JP2002011371A - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing machine capable of increasing the refuse crushing efficiency. SOLUTION: This crushing machine is of such a construction that at least two upper/lower rotary shafts 101, 102 are provided, in a freely rotating manner, inside a housing, and a plurality of cutters 27, 28 are installed in the shaft direction of each of the rotary shafts 101, 102 and each of the cutters 27, 28 is constituted of a boss 104 and a plurality of crushing teeth 111 raised in the circumferential direction of the outer area center of the boss 104. Each of the crushing teeth 111 is constituted of a base part 112 raised on the outer periphery of the boss 104, an edge consisting of a plane with an optional width formed at the crest part of the base part and a crushing area 114 which is obliquely formed on the shoulder part of the base part and gradually expands from one side to the other side.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher for a garbage truck that crushes general industrial waste or branches and leaves produced by the pruning of street trees, stores the crushed pieces in a drum, and discharges them at a predetermined place. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as a garbage collection vehicle for collecting industrial waste and garbage or the like obtained by chipping the branches and leaves of a street tree, a rotating drum is rotatably mounted on a chassis, and a shaft is mounted on an inner peripheral surface of the drum. A helical blade is provided along the direction, and when the drum rotates normally, trash that has been thrown in while being crushed by a crusher from the rear opening portion of the drum is sent to the front of the drum via the blade and stored in large quantities. Next, after transporting the dust to a predetermined waste place, the dust in the drum is sent out via a blade by reversing the drum at this place,
It is known to discharge from a rear opening of a drum.

A crusher for crushing dust is provided on a rear cover of a drum.
A refuse collection vehicle as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 01-001 has been developed.

This refuse collection vehicle accommodates refuse crushed by a crusher in a drum via a blade, and discharges the refuse to a predetermined place from a rear opening of the drum while dumping the drum when discharging. .

Meanwhile, in the garbage truck disclosed or disclosed in the above publication, the collected leaves and the like are finely crushed into chips by a crusher and stored in a drum.

In this case, as the crusher, for example, FIG.
0, the one shown in FIG. 11 is used. As shown in FIG. 11, the crusher includes a housing 100 formed of a frame provided on a back cover of a drum, and two upper and lower rotating shafts 101 and 102 provided in the housing 100 and driven to rotate by a motor or the like. And a number of cutters 103, 103 attached to the rotating shafts 101, 102 along the axial direction.

[0007] Each single cutter 103 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, the boss 104 is composed of a boss 104 and a large number of crushing teeth 105 erected along the circumferential direction at the center of the outer periphery of the boss 104.

The crushing teeth 105 of the cutter 103 are formed in a gear shape. Each of the crushing teeth 105 has a base 106 that stands up in the radial direction, a blade tip 107 formed of a narrow flat surface formed on the top of the base 106, and a base 106. And a crushing surface 108 formed of a wide rectangular smooth surface formed on the shoulder of the crushed tooth 105, and a curved recess 109 is formed between the crushing teeth 105. The radii X of the bosses 104 on both sides of the crushing teeth 105 are formed to be the same, and the heights of the outer surfaces 110 of the bosses 104 on both sides are the same.

When the cutters 103 are mounted on the rotating shafts 101 and 102, the outer and inner surfaces of the bosses 104 of the intermediate adjacent cutters 103 are in contact with each other, and the outer surfaces of the crushing teeth 105 of the cutters 103 at the end portions. And boss 104
Is close to the inner surface of the housing 100. Further, in the upper and lower cutters 103, 103, the crushing teeth 105 of the upper cutter 103 are rotatably fitted between the two lower crushing teeth 105, and the cutting edges 107 of the crushing teeth 105 are lower.
04 facing the outer surface 110 as well as the lower crushing teeth 105
Are fitted to the upper two crushing teeth 105.

For this reason, for example, when branches and leaves obtained by pruning a street tree are pushed into the housing 100 through a rear opening,
The branches and leaves penetrate, for example, between the lower two crushing teeth 105, 105. At this time, the upper crushing teeth 105 cut the cutting teeth 107 at the cutting edge 107, and further crush them into fine chips by crushing them at the crushing surface 108, Then, the chip-shaped refuse is pushed out from the opening on the front side in the drum direction.

[0011]

Problems to be Solved by the Invention FIG. 10 and FIG.
The crusher as shown in Fig. 1 is very excellent in that the dust is cut and formed into chips, but the surface pressure is wide because dust such as branches and leaves is crushed by the rectangular crushing surface 108. There is a problem that the crushing efficiency is poor because the stress is dispersed on the crushing surface and the stress is not partially concentrated.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a crusher capable of improving the efficiency of crushing dust.

