JP2001523580A - Parts manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] The disclosed method is a method of manufacturing a part from a band-shaped or narrow band-shaped metal material by a shearing method such as precision shearing. Is heated to any temperature (half-warming temperature) from 480 ° C. to 820 ° C. in the case of steel before shearing and precision shearing.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is based on German Patent Application No. 1972156.8 filed on November 25, 1997 and German Patent Application No. 19834510.0 filed on July 31, 1998, the priority of which is claimed. is there.

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a part by processing a metal material into a band shape or a narrow band shape by a shearing method such as precision shearing.

[0003]

[Prior art]

According to the German Industrial Standard DIN 8580, the precision shearing method, like the external shearing method, is positioned as one of the main groups of material separation. Such a precision shearing method is described, for example, in European Patent EP 85 810.
No. 5,31.5 or Swiss Patent CH 05683/84. Of course, to date, especially in the case of particularly thick steel materials or highly alloyed steel, it is not always possible to carry out precision shearing on the shear surfaces without inconvenient cracking. Furthermore, the non-burning warm tropical material having a high carbon content and / or alloying component cannot be precisely sheared without cracking at the shear surface. Also, many articles with very complex geometric shapes cannot be manufactured by processing associated with precision shearing methods.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention can solve the above-mentioned problem by executing the following method.

[0005] (1) A method of manufacturing a part from a band-shaped or narrow band-shaped metal material by a shearing method such as precision shearing or the like. 480 ° C in the case of steel
A preheating to an arbitrary temperature (half-heat temperature) from 1 to 820 ° C.

(2) A method of manufacturing a part from a strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped spiral piece by a shearing method such as precision shearing, and plastic-working the part. During the processing step, the strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped sliver pieces, in particular, the parts are heated to an arbitrary temperature (half-temperature temperature) of 480 ° C. to 820 ° C. in the case of steel, and maintained at that temperature. Component manufacturing method.

(3) The strip (1) or the strip formed of steel is maintained at an arbitrary temperature of 570 ° C. to 600 ° C. during manufacturing and processing. (2) The component manufacturing method according to (2).

(4) The component manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped spiral pieces and the component are heated by an induction heating method.

(5) The band-shaped or narrow band-shaped spiral piece is made of steel or other metal material, and has a plate thickness of 3 to 15 mm.
The method for manufacturing a component according to any one of the preceding claims.

(6) The component manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the punching tool and preferably the plastic working tool have been subjected to a surface treatment for forming a protective film. .

(7) The component manufacturing method according to the above (6), wherein the active member of the punching tool is made of a material for a tool that has been subjected to a surface treatment with a PVD protective film formed thereon.

(8) The component manufacturing method according to the above (6) or (7), wherein the punching tool and the plastic working tool are treated with a special lubricant.

(9) The members (1) to (8), wherein each member of the processing tool for processing a strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped sliver fragment is insulated from other mechanical elements.
The method for manufacturing a component according to any one of the above.

(10) The excess and / or undermass of the machining tool generated by a thermal action is eliminated by calculating a correction value at the time of machining,
The component manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (9).

(11) The component manufacturing method according to the above (10), wherein the calculation of the correction value is performed by computer simulation.

(12) A method of manufacturing a component by shearing, particularly precision shearing, and plastic working from a strip or narrow strip prepared in the first method section, the method being carried out. In a second method section (2) of the plate-shaped sliver pieces are preheated, pre-coated with lubricant and then immediately transferred to a subsequent method section (3),
At that point, it is heated to the final temperature, greased and then plastically worked in one or more stages, during which it is also partially or entirely precision sheared in another method section (4), Basically, a method for manufacturing a component characterized in that the method section (3) can be processed at various high temperature levels.

According to the Summary of the Invention The present invention, shearing and prior to a precision shearing strip or narrow strip shear pieces, any temperature up to 820 ° C. from 480 ° C. In the case of steel (which the half-heat temperature ).

