to f
(2.5) By forming the columnar spacers in a range of not less than 90 ° and less, defects during rubbing treatment can be reduced and a liquid crystal display device with improved display quality can be manufactured.

The lower length L1 of the columnar spacer is:
More preferably, the thickness is 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less. The length L1 of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer 32 is 10 μm.
If it is less than m, patterning becomes difficult, and the pressure resistance to press pressure decreases. On the other hand, the columnar spacer 32
When the length L1 of the lower base is 30 μm or more, the columnar spacer 3
2 becomes too large, which causes a decrease in the aperture ratio.

For this reason, rubbing strength, press pressure strength,
The range of the minimum angle a at which the alignment defect area and the cell gap controllability are optimal and the display quality of the liquid crystal display device is the best is:
The hatched portion shown in FIG. That is, the minimum angle a (°)
Is a value of f (2.5) or more and less than 90 ° obtained by substituting the height of the columnar spacer of 2.5 μm into Expression (1), and is a value satisfying the lower base length L1 of 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less.

Table 1 shows the length L of the lower base of the columnar spacer 32.
1 is 15 μm, and when the height h of the columnar spacer is 5 μm, the adhesiveness of the columnar spacer 32 when the angle θ formed between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer 32 is changed (easiness of peeling during rubbing); The change rate of the orientation failure area, the upper bottom width, and the height of the columnar spacer 32 after pressing are shown. The material of the columnar spacer 32 is JNPC43 (N
N700) was used.

[0038]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, it can be seen that, by increasing the angle θ between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer 32, the area of poor orientation is increased and the adhesion is reduced. what if,
Assuming that the angle θ between the bottom surface and the side surface is 120 °, FIG.
As shown in (c), the adhesion is greatly reduced, and the poorly-aligned region is also increased. However, when the angle θ between the bottom surface and the side surface is small, the upper base L2 is small, so that the deformation ratio is large and the strength against the pressing pressure is low. Therefore, the optimum angle θ between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer 32 at this time is 40 ° ≦ θ <90 °.

The columnar spacer 32 can be formed by applying a resin by spin coating, leaving a portion to be the columnar spacer 32 by photolithography, and removing the remaining portion by development. The angle θ between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer 32 can be changed by changing the conditions of exposure and development in the photolithography method. The conditions for the exposure and development in this photolithography are, for example, a large increase in the exposure amount, overexposure, and overdevelopment.

As described above, by forming the columnar spacers 32, the cell gap can be controlled with high accuracy, and a liquid crystal display device with improved contrast and good display quality can be obtained.

Further, according to the shape of the columnar spacer 32,
You may comprise so that a press pressure may be changed. Further, the columnar spacer 32 may be formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate 2.

The columnar spacer 32 can be formed not only by photolithography but also by lamination. When the lamination method is used, the cell gap controllability is further improved, the cell gap becomes uniform, and the display quality is further improved.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of a columnar spacer 42 of a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention using a laminating method. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is different from the liquid crystal display device 20 of the above embodiment only in the second substrate 23. In the present embodiment, the same parts as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

The columnar spacers 42 are formed by forming a red, green, and blue color filter layer 50R, 50G, and 50B as resin films on a second substrate 49 as one substrate by a laminating method, and at the same time, forming a red, green and green color filter layer. , Blue resin layer 49
R, 49G, and 49B are formed by laminating pyramids. FIGS. 7A to 7E show a method of forming the columnar spacer 42, and the method of forming will be described below.

First, as shown in FIG. 7A, a dry film 43 is prepared. The dry film 43 is formed by applying a colored photosensitive resin that is cured by, for example, ultraviolet rays onto a release sheet 44 and then drying it to form a resin film 45 to be a color filter layer. As the dry film 43, for example, a transer film manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. can be used.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, a dry film 4 composed of a release sheet 44 and a resin film 45 is formed.
3 is bonded to the transparent substrate 46 by pressing so that one surface 46a of the transparent substrate 46 and one surface 45a of the resin film 45 face each other. Thereafter, the release sheet 44 is peeled off as shown in FIG.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7D, a mask plate 48 having a mask portion 47a patterned on the transparent sheet 47 is arranged above the other surface 45b of the resin film 45 so as to be aligned. . The mask plate 48 includes a red color filter 50R of the resin film 45 and a red resin layer 49R.
And the other surface 45b of the resin film 45.
Are aligned above. Next, exposure is performed by irradiating ultraviolet rays from above the mask plate. Developing the resin film 45 in which the portions of the resin film 45 that become the red color filter layer 50R and the red resin layer 49R are hardened by the exposure,
As shown in FIG. 7E, the red color filter layer 50R
And a red resin layer 49R.

In the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment, a green color filter layer 50G and a green resin layer 49G are formed in the same manner as the red color filter layer 50R and the red resin layer 49R, and then the blue color Filter layer 50
B and a blue resin layer 49B are formed. As described above, a laminated resin layer (resin spacer) including the red resin layer 49R, the green resin layer 49G, and the blue resin layer 49B.
Reference numeral 42 denotes red, green, and blue color filter layers 50R and 50R.
G and 50B can be formed simultaneously in the process of forming them. Also, the red, green, and blue color filter layers 50R, 5R.
0G, 50B and laminated red, green, blue resin layers 49
R, 49G, and 49B are formed in the order of red, green, and blue, so that the thermosetting treatment can be performed efficiently.

