JP2001512217A5 - - Google Patents
Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001512217A5 JP2001512217A5 JP2000505431A JP2000505431A JP2001512217A5 JP 2001512217 A5 JP2001512217 A5 JP 2001512217A5 JP 2000505431 A JP2000505431 A JP 2000505431A JP 2000505431 A JP2000505431 A JP 2000505431A JP 2001512217 A5 JP2001512217 A5 JP 2001512217A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- connecting rod
- bearing
- layer
- coating
- case
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 105
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 210000002381 Plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 36
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000023298 conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000021037 unidirectional conjugation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increased Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037250 Clearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101700078171 KNTC1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#B Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XCWPUUGSGHNIDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxypertine Chemical compound C1=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2NC(C)=C1CCN(CC1)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 XCWPUUGSGHNIDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035512 clearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002365 multiple layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
ãæžé¡åã æ现æž
ãçºæã®å称ã è€å軞åãåããé£æ¥æ£
ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãé 眮ããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã溶å°ããã軞åå±€ã®å°ãªããšãå±€äžåŽã«åŸ®å°åã圢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã å€åçãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã 溶å°ãããäžåŽã®è»žåå±€äžã«ãé«ãå€åçãæãã溶å°ãããäžåŽã®è»žåå±€ã被èŠåœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã ååå å·¥ã«ããåŸå å·¥ããäœãå€åçãæãã溶å°ãããäžåŽã®è»žåå±€å ãŸã§è¡ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã å€åçãïŒå šäœã®å容ç©ã«å¯ŸããïŒã»ãŒéããåã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºããããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã 軞åå±€ã«æºã圢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãé 眮ããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã軞åå±€ã«æºã圢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã è€æ°ã®æºã軞åå±€ã«åœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã æºãå圢ãŸãã¯å°åœ¢ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºåŽé¢ã®è§åºŠãïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºã®æ·±ããïŒïŒïŒãïŒïœïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºã溶å°ã®åã«åœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãååŸæ¹åéšåãæããç¹ã«äž»ãšããŠååŸæ¹åã«å»¶ã³ãŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãéããŠããŠãç¹ã«ãªã³ã°ç¶ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ããã軞åææãæ©æ¢°çã«åŸå å·¥ãç¹ã«ååå å·¥ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãå šããŸãã¯æ®ãã®è»žåå±€ãããå°ãããåŸå å·¥ãããªãè«æ±é ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒã«åŸå±ããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææããã©ãºã溶å°ã«ãã£ãŠè¢«èŠåœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææãšããŠãéå±ãç¹ã«åéã被èŠåœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææã被èŠåœ¢æããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ã®ç«¯é¢ãåŸå å·¥ãç¹ã«ç åãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææã被èŠåœ¢æããåã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãç¹ã«ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠç²é¢åãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ã  ãšãªãããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ãç²é¢åãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã ç²é¢åãç°ãªãç²åºŠã«ããè€æ°ã®ã¹ãããã§ãç¹ã«ç²ãç²åºŠã®åã«çŽ°ããç²åºŠã§è¡ãããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ïŒåãŸãã¯è€æ°åã®ç²ãç²åºŠã«ããç²é¢åãç¶ããŠè¡ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã è€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ãã軞åææã§ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¹ããã®é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãå軞ã«éããŠåŠçãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïœïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïœïœïŒïœã®éãã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãééããŠè¡ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææãè€æ°ã®å±€ãå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ç°ãªãå±€ãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒåã®å±€ã§è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããã®å±€ã軞åå±€ã圢æããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯éšåçã«åã³é€å»ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯åŸå å·¥ã®åŸã§ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®åãã«åœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãå»ã¿ç®åœ¢æãšç Žæã«ãã£ãŠéæŸãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°äžãã¬ã¹æµãç¹ã«ç©ºæ°æµãïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒïœã®æµéã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãéããŠæ¡å ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãèšãããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åå±€ææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã«ãããŠã軞åå±€ãå°ãªããšãå±€äžåŽã«åŸ®å°åãæããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããé£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã å€åçãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®ç¯å²å ã®åŸ®å°åãå容ç©ã®å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒ ã圢æããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã å€åçãäž»ãšããŠéããåã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åå±€ã«æºãèšããããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãèšãããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åå±€ææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã«ãããŠã軞åå±€ã«æºãèšããããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããé£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãååŸæ¹åéšåãæããç¹ã«å°ãªããšãäž»ãšããŠååŸæ¹åã«å»¶ã³ãŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãéããŠããŠãç¹ã«ãªã³ã°ç¶ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åå±€ãè€æ°ã®æºãå«ãã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ã®åã«æºã圢æãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ããã軞åå±€ãååå å·¥ãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãå°ããããŸãã¯å šãååå å·¥ããªãã§åŸå å·¥ãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã«åŸå±ããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãçºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªèª¬æã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã¯ãè«æ±é ïŒã®äžäœæŠå¿µã«èšèŒããé£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããã®æ¹æ³ãšãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã®äžäœæŠå¿µã«èšèŒããé£æ¥æ£ã«é¢ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ä»æ¥äœ¿çšããããç¹ã«å çæ©é¢çšã®é£æ¥æ£ã¯ãããããåæåé£æ¥æ£ãšããŠãŸãã¯ã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ãšããŠåœ¢æãããããã®å Žåãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žãåãå²ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã¯ãåæãããããŸãã¯ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšã¯éåžžã¯éæŸãããªãããšããã®ã¯ãçã£çŽããªãã³ãä»ããŠãã¹ãã³ã«é£çµãããããã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åã®è·éã«å¿ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯ç°ãªã軞åã·ã§ã«ïŒæ»ã軞åïŒãåããŠããã軞åã·ã§ã«ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«ãæ¯æã·ã§ã«ææã䜿çšãããããã®æ¯æã·ã§ã«ææã¯ãéåžžã¯ïŒ€ïŒ©ïŒ® ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒ³ïŒ¡ïŒ¥ ïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ããéŒïŒ£ïŒïŒã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ã圢ç¶ãçšéã«å¿ããŠå·é硬åãããããšãã§ããããã®æ¯æã·ã§ã«ææã«ã¯ãæ¬æ¥ã®æ»ã軞åå±€ãäŸãã°ãã¯ã€ãã¡ã¿ã«ãééé ã軜éå±ãã¹ããã¿å±€çããäºæ³ããã軞åè·éã«å¿ããŠè¢«èŠåœ¢æãããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ãïŒæå軞åã·ã§ã«ãïŒæå軞åã·ã§ã«ãŸãã¯äžå®è»žåã·ã§ã«çãšããŠåœ¢æããããçµã¿ç«ãŠã®åŸã§è»žåã·ã§ã«ãç³ãåãªãåºçãããããã«ããããã«ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯åæå¿åãå ããŠåãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ãææçãªã³ã¹ãèŠå ã§ããã ãã§ãªãã補é ã³ã¹ãèŠå ãæãããã€æ éæºã§ããããäŸãã°çµã¿ç«ãŠæã«è»žåã·ã§ã«ãŸãã¯è»žåã·ã§ã«åäœã®æ¿å ¥ãå¿ããããšããããããã«ãã£ãŠé倧ãªãšã³ãžã³ãžã®é害ãçããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã®èª²é¡ã¯ã最æ»äœçšã®å€§ããªé£æ¥æ£è»žåã補äœããããšã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®èª²é¡ã¯æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããŠã¯è«æ±é ïŒããã³ãŸãã¯ïŒã®æªçœ®ã«ãã£ãŠè§£æ±ºãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ã«é¢ããŠã¯ã課é¡ã¯è«æ±é ïŒïŒããã³ãŸãã¯ïŒïŒã®ç¹åŸŽã«ãã£ãŠè§£æ±ºãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
åŸå±è«æ±é ã¯å¥œãŸããå®æœåœ¢ã瀺ããŠããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã§ã¯ãç¹ã«é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã§ãããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯é£æ¥æ£äž¡ç«¯éšã§ãããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ãã¯ãæ¿å ¥ãããã軞åå±€ã溶å°ã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«çŽæ¥çã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æãããã溶å°ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«ãã©ãºã溶å°ã䜿çšããããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãç¹ã«å çæ©é¢ã®éšåã§ããã軞åå±€äžã®æ®çæ²¹éãå¢å€§ãããããã«ã軞åå±€ã¯æºãæããããã³ãŸãã¯å€åæ§ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£è»žåã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®ãã圢æã¯ã軞ååã確å®ã«ãã€èš±å®¹æž©åºŠã§äŒéããããã«ã軞åã®èæ©èèšèšããã³æ§é ãå¿ èŠãšãããèæ©èæ§ã¯ãæ»ãé¢ãèè·éèœåã®ãã最æ»èïŒæ²¹èïŒã«ãã£ãŠäºãã«åé¢ãããŠãããšãã«éæãããããã®ãããªæœ€æ»èã¯æ»ã軞åã®å Žåãããåå¿ãã軞æ¯æ¿ã«ãã£ãŠçãããããã«ãããå転軞ã¯ãã³ãäœçšãæãããã®ãã³ãäœçšã¯ã最æ»å€ïŒãšã³ãžã³ãªã€ã«ïŒãïŒåå¿ããïŒè»žåééå ã«æ¬éããããã®å Žåãåæãã軞åééã§ã¯æ²¹å§ãé«ãŸããããªãã¡ã最æ»å€ã¯æãçã暪æé¢å ã«æŒã蟌ãŸããããã®å Žåã軞ã®å転éåãéå§ããããšããŸãã¯éåžžã«ãã£ããã§ãããšãã«ãâå¢ç最æ»âïŒå¢çé¢æ©æŠâãžã£ãŒãã«äžã®è»žåææïŒã®ç¶æ ãçãããå転éåãéããªãããšã«ãããã€ãªãã£ãŠããæ²¹èããŸã 圢æãããŠããªããŠããæ²¹èã¯ãžã£ãŒãã«ãæ¯æããåãããããããã¯âæ··åæ©æŠâãããªãã¡åæã«è¡ãããå¢çé¢æ©æŠãšæµäœæ©æŠã®ç¶æ ã§ããããã®ç¶æ ã¯äž»ãšããŠãšã³ãžã³ã®å§åããã³åæ¢æã«çãããå転é床ãæŽã«äžæãããšã軞åéã³ã®ååã®åãã®ãæµäœååŠçã«æ¯æãã最æ»èå±€ã圢æãããããã®ç¶æ ã¯âæµäœæ©æŠâã§ããããã®å Žåã軞åéã³ã¯éåžžã¯ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é©åœãªè»žåææã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ïŒå€§ïŒç«¯éšãæ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããã€æ»ã軞åå±€å ã«åŸ®å°åããã³ãŸãã¯æºãçºçãããããšã«ãããé£æ¥æ£è»žåå ã«å€§ããªãªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ïŒãªã€ã«å容容ç©ïŒã圢æããããããã«ãã£ãŠãçžå¯Ÿçã«éåããéšåã®æ©æŠã²ããŠã¯æ©èããç¹ã«å¢ç最æ»ããã³æ··åæ©æŠã®éã«äœäžããããªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ã¯å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®æºãé£æ¥æ£è»žåã«åœ¢æããããšã«ãã£ãŠå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åãããããã®æºã¯ãååŸæ¹åæºãšããŠåœ¢æãããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããªã€ã«ä¿æèœåãæŽã«é«ããããã«ããã®æºã¯å å·¥ããªãã§ãã®ãŸãŸã«ãªã£ãŠãããããªãã¡ã補äœäžã®åå ã§ç²ãè¡šé¢æ§é ãæããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
