JP2001265414A - Method and device for working solid object such as spherical object - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for working and measuring a solid object such as a spherical or a cylindrical object capable of exactly measuring and highly precisely working a whole complicate solid object such as a spherical or a cylindrical object, and to constitute this working and measuring device of a simple device. SOLUTION: The surface of a complicate solid object such as a spherical or cylindrical object is measured by a sensor and a computer means in a contact or non-contact state, and the surface or inner face of the solid object is worked by the computer means in a contact state or by a laser 3 or the like in a non- contact state in this working method and device.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for machining a three-dimensional object, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for machining a three-dimensional object.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for processing a three-dimensional object such as a sphere, such as machining, which is suitable for a cylindrical shape.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, machining such as machining of articles having a spherical, cylindrical or other complicated three-dimensional shape is performed by, for example, NC machining.
There is a method using a processing device of a rectangular coordinate system under control. In the machining method using this NC control, machining, measurement, and the like are performed using a generally used NC machine tool.

[0003]

However, in a processing apparatus utilizing NC control, particularly when processing or measuring the spherical end or the end part (pole) of a shape similar to a sphere, the processing is performed. Since the position and the center of measurement may be shifted, it is difficult to perform processing and measurement while maintaining high accuracy.

On the other hand, a spherical robot using a scalar robot
2. Description of the Related Art Processing and measurement methods such as cutting a cylindrical shape and the like are known. According to this apparatus, it is possible to perform machining and cutting of a pole part of a material such as a sphere or a cylinder by providing an attachment to a material to be used, but it is difficult to maintain accuracy, Problems, such as high costs. In addition, in any of the processing apparatuses, there is a problem that the apparatus becomes large and a large installation space is required.

The present invention has been developed in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to accurately measure a sphere, a cylinder, or other complex three-dimensional objects as a whole and to process them with high precision. It is a method of processing and measuring a three-dimensional object such as a sphere and a cylinder, which can be performed, and further provides a processing and measuring device constituted by a simple device.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 relates to a method in which a surface of a spherical / cylindrical or other complicated three-dimensional object is brought into contact or non-contact with a sensor and computer means. This is a method for processing a three-dimensional object such as a spherical shape, which is measured by contact and is processed by a computer means in contact with the surface or inner surface or non-contact by a laser or the like.

The invention according to claim 2 measures the shape of a spherical or cylindrical shape or other complicated three-dimensional shapes in contact or non-contact,
This is a machining method in which the workpiece is reflected on CAD / CAM data based on the shape data and machined by a computer.

A third aspect of the present invention is a processing method for performing non-contact processing by contact with a surface of a spherical or cylindrical shape or other complicated three-dimensional shapes or by laser processing.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the inner surface of a transparent or translucent material such as jewelry, glass or resin is subjected to laser processing or the like,
This is a laser processing method for performing three-dimensional processing.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a measuring means for measuring the surface of a spherical / cylindrical or other complicated three-dimensional object in a contact or non-contact manner with a sensor and a computer means, and a computer means for measuring the surface or inner surface. This is a processing apparatus including processing means for processing in a non-contact manner by contact or laser.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a laser processing machine is rotated around the outer periphery of a spherical workpiece, and the workpiece is rotated in a predetermined rotation axis direction so that a character is formed on the surface or inner surface of the workpiece.・ It is a processing device for engraving patterns and the like.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment in which a method and apparatus for processing a three-dimensional object such as a sphere or a cylinder according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The method of machining a three-dimensional object such as a sphere or a cylinder according to the present invention is performed by subjecting a surface of a spherical, cylindrical, or other complicated three-dimensional object to laser machining or machining, or using jewelry, glass, or resin. Laser processing is performed on the surface or inner surface of transparent or semi-transparent materials such as, etc., to perform three-dimensional processing, and it is processed with a processing device for three-dimensional objects such as spheres and cylinders using this processing method In this case, the processing accuracy of the three-dimensional object can be significantly improved.