Preferably, said temperature range is from 570 ° C. to 600 ° C. In such a temperature range, some of today's thick steel materials can reach a thickness of 15 mm, but even in such a case, it is necessary to achieve precision shearing without cracking. Can be. Furthermore, non-burning warm tropical materials with a high carbon content and / or a high degree of alloying can also be produced without cracking in the shear plane. It is also possible to give a number of geometric shapes, which could not be produced by a cold process in the past. In particular, in the case of a flat part, it is possible to form a narrow step portion, a fine through hole, a toothed portion having a small gear module value, a tensile process, a bending process, a stamping process, and other plastic processes. All of these are not possible by cold working.

The member to be processed is simply cut out from the band-shaped or narrow band-shaped material and has not been subjected to plastic working yet, so that the raw material can be brought to a required temperature range before the working. . Of course, there is a possibility that plastic deformation of the workpiece occurs in a working tool having a transfer mechanism, for example, so it is necessary to pay attention to maintaining the temperature. It is desirable that the workpiece be exposed to as little temperature fluctuation as possible.

The concept of plastic working performance is understood to be the ability to be deformed with good plasticity without breaking damage. In the case of steel, its plastic working performance at room temperature is still limited. The remarkable improvement of the plastic working performance starts only at the half-temperature temperature or higher, but it tends to decrease according to the crystal growth promoted by the cooling and solidification.

The limit moldability reaches about three times at 600 ° C. than at room temperature. These advantages also have an adverse effect on the quality of plastically worked parts and precision sheared parts, as well as on the life of the working tools, as the oxide film (scale) formation increases above 600 ° C.

[0022] Each of the above-mentioned new methods relates to a new technology, in particular to the technology of the working tool, in particular to selected tool steels with a protective coating, new lubricants, and control of the process, in particular to the induction of temperature. Technology such as control is created. Due to the high temperature range, it is necessary to form a protective coating on the surface of the stamping tool, while care must be taken that as little heat as possible is conducted to the usual mechanical elements.

The material of the working tool and the lubricant used must be in harmony with each other. This depends on the magnitude of the repetitive temperature load applied to these tools. In this case, the moisture in the lubricant causes the cooling of the tool, which results in a greater thermal shock to the tool than the oil component.

For lubricants for semi-thermothermal plastic working, good cooling ability and lubricity, proper use of working tools, sufficient adhesion to tool surfaces, good wear resistance, etc. Requirements related to are raised. Such a tendency is directed to the application of an aqueous lubricant containing no fat.

For the selection of the tool material, a sufficient service life of the tool in relation to the cost is a criterion. The suitability of the tool material greatly depends on various factors in the working process in the region of semi-thermoplastic working. In particular, hot tool steels and high speed steels are used. In general, there is a close interdependence between the lubricant available for use and the life of the tool material selected for the working tool.

An increase in the processing temperature facilitates the progress of the process by reducing plastic working stress and improving plastic working performance. On the other hand, the heating of the plate has the effect of increasing the tool temperature, in particular the temperature of each of its active parts.

The tool materials described below are suitable for semi-thermoplastic deformation: for example high-speed steels such as DIN standard S6-5-2 (1.3343).

This material exhibits remarkably high hardness in high tempering stability as compared with various warm-worked steels. And it is also very tough. However, when the alloying component is large, the thermal conductivity is reduced, and therefore, the susceptibility to the existing thermal shock is increased as compared with the conventional warm working steel. Therefore, in the case of this material, the water cooling method may cause various problems. Therefore, this steel material is often adopted by being combined with a non-aqueous lubricant, and is used as all working tool elements.

Various types of warm-treatment steel are used in the region of semi-warm thermoplastic working. What is important in this case is a steel having a low hardness and a high thermal shock stability (for example, X
32CrMoV3.3 or X38CrMoV5.3), while other steels have high hardness but poor thermal shock stability (eg X40CrMoV5.1).