奜ãŸããã¯ååå å·¥ãããæ»ã軞åé¢ã®å€åæ§ãæãããå§åã«å¯ŸããŠå®å®ããŠããè¡šé¢æ§é ãšãéåžžã«ç²ãè¡šé¢æ§é ãæããå å·¥ãããŠããªãæºã¯ããããªã軞åç¶æ ã§ããå転éåãæ²¹å§ã«é¢ä¿ãªããæãçšåºŠã®ãªã€ã«ã軞åå ã«è²¯èµããåãããããããã«ãããäœãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žå転æ°ã®ãšãã«æ¢ã«å¢çé¢æ©æŠãšæ··åæ©æŠã®ç¶æ ãééããããã«ãã£ãŠïŒã»ãšãã©ïŒæ©èããªãæµäœååŠç最æ»ç¶æ ãæ©ãéæããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ããšã³ãžã³å§åç¶æ ããã³ãšã³ãžã³åæ¢ç¶æ ã§ã®ç·æ¥æå転ç¹æ§ãå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åããããããã«ãã£ãŠãåã軞å寞æ³ã§å€§ããªè»žåè·éãå¯èœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã¯æ¬¡ã®å¹æãå¥ãããé£æ¥æ£ã®å Žåäžè¬çã§ãããæ»ã軞åé¢ã圢æãã軞åã·ã§ã«ãçç¥å¯èœã§ããããšããã®ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããã°ã軞åã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ææã«åœ¢æãããã®ã§ãããç¹å¥ã«äœ¿çšãããèŠçŽ ã«ã¯åœ¢æãããªãããã§ãããããã«ããåæã«ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çµã¿ç«ãŠãäžèŠã§ããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çç¥ããã³ãŸãã¯æ¬çºæã«ããæ»ã軞åå±€ã®åååŸå å·¥ã«ããã誀差ã¯å°ãããªããæ®éã®é£æ¥æ£è»žåã®å Žåã«ã¯ãïŒã€ã®èª€å·®ãããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ã¯ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã®èª€å·®ã§ããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ã¯é£æ¥æ£å ã®ïŒè»žåã·ã§ã«ã®ïŒæ»ãå±€ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ã¯è»žåã·ã§ã«ãæ¿å ¥ããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ããããæ¬çºæã«ããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšè»žåå±€ã®åŸå å·¥ã«ãã£ãŠã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ãç¡ããªããæŽã«ãæ¬çºæã«ããã°ããã«ãç¯å²ã«å€§ããªææåããæããããšããã®ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããã°ã被èŠåœ¢æããã軞åå±€ã¯ã軞åã·ã§ã«ãããèãåããæããããã§ãããããã«ãããé£æ¥æ£ã®å€åœ¢å¯žæ³ãåãå Žåã§ã倧ããªè·éãå¯èœã§ããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ïŒé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®èª€å·®ïŒã¯ãæ¬çºæã®å Žåã«ã¯ãéåžžã«å€§ãŸãã«å¯žæ³èšå®å¯èœã§ããããšããã®ã¯ã第ïŒã®èª€å·®å¯žæ³ãŸã§äŸãã°ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«ïŒç²Ÿå¯ããŒãã³ã°ïŒã«ãã£ãŠé€å»ãããåŸç¶ã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãã£ãŠããã®ç¬¬ïŒã®èª€å·®ãçžæ®ºãããããã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããã°ã軞åå±€ã¯ãå°ãªããšãè¡šé¢ã«æãçšåºŠã®å€åæ§ãæããããã«æº¶çãããããã®å€åæ§ã¯ãäŸãã°é žåç©ã®å°ã蟌ãã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããã埮å°åãæãã軞åå±€ã圢æãããããšã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããããã®é žåç©ã¯å±€è¡šé¢ã®åŸå å·¥æé²åºãããå€åçã¯è»žåé¢ã«ãããŠå¥œãŸããã¯çŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ãããæŽã«ã埮å°åãäºãã«æ¥ç¶ããŠãããã埮å°åã®å容ç©ãäž»ãšããŠéããåã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããŠãããšæå©ã§ããããã®åŸ®å°åã¯æµäœååŠç埮å°å§å宀最æ»ã·ã¹ãã ã圢æããããã®å Žåã埮å°åã¯äŸãã°è¡šé¢å å·¥ïŒäŸãã°ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ïŒã®ååå 工工çšã«ãã£ãŠéæŸãããããã®å Žåãæ»ã軞åé¢å ã®åã¯ãªã€ã«ä¿æ宀ãšããŠã®åããããã®ã§ããšã³ãžã³ã¹ã¿ãŒããŸãã¯ãšã³ãžã³åæ¢ã®ç¬éã«ãããã³ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã®å転ãéå§ããããšããŸãã¯åŸã ã«åæ¢ãããšãã«ãäŸãã°æ»ã軞åå ã®æ²¹å§ãæ¢ã«äœäžããŠããããŸãã¯äžæãããªããã°ãªããªããŠãã埮å°åããã®ãšã³ãžã³ãªã€ã«ãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«ä»çããããšã«ãã£ãŠãæ»ããã£ã«ã 圢æïŒæµäœæ©æŠïŒã®ããã«å åãªæ²¹éãäŸããããæ¬çºæã«ãã埮å°å§å宀ã·ã¹ãã ã«ãã£ãŠãæ··åæ©æŠã®ç¯å²ãå€§å¹ ã«çããªããããã«ãã£ãŠãéåéãé«åéãŸãã¯ããã±ã«åéçã®ãããªä»å çãªæ»ã軞åç©è³ªãæ¿å ¥ããªãã§ã軞åã®ç·æ¥æå転ç¹æ§ãå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åããããåã®å€§ãããšåã®å®¹ç©ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãæ»ãè¡šé¢ã®è»žåè·éã«å¿ããŠæº¶å°æã«èª¿ç¯ããããéåžžã¯ãå容ç©ã®å€§éšåã¯ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å€§ããã®åã«ååšããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ãã軞åå±€ã®è£œäœæã®æ®éã®å·¥çšã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã§ãããå ãæåã«ã被èŠãã¹ãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ïŒäŸãã°é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒãã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ãããç¹ã«èèªãé€å»ããããããã¯äŸãã°é«æž©èžæ°ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããç¶ããŠãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ãäŸãã°Al2O3ã«ãã£ãŠãµã³ããã©ã¹ãããããåŽå°å§ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒããŒã«ãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒããŒã«ã§ããããã®éã奜ãŸããã¯ç°ãªãç²åºŠã§å å·¥ãããããã®å Žåã奜ãŸããã¯ãå¢å€§ããç²åºŠã䜿çšããããããªãã¡ãå ãæåã«çŽ°ããç²åã§ã次ã«ç²ãç²åã§ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãããããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ç°ãªãç²åºŠã䜿çšããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããã®å Žåãç²åºŠã¯æ®éã®ã¡ãã·ã¥ç¯å²å ã«ããã现ããç²åºŠã®ããã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒä»¥äžãç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒã䜿çšããããäžéã®ç²åºŠã®ããã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒãç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ç²åã®å€§ããã䜿çšããããç²ãç²åºŠã®ããã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒãç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒããç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒæšæºç¶²ç®ãµã€ãºïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒãŸã§ã®ç²åã䜿çšãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã®éã®ç°ãªãç²åºŠã«ãã£ãŠãå»ã¿ç®ãäŸãã°ç Žæå»ã¿ç®ãŸãã¯æºã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããè¯å¥œãªè¡šé¢ç²ããåŸãããããã®å Žåãæ»ãããªç¯å²ã«ãããŠã¯ãã§çŽïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒÎŒïœã®ãã§çŽïŒïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ãã®è¡šé¢æ§é ãåŸãããããã®ãããªãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ããç²ãã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£äžã®æº¶å°å±€ã®ä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ãããããŠè¯å¥œã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ç¶ããŠãAlCuFeåéïŒã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ïŒã«ãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããã奜ãŸããã¯å€åçãå¢å€§ãã溶å°è»žåå±€ãäœãããããã®å Žåã第ïŒã®å±€ãšããŠãå°ããªå€åçïŒïŒïŒ 以äžãç¹ã«ïŒïŒ 以äžïŒãæããå±€ãäœãããããã®ããã«ã¯äŸãã°ïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²æ«ç²åãµã€ãºãé©ããŠããããã®äžåŽã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯çŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å±€åã§äœãããããã®çµæããã®å ŽåãçŽïŒãïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã®å€åçã®å±€ãåŸãããããã®å ŽåãäŸãã°çŽïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒïŒã®å€§ããã®ç²æ«ç²åã䜿çšãããããã®å Žåãç²æ«ç²åãµã€ãºã¯ãç²æ«ã®å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãç¹ã«å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãæšæºç¶²ç®ãµã€ãºä»¥äžã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãç¹ã«å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ã次ã®ççŽå ã«ãããæŽã«å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãïŒåã®çŽåŸïŒããŒãã¡ãã·ã¥ãµã€ãºïŒå ã«ããããã«éžå®ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®å Žåãå±€åã¯ãåæ§ã«äžåŽã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®ããã«èšèŒããç¯å²å ã§éžæããããïŒã€ã ãã®å±€ã圢æãããšãã«ã¯ããã®å±€ã®åãã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åå±€ã®è¢«èŠåœ¢æã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒåã®äœæ¥å·¥çšã§è¡ããããããªãã¡ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯äžæãããªããç°ãªãå€åçãéæããããã«ãèªåçãªç²æ«ããã³ãŸãã¯ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã®é©åãè¡ããããšæå©ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äžåŽã®è»žåå±€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãäŸãã°è»žåã·ã§ã«ã®ç Žæã®éã«é£æ¥æ£ã®ã¯ã©ãã¯åœ¢æã«ãã£ãŠçããéå圢éšïŒä»£è¡šçãªéå圢éšã¯ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒãèŠããåŸå å·¥ã®ããã«ååãªåããåŸãããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ã®è»žåææäžã«æ¹æ³æè¡çã«ç°¡åã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æå¯èœãªç¹ã«å€åæ§ã®ä»ã®å±€ã«ãã£ãŠèŠãããšãã§ããããã®å±€ã¯æ¬æ¥ã®æ»ã軞åå±€ïŒå°ããªå€åæ§å±€ïŒå ãŸã§å€§ããªåé¡ãªãé€å»å¯èœã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããå±€å éšå¿åã®èª¿æŽãé£æ¥æ£ã®å°ãã®çŒãããã³æ»ã軞åå±€ã®å€§ããªä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ãéæãããããã®ä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ã¯éåžžã¯ïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïœïœïŒä»¥äžãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïœïœïŒä»¥äžã§ãããïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïœïœïŒä»¥äžã®ä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ãå¯èœã§ãããã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ã«ãã£ãŠäŸãã°çŽïŒïŒïŒïŒšïŒ¶ïŒïŒïŒä»¥äžã®å±€ç¡¬ããåŸãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äž»ãšããŠãã£ãŒãŒã«ãšã³ãžã³ã«ãããŠèšãããããããªãé£æ¥æ£ãç¹ã«é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®é«è·éæ»ã軞åå±€ã®ããã«ãæ»ã軞åå±€å ã®æ®æ²¹éãå¢å€§ããããšæå©ã§ãããããã¯æ¬çºæã«åŸããæ»ã軞åå±€å ã«ïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æœ€æ»æºã圢æããããšã«ããããšã³ãžã³åæ¢æãŸãã¯ã¢ã€ããªã³ã°å転æ°ä»¥äžã®ãšã³ãžã³å転æ°ã«ãããŠãªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ãå¢å€§ãããããšã«ãã£ãŠéæããããããã«ãã£ãŠããšã³ãžã³å§åãŸãã¯ãšã³ãžã³åæ¢æã«ãæ··åæ©æŠã®ç¯å²ã¯çæéã§ééãããããã®çãæéã¯æ»ããã£ã«ã ã®é·æéã®ç¶æãŸãã¯è¿ éãªåœ¢æã®çµæã§ããããã®æ»ããã£ã«ã ã¯ã埮å°åããã³ïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æºããã®ãšã³ãžã³ãªã€ã«ãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«ä»çããããšã«ãã£ãŠçãããç¹ã«å€åæ§è¡šé¢ãšå ±ã«ã軞åå±€ã«å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®æºã圢æããããšã«ãã£ãŠããã³ãã®æ²¹å§ãæ¢ã«äœäžããŠããããäžæãå§ãããšãã§ãã最æ»èã¯âé·æéâç¶æããããæºãäž»ãšããŠååŸæ¹åã«ãããªãã¡åšæ¹åã«å»¶ã³ãŠãããšãæºå¹æãç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããã®éãæºãéããŠãããšãããªãã¡ç¡ç«¯æºãç¹ã«ãªã³ã°ç¶ã®ç¡ç«¯æºã§ãããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããæºã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒ¶å圢ãŸãã¯å°åœ¢ã«åœ¢æãããããã®å Žåãæºã®åŽé¢ã¯äºãã«ç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ããªããŠãããæºã®æ·±ãã¯ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïœïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœãé©ããŠãããæºã®æ°ã¯ãç¹ã«ãæ»ã軞åã®å¹ ãæ»ã軞åã®æ¥è§Šé¢ç©ã®å²åããã³å¿ èŠãªä»å çãªãªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ã«äŸåãããäžèšã®æºåœ¢ç¶ãšæºæ·±ãã¯ã溶å°ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°åã®ç¶æ ã§ããã溶å°ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšããŠãã©ãºã溶å°ã䜿çšãããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æºã圢æããåŸã§ãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãæ»ãå±€ãç¹ã«äžèšã®ç°ãªãå€åçã®è€å軞åå±€ã§è¢«èŠããããããã«ç¶ã軞åé¢ã®åŸå å·¥ã®éãç¹ã«æºã¯å šãåã¯å°ãããåŸå å·¥ãããªãã®ã§ãç²ãïŒãã©ãºãïŒå±€æ§é ãããããŠè¯å¥œãªãªã€ã«ä¿æãçããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åå±€ã®æº¶å°ã®éã«ãéå±ã溶å°ããããšæå©ã§ããããã®å Žåã奜ãŸããã¯éå±åéã䜿çšããããæŽã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ãããããªéå±ã®æ··åç©ïŒç¹ã«éå±åéïŒã䜿çšãããããã®ãããªæ··åç©ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãšé«ã®æ··åç©ã§ããããã®å Žåãåã ã®æåãç²æ«åœ¢æ ã§æ··åããããšã«ãã£ãŠãæ··åç©ãç¹ã«æå©ã«åŸããããéå±ç²æ«ã®åçŽã¯ç¹ã«åã ã®æº¶å°ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã«äŸåããå°é家ã«ããäžé£ã®å®éšã§å®¹æã«æ€åºå¯èœã§ããã軞åææãšããŠã¯ãéé ãç¹ã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ïŒã¢ã«ãããŠã ïŒé«ïŒã奜ãŸããããé éé ãéå±âè»è³ªç©è³ªâå±€ããã³ãŸãã¯éå±âåºäœæœ€æ»ç©è³ªâå±€ã䜿çšããããšãã§ãããè»è³ªç©è³ªãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°éã®ãããªè»è³ªéå±ã䜿çšããããã®è»è³ªéå±ã¯äŸãã°ã¢ã«ãããŠã åéïŒã¢ã«ãããŠã ïŒé ïŒãã°ãã·ãŠã ïŒã¯ãã ïŒã®ãããªç¡¬ãéå±å ã«åé ããããããããè»è³ªç©è³ªãšããŠãäŸãã°ãã«ãªãããªããŒïŒäŸãã°ããªããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ïŒã®ãããªä»ã®ææã䜿çšããããšãã§ãããåºäœæœ€æ»ç©è³ªãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°äºç¡«åã¢ãªããã³ãçªåããŠçŽ ãŸãã¯ã°ã©ãã¡ã€ãã®ãããªååç©ãé©ããŠããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åææãéå°ã«æº¶å°ãããšæå©ã§ããããã®è»žåææã¯ç¶ããŠæ©æ¢°çã«åŸå å·¥ããããåŸå å·¥ã®ããã«ãäŸãã°ããŒãã³ã°ã䜿çšãããç¹ã«ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ãé©ããŠãããããŒãã³ã°ã®å Žåã奜ãŸããã¯ã軞åææã®ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãé€å»ãããã粟å¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ã®å Žåãéå°éã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ïŒäœå°éã®é€å»ã®åŸã®ïŒå®æãã軞åå±€ã¯ãç¹ã«ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããããã®ãããªå±€ã¯ãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®ç¯å²å ã®åãã®æ®éã®è»žåã·ã§ã«ãããéåžžã«èããããã¯ãå€ãã®ææãé£æ¥æ£ã«æ®ã£ããŸãŸã§ããããšïŒé«è·éã«èããïŒãããã¯è»œéã®é£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããšãã§ããããšãæå³ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã§ã¯ã溶å°ã«ãã£ãŠè»žåææã§è¢«èŠãããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã軞åææã被èŠåœ¢æããåŸã§åããŠéæŸãããããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãç ŽæãããïŒã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æãããïŒãšãã«äœ¿çšãããããã®æ¹æ³ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯ïŒå åŽã«ïŒææã®ç Žæåæã«åã ïŒã€ã®å»ã¿ç®ãåããŠããããã®å»ã¿ç®ãç¹ã«ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããããšæå©ã§ããããã®å ŽåãäŸãã°ãã¬ãŒã¶ãçŽïŒïŒÂ°ã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«å ¥ãããããã¬ãŒã¶åºåãšããŠç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒ·ã䜿çšããããå»ã¿ç®ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯å¹ ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ãæ·±ããïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã«åœ¢æããããç Žæåæã¯ãéåžžã¯é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ã»ãŒäžå€®ã«åœ¢æãããããã®ä»£ããã«ããšããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠãŸãã¯ãããŒãå·¥å ·ãçšããŠäŸãã°çªãããããšã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«å»ã¿ç®ã圢æãç Žæããéã«ãå ãæåã«é£æ¥æ£ã«å»ã¿ç®ãå ¥ãïŒäŸãã°å·¥å ·ãã¬ãŒã¶ãŸãã¯ãšããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠïŒã次ã«æº¶å°ã«ãã£ãŠè»žåææã被èŠããç¶ããŠç Žæãããšæå©ã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããªãå Žåã«ç ŽæåæãŸãã¯åã ã®è»žåã·ã§ã«ã®éã«ååšããééã¯ããã®æ¹æ³ã§ç¡ããªãïŒããŸãã¯æå°ãšãªãïŒããã®ãããªééã¯ããšã³ãžã³è² è·ãé«ãå Žåã«ãæ²¹èã®éåããä¿é²ããã軞åææã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«å»ã¿ç®ãèšããããšã«ãããè¯å¥œãªæœ€æ»ç¹æ§ãéæããããäºæ ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã軞åææã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«ç ŽæããŠãããããã®å Žåã«ã¯ãããã«ç¶ããŠã軞åææã¯ããäžåºŠïŒå¥œãŸããã¯å»ã¿ç®ãªãã§ïŒç Žæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåæã«ãã£ãŠéæŸãããå Žåãããã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã溶å°ã«ãã軞åææã®è¢«èŠã®åã«è¡ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåæãããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã®åããé¢ãåå¥ã«æ»ããã«ãããŒãåããããããã®éšåã¯ãç¶ããŠçµã¿ç«ãŠãããç©Žãšããã圢æãããŠããæ¢ãããããåã³ããæ¢ããããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãç¹ã«è»žåææã«ããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«ãïŒåé¢åæã«ïŒå»ã¿ç®ã圢æããããç¶ããŠã軞åå±€ãåé¢ããããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåã³ç