[0013]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, at least two upper and lower rotating shafts are rotatably provided in a housing, and a cutter is provided on each rotating shaft along an axial direction. In a crusher comprising a large number of mounted bosses and a large number of crushing teeth erected along the circumferential direction at the center of the outer periphery of the boss, a base for raising the crushed teeth on the outer periphery of the boss, and a top of the base And a squeezing surface that is formed diagonally on the shoulder of the base and gradually expands from one side to the other side. is there.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In a refuse collection vehicle according to the present invention, a crusher crushes the branches and leaves discharged by pruning a street tree into chips. And send it to the drum via a blade and contain it,
Furthermore, it is suitable for discharging after transporting to a predetermined disposal place, but it can also be used for crushing general industrial waste with a crusher, storing it in a drum similarly, and discharging it further. is there.

As shown in FIG. 6, the refuse collection vehicle according to the present invention includes a storage drum 3 rotatably mounted on a chassis 1 of a vehicle A via a roller 2 in a normal direction or a reverse direction via a roller 2. Inside, a spiral blade along the axial direction is provided on the inner peripheral surface similarly to a known drum.

A fixed cover 4 is provided facing the rear opening of the drum 3. As will be described later, the fixed cover 4 has a dust input port and an opening window for discharging dust. A crusher 29 shown in FIG. 4 is provided at the dust inlet, and a hopper 6 provided with a chute 5 serving as a lid and a guide is provided opposite to the crusher 29, and further, is opposed to an opening window for discharging dust. A flow guide 7 is provided.

Thus, for example, the branches and leaves obtained by pruning the roadside tree are pushed into the hopper 6 by opening the lid 5 and crushed into chips by the crusher 29. After the drum 3 is rotated forward, the drum 3 After being transported to a predetermined place, the dust contained therein is transported to a predetermined location, then the drum 3 is reversed, sent out to the opening window side by the blade, and then discharged to the outside via the flow guide 7. .

Hereinafter, the structure of each mechanism will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. The chassis 1 of the vehicle A is provided with a pair of rollers 2, 2 on which a support ring 8 is mounted. The drum 3 is mounted so as to be rotatable in the normal rotation direction and the reverse rotation direction.

As is well known, the drum 3 is provided with a spiral blade 9 along the axial direction on its inner peripheral surface, and this blade 9 sends dust forward or backward when the drum 3 rotates.

At the center of the rear opening 10 of the drum 3 is integrally provided a seal pipe 12 having a blade 11 on its inner periphery. A bracket 13 orthogonal to the chassis 1 is fixed to the chassis 1, and an annular support frame 14 is fixed to the bracket 13 via brackets 15, 15.
The support frame 14 is a frame body 14 having a U-shaped cross section divided into two.
A projecting ring 16 formed at the rear of the drum 3 is rotatably fitted in the frame 14a.

An annular seal 17 made of rubber or the like is fixed to the front outer surface of the frame 14a via a stopper and an annular pressing plate 18, so that dust and the like in the drum 3 do not leak outside.

A plate-shaped fixed cover 4 facing the opening 10 of the drum 3 is fixed to the rear outer surface of the frame 14a via a fastener such as a bolt, and the opening 10 of the drum 3 is fixed by the fixed cover 4. Sealed.

The fixed cover 4 has a lower dust inlet 19, an upper left dust opening window 20 for discharging dust, and an upper viewing window 21 which are opposed to the inside of the drum 3 respectively. The viewing window 21 is an opening for inspecting the inside of the drum 3, and is usually closed by a cap 22.

A frame 24 provided with two upper and lower screwers 23 is inserted into the dust inlet 19 and is connected thereto.
A seal 26 supported by a presser plate 25 is provided on the outer periphery of the cover. Further, a crusher 29 provided with two upper and lower cutters 27, 28 is disposed behind the screver 23. The crusher 29 includes a frame 30 serving as a housing and a frame 30.
Cutters 27, 28 and cutters 27,
Motor 31 for rotationally driving the rotation shafts 101 and 102
The frame 30 is fixed on the chassis 1.

The detailed structure of the crusher 29 is shown in FIGS. This crusher 29, as in the prior art,
The upper and lower two rotating shafts 101,
A plurality of cutters 27 and 28 are attached to the rotating shafts 101 and 102 along the axial direction, respectively, and each of the cutters 27 and 28 stands at the center of the outer periphery of the boss 104 along the circumferential direction. Many broken teeth 11
1 and adjacent intermediate cutters 27 and 27,
28 and 28 abut each other via the outer surface and the inner surface of the boss 104, and the cutters 27 and 28 at the upper left end and the lower right end contact the inner surface of the frame 30 with the outer surface of the boss 104. They are close to each other with a gap of 5 to 1 mm.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned cutter 2
The diameter of the outer boss 104a of the inner boss 10
4b.

