JP2001295387A - Outside heat insulation structural body - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize an outside heat insulation structural body having a heat insulation property close to an organic thermal insulating material and based on a super-light heat insulating mortar having excellent merits in terms of strength and durability as well as fire safety. SOLUTION: The outside heat insulation structural body is constituted of a concrete skeleton, a heat insulating mortar layer on the outdoor side of the skeleton and a facing finished layer, the heat insulating mortar layer is constituted of the heat insulating mortar having specific gravity in air-dry condition of 0.2 to 0.5, heat conduction ratio of 0.12 W/m.k. or less, flame-retardance of 2 class or more, bending strength of 0.98 N/mm2 or more, compressive strength of 0. 98 N/mm2 or more, permeable degree of 200 to 500 g/m2.24 h, water absorption ratio of 10 vol.% or less, the facing finished layer has impact esistance, and it is constituted of a facing finished material having specific gravity in air-dry condition of 0.4 to 1.6, compressive strength of 2.94 N/m2 or more, bond strengt of 0.69 N/mm2 or more (standard time), bond strength of 0.49 N/mm2 or more (after the immersion in the water), heat conduction ratio of 0.35 W/m.k. or less, permeable degree of 200 to 500 g/m2.24 h, an amount of water absorption of 2 g or less and an amount of water permeability of 0.5 ml (24 h) or less.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an external heat insulating structure in a building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The internal heat insulation method which has been carried out in Japan is liable to cause various problems from the viewpoint of prevention of dew condensation, protection of a frame and energy saving. In particular, the inner insulation method is theoretically more likely to cause internal condensation than the outer heat insulation method, and the occurrence of dew condensation and the occurrence of mold and ticks associated therewith are becoming problematic.

[0003] For these reasons, recently, in particular,
There has been a strong demand for the transition to external insulation methods, which are common practice outside Japan.

[0004]

Consider the background of the fact that internal insulation, which has more problems than external insulation, has become mainstream in Japan.

[0005] First, in Japan, in addition to external conditions such as more rain and more earthquakes than in foreign countries, regulations on fire prevention are stricter than in foreign countries. On the other hand, regarding the known heat-insulating materials shown in Table 1, in the existing materials, for example, nonflammable inorganic glass wool and rock wool have very large water absorption, while organic materials such as urethane foam and styrene foam having small water absorption are used. Insulation materials are very flammable and have poor material durability, such as poor durability. Therefore, if a method for satisfying the above conditions is adopted, the cost becomes extremely high.

A mortar containing expanded beads polystyrene has been devised as a supplement to the above-mentioned drawbacks of the heat insulating material. However, if the heat insulating performance is to be improved, the amount of styrofoam must be increased, resulting in a very low strength. Not only does the mortar become brittle, but also the fire resistance is poor. On the other hand, if the amount of cement is increased to increase the strength, the heat insulation performance becomes very poor, and the cement cannot be put to practical use.

As described above, when the heat insulating materials shown in Table 1 are used for external heat insulation, in Japan, where there is a lot of rain, and where fire prevention regulations are strict, it is absolutely necessary to adopt a large-scale exterior panel covering method. This has to be done, resulting in the high cost mentioned above. Therefore, the outer insulation method has not been widely used in Japan, and the inner insulation method with many defects has been adopted so far.

[Table 1] In view of the above background, the object of the present invention is to provide heat insulation performance similar to that of organic heat insulation materials, unlike conventional heat insulation materials, and to endure not only fire safety but also strength. Sexually, it is an object of the present invention to realize an outer heat insulating structure that has been impossible until now by taking advantage of these characteristics based on an ultra-lightweight heat insulating mortar having excellent characteristics that cannot be realized by conventional materials.

[0008]

The invention according to claim 1 is
A concrete frame, a heat insulating mortar layer provided outside the frame, and a decorative finish layer provided on the heat insulating mortar layer, the heat insulating mortar layer having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 when air-dried, Thermal conductivity 0.12W / mk or less, JI
Flame-retardant class 2 or higher specified in SA-1321, flexural strength 0.
98 N / mm ² or more, the compressive strength 0.98N / mm ² or more, moisture permeability 2
00~500g / m ² .24h, is constituted by a water absorption 10 vol% or less of the thermal insulation mortar, the decorative finishing layer has a shock resistance, air-dried during specific gravity 0.4 to 1.6, the compressive strength 2. 9
4N / mm ² or more, the adhesion strength 0.69N / mm ² or more (Time),
Adhesion strength 0.49 N / mm ² or more (after immersion in water), thermal conductivity of 0.35 W / mk or less, moisture permeability 200~500g / m ² .24h,
It is characterized by being composed of a decorative finish material having a water absorption of 2 g or less and a water permeability of 0.5 ml (24 h) or less.