From the viewpoint of the tempering stability of the working tool steel, a suitable processing temperature is limited to 600 ° C. The hardness starts to decrease below 590 ° C. in both high-speed steel and warm-worked steel.
The punching member for plastic working is usually made of P which has been subjected to plasma nitriding and PVD coating formation by plasma nitriding.
An M high speed punch is used.

A precision shear member formed at room temperature has a very accurate mass. Anyway,
Parts that have been precision sheared at half temperature or first plastically processed and precision sheared will have an under or over mass depending on the temperature rise and the geometry.

[0032] Parts that have been subjected to precision shearing and plastic working at a half-temperature temperature, and further precision-sheared,
Given the requirement of high mass, the complex interrelation between thermal expansion and stress-induced expansion needs to be pinpointed.

This is preferably performed by calculating the correction factor using a computer simulation technique. It is also possible to correct the workpiece later.

The advantage of the three-stage method of semi-warm precision shearing, plastic working and precision shearing is that only low punching pressures are required due to the low deformation stresses due to high temperatures. As a result, the processing machine requires a minimum amount of power in the production of parts, thus enabling a minimum investment and a low machine operation rate. In the case of semi-thermoplastic processing and precision shearing, the number of manufacturing processes is reduced compared to the process performed at room temperature, so the processing tools should be short and compact, and should be installed on a smaller machine table. There is an advantage that can be.

Compared to hot plastic working, the scale generation is significantly reduced, so that the fully improved shape and mass precision of the finished part and a surface goodness comparable to almost cold plastic working Can be achieved.

In conventional cold plastic working, intermediate heating is often required in order to make the material plastically deformable again. In such a case, the article being processed must be removed from the processing machine. Framing and stamping correspond to these.
This step does not need to be considered in the case of the present invention.

[0037] To expand the application range of precision tool processing at room temperature by enabling parts to be manufactured from a strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped material in the order of semi-thermal precision shearing, plastic processing, and precision shearing. Can be. Stamping plastic working, performed at cold and semi-warming temperatures, is the case when a preform is produced from a linear or rod-like geometry and a sufficiently rotationally or axially symmetric precision part is produced. On the other hand, in the case of the new technology of sheet material semi-thermoplastic working, it can be applied without being restricted by the above-mentioned geometrical shape.

[0038] In the case of semi-temperature thermoplastic working, high-alloy steel, which is extremely difficult to plastic work in the cold,
In addition, a low alloy steel that can be more strongly plastically processed than at room temperature can be used.

This method is applicable not only to steel but also to other metal materials.

The heating of the plate-like material is achieved by, for example, induction heating. Under the influence of an electromagnetic alternating electric field, a current is induced in the plate and is heated by its action. It is the frequency and the electrical conductivity that have a considerable effect on the depth to which the heating extends. From the viewpoint of shortening the heating time, a transformer rectifier is required. The heating of the plate can be performed from one side. However, it is more effective to apply heating from both sides of the plate material for the purpose of speeding up circulation.

In order to optimize the induction heating, various experimental studies are required on various induction mechanism shapes and position settings with respect to the plate.

The technology relating to the heating of the strip material and the sheared workpiece by induction heating, and the individual problems associated therewith, mean a new development in any case,
Conventionally, even in mass production, only a linear sheared work piece or a rod-shaped work piece is induction-heated. In the case of slabs, the ratio between the surface area and the volume of the slab pieces plays an important role in relation to heat radiation, sufficient heating and heat distribution.

As another heating method, resistance heating is also effective. In this case, heat is generated between the electrodes in the working tool. Of course, the current is not distributed uniformly over the entire heated section.

Next, although laser heating is certainly possible, it is technically still difficult to realize.
The performance obtained by this method is considerably inferior to that of induction heating.
For example, laser heating requires a considerably long heating time. In addition, to achieve planar heating, it is necessary to control the laser beam accordingly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, advantages, features, and uniqueness of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a view showing a processing step for manufacturing a part by precision shearing based on the processing method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view for carrying out the processing method of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of a precision shearing tool.