In the crusher 29, at least two upper and lower rotating shafts 101 and 102 are rotatably provided in a frame 30 serving as a housing.
In this case, the crushing teeth 111 of one of the upper and lower cutters 27 are replaced with the other cutter 28.
Between the two crushing teeth 111, and the cutting edge of each crushing tooth 111 is opposed to the outer surface of the boss 104 of the other party.

Among the above-mentioned cutters 27 and 28, the intermediate cutters 27 and 27, 28 and 28 are in contact with each other via the inner and outer surfaces of the boss 104. The outer surface of the outer boss 104a, the left outer surface of the crushing teeth, and the outer surface of the outer boss 104a of the cutter 28 at the rightmost end of the lower cutter group and the right outer surface of the crushing teeth 111 are close to the inner surface of the frame body 30, respectively. I have.

Each crushed tooth 1 in each cutter 27, 28
Numeral 11 stands radially from the center of the outer periphery of the boss 104, as shown in detail in FIGS. This crushed tooth 111
Is a base 112, a cutting edge 113 formed of a narrow flat surface formed on the top of the base 112, and a crushing surface 11 formed of a wide triangular smooth surface formed diagonally on the shoulder of the base 106.
The curved dent 115 is formed between adjacent crushing teeth.

The crushing surface 114 is formed in the shape of a right triangle, and the surface is gradually enlarged while being inclined from the inside to the outside. The crushing surface 114 is not necessarily a triangle as long as the surface gradually expands from one side to the other side.

According to the crushing teeth 111 described above, the dust put in by the cutting edge 113 is cut and then crushed by the crushing surface 114 as described later.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the branches and leaves P and the like fed from the hopper 6 are cut by the upper and lower cutters 27,
When pushed into the gap between the two cutters 28, for example, the tip of the branch P enters the gap between the two cutters 28, 28 in the lower cutter 28. At this time, the crushing teeth 111 of the upper cutter 27 enter the gap one after another while rotating, and first, the cutting edge 113 of the crushing teeth 111 bites into the trunk of the branch P from a sharp strainer. Pull in the back while cutting or breaking.

When the branches and leaves P further enter, the crushing teeth 111 are crushed, and the crushing surface 114 presses the outer surface of the branches and leaves P which has been cut along the gradually increasing area from the small area, and further presses the pressing surface. Crush surface 114 and lower cutter 2
The branch P is pressed against the outer surface of the boss 104 from above and below in the vertical direction 8 and crushed.

According to the crushing teeth 111 described above, even if the branches and leaves are hard and thick, the branches and leaves are first cracked or cut by the sharp cutting edge 113 and pulled in the depth direction while being cut. Further, the crushing surface 114 has a small area of the surface that first comes into contact with the branch P, and the contact surface gradually increases according to the rotation, so that the initial surface pressure is large and the fiber breaking effect and the crushing efficiency of the branch P are improved. Can be done.

Further, during the above operation, the cutter 27 at the left end of the upper cutter group and the cutter 28 at the right end of the lower cutter group are connected to the outer surface of the outer boss 104a and the outer surface of the crushing teeth 111, respectively. Is pressed in the direction of the inner surface of the frame 30. At this time, the diameter of the outer surface side boss 104a is increased to compensate for the crushing teeth 111, so that the load prevents the crushing teeth 111 from being cracked or broken. Is done.

Next, returning to FIGS. 6 to 9, another structure of the refuse collection vehicle will be described. As already mentioned,
A hopper 6 is provided at the rear of the crusher 29 so as to be able to move up and down in opposition thereto. For this reason, when the pruned leaves P and the like are manually pushed into the crusher 29 from the hopper 6 through the chute 5, the cutters 27 and 28 of the crusher 29 crush the branches P into chips and move them toward the screver 23. The chips on the extruder and the screver 23 are successively inserted into the input port 19.
The drum 3 is fed into the sheet pipe 12 through the blade 9 and is compressed and accommodated in front of the drum 3 by the blade 9 with the forward rotation of the drum 3.

The hopper 6 has a tapered cylindrical body 32, an opening 33 formed at the front of the cylindrical body 32, an opening 34 formed at the rear, and a hinge 35 at the lower rear end of the cylindrical body 32.
And a chute 5 which also serves as a guide, which is rotatably connected via a. The hopper 6 is connected via a bracket b to a support that normally stands on the chassis 1 side.