Žæãããããã®å Žåãç Žæãäžåäžã«è¡ããããšãã«ã¯ã軞åå±€èªäœã«å»ã¿ç®ãå ¥ããªããã°ãªããªãã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åå±€ã®äžèšå å·¥ïŒããŒãã³ã°ãŸãã¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ïŒã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®éæŸã®åŸã§åããŠè¡ããããããã«ãã£ãŠãå Žåã«ãã£ãŠè»žåå±€ã®ç Žææã«çºçããç Žæãšããžã®ãŸããããéå°éã®é€å»ãšåæã«é€å»ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã«ã¯ããªã€ã«éè·¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ç©¿èšããããšãã§ããããã®ãªã€ã«éè·¯ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã軞åå±€ã被èŠåœ¢æããåŸã§åããŠãç¹ã«ãã®åŸå å·¥ã®åŸã§åããŠãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ç©¿åãããããã®å Žåããªã€ã«éè·¯ã¯é£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãéã£ãŠå察åŽã®é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãŸã§ç©¿åããããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããã°ã軞åå±€ã被èŠããåŸã§åããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã®ç«¯é¢ïŒå€§ããªåŽé¢ïŒãåŸå å·¥ãããšæå©ã§ãããåŸå å·¥ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ç«¯é¢ã®ç åã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããæ¹æ³ã®å Žåãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãç²é¢åããå å·¥ã¹ããããèšããããããµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ããç²é¢åãç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããããããé«å§ã®æ¶²äœãåŽå°ããŠãããããã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ææãç¹ã«ïŒ£ïŒïŒéŒã¯ãå¹³åç²ãïœãïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã«ãªãããã«ç²é¢åãããããã®ãããªå¹³åç²ãã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ææäžã§ã®è»žåææã®ããããŠè¯å¥œãªä»çãéæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ããã軞åå±€ã®ããããŠæå©ãªè£œäœã®ããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®å°ãªããšãäžæ¹ã®ç«¯é¢ãåæ¿ã§è¢«èŠãããããã®åæ¿ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ç¯å²ã«ç©ŽãåããŠããããã®ç©Žã¯é£æ¥ç°¿ç«¯éšã®ç©Žãšã»ãŒåã倧ããã§ããã®ã§ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯åæ¿ã«ãã£ãŠåŠšå®³ãããããšããªããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ç¯å²ã«ããã端é¢ã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãé¿ãããããäžæ¹ã®ç«¯é¢ã ããåæ¿ã§è¢«èŠããããšãä»æ¹ã®ç«¯é¢ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãã¬ããäžã«èŒããããããã®ãã¬ããã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ã®ç¯å²ã«åæ§ã«ãåæ¿ã®ãããªç©ŽãåããŠããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠãåã ã®é£æ¥æ£ã®ç«¯éšãïŒåã®äœæ¥å·¥çšã§ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããšæå©ã§ããããã®ããã«ãè€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒïŒåãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒåã®é£æ¥æ£ã¯ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¹ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåçã圢æããããã«éããããããã®ããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ã調å¿ãããã«ããŒãç¹æ®ãã¬ããäžã«èšããããšãã§ããããã®ãã«ããŒå ã«é£æ¥æ£ãæ¿å ¥ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã®å Žåãåæã«è¢«èŠãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãããã«ç¶ããŠå çæ©é¢ã«äžç·ã«åãä»ããããã«ãã°ã«ãŒããšããŠæç¶çã«åãæ±ããããå çæ©é¢ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ïŒåããããªïŒé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãéããããšã«ãã£ãŠäžç·ã«ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããã·ãªã³ãã®æ°ïŒäŸãã°ïŒïŒã·ãªã³ãïŒã®ããã«ãããæ§é äžäžå¯èœã§ãããšãã«ã¯ãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ã·ãªã³ããã³ã¯ã®é£æ¥æ£ïŒïŒ¶ïŒïŒãšã³ãžã³ã®å Žåã«ã¯ïŒåïŒãéããŠã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããåãå質ã®é£æ¥æ£ãå çæ©é¢ã«åãä»ããããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ç¹ã«è€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ãéããŠã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããšãã«ã溶å°äžãã¬ã¹æµãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãéããŠæ¡å ããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããã¬ã¹æµãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«ãæ¡ä»¶èª¿æŽããæµåããã空æ°ãé©ããŠãããç¹ã«ã空æ°æµã¯èèªãæ°Žåãå«ãŸãªãããã«ãã¹ãã§ããããã€ã§ããã ãæå®ã®æž©åºŠç¯å²ïŒçŽïŒïŒÂ°ïŒ£ïŒå ã«ããããã«ãã¹ãã§ããã空æ°æµã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïœïŒïœã®æµéïŒç©ºæ°äžéé床ïŒãæãããã¬ã¹æµã«ãã£ãŠã溶å°æã«çºçããé£æ²«ãå¹ãé£ã°ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åææã®æº¶å°ã¯ãç¹ã«ãå転ããåŽå°ããºã«ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããããã®åŽå°ããºã«ã¯ãç¹ã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®äžæ¹ã§å転ããŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«å ¥ããããããã®ãããªåŽå°ããºã«ã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«ããããŠåäžãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãåŸããããåŽå°ããºã«ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®éã«ãé£æ¥æ£å ãžã®ç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïœïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïœïœïŒïœã®éãã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«éãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
溶å°ã®éã«ã軞åææã®è€æ°ã®å±€ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããã®å ŽåãïŒãïŒïŒåã®å±€ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æãããããã®éããã®å±€ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ç°ãªãæ¹åã«è¢«èŠããããããã¯ãå±€å質ãæ¹åããåãããããããã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®å ŽåãåŽå°ããºã«ãå éšã«æ¿å ¥ããããšããšå€ã«åºããããšãã«é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããããã®å Žåãå転ããåŽå°ããºã«ã¯ç¹ã«ãã®å転æ¹åãç¶æããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ã倧éçç£ã§è»žåææã«ãã£ãŠè¢«èŠãããããã®å Žåãäžé£ã®åã ã®é£æ¥æ£ã枬å®ãããšæå©ã§ããããã®å Žåãç¹ã«å¹³åç²ãïœããã³ãŸãã¯è»žåææèªäœïŒäŸãã°æ··åç©ã䜿çšããéã®è»žåææã®ååžã®åäžæ§ïŒã枬å®ããããé£æ¥æ£ã®æž¬å®ãéç Žå£ã§è¡ããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äžèšã®ç¹åŸŽãšæªçœ®ããã³æ¬¡ã«èª¬æããç¹åŸŽãšæªçœ®ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããæ¹æ³äžŠã³ã«é£æ¥æ£ã®ããã«åãããã«éçšããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
次ã«ãå³ãšå®æœã®åœ¢æ ã«åºã¥ããŠæ¬çºæã詳ãã説æããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äžè¿°ã®æ¹æ³ã¹ãããã¯äžéšã ããå¿ é ã§ãããåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãåã ã®æ¹æ³ã¹ãããã¯ãçç¥ãè£è¶³ã代æ¿çå®æœããã³ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ¹æ³ã¹ããããšäº€æå¯èœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
äŸãã°ä»ãŸã§è»žåã·ã§ã«ãåããŠãããããªäŸãã°ïŒ£ïŒïŒéŒããæãæ®éã®é£æ¥æ£ïŒïŒå³ïŒïŒïŒïŒãã補äœã©ã€ã³ã«çœ®ããããããã«ç¶ããŠãåŽé¢ïŒã®ç²ç åãè¡ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒãšå°ç«¯éšïŒãç²å å·¥ããããããªãã¡ãæå®ã®å¯žæ³ã«ããããæŽã«ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã®ããã®ããç©Žå å·¥ãåŽé¢ïŒã§è¡ããããããªãã¡ãç©ŽïŒãšããïŒã圢æãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ã¯ã©ããã³ã°ã®æºåã®ããã«ãã¬ãŒã¶ïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ã®è§åºŠã§é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã«å ¥ããããããã®ã¬ãŒã¶ïŒã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã®äž¡åŽã§äžå€®ã«ãããããå¹ ãçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§æ·±ããçŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®å»ã¿ç®ïŒã圢æãããããã®ä»£ããã«ããããŒãå·¥å ·ã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æããŠãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
å»ã¿ç®ïŒã圢æãããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã¯ãåŸè¿°ããããã«ããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããããã©ãºãå±€ã圢æããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã¯ãã©ãºãå±€ãšå ±ã«ãçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ®ã®ç Žå£åãæããç Žæè£ çœ®ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã©ãã¯ïŒäºè£ïŒãå ¥ãããããç Žæåæã¯ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ããïŒå§çž®ç©ºæ°ãå¹ãä»ãããïŒãç Žæããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒã«ãã£ãŠãæå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§çµã¿ç«ãŠããããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšããããã·ã¥ïŒïŒãå§å ¥ããããšã«ãã£ãŠçµã¿ç«ãŠãããããã®åŸã§ã端é¢ïŒïŒãä»äžãç åãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ä»ãã倧端éšïŒãšå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯å°ç«¯éšïŒã¯å¯žæ³ïŒïŒïŒå³ïŒïŒãšãªããããã¯ã粟å¯ããªã«ãããªãã¡ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãå®å šãªã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã枬å®ããã³åçŽããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
åæåé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
åæåé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœéçšã¯ãäžèšã®éçšãšå®è³ªçã«åãã§ããããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯åŽé¢ããããé¢ããã³ãã«ã座ããããŒãå å·¥ããåŸã§ãåæã«ãã£ãŠåé¢ããããåæã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœã®åããé¢ãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã®åããé¢ãå¥ã ã«ãããŒãå å·¥ããããããã«æŽæµã¹ããããç¶ãããã®æŽæµã¹ãããã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãç²å å·¥ããã³ä»äžãå å·¥ããããä»ããåŽé¢ã«ç©Žãšããã圢æããããšã«ãã£ãŠããã£ãããã«ããæ¿å ¥ããããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã®åããé¢ãä»äžãç åãããããäžåºŠæŽæµãããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœã«åãä»ãããããåæé¢ã«åã³ïŒŠïŒ«ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æãããç¶ããŠé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã軞åå±€ãåããããããããã®è»žåå±€ã¯ãç¶ããŠåã³ç Žæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äŸãã°è»žåã·ã§ã«ïŒïŒã®é£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒãžã®å§å ¥ã®ãããªåã ã®è£œäœã¹ãããã¯ãå·¥çšå šäœã®ç°ãªãåæã§è¡ãããšãã§ããäŸãã°ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«è¡ãããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®ããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ã¯æŽæµãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã¯é«æž©èžæ°ã§è±èããããã®åŸæ®çæ°Žåã也ç¥é€å»ãããããã®ããã«ããŠååŠçãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãïŒãïŒæ¬äžäžã«éããããã®ã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãç¹æ®ãã¬ããã®ç©Žäžã«å軞ã«äœçœ®ããããã®éãé£æ¥æ£ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãäºåå å·¥ãããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãšé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãŸãã¯åŽé¢ã«ãã£ãŠæ¹åã¥ããããŠåºå®ããããé£æ¥æ£ãèŒããç¹æ®ãã¬ããã¯ãæºåé åãçµãŠãµã³ããã©ã¹ããŠãããå ã«éããããã®ãµã³ããã©ã¹ããŠãããå ã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠçŽïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ã ïœ ãšãªããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã¯ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åãããµã³ããã©ã¹ããããè¡šé¢ã«å§çž®ç©ºæ°ãå¹ãä»ãããããååŠçãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãæåŸã«ããã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åããããã®ãã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããå転ãããã©ãºãããŒããŒã«ãã£ãŠãçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®å±€åïŒïŒã§ã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ã被èŠãããïŒå³ïŒïŒã被èŠãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ããã®åŸã§ãå·åŽé åã«éãããããããå·åŽãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ç¹æ®ãã¬ããã«ãã£ãŠåãåºãããäžè¿°ã®æ¬¡ã®å å·¥éšã«äŸçµŠãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«è»žåã·ã§ã«ãå«ãã§ããªãã®ã§ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çµã¿ç«ãŠèªäœãšãä¿ææºã®åœ¢æãŸãã¯è»žåã·ã§ã«ã®ããªåããçç¥ããããšããå©ç¹ããããããã«ããããã©ãºãå±€ã®åœ¢æã¯ã³ã¹ãçã«ç«¶äºåããããæŽã«ããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯çµã¿ç«ãŠä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ãŸãããšããã®ã¯ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çµã¿ç«ãŠãçç¥ãããšãã§ããªãããã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ã倧端éšã«ã軞åãã£ããã®ç¯å²å ã«å€§ããªãŠã§ãå¹ ãæããããšããã®ã¯ããã©ãºãå±€ã¯ãåŸå å·¥ã®åŸã§çŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®åãã§ãããªããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ããããã§ãããããã«ãããé«è² è·ãšã³ãžã³ã®ããã®é£æ¥æ£é«è² è·ããã³ãŸãã¯ééã®äœæžãå¯èœã§ãããæŽã«ãïŒåã®è»žåã·ã§ã«åäœã®éã®ééããªããªããé«è² è·ã®å Žåããã®ééã®ãšããã§æ²¹èãéåãå§ãããããã«ãã£ãŠãæ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯è¯å¥œãªæœ€æ»ç¹æ§ãæããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
被èŠåœ¢æå·¥çš