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing an apparatus for machining a three-dimensional object such as a sphere and a cylinder according to the present invention. The processing apparatus 1 used in the processing method of the present invention includes a laser unit 3 having a laser head 2 and the laser unit 3 mounted on a moving path 4 such as a rail formed in a substantially semicircular shape to process the laser unit 3. The workpiece 10 is provided movably on the circumference around the object 10, and further includes a work mounting portion 5 for mounting the workpiece 10 having a spherical shape or the like, and these are arranged on the surface plate 6 respectively.

The processing apparatus 1 of the present invention first measures the surface of a three-dimensional object to be processed by a sensor (not shown) by computer control in a contact or non-contact manner, and then, based on the data of the shape. The data is reflected as CAD / CAM data, and characters, patterns, and other shapes are applied to the surface or the inner surface of the workpiece 10 with or without contact with the laser beam L under computer control.

In the present embodiment, the shape of the workpiece 10 to be used is spherical, but the shape of the workpiece 10 is
In addition to a spherical shape, a cylinder or a cylinder, and other complicated three-dimensional shapes can be machined.
It can be used for ornaments, ornaments, accessories, and other products molded from transparent or translucent materials such as jewelry, glass, and resin.

In FIG. 6, the laser unit 3 is inserted from one side of the rail 4 so that the groove 2a provided on the surface plate 6 side is fitted to the rail 4 having an arc shape when viewed from a plane.
After loading, the protrusion 2b projecting from the groove 2a engages with the concave groove 4a formed by notching the rail 4, and the laser unit 3 is provided movably on the circumference along the rail 4. ing.

Further, the laser unit 3 is provided with an X-axis moving motor 7 having a rotating shaft 7a in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of emission of the laser beam L emitted from the laser head 3, and this moving motor 7 An outer peripheral gear 8 is provided at the tip of the rotating shaft 7a. The outer peripheral gear 8 is provided so as to mesh with a gear-shaped meshing portion 9 provided along the outer peripheral side of the rail 4. When the moving motor 7 is rotated, power is applied to the gear 8 via the rotating shaft 7 a. The laser unit 3 moves on the circumference along the rail 4. Gear 8 when moving
It can be moved in any direction by changing the rotation direction of.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the work mounting portions 5, 5 are provided with support portions 11,
11 is provided upright in the direction of the workpiece 10. A work pushing part 11a is provided on the tip side of the support parts 11, and an elastic member 11b made of urethane or the like is provided on a side of the work pushing part 11a which sandwiches the workpiece 10.
The workpiece 10 is held between b and 11b.

Rail-shaped guide members 12, 12 fixed to the surface plate 6 with fixing members (not shown), such as bolts, are provided at positions where the work mounting portions 5, 5 are mounted on the surface plate 6.
The work mounting portions 5 are installed on the guide members 12 via an engaging member 13.

Further, the engaging member 13 has a concave portion 13a cut out in a groove shape, and this concave portion 13a is
Since the workpiece mounting portions 5, 5 are engaged with the guide members 12, 12, the workpiece mounting portions 5, 5 are slidable along the guide members 12, 12, and the intervals are adjusted by sliding the workpiece mounting portions 5, 5. If it does so, various shapes between work pushing parts 11 and 11,
The workpiece 10 having dimensions and the like can be held.
Since the work mounting part 5 is provided with a work adjuster (not shown), the work piece 10 is elastically connected to the elastic members 11b and 11b.
It can be held in the state held by b.

In FIG. 3, the racks 14, 14 are provided so as to extend in the sliding direction of the respective work mounting portions 5, 5, so that a pinion 15 rotatably provided on the surface plate 6 is sandwiched from front and rear. Provided, the teeth of the racks 14, 14 mesh with the teeth of the pinion 15.

Further, the pinion 15 has its rotation axis provided on the substantially center point of the substantially arc-shaped rail 4 so that the support portions 11 of the work mounting portion 5 are at the same distance from this center point. To be provided. In this way, when the workpiece 10 is spherical, the central portion can be arranged at the center point of the rail 4, so that when the laser unit 3 moves along the arc of the rail 4, The distance from the laser emission position of the laser unit 3 to the center position of the work 5 can always be equal.