Next, the heat insulating mortar and the decorative finishing material according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described. First,
Various conditions of the adiabatic mortar will be described. here,
The heat insulating mortar has a heat insulating performance close to that of an organic substance, is nonflammable, has high strength, and is excellent in heat insulation and durability.

[0010] The specific gravity of the heat-insulating mortar when air-dried is 0.2 to 0.5
Is determined from the necessity of setting the thickness of one coating of the heat insulating mortar to 10 to 30 mm to secure the heat insulating performance. The thermal conductivity of 0.12 W / mk or less is the minimum condition that functions as a heat insulating material in the above coating thickness. JISA1321
The flame-retardant class 2 or higher specified in (1) is for satisfying the fire resistance condition in external heat insulation, and means nonflammable. In addition, a large-scale external insulation method was avoided, and the system could be constructed economically.

A flexural strength of 0.98 N / mm ² or more means that it also serves as a heat insulating material and has a finished base (base such as mortar coating).
The purpose of the present invention is to clear the condition of the groundwork that can be constructed as a work. The compressive strength of 0.98 N / mm ² or more is to satisfy the condition of a base that can also be used as a heat insulating material and that can be applied as a finish base (base such as mortar coating). The moisture permeability 200~500g / m ² .24h, those obtained from the top to prevent internal condensation. The moisture permeability is
According to JIS-Z0208.

Water vapor transmission rate (g / m ² .24h) = 240 · m / t · s
It is. Here, s: moisture permeability area (cm ² ) t: total time of the last two weighing intervals (h) m: sum of increased mass of the last two weighing intervals (mg) The water absorption of 10 vol% or less (according to JIS A-6203) is a water absorption within a range where the heat insulating performance does not decrease even if the heat insulating mortar absorbs water.

Further, as is apparent from FIG. 1, which shows the relationship between the mass moisture content and the thermal conductivity, the heat insulating mortar has a feature that the thermal conductivity does not change much until the moisture content reaches about 30%. Therefore, it is suitable as a heat insulating mortar constituting an external heat insulating material that can withstand external conditions. Next, various conditions of the decorative finishing material will be described.

Here, the decorative finishing material refers to a highly durable exterior finishing material having heat insulating performance. Having impact resistance means that there is no cracking, notable deformation and peeling upon impact. The specific gravity at the time of air-drying of the decorative finishing material is 0.4 to 1.6, in order to secure heat insulation performance as the decorative finishing material and to make one coating thickness of the decorative finishing material 3 to 3 times.
It was required to finish to 0 mm.

The compressive strength of 2.94 N / mm ² or more is a minimum condition for obtaining a proof strength against a slight external force as an exterior material. The bond strength of 0.49 N / mm ² or more (standard time)
This is a condition to be provided as an exterior material according to ISA-6909.

The bond strength of 0.49 N / mm ² or more (after immersion in water) is a condition that must also be provided as an exterior material according to JISA-6909. The heat conductivity of 0.35 W / mk or less is a minimum condition of the cement-based decorative finishing material in consideration of a achievable coating thickness when forming the outer heat insulating structure as the coating finishing material.

The moisture permeability of 200 to 500 g / m ² .24h is determined from the viewpoint of preventing internal dew condensation when an external heat insulating structure is formed. In addition, the moisture permeability is based on JIS-Z02.
08. The water absorption of 2 g or less is a condition for securing durability as an exterior material. 0.5ml (24h)
The following are conditions for ensuring durability as an exterior material.

The amount of water absorption and the amount of water permeation are measured according to JIS-
6916. In addition, 4
A specimen having a size of 0 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm was prepared, and after 4 weeks of standard curing, the specimen was frozen in air at −20 ° C. for 2 hours and thawed at + 10 ° C. for 2 hours in accordance with JISA-1435 in one cycle. , 100,150,200,2
After 50,300 cycles, the weight change and the cycle change of the relative dynamic elastic modulus were measured. As a result, almost no change was observed even after 300 cycles. This result means that the material has a freeze-thaw resistance comparable to that of concrete.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments. FIG. 2 shows an external heat insulating structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a heat insulating mortar layer 10 is provided on the outer side 1a of the concrete skeleton 1,
Further, a decorative finishing layer 20 is provided outside the heat insulating mortar layer 10, and a waterproofing treatment such as addition of a waterproofing agent or a water repellent is performed on these.

Here, the heat insulating mortar layer 10 has a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5 when air-dried, a thermal conductivity of 0.12 W / mk.degree.
Flame retardant class 2 or more specified in IS, bending strength 0.98 N / mm ²
Compressive strength 0.98 N / mm ² or more, moisture permeability 200-5
It is composed of adiabatic mortar having a water absorption of 10 g / m ² .24h and a water absorption of 10 vol% or less. Examples of the insulating mortar include the following.