äžè¿°ã®è£œäœå·¥çšã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãååŸæ¹åã®æºãæããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¹ãè¡šé¢ã®ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¯é«æž©èžæ°ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããããã®å Žåãå®éã«ïŒïŒïŒïŒ ã®è±èãéæããããåºè³ªè¡šé¢ïŒéææãäŸãã°ïŒ£ïŒïŒïŒã®ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã¯ãAl 2 O 3 ã§çŽïŒãïŒããŒã«ã®åŽå°å§åã§ãã€ç°ãªãç²åºŠã§è¡ãªããããå³ã¡ãã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ãŸãã¯åæåé£æ¥æ£ã«ãããŠäŸµé£ãããç Žæå»ã¿ç®ã®ããã®ç¬¬ïŒåç®ã®åŽå°äœæ¥ã¯ãÏïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²åºŠã§ãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ãšååŸæ¹åæºã®ããã®ç¬¬ïŒåç®ã®åŽå°äœæ¥ã¯ãÏïŒïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²åºŠã§ããããŠåºè³ªè¡šé¢ãšååŸæ¹åæºã®ããã®ç¬¬ïŒåç®ã®åŽå°äœæ¥ã¯ãÏïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²åºŠã§è¡ããããä»ã®äœæ¥ã¹ããããšããŠãç¶ããŠã¢ã«ãããŠã âé âéâåéã«ãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããããã®å ŽåãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ãéãïŒãïŒïŒ ãã³ãã«ããïŒãïŒïŒ ãããŠãã³ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ å«ãã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ãç¹ã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ããã³ã¬ã³ãçŽïŒïŒ ãã³ãã«ããçŽïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒ ãããŠéãçŽïŒãïŒïŒ å«ãã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã第ïŒåç®ã®ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãçŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å±€åã§ãããŠå¹³åã§çŽïŒïŒÎŒïœã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ææã®ç²æ«ç²åãµã€ãºã§è¡ãããããã®å Žåããã®éœåºŠäœ¿çšãããããŒããŒã«é¢é£ãã被èŠãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã«ãã£ãŠãå±€å ã«ïŒïŒ 以äžã®å€åçãçããã幟åç²ãç²æ«ç²åïŒçŽÏïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒã«ãã£ãŠäžæããªãã§æŽã«ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããããã®å ŽåãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å±€åã圢æãããããã®å Žåãè£ çœ®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã¯ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒ ã®å€åçãéæãããããã«èª¿ç¯ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®ãããªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ååŸæ¹åæºãªãã®è»žåã«ãããŠãè¡ãããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ååŸæ¹åæºãåããåæåé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
次ã«ãå šäœã®è£œäœå·¥çšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æãããåã ã®äœæ¥ã¹ãããã¯ãæ¢è¿°ã®ããã«ãäœæ¥èšç»ã«å¿ããŠçç¥ã亀æãè£è¶³ãŸãã¯ä»ã®äœæ¥ã¹ããããšçœ®æå¯èœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£æªå å·¥åãäŸçµŠãããåŸã§ããã®é£æ¥æ£æªå å·¥åã¯è£œé ã©ã€ã³äžã«çœ®ãããããã®è£œé ã©ã€ã³ã§ã¯ã端é¢ïŒïŒã®äºåç åïŒç²ç åïŒãšãããŒãå å·¥ãè¡ããããç¶ããŠãåŽé¢ïŒããããé¢ããã³ãã«ã座ããããŒãå å·¥ãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãåé¢ãããããã®åŸã§ãåããé¢ïŒïŒãšé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã®ãããŒãå å·¥ãè¡ãããããã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã¯åå¥ã«å å·¥ããããéšåãæŽæµããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒãç²å å·¥ããã³ä»äžãå å·¥ãããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãïŒïŒã®ããã«ç©Žãšãããåããããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒã«è»žåããã·ã¥ïŒïŒãå§å ¥ãããæŒå§ãããé¢åãããããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã®åããé¢ïŒïŒã¯ä»äžãç åãããå šäœãããäžåºŠæŽæµãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã¯æå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§é£æ¥æ£æ¬äœã«ç· çµããããããŠååŸæ¹åæºïŒïŒã䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãæºããäŸãã°ãã©ã€ã¹å å·¥ãŸãã¯æç€å å·¥ã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã©ãºãå±€ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãåŸã§éæŸããããã«ãç Žæå»ã¿ç®ããäŸãã°ãšããŒãžã§ã³ãŸãã¯ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æããããããã«ç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
å¿ èŠãªå Žåã«ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ã®çš®é¡ã®å¿ããŠããªã€ã«éè·¯ãïŒé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãéã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãŸã§ïŒç©¿åããããšãã§ãããããã¯ã¬ãœãªã³ãšã³ãžã³ã®å Žåã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããããŠãã®å Žåãã£ãŒãŒã«ãšã³ãžã³ã§è¡ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
被èŠããããã©ãºãå±€ïŒïŒã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãïŒïŒãåŒããããšã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã©ãã¯ãå ¥ãããããããã¯ããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«å¿ããŠããã°ãã°ãã©ãºãå±€ïŒïŒã®å éšå¿åã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒãåãå€ãããç Žæåæãå¹ãé£ã°ãã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒãåã³åãä»ããããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãïŒïŒãæå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§ç· ãä»ãããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãäž¡åŽãé¢åãããããããŠéžæã«å¿ããŠååŸæ¹åæºã®ãšããžãç ŽæãããïŒäžžããããïŒã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®åŸã§ã端é¢ïŒïŒãä»äžãç åãããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒãä»äžãç©¿åãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã軞åå±€ïŒïŒäžã«åºæã®è»žåé¢ïŒïŒã圢æã埮å°åïŒïŒãé²åºãããããã«ãä»äžãã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ãããããã®åŸã®æŽæµã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ã枬å®ãããåçŽãããããã®å Žå奜ãŸããã¯ãïŒã€ã®èª€å·®ççŽãéžæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®ããã«ããŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãçµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§å解ãããçµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§å çæ©é¢ã®ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žïŒïŒã«åãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªã€ã«éè·¯ãç©¿åããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®äž¡åŽãé¢åãããéžæã«å¿ããŠååŸæ¹åã®æºãšããžãäžžããããšãã§ãããããã«ç¶ããŠã端é¢ã®ä»äžãç åãè¡ãããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãä»äžãç©¿åãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãä»äžãã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ããããåçŽãå«ããŠé£æ¥æ£ã®æŽæµåã³æž¬å®ãããåŸã§ãç¹ã«çŽæ¥çµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ããåŒããããšã«ãã£ãŠãã©ãºãå±€ã«ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããåãå€ãããç ŽæåæãäŸãã°å¹ãé£ã°ãã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ãããããããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã¯å çæ©é¢ã®ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«åãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äŸãã°é£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãçšç©Žããããããããšã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£ã«ããããã£ããã®ãããé²æ¢ãæå©ã«è¡ããããããã«ãã£ãŠããã©ãºãå±€ã«ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããéã«çãããããããåã³äºãã«åäžã«é åãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
é£æ¥æ£æªå å·¥åïŒææã¯äŸãã°ïŒ£ïŒïŒïŒã補äœã©ã€ã³äžã«çœ®ãããç²ç åãããããã®å ŽåãåŽé¢ãå¹³ãã«ç åããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãšå°ç«¯éšã®ç²å å·¥ãšã軞åãã£ããã®ããã®ãã«ãç©Žå å·¥ïŒç©¿åãšããåãïŒãè¡ãããã軞åã®çš®é¡ã«å¿ããŠãäŸãã°ãã©ã€ã¹å å·¥ãŸãã¯æç€å å·¥ã«ãã£ãŠãïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®ååŸæ¹åæºãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«äŸãã°ïŒŠïŒ«ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æãããããã®ã¬ãŒã¶ã¯é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«ïŒïŒÂ°ã§å ¥ãããããã¬ãŒã¶åºåã¯çŽïŒïœïŒ·ã§ããããã®å Žåãäž¡åŽã«ãããŠãçŽïŒïœïœåŒ±ã®å¹ ãšïŒïŒïŒïœïœåŒ±ã®æ·±ãã®å»ã¿ç®ã倧端éšã®äžå€®ã«åœ¢æãããããã®å»ã¿ç®ã¯ãããŒãå·¥å ·ã«ãã£ãŠãããã¯ãšããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããããšãã§ãããçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ®ã®ç Žæåãæããç Žæè£ çœ®ã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããããé£æ¥æ£è»žåãã£ãããåãå€ãããç ŽæåæãäŸãã°å§çž®ç©ºæ°ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£è»žåãã£ãããåã³åãä»ããããé£æ¥æ£è»žåãã£ãããã«ããæå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§ç· ãä»ããããããã®åŸãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããã軞åããã·ã¥ãé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšã«å§å ¥ããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®äž¡åŽãé¢åããããé£æ¥æ£åŽé¢ãä»äžãç åãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãšé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšã粟å¯ç©¿åãŸãã¯ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã®å®å šãªã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ïŒæŽæµïŒãšæž¬å®ãšåçŽãè¡ããããçµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§é£æ¥æ£ãå解ãããå çæ©é¢ã®ããã®ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«åãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ç¹ã«é£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ããåŒããããšã«ãããã©ãºãå±€ã®ã¯ã©ãã¯åœ¢æã¯ãçŽæ¥çµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§ãããã¯ãã®åã®æç¹ã§ãè¡ãããšãã§ããããã©ãºãå±€ã®ã¯ã©ãã¯åœ¢æã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããç Žæåæãã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ïŒå¹ãé£ã°ãïŒããããšãæšå¥šãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
é£æ¥æ£ãæŽæµãããå°ãªããšãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãé«æž©èžæ°ã«ãã£ãŠè±èãããç¶ããŠã§ããã ãäœãæ®çæ°Žåå«æéãŸã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããããè€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«å¯ŸããŠå軞ã«éããŠç¹æ®ãã¬ããäžã«ç©ã¿éããããïŒéåžžã¯ïŒãïŒåã®é£æ¥æ£ïŒããã®å Žåãåºå®ã¯é£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãšé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãŸãã¯åŽé¢ãä»ããŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããç©è·ãããç¹æ®ãã¬ããã¯ããã¥ãŒãã©ã«ãŸãŒã³ãçµãŠãµã³ããã©ã¹ããŠãããã«å ¥ããããäœçœ®æ±ºãããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã¯ãäžèšã®ç åçŽã«ãã£ãŠçŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ãã«ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãå å·¥ããããç¶ããŠãç¹æ®ãã¬ããããµã³ããã©ã¹ãå å·¥ããé£æ¥æ£ãšå ±ã«ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åããããã®ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããµã³ããã©ã¹ãå å·¥ãããè¡šé¢ã«å§çž®ç©ºæ°ãå¹ãä»ãããããæŽã«ãç¹æ®ãã¬ããããã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åããããã®ãã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãå ãæåã«å°åã®å°ãªããç¶ããŠå°åã幟åå€ãå šäœåããïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®ã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ããæãå±€ã§ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãå·åŽé åã«ç§»åããããããã¬ãããå·åŽããåŸã§æ¬¡ã®å å·¥ã®ããã«ãã¬ããããåãå€ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã¯ã軞åã·ã§ã«ãšãã®çµã¿ç«ãŠäžŠã³ã«ä¿ææºãšãã®ããã®ããªåããçç¥ããããšãã§ãããšããå¹æããããããã«ãã£ãŠãçµã¿ç«ãŠä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ãŸãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã°ã«ãã£ãŠã軞åãã£ããåºå®éšã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠå€§ããªãŠã§ãå¹ ïŒå°ããªé£æ¥æ£ç©ŽçŽåŸïŒãåŸãããããªããªãã軞åã·ã§ã«åããçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ããã«å¯ŸããŠããã©ãºãå±€ã¯ïŒïŒïŒïœïœãããèãããã§ãããããã«ãã£ãŠãé«è² è·ãšã³ãžã³ã«ãããŠé£æ¥æ£ã«é«ãè² è·ãäžããããšãŸãã¯æãçšåºŠã®ééäœæžãå¯èœã§ãããæŽã«ãæ§é çãªåå ã«ããäºæ ã«ãã£ãŠã¯æ²¹èãéåããããšã«ãªããïŒåã®è»žåã·ã§ã«åäœã®éã®ééãç¡ããªãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãã£ãŠãè¯å¥œãªæœ€æ»ç¹æ§ãéæããããåæã«ã誀差ãå°ãããªãããªããªãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãã£ãŠèª€å·®ççŽãç¡ããªãããã§ãããå°ããªè£œäœèª€å·®ã«ãã£ãŠè¯å¥œãªãšã³ãžã³å転ãéæãããããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãããŠååŸæ¹åæºã䜿çšããããšã«ããã軞åã®é«è·éãšãæ··åæ©æŠæéã®äœæžãéæãããã埮å°å§å宀ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æºãšçµã¿åãããŠãæ©æŠä¿æ°ãæ¹åãããæºã¯ãä»ã®æ»ã軞åææã§è¢«èŠããŠãããããã®æ»ãæ©æŠææã¯ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãååå å·¥ããåŸã§æºå ã«ååšããããã®ãããªè»žåææã¯ãéãäºéãŸãã¯ããã±ã«ãããŒã¹ãšãããã®ã§ãã£ãŠããããããã«ãã£ãŠã軞åã®é«è·éãŸãã¯å¯¿åœãéæå¯èœã§ããã
ãå³é¢ã®ç°¡åãªèª¬æã
ãå³ïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ã®æ£é¢å³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ã®åŽé¢å³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®å±€æ§é ã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žãžã£ãŒãã«ãšåŸ®å°åã®è»žåå±€ãåããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
ïŒã€ã®ååŸæ¹å最æ»æºãåããå³ïŒã®é£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
è€æ°ã®ååŸæ¹å最æ»æºãåããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
ãçºæã®å称ã è€å軞åãåããé£æ¥æ£
ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãé 眮ããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã溶å°ããã軞åå±€ã®å°ãªããšãå±€äžåŽã«åŸ®å°åã圢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã å€åçãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã 溶å°ãããäžåŽã®è»žåå±€äžã«ãé«ãå€åçãæãã溶å°ãããäžåŽã®è»žåå±€ã被èŠåœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã ååå å·¥ã«ããåŸå å·¥ããäœãå€åçãæãã溶å°ãããäžåŽã®è»žåå±€å ãŸã§è¡ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã å€åçãïŒå šäœã®å容ç©ã«å¯ŸããïŒã»ãŒéããåã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºããããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã 軞åå±€ã«æºã圢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãé 眮ããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã軞åå±€ã«æºã圢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã è€æ°ã®æºã軞åå±€ã«åœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒã æºãå圢ãŸãã¯å°åœ¢ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºåŽé¢ã®è§åºŠãïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºã®æ·±ããïŒïŒïŒãïŒïœïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºã溶å°ã®åã«åœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãååŸæ¹åéšåãæããç¹ã«äž»ãšããŠååŸæ¹åã«å»¶ã³ãŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãéããŠããŠãç¹ã«ãªã³ã°ç¶ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ããã軞åææãæ©æ¢°çã«åŸå å·¥ãç¹ã«ååå å·¥ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãå šããŸãã¯æ®ãã®è»žåå±€ãããå°ãããåŸå å·¥ãããªãè«æ±é ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒã«åŸå±ããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææããã©ãºã溶å°ã«ãã£ãŠè¢«èŠåœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææãšããŠãéå±ãç¹ã«åéã被èŠåœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææã被èŠåœ¢æããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ã®ç«¯é¢ãåŸå å·¥ãç¹ã«ç åãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææã被èŠåœ¢æããåã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãç¹ã«ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠç²é¢åãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ã  ãšãªãããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ãç²é¢åãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã ç²é¢åãç°ãªãç²åºŠã«ããè€æ°ã®ã¹ãããã§ãç¹ã«ç²ãç²åºŠã®åã«çŽ°ããç²åºŠã§è¡ãããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ïŒåãŸãã¯è€æ°åã®ç²ãç²åºŠã«ããç²é¢åãç¶ããŠè¡ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã è€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ãã軞åææã§ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¹ããã®é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãå軞ã«éããŠåŠçãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïœïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïœïœïŒïœã®éãã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãééããŠè¡ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææãè€æ°ã®å±€ãå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ç°ãªãå±€ãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒåã®å±€ã§è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããã®å±€ã軞åå±€ã圢æããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯éšåçã«åã³é€å»ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åææããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯åŸå å·¥ã®åŸã§ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®åãã«åœ¢æãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãå»ã¿ç®åœ¢æãšç Žæã«ãã£ãŠéæŸãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°äžãã¬ã¹æµãç¹ã«ç©ºæ°æµãïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒïœã®æµéã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãéããŠæ¡å ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãèšãããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åå±€ææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã«ãããŠã軞åå±€ãå°ãªããšãå±€äžåŽã«åŸ®å°åãæããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããé£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã å€åçãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®ç¯å²å ã®åŸ®å°åãå容ç©ã®å°ãªããšãïŒïŒïŒ ã圢æããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã å€åçãäž»ãšããŠéããåã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åå±€ã«æºãèšããããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«è»žåå±€ãèšãããããã®è»žåå±€ã軞åå±€ææã溶å°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æããããé£æ¥æ£ã«ãããŠã軞åå±€ã«æºãèšããããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããé£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãååŸæ¹åéšåãæããç¹ã«å°ãªããšãäž»ãšããŠååŸæ¹åã«å»¶ã³ãŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãéããŠããŠãç¹ã«ãªã³ã°ç¶ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 軞åå±€ãè€æ°ã®æºãå«ãã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ã®åã«æºã圢æãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã 溶å°ããã軞åå±€ãååå å·¥ãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ããããäžã€ã«èšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã æºãå°ããããŸãã¯å šãååå å·¥ããªãã§åŸå å·¥ãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããè«æ±é ïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒïŒèšèŒã«åŸå±ããè«æ±é ïŒïŒèšèŒã®é£æ¥æ£ã
ãçºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªèª¬æã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã¯ãè«æ±é ïŒã®äžäœæŠå¿µã«èšèŒããé£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããã®æ¹æ³ãšãè«æ±é ïŒïŒã®äžäœæŠå¿µã«èšèŒããé£æ¥æ£ã«é¢ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ä»æ¥äœ¿çšããããç¹ã«å çæ©é¢çšã®é£æ¥æ£ã¯ãããããåæåé£æ¥æ£ãšããŠãŸãã¯ã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ãšããŠåœ¢æãããããã®å Žåãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žãåãå²ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã¯ãåæãããããŸãã¯ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšã¯éåžžã¯éæŸãããªãããšããã®ã¯ãçã£çŽããªãã³ãä»ããŠãã¹ãã³ã«é£çµãããããã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åã®è·éã«å¿ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯ç°ãªã軞åã·ã§ã«ïŒæ»ã軞åïŒãåããŠããã軞åã·ã§ã«ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«ãæ¯æã·ã§ã«ææã䜿çšãããããã®æ¯æã·ã§ã«ææã¯ãéåžžã¯ïŒ€ïŒ©ïŒ® ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãŸãã¯ïŒ³ïŒ¡ïŒ¥ ïŒïŒïŒïŒã«ããéŒïŒ£ïŒïŒã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ã圢ç¶ãçšéã«å¿ããŠå·é硬åãããããšãã§ããããã®æ¯æã·ã§ã«ææã«ã¯ãæ¬æ¥ã®æ»ã軞åå±€ãäŸãã°ãã¯ã€ãã¡ã¿ã«ãééé ã軜éå±ãã¹ããã¿å±€çããäºæ³ããã軞åè·éã«å¿ããŠè¢«èŠåœ¢æãããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ãïŒæå軞åã·ã§ã«ãïŒæå軞åã·ã§ã«ãŸãã¯äžå®è»žåã·ã§ã«çãšããŠåœ¢æããããçµã¿ç«ãŠã®åŸã§è»žåã·ã§ã«ãç³ãåãªãåºçãããããã«ããããã«ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯åæå¿åãå ããŠåãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ãææçãªã³ã¹ãèŠå ã§ããã ãã§ãªãã補é ã³ã¹ãèŠå ãæãããã€æ éæºã§ããããäŸãã°çµã¿ç«ãŠæã«è»žåã·ã§ã«ãŸãã¯è»žåã·ã§ã«åäœã®æ¿å ¥ãå¿ããããšããããããã«ãã£ãŠé倧ãªãšã³ãžã³ãžã®é害ãçããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã®èª²é¡ã¯ã最æ»äœçšã®å€§ããªé£æ¥æ£è»žåã補äœããããšã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®èª²é¡ã¯æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããŠã¯è«æ±é ïŒããã³ãŸãã¯ïŒã®æªçœ®ã«ãã£ãŠè§£æ±ºãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ã«é¢ããŠã¯ã課é¡ã¯è«æ±é ïŒïŒããã³ãŸãã¯ïŒïŒã®ç¹åŸŽã«ãã£ãŠè§£æ±ºãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
åŸå±è«æ±é ã¯å¥œãŸããå®æœåœ¢ã瀺ããŠããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã§ã¯ãç¹ã«é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã§ãããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯é£æ¥æ£äž¡ç«¯éšã§ãããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ãã¯ãæ¿å ¥ãããã軞åå±€ã溶å°ã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«çŽæ¥çã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æãããã溶å°ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«ãã©ãºã溶å°ã䜿çšããããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãç¹ã«å çæ©é¢ã®éšåã§ããã軞åå±€äžã®æ®çæ²¹éãå¢å€§ãããããã«ã軞åå±€ã¯æºãæããããã³ãŸãã¯å€åæ§ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£è»žåã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®ãã圢æã¯ã軞ååã確å®ã«ãã€èš±å®¹æž©åºŠã§äŒéããããã«ã軞åã®èæ©èèšèšããã³æ§é ãå¿ èŠãšãããèæ©èæ§ã¯ãæ»ãé¢ãèè·éèœåã®ãã最æ»èïŒæ²¹èïŒã«ãã£ãŠäºãã«åé¢ãããŠãããšãã«éæãããããã®ãããªæœ€æ»èã¯æ»ã軞åã®å Žåãããåå¿ãã軞æ¯æ¿ã«ãã£ãŠçãããããã«ãããå転軞ã¯ãã³ãäœçšãæãããã®ãã³ãäœçšã¯ã最æ»å€ïŒãšã³ãžã³ãªã€ã«ïŒãïŒåå¿ããïŒè»žåééå ã«æ¬éããããã®å Žåãåæãã軞åééã§ã¯æ²¹å§ãé«ãŸããããªãã¡ã最æ»å€ã¯æãçã暪æé¢å ã«æŒã蟌ãŸããããã®å Žåã軞ã®å転éåãéå§ããããšããŸãã¯éåžžã«ãã£ããã§ãããšãã«ãâå¢ç最æ»âïŒå¢çé¢æ©æŠâãžã£ãŒãã«äžã®è»žåææïŒã®ç¶æ ãçãããå転éåãéããªãããšã«ãããã€ãªãã£ãŠããæ²¹èããŸã 圢æãããŠããªããŠããæ²¹èã¯ãžã£ãŒãã«ãæ¯æããåãããããããã¯âæ··åæ©æŠâãããªãã¡åæã«è¡ãããå¢çé¢æ©æŠãšæµäœæ©æŠã®ç¶æ ã§ããããã®ç¶æ ã¯äž»ãšããŠãšã³ãžã³ã®å§åããã³åæ¢æã«çãããå転é床ãæŽã«äžæãããšã軞åéã³ã®ååã®åãã®ãæµäœååŠçã«æ¯æãã最æ»èå±€ã圢æãããããã®ç¶æ ã¯âæµäœæ©æŠâã§ããããã®å Žåã軞åéã³ã¯éåžžã¯ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é©åœãªè»žåææã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£ïŒå€§ïŒç«¯éšãæ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããã€æ»ã軞åå±€å ã«åŸ®å°åããã³ãŸãã¯æºãçºçãããããšã«ãããé£æ¥æ£è»žåå ã«å€§ããªãªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ïŒãªã€ã«å容容ç©ïŒã圢æããããããã«ãã£ãŠãçžå¯Ÿçã«éåããéšåã®æ©æŠã²ããŠã¯æ©èããç¹ã«å¢ç最æ»ããã³æ··åæ©æŠã®éã«äœäžããããªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ã¯å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®æºãé£æ¥æ£è»žåã«åœ¢æããããšã«ãã£ãŠå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åãããããã®æºã¯ãååŸæ¹åæºãšããŠåœ¢æãããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããªã€ã«ä¿æèœåãæŽã«é«ããããã«ããã®æºã¯å å·¥ããªãã§ãã®ãŸãŸã«ãªã£ãŠãããããªãã¡ã補äœäžã®åå ã§ç²ãè¡šé¢æ§é ãæããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
奜ãŸããã¯ååå å·¥ãããæ»ã軞åé¢ã®å€åæ§ãæãããå§åã«å¯ŸããŠå®å®ããŠããè¡šé¢æ§é ãšãéåžžã«ç²ãè¡šé¢æ§é ãæããå å·¥ãããŠããªãæºã¯ããããªã軞åç¶æ ã§ããå転éåãæ²¹å§ã«é¢ä¿ãªããæãçšåºŠã®ãªã€ã«ã軞åå ã«è²¯èµããåãããããããã«ãããäœãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žå転æ°ã®ãšãã«æ¢ã«å¢çé¢æ©æŠãšæ··åæ©æŠã®ç¶æ ãééããããã«ãã£ãŠïŒã»ãšãã©ïŒæ©èããªãæµäœååŠç最æ»ç¶æ ãæ©ãéæããããšãã§ãããããªãã¡ããšã³ãžã³å§åç¶æ ããã³ãšã³ãžã³åæ¢ç¶æ ã§ã®ç·æ¥æå転ç¹æ§ãå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åããããããã«ãã£ãŠãåã軞å寞æ³ã§å€§ããªè»žåè·éãå¯èœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã¯æ¬¡ã®å¹æãå¥ãããé£æ¥æ£ã®å Žåäžè¬çã§ãããæ»ã軞åé¢ã圢æãã軞åã·ã§ã«ãçç¥å¯èœã§ããããšããã®ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããã°ã軞åã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ææã«åœ¢æãããã®ã§ãããç¹å¥ã«äœ¿çšãããèŠçŽ ã«ã¯åœ¢æãããªãããã§ãããããã«ããåæã«ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çµã¿ç«ãŠãäžèŠã§ããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çç¥ããã³ãŸãã¯æ¬çºæã«ããæ»ã軞åå±€ã®åååŸå å·¥ã«ããã誀差ã¯å°ãããªããæ®éã®é£æ¥æ£è»žåã®å Žåã«ã¯ãïŒã€ã®èª€å·®ãããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ã¯ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã®èª€å·®ã§ããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ã¯é£æ¥æ£å ã®ïŒè»žåã·ã§ã«ã®ïŒæ»ãå±€ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ã¯è»žåã·ã§ã«ãæ¿å ¥ããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ããããæ¬çºæã«ããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšè»žåå±€ã®åŸå å·¥ã«ãã£ãŠã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ãç¡ããªããæŽã«ãæ¬çºæã«ããã°ããã«ãç¯å²ã«å€§ããªææåããæããããšããã®ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããã°ã被èŠåœ¢æããã軞åå±€ã¯ã軞åã·ã§ã«ãããèãåããæããããã§ãããããã«ãããé£æ¥æ£ã®å€åœ¢å¯žæ³ãåãå Žåã§ã倧ããªè·éãå¯èœã§ããã第ïŒã®èª€å·®ïŒé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®èª€å·®ïŒã¯ãæ¬çºæã®å Žåã«ã¯ãéåžžã«å€§ãŸãã«å¯žæ³èšå®å¯èœã§ããããšããã®ã¯ã第ïŒã®èª€å·®å¯žæ³ãŸã§äŸãã°ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«ïŒç²Ÿå¯ããŒãã³ã°ïŒã«ãã£ãŠé€å»ãããåŸç¶ã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãã£ãŠããã®ç¬¬ïŒã®èª€å·®ãçžæ®ºãããããã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããã°ã軞åå±€ã¯ãå°ãªããšãè¡šé¢ã«æãçšåºŠã®å€åæ§ãæããããã«æº¶çãããããã®å€åæ§ã¯ãäŸãã°é žåç©ã®å°ã蟌ãã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããã埮å°åãæãã軞åå±€ã圢æãããããšã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããããã®é žåç©ã¯å±€è¡šé¢ã®åŸå å·¥æé²åºãããå€åçã¯è»žåé¢ã«ãããŠå¥œãŸããã¯çŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã§ãããæŽã«ã埮å°åãäºãã«æ¥ç¶ããŠãããã埮å°åã®å容ç©ãäž»ãšããŠéããåã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããŠãããšæå©ã§ããããã®åŸ®å°åã¯æµäœååŠç埮å°å§å宀最æ»ã·ã¹ãã ã圢æããããã®å Žåã埮å°åã¯äŸãã°è¡šé¢å å·¥ïŒäŸãã°ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ïŒã®ååå 工工çšã«ãã£ãŠéæŸãããããã®å Žåãæ»ã軞åé¢å ã®åã¯ãªã€ã«ä¿æ宀ãšããŠã®åããããã®ã§ããšã³ãžã³ã¹ã¿ãŒããŸãã¯ãšã³ãžã³åæ¢ã®ç¬éã«ãããã³ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã®å転ãéå§ããããšããŸãã¯åŸã ã«åæ¢ãããšãã«ãäŸãã°æ»ã軞åå ã®æ²¹å§ãæ¢ã«äœäžããŠããããŸãã¯äžæãããªããã°ãªããªããŠãã埮å°åããã®ãšã³ãžã³ãªã€ã«ãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«ä»çããããšã«ãã£ãŠãæ»ããã£ã«ã 圢æïŒæµäœæ©æŠïŒã®ããã«å åãªæ²¹éãäŸããããæ¬çºæã«ãã埮å°å§å宀ã·ã¹ãã ã«ãã£ãŠãæ··åæ©æŠã®ç¯å²ãå€§å¹ ã«çããªããããã«ãã£ãŠãéåéãé«åéãŸãã¯ããã±ã«åéçã®ãããªä»å çãªæ»ã軞åç©è³ªãæ¿å ¥ããªãã§ã軞åã®ç·æ¥æå転ç¹æ§ãå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åããããåã®å€§ãããšåã®å®¹ç©ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãæ»ãè¡šé¢ã®è»žåè·éã«å¿ããŠæº¶å°æã«èª¿ç¯ããããéåžžã¯ãå容ç©ã®å€§éšåã¯ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å€§ããã®åã«ååšããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ãã軞åå±€ã®è£œäœæã®æ®éã®å·¥çšã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã§ãããå ãæåã«ã被èŠãã¹ãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ïŒäŸãã°é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒãã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ãããç¹ã«èèªãé€å»ããããããã¯äŸãã°é«æž©èžæ°ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããç¶ããŠãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ãäŸãã°Al2O3ã«ãã£ãŠãµã³ããã©ã¹ãããããåŽå°å§ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒããŒã«ãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒããŒã«ã§ããããã®éã奜ãŸããã¯ç°ãªãç²åºŠã§å å·¥ãããããã®å Žåã奜ãŸããã¯ãå¢å€§ããç²åºŠã䜿çšããããããªãã¡ãå ãæåã«çŽ°ããç²åã§ã次ã«ç²ãç²åã§ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãããããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ç°ãªãç²åºŠã䜿çšããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããã®å Žåãç²åºŠã¯æ®éã®ã¡ãã·ã¥ç¯å²å