In FIG. 4, reference numeral 18 denotes a support shaft provided on the work pushing portion 11a on an arbitrary side. The support shaft 18 is provided integrally with the work pushing portion 11a and is attached to the support portion 11 so that the work pushing portion 11a rotates. It is provided so as to be possible. At the other end of the support shaft 18,
A roller 19 is provided, and the roller 19 is provided so as to be interlocked with a rotation motor 16 via a belt 17. When the rotation motor 16 rotates, this force is transmitted to the roller 19, and the roller 19 rotates.
Can be rotated around.

Here, the operation and operation of the processing apparatus 1 will be described. It is desirable to use a stepping motor for each of the X-axis movement motor 7 and the rotation motor 16, and the rotation direction, the rotation speed, and the like are adjusted by control of a computer (not shown). Rotation motor 1
When the workpiece 6 rotates, the workpiece 10 rotates about the support shaft 18, and when the moving motor 7 rotates, the laser unit 3 rotates the rotating shaft of the workpiece 10 along the arc-shaped rail 4. Since the operation of these motors is controlled simultaneously by the computer, the laser beam L can be emitted to an arbitrary position of the workpiece 10 and can be applied to a three-dimensional object having any shape and size. Can be processed.

Further, as shown in FIG.
If the further work pushing portions 11a ', 11a' are provided at positions rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the workpiece 1a, the workpiece 1
0 can be re-narrowed, so that the portion where the work pushing portion 11a has nipped with respect to the workpiece 10 is
0 can be machined without removing it, and laser processing of the entire surface of the workpiece 10 or measurement by a sensor can be performed by appropriately changing the control program for controlling the operation of the motor by the computer.

In FIG. 1, the laser unit 3
Is designed to emit the laser beam L toward the center of the workpiece 10 while sliding on the arc-shaped rail 4, since the center of the workpiece 10 is the center point of the arc of the rail 4. The laser unit 3 can always emit the laser beam L from a fixed distance to the center position of the workpiece 10.

Next, a description will be given of a driving system of the laser unit 3 by a gear 8 and a meshing portion 9 shown in FIG. Gear 8 and rack-shaped meshing portion 9
The drive by means of this allows the laser unit 3 to move reliably. Backlash may occur in the meshing between the gear 8 and the meshing portion 9, but the positioning accuracy can be improved by selecting a gear module and using a transposition gear. In this case, a mechanism for detecting the position may be added.

FIG. 11 shows a driving method using rollers. In the drawing, reference numeral 20 denotes a roller, and reference numeral 21 denotes a friction surface. According to this example, since the roller 20 and the friction surface 21 are always in line contact, it is possible to suppress an error in the positional accuracy when the laser unit 3 is reciprocated.

FIG. 12 shows a drive system using a timing belt. In this example, the belt 2
3, the head 26 of the laser unit 3 is fixed and attached.
The head portion is moved by rotating a pulley 24 provided inside the belt 23 by a motor. Although not shown, as another driving method using a belt, a belt is attached to the inner peripheral surface side of the rail 4, a pulley is attached to the moving motor 7 of the unit 3, and the pulley is attached to the moving motor 7. The unit 3 may be moved by rotating the unit. In addition, the drive method of the laser unit 3 in the apparatus for processing a sphere, a cylinder, and a three-dimensional object of the present invention may be any of the above examples.
Further, in addition to the above driving method, the present invention may be implemented by an appropriate configuration according to the embodiment.

The laser processing in the present invention is preferably laser processing using YAG. This YAG laser processing has little distortion and thermal influence despite the fact that the laser beam has a very small spot and a high power density. It is suitable for fine processing applied to. In addition, since the material is non-contact processing, no mechanical force is applied to the material, deformation and damage can be prevented, and the material is not affected by the hardness of the material during processing. In addition, when the workpiece 10 is fired with a YAG laser, various oscillation operations are possible and a combination of power density, pulse width, and the like can be selected, so that the workpieces having different thermal engineering and chemical properties can be selected. Various processes can be performed on the workpiece 10.