Further, a bracket 36 is provided on the lower surface of the cylindrical body 32 of the hopper 6 so as to face downward, and the bracket 36 is rotatably hinged to a leg 37 provided on the chassis 1, whereby the hopper 6 is rotated. The whole is mounted on the chassis 1 so as to be able to undulate.

The hopper 6 may be provided so as to face the crusher 29. However, the hopper 6 is provided so as to be freely raised and lowered for the purpose of checking the crusher 29, and the hopper 6 can be rotated rearward to check the crusher 29 during inspection. I can do it.

Further, the cylindrical main body 32 of the hopper 6 may be short, but in the case of dust longer than ordinary dust such as pruned branches, there is a possibility that the dust may protrude from the hopper 6, so It is preferable to lengthen the main body 32.

On the other hand, if the cylindrical main body 32 is long, there is a problem that the hand cannot be reached when the branch or the like is manually pushed into the crusher 29 side. Therefore, in the present invention, the cylindrical body 3
2 and a chute 5
And the chute 5 is usually used to
In the case of closing the entrance 2 and inserting a branch or the like, the chute 5 is rotated to a horizontal position as shown in FIG. 9 and the chute 5 is used as a guide to guide the branch or the like so that the branch or the like does not fall to the ground. Like that. Further, when the branches and the like are pushed into the cylinder main body 32 as required, the cylinder main body 32 can be manually pushed deeper by the short length.

Next, the flow guide 7 comprises a rectangular frame 39 having an opening 38, a chute 40 provided diagonally downward below the frame 39, a frame 39 and the chute 4.
And a housing 41 fixed over the housing 4
1 is provided with a lid 42 for a viewing window provided on the upper part of the housing 1 and a lid 43 serving also as a discharge chute is provided below the housing 41 via a hinge.

The frame 39 is fixed to the outer surface of the fixed cover 4, and the opening 38 faces the opening window 20 of the fixed cover 4. Thereby, the lid 43 is rotated downward through the hinge and opened, and when the drum 3 is reversed, dusts such as chips in the drum 3 are pushed out by the blade 9 and the opening window 20 is opened.
-It is discharged to the outside through the opening 38-the chute 40-the lid 43.

By providing the lid 43 in the flow guide 7, chips and the like can be discharged smoothly and uniformly, and the chips and the like can be guided to the rear of the vehicle by the length of the lid 43. For example, the vehicle can be stopped at a position far from the edge of the garbage disposal site including a large hole. Therefore, chips and the like can be discharged through the lid 43 at the stop position, so that the danger of the vehicle slipping into the hole by accident can be prevented.

Further, the housing 41 has an effect of preventing dust and the like from being scattered outside, and is preferable in appearance.

[0046]

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

That is, a crushed tooth is formed on the base of the boss, and a cutting edge formed on the top of the boss, and a squash formed on the shoulder of the base so that the surface gradually expands from one side to the other side. Since the input dust is gradually crushed from the narrow portion of the surface because of the configuration with the surface, the initial surface pressure is large and the crushing efficiency can be increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cutter in a crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway enlarged perspective view of the end cutter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a crushing tooth in the cutter of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional rear view of a part of the crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged side view showing a state in which a crushed tooth crushes a branch.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a refuse collection vehicle equipped with the crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the refuse collection vehicle of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged rear view of a cover of the refuse collection vehicle in FIG.

9 is an enlarged front view of a hopper of the refuse collection vehicle in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a cutter in a conventional crusher.

FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway longitudinal rear view of a conventional crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

 27, 28 Cutter 101, 102 Rotary axis 104 Boss 111 Crusher 112 Base 113 Cutting edge 114 Crush surface 115 Indentation

Claims (2)

[Claims] At least two upper and lower rotating shafts are rotatably provided in a housing, and a large number of cutters are mounted on each rotating shaft along the axial direction. In a crushing machine composed of a large number of crushed teeth standing upright, the crushing teeth are erected on the outer periphery of the boss, a cutting edge formed of a plane having an arbitrary width formed on the top of the base, and an oblique angle to the shoulder of the base. A crushing machine characterized by comprising a crushing surface which is formed on a surface and whose surface gradually expands from one side to the other side. 2. The crushing machine according to claim 1, wherein the crushing surface is a triangular surface whose surface is gradually enlarged from above to obliquely downward, and a curved recess is formed between adjacent crushing teeth. .