ã«ããã现ããç²åºŠã®ããã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒä»¥äžãç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒã䜿çšããããäžéã®ç²åºŠã®ããã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒãç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒãïŒïŒã®ç²åã®å€§ããã䜿çšããããç²ãç²åºŠã®ããã«ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒãç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒããç¹ã«ã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒæšæºç¶²ç®ãµã€ãºïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒãŸã§ã®ç²åã䜿çšãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã®éã®ç°ãªãç²åºŠã«ãã£ãŠãå»ã¿ç®ãäŸãã°ç Žæå»ã¿ç®ãŸãã¯æºã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠããè¯å¥œãªè¡šé¢ç²ããåŸãããããã®å Žåãæ»ãããªç¯å²ã«ãããŠã¯ãã§çŽïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒÎŒïœã®ãã§çŽïŒïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ãã®è¡šé¢æ§é ãåŸãããããã®ãããªãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ããç²ãã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£äžã®æº¶å°å±€ã®ä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ãããããŠè¯å¥œã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ç¶ããŠãAlCuFeåéïŒã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ïŒã«ãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããã奜ãŸããã¯å€åçãå¢å€§ãã溶å°è»žåå±€ãäœãããããã®å Žåã第ïŒã®å±€ãšããŠãå°ããªå€åçïŒïŒïŒ 以äžãç¹ã«ïŒïŒ 以äžïŒãæããå±€ãäœãããããã®ããã«ã¯äŸãã°ïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒïŒïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²æ«ç²åãµã€ãºãé©ããŠããããã®äžåŽã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯çŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å±€åã§äœãããããã®çµæããã®å ŽåãçŽïŒãïŒïŒ ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ ã®å€åçã®å±€ãåŸãããããã®å ŽåãäŸãã°çŽïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒïŒïŒïŒã®å€§ããã®ç²æ«ç²åã䜿çšãããããã®å Žåãç²æ«ç²åãµã€ãºã¯ãç²æ«ã®å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãç¹ã«å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãæšæºç¶²ç®ãµã€ãºä»¥äžã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãç¹ã«å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ã次ã®ççŽå ã«ãããæŽã«å°ãªããšãïŒïŒééïŒ ãïŒåã®çŽåŸïŒããŒãã¡ãã·ã¥ãµã€ãºïŒå ã«ããããã«éžå®ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®å Žåãå±€åã¯ãåæ§ã«äžåŽã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®ããã«èšèŒããç¯å²å ã§éžæããããïŒã€ã ãã®å±€ã圢æãããšãã«ã¯ããã®å±€ã®åãã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åå±€ã®è¢«èŠåœ¢æã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒåã®äœæ¥å·¥çšã§è¡ããããããªãã¡ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯äžæãããªããç°ãªãå€åçãéæããããã«ãèªåçãªç²æ«ããã³ãŸãã¯ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã®é©åãè¡ããããšæå©ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äžåŽã®è»žåå±€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãäŸãã°è»žåã·ã§ã«ã®ç Žæã®éã«é£æ¥æ£ã®ã¯ã©ãã¯åœ¢æã«ãã£ãŠçããéå圢éšïŒä»£è¡šçãªéå圢éšã¯ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒãèŠããåŸå å·¥ã®ããã«ååãªåããåŸãããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ã®è»žåææäžã«æ¹æ³æè¡çã«ç°¡åã«è¢«èŠåœ¢æå¯èœãªç¹ã«å€åæ§ã®ä»ã®å±€ã«ãã£ãŠèŠãããšãã§ããããã®å±€ã¯æ¬æ¥ã®æ»ã軞åå±€ïŒå°ããªå€åæ§å±€ïŒå ãŸã§å€§ããªåé¡ãªãé€å»å¯èœã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããå±€å éšå¿åã®èª¿æŽãé£æ¥æ£ã®å°ãã®çŒãããã³æ»ã軞åå±€ã®å€§ããªä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ãéæãããããã®ä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ã¯éåžžã¯ïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïœïœïŒä»¥äžãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïœïœïŒä»¥äžã§ãããïŒïŒïŒ®ïŒïœïœïŒä»¥äžã®ä»çåŒåŒµã匷床ãå¯èœã§ãããã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ã«ãã£ãŠäŸãã°çŽïŒïŒïŒïŒšïŒ¶ïŒïŒïŒä»¥äžã®å±€ç¡¬ããåŸãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äž»ãšããŠãã£ãŒãŒã«ãšã³ãžã³ã«ãããŠèšãããããããªãé£æ¥æ£ãç¹ã«é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®é«è·éæ»ã軞åå±€ã®ããã«ãæ»ã軞åå±€å ã®æ®æ²¹éãå¢å€§ããããšæå©ã§ãããããã¯æ¬çºæã«åŸããæ»ã軞åå±€å ã«ïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æœ€æ»æºã圢æããããšã«ããããšã³ãžã³åæ¢æãŸãã¯ã¢ã€ããªã³ã°å転æ°ä»¥äžã®ãšã³ãžã³å転æ°ã«ãããŠãªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ãå¢å€§ãããããšã«ãã£ãŠéæããããããã«ãã£ãŠããšã³ãžã³å§åãŸãã¯ãšã³ãžã³åæ¢æã«ãæ··åæ©æŠã®ç¯å²ã¯çæéã§ééãããããã®çãæéã¯æ»ããã£ã«ã ã®é·æéã®ç¶æãŸãã¯è¿ éãªåœ¢æã®çµæã§ããããã®æ»ããã£ã«ã ã¯ã埮å°åããã³ïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æºããã®ãšã³ãžã³ãªã€ã«ãã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«ä»çããããšã«ãã£ãŠçãããç¹ã«å€åæ§è¡šé¢ãšå ±ã«ã軞åå±€ã«å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®æºã圢æããããšã«ãã£ãŠããã³ãã®æ²¹å§ãæ¢ã«äœäžããŠããããäžæãå§ãããšãã§ãã最æ»èã¯âé·æéâç¶æããããæºãäž»ãšããŠååŸæ¹åã«ãããªãã¡åšæ¹åã«å»¶ã³ãŠãããšãæºå¹æãç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããã®éãæºãéããŠãããšãããªãã¡ç¡ç«¯æºãç¹ã«ãªã³ã°ç¶ã®ç¡ç«¯æºã§ãããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããæºã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒ¶å圢ãŸãã¯å°åœ¢ã«åœ¢æãããããã®å Žåãæºã®åŽé¢ã¯äºãã«ç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ããªããŠãããæºã®æ·±ãã¯ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïœïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœãé©ããŠãããæºã®æ°ã¯ãç¹ã«ãæ»ã軞åã®å¹ ãæ»ã軞åã®æ¥è§Šé¢ç©ã®å²åããã³å¿ èŠãªä»å çãªãªã€ã«ä¿æ容ç©ã«äŸåãããäžèšã®æºåœ¢ç¶ãšæºæ·±ãã¯ã溶å°ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°åã®ç¶æ ã§ããã溶å°ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšããŠãã©ãºã溶å°ã䜿çšãããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æºã圢æããåŸã§ãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãæ»ãå±€ãç¹ã«äžèšã®ç°ãªãå€åçã®è€å軞åå±€ã§è¢«èŠããããããã«ç¶ã軞åé¢ã®åŸå å·¥ã®éãç¹ã«æºã¯å šãåã¯å°ãããåŸå å·¥ãããªãã®ã§ãç²ãïŒãã©ãºãïŒå±€æ§é ãããããŠè¯å¥œãªãªã€ã«ä¿æãçããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åå±€ã®æº¶å°ã®éã«ãéå±ã溶å°ããããšæå©ã§ããããã®å Žåã奜ãŸããã¯éå±åéã䜿çšããããæŽã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ãããããªéå±ã®æ··åç©ïŒç¹ã«éå±åéïŒã䜿çšãããããã®ãããªæ··åç©ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãšé«ã®æ··åç©ã§ããããã®å Žåãåã ã®æåãç²æ«åœ¢æ ã§æ··åããããšã«ãã£ãŠãæ··åç©ãç¹ã«æå©ã«åŸããããéå±ç²æ«ã®åçŽã¯ç¹ã«åã ã®æº¶å°ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã«äŸåããå°é家ã«ããäžé£ã®å®éšã§å®¹æã«æ€åºå¯èœã§ããã軞åææãšããŠã¯ãéé ãç¹ã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ïŒã¢ã«ãããŠã ïŒé«ïŒã奜ãŸããããé éé ãéå±âè»è³ªç©è³ªâå±€ããã³ãŸãã¯éå±âåºäœæœ€æ»ç©è³ªâå±€ã䜿çšããããšãã§ãããè»è³ªç©è³ªãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°éã®ãããªè»è³ªéå±ã䜿çšããããã®è»è³ªéå±ã¯äŸãã°ã¢ã«ãããŠã åéïŒã¢ã«ãããŠã ïŒé ïŒãã°ãã·ãŠã ïŒã¯ãã ïŒã®ãããªç¡¬ãéå±å ã«åé ããããããããè»è³ªç©è³ªãšããŠãäŸãã°ãã«ãªãããªããŒïŒäŸãã°ããªããã©ãã«ãªããšãã¬ã³ïŒã®ãããªä»ã®ææã䜿çšããããšãã§ãããåºäœæœ€æ»ç©è³ªãšããŠã¯ãäŸãã°äºç¡«åã¢ãªããã³ãçªåããŠçŽ ãŸãã¯ã°ã©ãã¡ã€ãã®ãããªååç©ãé©ããŠããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åææãéå°ã«æº¶å°ãããšæå©ã§ããããã®è»žåææã¯ç¶ããŠæ©æ¢°çã«åŸå å·¥ããããåŸå å·¥ã®ããã«ãäŸãã°ããŒãã³ã°ã䜿çšãããç¹ã«ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ãé©ããŠãããããŒãã³ã°ã®å Žåã奜ãŸããã¯ã軞åææã®ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãé€å»ãããã粟å¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ã®å Žåãéå°éã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ïŒäœå°éã®é€å»ã®åŸã®ïŒå®æãã軞åå±€ã¯ãç¹ã«ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã§ããããã®ãããªå±€ã¯ãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®ç¯å²å ã®åãã®æ®éã®è»žåã·ã§ã«ãããéåžžã«èããããã¯ãå€ãã®ææãé£æ¥æ£ã«æ®ã£ããŸãŸã§ããããšïŒé«è·éã«èããïŒãããã¯è»œéã®é£æ¥æ£ã補äœããããšãã§ããããšãæå³ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã§ã¯ã溶å°ã«ãã£ãŠè»žåææã§è¢«èŠãããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã軞åææã被èŠåœ¢æããåŸã§åããŠéæŸãããããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãç ŽæãããïŒã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æãããïŒãšãã«äœ¿çšãããããã®æ¹æ³ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯ïŒå åŽã«ïŒææã®ç Žæåæã«åã ïŒã€ã®å»ã¿ç®ãåããŠããããã®å»ã¿ç®ãç¹ã«ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããããšæå©ã§ããããã®å ŽåãäŸãã°ãã¬ãŒã¶ãçŽïŒïŒÂ°ã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«å ¥ãããããã¬ãŒã¶åºåãšããŠç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒ·ã䜿çšããããå»ã¿ç®ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯å¹ ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ãæ·±ããïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã«åœ¢æããããç Žæåæã¯ãéåžžã¯é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ã»ãŒäžå€®ã«åœ¢æãããããã®ä»£ããã«ããšããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠãŸãã¯ãããŒãå·¥å ·ãçšããŠäŸãã°çªãããããšã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«å»ã¿ç®ã圢æãç Žæããéã«ãå ãæåã«é£æ¥æ£ã«å»ã¿ç®ãå ¥ãïŒäŸãã°å·¥å ·ãã¬ãŒã¶ãŸãã¯ãšããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠïŒã次ã«æº¶å°ã«ãã£ãŠè»žåææã被èŠããç¶ããŠç Žæãããšæå©ã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããªãå Žåã«ç ŽæåæãŸãã¯åã ã®è»žåã·ã§ã«ã®éã«ååšããééã¯ããã®æ¹æ³ã§ç¡ããªãïŒããŸãã¯æå°ãšãªãïŒããã®ãããªééã¯ããšã³ãžã³è² è·ãé«ãå Žåã«ãæ²¹èã®éåããä¿é²ããã軞åææã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«å»ã¿ç®ãèšããããšã«ãããè¯å¥œãªæœ€æ»ç¹æ§ãéæããããäºæ ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã軞åææã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«ç ŽæããŠãããããã®å Žåã«ã¯ãããã«ç¶ããŠã軞åææã¯ããäžåºŠïŒå¥œãŸããã¯å»ã¿ç®ãªãã§ïŒç Žæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåæã«ãã£ãŠéæŸãããå Žåãããã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã溶å°ã«ãã軞åææã®è¢«èŠã®åã«è¡ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåæãããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã®åããé¢ãåå¥ã«æ»ããã«ãããŒãåããããããã®éšåã¯ãç¶ããŠçµã¿ç«ãŠãããç©Žãšããã圢æãããŠããæ¢ãããããåã³ããæ¢ããããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãç¹ã«è»žåææã«ããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«ãïŒåé¢åæã«ïŒå»ã¿ç®ã圢æããããç¶ããŠã軞åå±€ãåé¢ããããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåã³ç Žæãããããã®å Žåãç Žæãäžåäžã«è¡ããããšãã«ã¯ã軞åå±€èªäœã«å»ã¿ç®ãå ¥ããªããã°ãªããªãã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åå±€ã®äžèšå å·¥ïŒããŒãã³ã°ãŸãã¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ïŒã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®éæŸã®åŸã§åããŠè¡ããããããã«ãã£ãŠãå Žåã«ãã£ãŠè»žåå±€ã®ç Žææã«çºçããç Žæãšããžã®ãŸããããéå°éã®é€å»ãšåæã«é€å»ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã«ã¯ããªã€ã«éè·¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ç©¿èšããããšãã§ããããã®ãªã€ã«éè·¯ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã軞åå±€ã被èŠåœ¢æããåŸã§åããŠãç¹ã«ãã®åŸå å·¥ã®åŸã§åããŠãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ç©¿åãããããã®å Žåããªã€ã«éè·¯ã¯é£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãéã£ãŠå察åŽã®é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãŸã§ç©¿åããããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããã°ã軞åå±€ã被èŠããåŸã§åããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã®ç«¯é¢ïŒå€§ããªåŽé¢ïŒãåŸå å·¥ãããšæå©ã§ãããåŸå å·¥ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ç«¯é¢ã®ç åã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããæ¹æ³ã®å Žåãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãç²é¢åããå å·¥ã¹ããããèšããããããµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ããç²é¢åãç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããããããé«å§ã®æ¶²äœãåŽå°ããŠãããããã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ææãç¹ã«ïŒ£ïŒïŒéŒã¯ãå¹³åç²ãïœãïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã«ãªãããã«ç²é¢åãããããã®ãããªå¹³åç²ãã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ææäžã§ã®è»žåææã®ããããŠè¯å¥œãªä»çãéæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«ããã軞åå±€ã®ããããŠæå©ãªè£œäœã®ããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®å°ãªããšãäžæ¹ã®ç«¯é¢ãåæ¿ã§è¢«èŠãããããã®åæ¿ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ç¯å²ã«ç©ŽãåããŠããããã®ç©Žã¯é£æ¥ç°¿ç«¯éšã®ç©Žãšã»ãŒåã倧ããã§ããã®ã§ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯åæ¿ã«ãã£ãŠåŠšå®³ãããããšããªããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ç¯å²ã«ããã端é¢ã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãé¿ãããããäžæ¹ã®ç«¯é¢ã ããåæ¿ã§è¢«èŠããããšãä»æ¹ã®ç«¯é¢ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãã¬ããäžã«èŒããããããã®ãã¬ããã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ã®ç¯å²ã«åæ§ã«ãåæ¿ã®ãããªç©ŽãåããŠããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠãåã ã®é£æ¥æ£ã®ç«¯éšãïŒåã®äœæ¥å·¥çšã§ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããšæå©ã§ããããã®ããã«ãè€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒãïŒïŒåãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒåã®é£æ¥æ£ã¯ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¹ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãåçã圢æããããã«éããããããã®ããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ã調å¿ãããã«ããŒãç¹æ®ãã¬ããäžã«èšããããšãã§ããããã®ãã«ããŒå ã«é£æ¥æ£ãæ¿å ¥ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã®å Žåãåæã«è¢«èŠãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãããã«ç¶ããŠå çæ©é¢ã«äžç·ã«åãä»ããããã«ãã°ã«ãŒããšããŠæç¶çã«åãæ±ããããå çæ©é¢ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ïŒåããããªïŒé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãéããããšã«ãã£ãŠäžç·ã«ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããã·ãªã³ãã®æ°ïŒäŸãã°ïŒïŒã·ãªã³ãïŒã®ããã«ãããæ§é äžäžå¯èœã§ãããšãã«ã¯ãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ã·ãªã³ããã³ã¯ã®é£æ¥æ£ïŒïŒ¶ïŒïŒãšã³ãžã³ã®å Žåã«ã¯ïŒåïŒãéããŠã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããåãå質ã®é£æ¥æ£ãå çæ©é¢ã«åãä»ããããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ç¹ã«è€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ãéããŠã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããšãã«ã溶å°äžãã¬ã¹æµãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãéããŠæ¡å ããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ãããã¬ã¹æµãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«ãæ¡ä»¶èª¿æŽããæµåããã空æ°ãé©ããŠãããç¹ã«ã空æ°æµã¯èèªãæ°Žåãå«ãŸãªãããã«ãã¹ãã§ããããã€ã§ããã ãæå®ã®æž©åºŠç¯å²ïŒçŽïŒïŒÂ°ïŒ£ïŒå ã«ããããã«ãã¹ãã§ããã空æ°æµã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãïŒãïŒïŒïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïœïŒïœã®æµéïŒç©ºæ°äžéé床ïŒãæãããã¬ã¹æµã«ãã£ãŠã溶å°æã«çºçããé£æ²«ãå¹ãé£ã°ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
軞åææã®æº¶å°ã¯ãç¹ã«ãå転ããåŽå°ããºã«ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããããã®åŽå°ããºã«ã¯ãç¹ã«ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®äžæ¹ã§å転ããŠé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«å ¥ããããããã®ãããªåŽå°ããºã«ã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšå ã«ããããŠåäžãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãåŸããããåŽå°ããºã«ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®éã«ãé£æ¥æ£å ãžã®ç¹ã«ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïœïœïŒïœãç¹ã«ïŒãïŒïœïœïŒïœã®éãã§é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«éãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
溶å°ã®éã«ã軞åææã®è€æ°ã®å±€ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«è¢«èŠããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããããã®å ŽåãïŒãïŒïŒåã®å±€ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æãããããã®éããã®å±€ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯ç°ãªãæ¹åã«è¢«èŠããããããã¯ãå±€å質ãæ¹åããåãããããããã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã®å ŽåãåŽå°ããºã«ãå éšã«æ¿å ¥ããããšããšå€ã«åºããããšãã«é£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããšã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããããã®å Žåãå転ããåŽå°ããºã«ã¯ç¹ã«ãã®å転æ¹åãç¶æããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ã倧éçç£ã§è»žåææã«ãã£ãŠè¢«èŠãããããã®å Žåãäžé£ã®åã ã®é£æ¥æ£ã枬å®ãããšæå©ã§ããããã®å Žåãç¹ã«å¹³åç²ãïœããã³ãŸãã¯è»žåææèªäœïŒäŸãã°æ··åç©ã䜿çšããéã®è»žåææã®ååžã®åäžæ§ïŒã枬å®ããããé£æ¥æ£ã®æž¬å®ãéç Žå£ã§è¡ããããšç¹ã«æå©ã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äžèšã®ç¹åŸŽãšæªçœ®ããã³æ¬¡ã«èª¬æããç¹åŸŽãšæªçœ®ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããæ¹æ³äžŠã³ã«é£æ¥æ£ã®ããã«åãããã«éçšããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
次ã«ãå³ãšå®æœã®åœ¢æ ã«åºã¥ããŠæ¬çºæã詳ãã説æããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äžè¿°ã®æ¹æ³ã¹ãããã¯äžéšã ããå¿ é ã§ãããåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãåã ã®æ¹æ³ã¹ãããã¯ãçç¥ãè£è¶³ã代æ¿çå®æœããã³ãŸãã¯ä»ã®æ¹æ³ã¹ããããšäº€æå¯èœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
äŸãã°ä»ãŸã§è»žåã·ã§ã«ãåããŠãããããªäŸãã°ïŒ£ïŒïŒéŒããæãæ®éã®é£æ¥æ£ïŒïŒå³ïŒïŒïŒïŒãã補äœã©ã€ã³ã«çœ®ããããããã«ç¶ããŠãåŽé¢ïŒã®ç²ç åãè¡ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒãšå°ç«¯éšïŒãç²å å·¥ããããããªãã¡ãæå®ã®å¯žæ³ã«ããããæŽã«ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã®ããã®ããç©Žå å·¥ãåŽé¢ïŒã§è¡ããããããªãã¡ãç©ŽïŒãšããïŒã圢æãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ã¯ã©ããã³ã°ã®æºåã®ããã«ãã¬ãŒã¶ïŒãïŒïŒÂ°ã®è§åºŠã§é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã«å ¥ããããããã®ã¬ãŒã¶ïŒã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã®äž¡åŽã§äžå€®ã«ãããããå¹ ãçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§æ·±ããçŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®å»ã¿ç®ïŒã圢æãããããã®ä»£ããã«ããããŒãå·¥å ·ã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æããŠãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
å»ã¿ç®ïŒã圢æãããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã¯ãåŸè¿°ããããã«ããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããããã©ãºãå±€ã圢æããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã¯ãã©ãºãå±€ãšå ±ã«ãçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ®ã®ç Žå£åãæããç Žæè£ çœ®ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã©ãã¯ïŒäºè£ïŒãå ¥ãããããç Žæåæã¯ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ããïŒå§çž®ç©ºæ°ãå¹ãä»ãããïŒãç Žæããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã¯ãã«ãïŒïŒã«ãã£ãŠãæå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§çµã¿ç«ãŠããããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšããããã·ã¥ïŒïŒãå§å ¥ããããšã«ãã£ãŠçµã¿ç«ãŠãããããã®åŸã§ã端é¢ïŒïŒãä»äžãç åãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ä»ãã倧端éšïŒãšå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯å°ç«¯éšïŒã¯å¯žæ³ïŒïŒïŒå³ïŒïŒãšãªããããã¯ã粟å¯ããªã«ãããªãã¡ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãå®å šãªã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã枬å®ããã³åçŽããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
åæåé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
åæåé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœéçšã¯ãäžèšã®éçšãšå®è³ªçã«åãã§ããããé£æ¥æ£ç«¯éšã¯åŽé¢ããããé¢ããã³ãã«ã座ããããŒãå å·¥ããåŸã§ãåæã«ãã£ãŠåé¢ããããåæã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœã®åããé¢ãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã®åããé¢ãå¥ã ã«ãããŒãå å·¥ããããããã«æŽæµã¹ããããç¶ãããã®æŽæµã¹ãããã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãç²å å·¥ããã³ä»äžãå å·¥ããããä»ããåŽé¢ã«ç©Žãšããã圢æããããšã«ãã£ãŠããã£ãããã«ããæ¿å ¥ããããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã®åããé¢ãä»äžãç åãããããäžåºŠæŽæµãããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœã«åãä»ãããããåæé¢ã«åã³ïŒŠïŒ«ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æãããç¶ããŠé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã軞åå±€ãåããããããããã®è»žåå±€ã¯ãç¶ããŠåã³ç Žæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äŸãã°è»žåã·ã§ã«ïŒïŒã®é£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒãžã®å§å ¥ã®ãããªåã ã®è£œäœã¹ãããã¯ãå·¥çšå šäœã®ç°ãªãåæã§è¡ãããšãã§ããäŸãã°ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åã«è¡ãããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®ããã«ãé£æ¥æ£ã¯æŽæµãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã¯é«æž©èžæ°ã§è±èããããã®åŸæ®çæ°Žåã也ç¥é€å»ãããããã®ããã«ããŠååŠçãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãïŒãïŒæ¬äžäžã«éããããã®ã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãç¹æ®ãã¬ããã®ç©Žäžã«å軞ã«äœçœ®ããããã®éãé£æ¥æ£ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãäºåå å·¥ãããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãšé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãŸãã¯åŽé¢ã«ãã£ãŠæ¹åã¥ããããŠåºå®ããããé£æ¥æ£ãèŒããç¹æ®ãã¬ããã¯ãæºåé åãçµãŠãµã³ããã©ã¹ããŠãããå ã«éããããã®ãµã³ããã©ã¹ããŠãããå ã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããµã³ããã©ã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠçŽïŒãïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ã ïœ ãšãªããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã¯ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åãããµã³ããã©ã¹ããããè¡šé¢ã«å§çž®ç©ºæ°ãå¹ãä»ãããããååŠçãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãæåŸã«ããã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åããããã®ãã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããå転ãããã©ãºãããŒããŒã«ãã£ãŠãçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®å±€åïŒïŒã§ã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ã被èŠãããïŒå³ïŒïŒã被èŠãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ããã®åŸã§ãå·åŽé åã«éãããããããå·åŽãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ç¹æ®ãã¬ããã«ãã£ãŠåãåºãããäžè¿°ã®æ¬¡ã®å å·¥éšã«äŸçµŠãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«è»žåã·ã§ã«ãå«ãã§ããªãã®ã§ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çµã¿ç«ãŠèªäœãšãä¿ææºã®åœ¢æãŸãã¯è»žåã·ã§ã«ã®ããªåããçç¥ããããšããå©ç¹ããããããã«ããããã©ãºãå±€ã®åœ¢æã¯ã³ã¹ãçã«ç«¶äºåããããæŽã«ããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯çµã¿ç«ãŠä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ãŸãããšããã®ã¯ã軞åã·ã§ã«ã®çµã¿ç«ãŠãçç¥ãããšãã§ããªãããã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã«ããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ã倧端éšã«ã軞åãã£ããã®ç¯å²å ã«å€§ããªãŠã§ãå¹ ãæããããšããã®ã¯ããã©ãºãå±€ã¯ãåŸå å·¥ã®åŸã§çŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®åãã§ãããªããã軞åã·ã§ã«ã¯ïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ããããã§ãããããã«ãããé«è² è·ãšã³ãžã³ã®ããã®é£æ¥æ£é«è² è·ããã³ãŸãã¯ééã®äœæžãå¯èœã§ãããæŽã«ãïŒåã®è»žåã·ã§ã«åäœã®éã®ééããªããªããé«è² è·ã®å Žåããã®ééã®ãšããã§æ²¹èãéåãå§ãããããã«ãã£ãŠãæ¬çºæã«åŸã£ãŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯è¯å¥œãªæœ€æ»ç¹æ§ãæããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
被èŠåœ¢æå·¥çš
äžè¿°ã®è£œäœå·¥çšã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãååŸæ¹åã®æºãæããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¹ãè¡šé¢ã®ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¯é«æž©èžæ°ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããããã®å Žåãå®éã«ïŒïŒïŒïŒ ã®è±èãéæããããåºè³ªè¡šé¢ïŒéææãäŸãã°ïŒ£ïŒïŒïŒã®ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãã¯ãAl 2 O 3 ã§çŽïŒãïŒããŒã«ã®åŽå°å§åã§ãã€ç°ãªãç²åºŠã§è¡ãªããããå³ã¡ãã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ãŸãã¯åæåé£æ¥æ£ã«ãããŠäŸµé£ãããç Žæå»ã¿ç®ã®ããã®ç¬¬ïŒåç®ã®åŽå°äœæ¥ã¯ãÏïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²åºŠã§ãåºè³ªè¡šé¢ãšååŸæ¹åæºã®ããã®ç¬¬ïŒåç®ã®åŽå°äœæ¥ã¯ãÏïŒïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²åºŠã§ããããŠåºè³ªè¡šé¢ãšååŸæ¹åæºã®ããã®ç¬¬ïŒåç®ã®åŽå°äœæ¥ã¯ãÏïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïœïœïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒã¡ãã·ã¥ïŒã®ç²åºŠã§è¡ããããä»ã®äœæ¥ã¹ããããšããŠãç¶ããŠã¢ã«ãããŠã âé âéâåéã«ãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããããã®å ŽåãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ãéãïŒãïŒïŒ ãã³ãã«ããïŒãïŒïŒ ãããŠãã³ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒ å«ãã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ãç¹ã«ã¢ã«ãããŠã ãïŒãïŒïŒïŒ ããã³ã¬ã³ãçŽïŒïŒ ãã³ãã«ããçŽïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒ ãããŠéãçŽïŒãïŒïŒ å«ãã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããã第ïŒåç®ã®ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãçŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å±€åã§ãããŠå¹³åã§çŽïŒïŒÎŒïœã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ææã®ç²æ«ç²åãµã€ãºã§è¡ãããããã®å Žåããã®éœåºŠäœ¿çšãããããŒããŒã«é¢é£ãã被èŠãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã«ãã£ãŠãå±€å ã«ïŒïŒ 以äžã®å€åçãçããã幟åç²ãç²æ«ç²åïŒçŽÏïŒïŒÎŒïœïŒã«ãã£ãŠäžæããªãã§æŽã«ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããããã®å ŽåãïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒÎŒïœã®å±€åã圢æãããããã®å Žåãè£ çœ®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã¯ïŒïŒïŒãïŒïŒïŒïŒ ã®å€åçãéæãããããã«èª¿ç¯ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®ãããªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ååŸæ¹åæºãªãã®è»žåã«ãããŠãè¡ãããšãã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ååŸæ¹åæºãåããåæåé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
次ã«ãå šäœã®è£œäœå·¥çšã«ã€ããŠèª¬æãããåã ã®äœæ¥ã¹ãããã¯ãæ¢è¿°ã®ããã«ãäœæ¥èšç»ã«å¿ããŠçç¥ã亀æãè£è¶³ãŸãã¯ä»ã®äœæ¥ã¹ããããšçœ®æå¯èœã§ããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£æªå å·¥åãäŸçµŠãããåŸã§ããã®é£æ¥æ£æªå å·¥åã¯è£œé ã©ã€ã³äžã«çœ®ãããããã®è£œé ã©ã€ã³ã§ã¯ã端é¢ïŒïŒã®äºåç åïŒç²ç åïŒãšãããŒãå å·¥ãè¡ããããç¶ããŠãåŽé¢ïŒããããé¢ããã³ãã«ã座ããããŒãå å·¥ãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãåé¢ãããããã®åŸã§ãåããé¢ïŒïŒãšé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã®ãããŒãå å·¥ãè¡ãããããã®å Žåãé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã¯åå¥ã«å å·¥ããããéšåãæŽæµããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒãç²å å·¥ããã³ä»äžãå å·¥ãããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãïŒïŒã®ããã«ç©Žãšãããåããããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒã«è»žåããã·ã¥ïŒïŒãå§å ¥ãããæŒå§ãããé¢åãããããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãšé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã®åããé¢ïŒïŒã¯ä»äžãç åãããå šäœãããäžåºŠæŽæµãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒã¯æå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§é£æ¥æ£æ¬äœã«ç· çµããããããŠååŸæ¹åæºïŒïŒã䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãæºããäŸãã°ãã©ã€ã¹å å·¥ãŸãã¯æç€å å·¥ã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã©ãºãå±€ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒãåŸã§éæŸããããã«ãç Žæå»ã¿ç®ããäŸãã°ãšããŒãžã§ã³ãŸãã¯ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æããããããã«ç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