On the other hand, carbon dioxide laser processing may be used. In this case, the output can be increased, and it is far infrared rays which are well absorbed by general materials. Reference numeral 25 denotes a moving motor for moving the laser unit 3 in the direction of the workpiece 10 so that the distance between the laser unit 3 and the workpiece 10 on the Y axis can be adjusted. What is necessary is just to provide.

As described above, since the laser unit 3 is movably provided under the control of the computer, high-precision machining and measurement can be performed while maintaining high accuracy. During the operation of the processing apparatus 1, the movement of the laser unit 3 and the rotation of the workpiece 10 are simultaneously controlled, and the laser unit 3 rotates the workpiece 10 by a circular motion with respect to the rotation of the workpiece 10. Since it is possible to move around, the workpiece 10 can be processed into a desired shape. Further, by providing the work pushing portion 11a ', the entire surface of the workpiece 10 can be processed.

The laser beam L emitted from the laser unit 3 can process the surface or the inner surface of the workpiece 10 by contact or contact by YAG laser processing and carbon dioxide laser processing. Shaped objects can be formed.

Since the processing apparatus 1 can be provided with a simple configuration, the cost can be greatly reduced.
Moreover, the installation space is small and the installation space is small.

[0035]

As is apparent from the above, the method and apparatus for processing a sphere, cylinder, or three-dimensional object according to the present invention accurately measure a whole sphere, cylinder, or other complicated three-dimensional object. And can be processed with high precision, and can be provided with a simple configuration.

Further, when measuring the shape, the entire surface of the three-dimensional shape can be accurately measured, which is most suitable for a processing device for a sphere, a cylinder, and a three-dimensional shape.

At the time of processing, any processing can be performed on the workpiece by laser processing or other mechanical processing.

[0038] Further, since transparent or translucent jewelry or the like can be processed on the inner side or the upper side by a laser beam, and can be subjected to unprecedented precision processing, it is possible to use an ornament or accessory. Or when applied to other products,
Its practical value is extremely large.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an apparatus for processing a three-dimensional object such as a sphere and a cylinder according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of the laser unit of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of a work mounting portion in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the vicinity of a work mounting portion.

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2;

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing the vicinity of a work pressing portion.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a driving method of a laser unit.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a driving method of the laser unit.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the driving method of the laser unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing apparatus 2 Laser head 3 Laser unit 4 Moving path 5 Work mounting part 10 Workpiece

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4E068 AB00 CB02 CE02 CE04 5H269 AB11 AB19 BB03 CC07 JJ19 9A001 BB01 BB04 JJ49 KK37 KK54

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. The surface of a spherical, cylindrical or other complex three-dimensional object is measured in a contact or non-contact manner by a sensor and a computer means, and the surface or the inner surface is processed by a computer means in a non-contact manner by a laser or the like. A method for processing a three-dimensional object such as a spherical shape. 2. A method for measuring the shape of a spherical or cylindrical shape or other complex three-dimensional shapes in contact or non-contact, reflecting the shape data on CAD / CAM data, and processing the workpiece by computer control. The method for processing a three-dimensionally shaped object such as a spherical shape according to claim 1. 3. The method for processing a three-dimensionally shaped object such as a spherical shape according to claim 1 or 2, wherein non-contact processing by contact with a surface of a spherical or cylindrical shape or other complicated three-dimensional shape or laser processing is performed. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface or the inner surface of the workpiece, which is a transparent or translucent material such as jewelry, glass, or resin, is subjected to laser processing or the like to perform three-dimensional processing. A method for processing three-dimensional objects such as spherical shapes. 5. A measuring means for measuring the surface of a spherical, cylindrical or other complex three-dimensional object in a contact or non-contact manner with a sensor and a computer means, and a measuring means for measuring the surface or the inner surface by a computer means or by a laser or the like. A processing device for a three-dimensional object such as a spherical shape, comprising a processing means for processing by contact. 6. A laser processing machine is rotated around the outer periphery of a spherical workpiece, and the workpiece is rotated in a predetermined rotation axis direction to engrave characters or patterns on the surface or inner surface of the workpiece. The apparatus for processing a three-dimensionally shaped object such as a spherical shape according to claim 5, wherein