In the method performing area 1, the material to be punched is placed on the winding frame 1.1 in the case of a wide band material, or on the narrow band material loading device 1.2 in the case of a narrow band material. Pre-processing position setting is achieved. In either case, the material is driven by the roller-type advancing mechanism 1.3 to shift to the next processing step.

In section 2, at 2.1, a strip is cut from the board, which is preferably preheated at 2.2 to 150 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably at 2.
The oil is applied in 3. The strip is then immediately transferred to zone 3 where the sheet and / or working tool is heated to a half-warming temperature in 3.1,
It is sprayed in 3.2 and further plastically worked in single or multiple steps in 3.3 or 3.4.

In section 4 the plastically worked part is partially or wholly precision sheared, with different high temperature levels being possible.

-Precision shearing at room temperature in 4.1. In this case, the target cooling in 4.2 is required for the semi-thermoplastically machined part.

-Precision shearing at half-warming temperature in 4.3. In view of the temperature loss, an intermediate heating of the plastic-worked part at 4.4 is necessary.

-Precision shearing in the middle of normal temperature and half temperature at 4.5.

After the plastic working, the part subjected to the plastic working is cooled in an uncontrolled manner and subjected to precision shearing at a temperature intermediate between the normal temperature and the half temperature.

In each of the following sections, it is corrected, cured or washed.

This method describes a combination of precision shearing at high temperature and plastic working. For the case where only precision shearing is performed, the special precision shearing tool of FIG. 2 is provided. It comprises a punch 17 and may or may not have an internal stamping die. The ejector 18 is guided in a shear plate 19, which at the same time forms a ring-shaped protrusion. On the other hand, the punch 17 is guided in the guide plate 20.

A heating plate 23 is attached to each of the shear plate 19 and the guide plate 20, and heating elements 23 and 24 are provided inside. The part number 25 indicates the position of the thermal sensor.

The punch 17, the ejector 18, and each plate are made of a ceramic plate (26.
1 to 26.4) to the other components of the working tool.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing a processing step for manufacturing a part by precision shearing based on a processing method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a precision shearing tool for performing the processing method of the present invention.

[Procedural Amendment] Submission of translation of Article 34 Amendment of the Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] January 25, 2000 (2000.1.25)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0002

[Correction method] Change

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[0002] This invention relates to a method for producing parts from strip or narrow strip of steel material by shearing methods, such as, for example, in particular a precision shearing.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0003

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art According to the German Industrial Standard DIN 8580, a precision shearing method is positioned as one of the main groups of material separation, like the external shearing method. Such a precision shearing method is described, for example, in European Patent EP 85 81 05 31.
No. 5 or the description in Swiss patent CH 05683/84. Of course, to date, especially in the case of particularly thick steel materials or highly alloyed steel, it is not always possible to carry out precision shearing on the shear surfaces without inconvenient cracking. Furthermore, non-burning warm tropical materials having a high carbon content and / or alloying component cannot be precisely sheared so that cracks do not occur on the shear surface. Also, many articles with very complex geometric shapes cannot be manufactured by processing associated with precision shearing methods. Ri by the description of the former German Democratic Republic patent publication DD-A 263 in Pat 020, a device provided with a through hole in a thick plate material is known. Using this device, as it can also be provided very accurately holes in thick bonding plate of heavy side plate-shaped chain, simply shrinking only in one working step with the chain sleeve built mechanical Rukoto to configure the binding can. In this case, the junction plate of premade outer dimensions is mounted to the press machine at a temperature of 800 ° C. for stone 900 ° C., it is operated hydraulically. In this case, two through holes are formed simultaneously. The joint plate is thus extracted from the press . Junction plate of the two same shape Ru are coupled in combination with one another and chain sleeve with a slight force. In this case, the residual heat of the joint plate itself (the temperature that has become to not 500 ° C. 600 ° C.) is utilized.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0005

[Correction method] Change

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(1) A method of manufacturing a part from a strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped steel material by a shearing method such as precision shearing and plastic-working this part. process parts manufacturing which is characterized in that prior to strip or narrow strip shear pieces, preheated to 4 80 ° C. from any of up to 800 ° C. temperature (semi-hyperthermia temperatures).