The columnar spacer 42 formed with the steps in the pyramid shape by the above process is formed into a frustum shape similar to the columnar spacer of the embodiment as shown in FIG. 3 by the thermosetting process. As shown in FIG. 6, the columnar spacer 42 has a portion that protrudes from the surface 45b of the red, green, and blue color filter layers 50R, 50G, and 50B plays a role as a spacer. Therefore, the length L1 of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer 42 is the width of the portion protruding from the surface 45b of the red, green, and blue color filter layers 50R, 50G, and 50B. At this time, the angle θ formed between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer 42 is drawn by a straight line along the inclination of the columnar spacer 42 shown in FIG. 6, and this line is formed by the red, green, and blue color filter layers 50R, 50G, 50
The angle formed with the surface 45b of B.

As described above, the columnar spacer 42 is red,
By simultaneously forming the green and blue color filter layers 50R, 50G, and 50B, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device can be shortened. Further, the pressing pressure may be changed according to the shape of the columnar spacer 42. Further, since the columnar spacers 42 are formed by a lamination method, the cell gap controllability is further improved,
The display quality of the liquid crystal display device is further improved.

[0052]

According to the present invention, the columnar spacer has a truncated frustum shape that becomes thinner toward the front end, so that the side surface is inclined, so that the rubbing treatment of the alignment film is performed in comparison with the columnar spacer such as a rectangular parallelepiped. As a result, unevenness of the rubbing treatment can be reduced, so that the display quality of the liquid crystal display device can be improved.

Further, since the minimum angle between the bottom surface and the side surface is selected so that the columnar spacer is deformed by the pressing pressure so as to have a predetermined deformation ratio or less, the cell gap can be accurately controlled. The display quality can be further improved.

According to the present invention, the angle θ between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer is not less than the minimum angle a and is 90 °.
Smaller. Further, the minimum angle a can be determined from the height h of the columnar spacer, the length L1 of the bottom surface, and the length L2 of the upper bottom. Therefore, a columnar spacer having an optimal shape can be formed, and the display quality of the liquid crystal display device is improved.

Further, according to the present invention, by setting the length L2 of the upper bottom of the columnar spacer to 3 μm or more, the pressure resistance against the pressing pressure at the time of bonding the substrates is ensured.

Further, according to the present invention, by setting the height h of the columnar spacer to 2.5 μm, it is possible to reduce the leak between the substrates, thereby improving the display quality of the liquid crystal display device.

Further, according to the present invention, by setting the length L1 of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer to 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less,
Patterning is easy, and pressure resistance to a pressing pressure at the time of bonding the substrates is ensured. Further, since the aperture ratio does not decrease, the display quality of the liquid crystal display device is further improved.

According to the present invention, since the columnar spacer is formed by laminating a plurality of resin films, for example, when the color filter layer is formed on one substrate, the color filter layer may be laminated at the same time. Thereby, the spacer can be easily formed.

According to the present invention, since the columnar spacer can be formed by a photolithography method which has been conventionally used, it can be easily formed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a shape of a columnar spacer 32 in the liquid crystal display device 20 of FIG. 1, and FIG.
It is a figure which shows the columnar spacer 32a, (c) is a figure which shows the columnar spacer 32b.

FIG. 3 is a view showing dimensions of a columnar spacer 32 in the liquid crystal display device 20 of FIG.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating a columnar spacer 32 before bonding a substrate, and FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a shape of the columnar spacer 32 after bonding the substrate.

5 is a view showing a range of a minimum angle a at which an angle formed between a bottom surface and a side surface of the columnar spacer 32 in FIG. 4 is optimal.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a columnar spacer in a liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a manufacturing process of the columnar spacer 42 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a conventional liquid crystal display device 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

 22 First substrate 23 Second substrate 24, 29, 46 Transparent substrate 25 Circuit layer 26 Insulating layer 27 Pixel electrode 28, 33 Alignment film 30 Color filter layer 30a First filter 30b Second filter 30c Third Filter 31 Counter electrode 34 Liquid crystal 49R Red resin layer 49G Green resin layer 49B Blue resin layer 50R Red color filter layer 50G Green color filter layer 50B Blue color filter layer

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Chiba Dai F-term (reference) 2H089 LA10 LA11 NA14 QA15 TA12 5C094 AA42 AA43 BA03 BA43 CA19 CA24 EA04 EA05 EA07 EB02 EC03 ED03 JA09

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval, and a columnar spacer is formed on a liquid crystal layer side surface of one of the substrates. In the liquid crystal display device manufactured by pressing a pair of substrates, the columnar spacer has a truncated frustum shape that becomes thinner toward the tip, and the deformation of the columnar spacer by the press is equal to or less than a predetermined deformation rate. Wherein the minimum angle a between the bottom surface and the side surface of the columnar spacer is selected. 2. A liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates disposed to face each other at a predetermined interval, and a columnar spacer is formed on the surface of one of the substrates on the liquid crystal layer side. The height of the columnar spacer is h (μm), the length of the lower bottom of the columnar spacer on the substrate side is L1 (μm), the length of the upper bottom of the tip side is L2 (μm), and the height of the columnar spacer is The angle between the lower base and the side surface is θ (°), and the minimum angle is a (°).
Where a ≦ θ <90 ° A liquid crystal display device characterized by satisfying the following conditions. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the length L2 of the upper base is 3 μm or more. 4. The height h of the columnar spacer is 2.5 μm.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: 5. The length L1 of the lower base is 10 μm or more and 30
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the thickness is equal to or less than μm. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the columnar spacer is formed by laminating a plurality of resin layers. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the columnar spacer is formed by a photolithography method.
7. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 6.