Light weight aggregate 5 per 100 parts by weight of cement
There is an insulating mortar obtained by adding 20 parts by weight, 5-18 parts by weight of synthetic resin emulsion (in terms of solids), 2-10 parts by weight of microspheres (in terms of solids), and 1-5 parts by weight of fine fibers. Here, examples of the cement include Portland cement such as white cement, ordinary Portland cement, and early strength Portland cement.

As a lightweight aggregate, for example, a particle size of 5-2
There are inorganic microballoons having a specific gravity of about 0.3 to 0.7 μm. Inorganic microballoons include ceramic balloons, mineral balloons containing silicon and aluminum as main components, and are classified as aluminum silicate balloons, alumina silicate balloons, glass microballoons, shirasu balloons and the like. Including

As the microsphere, for example, there is an organic microballoon having a particle size of 10 to 100 μm and a specific gravity of 0.04 or less. Examples of the organic microballoon include vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride. Inorganic microballoons and organic microballoons are used to reduce the strength and weight of the intended decorative material.

If the inorganic microballoons alone are used to secure the required strength and reduce the weight, there is a limit to the weight reduction. Therefore, the weight is reduced by combining with an organic micro balloon having a specific gravity one digit smaller. From the above viewpoints, the amounts of the lightweight aggregate and the microsphere are determined. Therefore, if the weight of the lightweight aggregate is less than 5 parts by weight, there is no effect of reducing the weight, and if it exceeds 20 parts by weight, the strength becomes brittle.

Similarly, if the microsphere is less than 2 parts by weight, the effect of weight reduction is not obtained, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, the strength becomes weak. As a synthetic resin emulsion,
There are acrylic, vinyl acetate, synthetic rubber, vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride, and mixtures thereof having surfactant properties. Examples include ethylene-modified vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic styrene copolymer, and styrene-butadiene-rubber.

The synthetic resin emulsion improves the workability while improving the kneading of cement, aggregate, and fibers.
It is added for the purpose of dispersing the fibers, improving the adhesion between the fibers and the cement matrix, improving the waterproofness, and the like. If the synthetic resin emulsion is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect intended for improvement cannot be exhibited. If the amount is more than 18 parts by weight, not only the cost is increased but also the viscosity becomes too large due to the richness of the synthetic resin, and the workability tends to deteriorate.

The fine fibers are natural or synthetic inorganic or organic fibers. Fine fibers are used to prevent cracking and enhance the reinforcing effect of the matrix. Examples of the fine fibers include natural or synthetic inorganic or organic fibers such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, polypropylene, vinylon, acrylonitrile, and cellulose, and natural or synthetic inorganic or organic fibers such as asbestos, alumina fiber, and rock wool. .

The length of the fine fibers varies depending on the purpose, but is usually about 6 mm. If the amount of the fine fibers is less than 1 part by weight, the effect is small. If the amount is more than 5 parts by weight, workability deteriorates and it becomes difficult to apply. In addition, when using carbon fiber or the like, the cost increases if the amount of addition is large. In addition, trace amounts of a thickener and a water-soluble resin are added.

Examples of the thickener include water-soluble polymer compounds such as methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The water-soluble resin is added to suppress material separation between the lightweight aggregate and the cement or the like. Examples of the water-soluble resin include carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose.

On the other hand, the decorative finishing layer 20 has impact resistance, a specific gravity of 0.4 to 1.6 when air-dried, and a compressive strength of 2.94 N / mm.
² or more, adhesion strength 0.69 N / mm ² or more (standard time), adhesion strength 0.49 N / mm ² or more (after immersion in water), thermal conductivity 0.3
5W / mk or less, moisture permeability 200~500g / m ² .24h, water absorption 2g or less, and is made by ultra-light mortar decorative coverings having the heat-insulating water permeation rate 0.5 ml (24h).

Examples of the ultra-lightweight mortar decorative finishing material include the following. 100 parts by weight of cement, 3 to 10 parts by weight of lightweight aggregate, synthetic resin emulsion 3
-10 parts by weight (in terms of solid content), microsphere 1
There is an ultra-lightweight mortar decorative finishing material having heat insulating properties, which is obtained by adding 5 parts by weight (in terms of solid content) and 1 to 5 parts by weight of vinylon fiber.

Further, an aggregate such as cold water or quartz sand may be added to the ultralight mortar decorative material. In the outer heat-insulating structure according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the heat-insulating mortar constituting the heat-insulating mortar layer 10 not only has excellent heat insulation properties, but also has low water absorption, excellent water resistance, and fire resistance. Since the material is excellent in performance, the heat insulating mortar itself can constitute external heat insulation instead of a large-scale method such as a covering method by protection of a conventional panel material or the like.