å¿ èŠãªå Žåã«ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ã®çš®é¡ã®å¿ããŠããªã€ã«éè·¯ãïŒé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãéã£ãŠé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãŸã§ïŒç©¿åããããšãã§ãããããã¯ã¬ãœãªã³ãšã³ãžã³ã®å Žåã«è¡ãããšãã§ãããããŠãã®å Žåãã£ãŒãŒã«ãšã³ãžã³ã§è¡ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
被èŠããããã©ãºãå±€ïŒïŒã¯ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãïŒïŒãåŒããããšã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã©ãã¯ãå ¥ãããããããã¯ããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«å¿ããŠããã°ãã°ãã©ãºãå±€ïŒïŒã®å éšå¿åã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒãåãå€ãããç Žæåæãå¹ãé£ã°ãã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããïŒãåã³åãä»ããããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãïŒïŒãæå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§ç· ãä»ãããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãäž¡åŽãé¢åãããããããŠéžæã«å¿ããŠååŸæ¹åæºã®ãšããžãç ŽæãããïŒäžžããããïŒã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®åŸã§ã端é¢ïŒïŒãä»äžãç åãããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšïŒãä»äžãç©¿åãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšïŒã軞åå±€ïŒïŒäžã«åºæã®è»žåé¢ïŒïŒã圢æã埮å°åïŒïŒãé²åºãããããã«ãä»äžãã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ãããããã®åŸã®æŽæµã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ã枬å®ãããåçŽãããããã®å Žå奜ãŸããã¯ãïŒã€ã®èª€å·®ççŽãéžæãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã®ããã«ããŠè£œäœãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãçµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§å解ãããçµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§å çæ©é¢ã®ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žïŒïŒã«åãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªã€ã«éè·¯ãç©¿åããåŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®äž¡åŽãé¢åãããéžæã«å¿ããŠååŸæ¹åã®æºãšããžãäžžããããšãã§ãããããã«ç¶ããŠã端é¢ã®ä»äžãç åãè¡ãããé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãä»äžãç©¿åãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãä»äžãã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ããããåçŽãå«ããŠé£æ¥æ£ã®æŽæµåã³æž¬å®ãããåŸã§ãç¹ã«çŽæ¥çµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ããåŒããããšã«ãã£ãŠãã©ãºãå±€ã«ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããåãå€ãããç ŽæåæãäŸãã°å¹ãé£ã°ãã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ãããããããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã¯å çæ©é¢ã®ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«åãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
äŸãã°é£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ãçšç©Žããããããããšã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£ã«ããããã£ããã®ãããé²æ¢ãæå©ã«è¡ããããããã«ãã£ãŠããã©ãºãå±€ã«ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããéã«çãããããããåã³äºãã«åäžã«é åãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ã¯ã©ãã¯åé£æ¥æ£ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
é£æ¥æ£æªå å·¥åïŒææã¯äŸãã°ïŒ£ïŒïŒïŒã補äœã©ã€ã³äžã«çœ®ãããç²ç åãããããã®å ŽåãåŽé¢ãå¹³ãã«ç åããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãšå°ç«¯éšã®ç²å å·¥ãšã軞åãã£ããã®ããã®ãã«ãç©Žå å·¥ïŒç©¿åãšããåãïŒãè¡ãããã軞åã®çš®é¡ã«å¿ããŠãäŸãã°ãã©ã€ã¹å å·¥ãŸãã¯æç€å å·¥ã«ãã£ãŠãïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®ååŸæ¹åæºãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«åœ¢æããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«äŸãã°ïŒŠïŒ«ã¬ãŒã¶ã«ãã£ãŠå»ã¿ç®ã圢æãããããã®ã¬ãŒã¶ã¯é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«ïŒïŒÂ°ã§å ¥ãããããã¬ãŒã¶åºåã¯çŽïŒïœïŒ·ã§ããããã®å Žåãäž¡åŽã«ãããŠãçŽïŒïœïœåŒ±ã®å¹ ãšïŒïŒïŒïœïœåŒ±ã®æ·±ãã®å»ã¿ç®ã倧端éšã®äžå€®ã«åœ¢æãããããã®å»ã¿ç®ã¯ãããŒãå·¥å ·ã«ãã£ãŠãããã¯ãšããŒãžã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æããããšãã§ãããçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïŒ®ã®ç Žæåãæããç Žæè£ çœ®ã«ãã£ãŠãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«ã¯ã©ãã¯ã圢æããããé£æ¥æ£è»žåãã£ãããåãå€ãããç ŽæåæãäŸãã°å§çž®ç©ºæ°ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£è»žåãã£ãããåã³åãä»ããããé£æ¥æ£è»žåãã£ãããã«ããæå®ã®ãã«ã¯ã§ç· ãä»ããããããã®åŸãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããã軞åããã·ã¥ãé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšã«å§å ¥ããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®äž¡åŽãé¢åããããé£æ¥æ£åŽé¢ãä»äžãç åãããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãšé£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšã粟å¯ç©¿åãŸãã¯ç²Ÿå¯ã¹ãã³ãã«å å·¥ããããç¶ããŠãé£æ¥æ£ã®å®å šãªã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ïŒæŽæµïŒãšæž¬å®ãšåçŽãè¡ããããçµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§é£æ¥æ£ãå解ãããå çæ©é¢ã®ããã®ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žã«åãä»ããããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ç¹ã«é£æ¥æ£ãã£ãããã«ããåŒããããšã«ãããã©ãºãå±€ã®ã¯ã©ãã¯åœ¢æã¯ãçŽæ¥çµã¿ç«ãŠã©ã€ã³ã§ãããã¯ãã®åã®æç¹ã§ãè¡ãããšãã§ããããã©ãºãå±€ã®ã¯ã©ãã¯åœ¢æã®åŸã§ãé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããç Žæåæãã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ïŒå¹ãé£ã°ãïŒããããšãæšå¥šãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®è£œäœå·¥çš
é£æ¥æ£ãæŽæµãããå°ãªããšãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãé«æž©èžæ°ã«ãã£ãŠè±èãããç¶ããŠã§ããã ãäœãæ®çæ°Žåå«æéãŸã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããããè€æ°ã®é£æ¥æ£ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã«å¯ŸããŠå軞ã«éããŠç¹æ®ãã¬ããäžã«ç©ã¿éããããïŒéåžžã¯ïŒãïŒåã®é£æ¥æ£ïŒããã®å Žåãåºå®ã¯é£æ¥æ£å°ç«¯éšãšé£æ¥æ£æ¬äœãŸãã¯åŽé¢ãä»ããŠè¡ãããšãã§ãããç©è·ãããç¹æ®ãã¬ããã¯ããã¥ãŒãã©ã«ãŸãŒã³ãçµãŠãµã³ããã©ã¹ããŠãããã«å ¥ããããäœçœ®æ±ºãããããé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã¯ãäžèšã®ç åçŽã«ãã£ãŠçŽïŒïŒïŒãïŒÎŒïœã®å¹³åç²ãã«ãµã³ããã©ã¹ãå å·¥ããããç¶ããŠãç¹æ®ãã¬ããããµã³ããã©ã¹ãå å·¥ããé£æ¥æ£ãšå ±ã«ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åããããã®ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããµã³ããã©ã¹ãå å·¥ãããè¡šé¢ã«å§çž®ç©ºæ°ãå¹ãä»ãããããæŽã«ãç¹æ®ãã¬ããããã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ç§»åããããã®ãã©ãºãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãé£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšãå ãæåã«å°åã®å°ãªããç¶ããŠå°åã幟åå€ãå šäœåããïŒïŒïŒïœïœã®ã¢ã«ãããŠã éé ããæãå±€ã§ãã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããé£æ¥æ£ã¯ãå·åŽé åã«ç§»åããããããã¬ãããå·åŽããåŸã§æ¬¡ã®å å·¥ã®ããã«ãã¬ããããåãå€ãããã
ãïŒïŒïŒïŒã
æ¬çºæã¯ã軞åã·ã§ã«ãšãã®çµã¿ç«ãŠäžŠã³ã«ä¿ææºãšãã®ããã®ããªåããçç¥ããããšãã§ãããšããå¹æããããããã«ãã£ãŠãçµã¿ç«ãŠä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ãŸãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã°ã«ãã£ãŠã軞åãã£ããåºå®éšã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠå€§ããªãŠã§ãå¹ ïŒå°ããªé£æ¥æ£ç©ŽçŽåŸïŒãåŸãããããªããªãã軞åã·ã§ã«åããçŽïŒïŒïŒïœïœã§ããã«å¯ŸããŠããã©ãºãå±€ã¯ïŒïŒïŒïœïœãããèãããã§ãããããã«ãã£ãŠãé«è² è·ãšã³ãžã³ã«ãããŠé£æ¥æ£ã«é«ãè² è·ãäžããããšãŸãã¯æãçšåºŠã®ééäœæžãå¯èœã§ãããæŽã«ãæ§é çãªåå ã«ããäºæ ã«ãã£ãŠã¯æ²¹èãéåããããšã«ãªããïŒåã®è»žåã·ã§ã«åäœã®éã®ééãç¡ããªãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãã£ãŠãè¯å¥œãªæœ€æ»ç¹æ§ãéæããããåæã«ã誀差ãå°ãããªãããªããªãããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãã£ãŠèª€å·®ççŽãç¡ããªãããã§ãããå°ããªè£œäœèª€å·®ã«ãã£ãŠè¯å¥œãªãšã³ãžã³å転ãéæãããããã©ãºãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãããŠååŸæ¹åæºã䜿çšããããšã«ããã軞åã®é«è·éãšãæ··åæ©æŠæéã®äœæžãéæãããã埮å°å§å宀ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãïŒã€ãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®æºãšçµã¿åãããŠãæ©æŠä¿æ°ãæ¹åãããæºã¯ãä»ã®æ»ã軞åææã§è¢«èŠããŠãããããã®æ»ãæ©æŠææã¯ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãååå å·¥ããåŸã§æºå ã«ååšããããã®ãããªè»žåææã¯ãéãäºéãŸãã¯ããã±ã«ãããŒã¹ãšãããã®ã§ãã£ãŠããããããã«ãã£ãŠã軞åã®é«è·éãŸãã¯å¯¿åœãéæå¯èœã§ããã
ãå³é¢ã®ç°¡åãªèª¬æã
ãå³ïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ã®æ£é¢å³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
é£æ¥æ£ã®åŽé¢å³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
é£æ¥æ£å€§ç«¯éšã®å±€æ§é ã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
ã¯ã©ã³ã¯è»žãžã£ãŒãã«ãšåŸ®å°åã®è»žåå±€ãåããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
ïŒã€ã®ååŸæ¹å最æ»æºãåããå³ïŒã®é£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
ãå³ïŒã
è€æ°ã®ååŸæ¹å最æ»æºãåããé£æ¥æ£ãã£ããã瀺ãå³ã§ããã
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19732401 | 1997-07-28 | ||
DE19732401.0 | 1997-08-07 | ||
PCT/EP1998/004497 WO1999006723A1 (de) | 1997-07-28 | 1998-07-20 | Pleuel mit einem verbundlager |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2001512217A JP2001512217A (ja) | 2001-08-21 |
JP2001512217A5 true JP2001512217A5 (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
JP4481486B2 JP4481486B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 |
Family
ID=7837112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000505431A Expired - Fee Related JP4481486B2 (ja) | 1997-07-28 | 1998-07-20 | è€å軞åãåããé£æ¥æ£ |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1000259B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4481486B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100642093B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1133824C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE461374T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE59814442D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999006723A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19956425A1 (de) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-05-31 | Mahle Gmbh | Kolben fÃŒr Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE10064981C1 (de) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-07-11 | Federal Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Pleuels mit Buchse und Lagerschalen |
DE102005043217A1 (de) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-22 | Thyssenkrupp Automotive Ag | Lagerung |
DE102008045381A1 (de) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-04 | Schaeffler Kg | VerschleiÃ- und korrosionshemmender Schichtverbund |
DE102008048020A1 (de) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | Schaeffler Kg | Gleitlager |
US8251590B2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2012-08-28 | Cummins Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Anti-rotation bearing assembly and bearing |
CN102678751A (zh) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-09-19 | æµæ±å€§åŠ | åºäœè¡šé¢åžŠåŸ®åæ²¹å çæ»åšå¯Œèœš |
CN112160976A (zh) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-01 | æœæŽåšåè¡ä»œæéå ¬åž | è¿æç»ä»¶åååšæº |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1083003A (en) * | 1964-10-23 | 1967-09-13 | Glacier Co Ltd | Hot metal spraying of bearing materials |
GB1531222A (en) * | 1975-12-10 | 1978-11-08 | Vandervell Products Ltd | High strength bearing materials |
GB2109821B (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1985-08-14 | Lucas Ind Plc | Method of manufacturing bearing blocks |
JPH06173944A (ja) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-21 | Ebara Corp | æ°äœåå§è»žå |
DE4342436C2 (de) * | 1992-12-23 | 1997-01-30 | Renk Ag | Gleitlager mit einer Lagerschale |
DE4303592A1 (de) * | 1993-02-08 | 1994-08-11 | Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils mit wenigstens einem geteilten Lagersitz |
WO1997016578A1 (de) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-09 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum herstellen einer gleitflÀche auf einem metallischen werkstÌck |
-
1998
- 1998-07-20 CN CNB988076470A patent/CN1133824C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-20 AT AT98942576T patent/ATE461374T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-20 DE DE59814442T patent/DE59814442D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-20 KR KR1019997012249A patent/KR100642093B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-20 EP EP98942576A patent/EP1000259B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-20 WO PCT/EP1998/004497 patent/WO1999006723A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-20 JP JP2000505431A patent/JP4481486B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6513238B1 (en) | Connecting rod with thermally sprayed bearing layer | |
JPH10311326A (ja) | ã³ãã¯ãã£ã³ã°ããã端éšã«ããã軞åææ | |
EP0187695B1 (en) | Bearings | |
US6329022B1 (en) | Connecting rod with a high strength bearing layer | |
US6367151B1 (en) | Connecting rod with thermally sprayed bearing layer | |
JP4646397B2 (ja) | æ»ã軞åçšã®ãµãŒãã«ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°æ¹æ³ | |
JP2001512217A5 (ja) | ||
JP4481486B2 (ja) | è€å軞åãåããé£æ¥æ£ | |
JP4444491B2 (ja) | åºçãããæ»ã軞åå±€ãåããé£æ¥æ£ | |
JP2002516961A5 (ja) | ||
JP4289787B2 (ja) | 軞åã¡ã¿ã«ãåããé£æ¥æ£ | |
JP2001511500A5 (ja) | ||
US9291192B2 (en) | Connecting rod with bearing-less large end | |
CN116917636A (zh) | 蜎æ¿ç»æéšä»¶ | |
JP2001511501A (ja) | èãæ»ã軞åå±€ãåããé£æ¥æ£ | |
JP2013524111A (ja) | ç®èãæããªãã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãªãªãŒããåãã軞å |