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0006

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

(2) A method of producing a part from a strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped steel material by a shearing method such as precision shearing, and plastic-working this part. A part characterized in that, during the processing step, a strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped piece, especially the part , is heated to an arbitrary temperature (half temperature) from 480 ° C. to 800 ° C. and is kept at that temperature. Production method.

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0016

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[0016] (12) and in particular shearing precision shearing and the like, by a plastic working of a strip-shaped or narrow strip shear pieces that are prepared in a first method section, the part from the strip or narrow band-shaped steel material The method of manufacturing, wherein in a second method section (2) of the method execution step, the plate-shaped flakes are preheated, pre-coated with a lubricant and then immediately transferred to a subsequent method section (3), position heated to 480 ° C. to 800 ° C., is oil coated, during their, further partially or totally precise shearing in other ways zone (4), where, before Symbol methods zone (4) A method for manufacturing a part, wherein the method can be processed at various high temperature levels.

[Procedure amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0017

[Correction method] Change

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[0017] Summary of the Invention This invention is intended to improve the way related to the technology, is capable of punching without special difficulty in this by Ri thick steel plate material or high degree of alloying of steel, In particular, it enables precision shearing. According to the invention, shearing and prior to a precision shearing strip or narrow strip shear pieces is preheated to any temperature from 4 80 ° C. to 800 ° C. (which is referred to as semi-hyperthermia temperatures).

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Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A method of manufacturing a component from a band-shaped or narrow band-shaped metal material by a shearing method such as precision shearing, particularly a band-shaped or narrow strip-shaped piece prior to shearing, especially precision shearing. Is preheated to an arbitrary temperature (half temperature) from 480 ° C. to 820 ° C. in the case of steel. 2. A method for producing a part from a strip or narrow strip in a shearing method such as a precision shearing method, and for plastically processing the part. In the course of the process, the strip or narrow strip, in particular in the case of steel, is brought from 480 ° C. to 8 ° C.
A component manufacturing method characterized by heating to an arbitrary temperature (half-temperature temperature) up to 20 ° C. and maintaining the temperature. 3. The strip or narrow strip of steel and the component are maintained at any temperature from 570 ° C. to 600 ° C. during the production and the processing. Parts manufacturing method. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the strip or narrow strip and the component are heated by an induction heating method. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the strip or narrow strip is made of steel or another metal material and has a thickness of 3 to 15 mm.
5. The component manufacturing method according to any one of items 1 to 4. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stamping tool and the plastic working tool are surface-treated with a protective coating. 7. The component manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein the active member of the stamping tool is made of a material for a tool that has been subjected to a surface treatment with a PVD protective coating formed thereon. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the stamping tool and the plastic working tool are treated with a special lubricant. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein each member of the processing tool for processing the strip-shaped or narrow strip-shaped sliver fragments is insulated from other mechanical elements. 2. The method for manufacturing a component according to claim 1. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein an excessively large and / or excessively small mass of the machining tool generated by a thermal action is eliminated by calculating a correction value during machining. 2. The method for manufacturing a component according to claim 1. 11. The component manufacturing method according to claim 10, wherein the calculation of the correction value is performed by computer simulation. 12. A method for producing a part by shearing, in particular precision shearing, and plastic working from a strip or narrow strip helical piece prepared in a first method zone, the method comprising the steps of: In the second method section (2), the plate-like pieces are preheated, pre-coated with lubricant and then immediately transferred to the subsequent method section (3) where they are heated to the final temperature, greased, Thereafter, it is plastically worked in one or more stages, during which it is partially or wholly precision-sheared in a further method zone (4), which basically consists of the process zone (3)
)), Wherein the method can be performed at various high temperature levels.