In order to construct a practical wall body capable of withstanding severe external environmental conditions, 10 to 30 m is required.
It is necessary to fit in the m-th coating thickness. For that purpose, it is desired that the heat insulating mortar has a small specific gravity at the time of air drying. In addition, it is an important condition to ensure the heat insulation performance with the thickness. For that purpose, it is desirable that the heat insulation performance, in other words, the thermal conductivity is 0.12 W / mk or less.

An important condition in forming the outer heat insulating structure is to prevent the occurrence of internal dew. FIG.
Shows an example of the movement of water vapor when the outer heat insulating structure is configured. In winter, since the outside air temperature is low and the water vapor pressure is lower in the outside than in the inside, the movement of the steam from the inside to the outside occurs.

However, since the heat insulating mortar layer 10 and the finishing layer 20 have excellent moisture permeability, the heat insulating mortar layer 10
Internal dew does not occur on the interface between the body and the skeleton 1. Further, since the finishing layer 20 is a decorative finishing material having a small water absorption and a low water permeability by being subjected to a waterproof treatment, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of durability as an exterior material. According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be expected.

The effect of preventing condensation can be expected to be improved. For this reason, with the occurrence of condensation, which has been a problem in the past,
It is possible to reduce the occurrence of ticks and molds and the accompanying problems such as atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergy. In internal insulation, concrete itself was directly affected by temperature changes in the outside air and temperature changes due to direct sunlight, causing a temperature difference inside the concrete structure. Since the outside heat is wrapped and protected by the outside heat, it has a protective effect on the frame of concrete, etc., as compared with the conventional concrete exposed by the inside heat, so that the life of the concrete can be greatly extended.

Indoors, the heat storage effect of the concrete body by cooling in summer and by heating in winter can be effectively used, which is very advantageous in energy saving. As described above, a very beneficial effect is brought about from the viewpoint of the indoor environment as well as from the viewpoint of extending the life of the building or saving energy. Note that, in the above embodiment, the case where the finishing layer 20 is formed of an ultralight mortar decorative finishing material having heat insulating properties has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the finishing layer 20 may be formed of a moisture-permeable waterproof finishing material. good.

Here, any moisture-permeable waterproof finishing material may be used as long as it is excellent in moisture permeability and further excellent in durability such as water resistance, alkali resistance and weather resistance. Further, in the present invention, the finishing layer 20 may be constituted by a tiled finish or a dry metal panel (siding). Further, instead of a metal panel (siding), a cement panel material such as GRC, which is provided with a decoration such as a tile, may be used.

When constructing the outer heat insulating structure in an extremely cold region, the ultralight heat insulating mortar and the decorative finishing material used in the present invention are very compatible with urethane foam and styrofoam, and have excellent adhesion. Therefore, by utilizing these characteristics, a hybrid structure can be formed by combination with an organic heat insulating material such as urethane foam or styrene foam.

[0040]

The outer heat insulating structure according to the present invention can be constructed by a simple construction method as compared with the conventional outer heat insulating structure using a heat insulating material, and therefore has a great economic advantage. for that reason,
It can be greatly expected as an external heat insulating structure that replaces the conventional external heat insulating structure that has been difficult to adopt in Japan.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the mass moisture content and the thermal conductivity of an insulating mortar used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an external heat insulating structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of movement of water vapor by the outer heat insulating structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Frame 1a Outside of frame 1 10 Heat insulation mortar layer 20 Decorative layer

Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2E001 DA01 DB04 DB05 DD01 DE01 EA01 GA03 GA06 HA01 HF18 JA01 JA11 JA14 JA22 JA24 JA25 JA29 JD02 JD04 JD11

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A skeleton made of concrete, a heat insulating mortar layer provided on the outdoor side of the frame, and a decorative finish layer provided on the heat insulating mortar layer, wherein the heat insulating mortar layer has a specific gravity of 0. 2 to 0.5, the thermal conductivity of 0.12 W / mk or less, JISA-1321, defined in flame retardant grade 2 or more, bending strength 0.98N / mm ² or more, the compressive strength 0.98N / mm ² or more, moisture permeability 200~500g / m ² .24
h, composed of a heat insulating mortar having a water absorption of 10 vol% or less, wherein the decorative finishing layer has impact resistance and a specific gravity of 0.
4-1.6, compressive strength 2.94 N / mm ² or more, adhesive strength 0.69 N / mm ² or more (standard time), adhesive strength 0.49 N / mm ²
Or (after immersion in water), thermal conductivity of 0.35 W / mk or less, moisture permeability 200~500g / m ² .24h, water absorption 2g or less, formed of a water permeation rate 0.5 ml (24h) following Veneer material An outer heat-insulating structure, characterized in that: