JP2001226183A - Fertilizer and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a fertilizer which is slow-acting, may be applied without the occurrence of chemical injury and has an effect as a soil conditioner as well. SOLUTION: The fertilize is prepared by adsorbing fertilizer components on carbide. The fertilizer components adsorbed on the carbide are hardly elutable and may be used as a slow-acting fertilizer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fertilizer.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In order for plants to grow, three components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and minerals are required as nutrient sources. Plants are growing by absorbing these nutrients contained in the soil from the roots. When a plant withers or rots, the nutrients absorbed by the plant are reduced to the soil.However, in the cultivation of crops in agriculture, only the crops that absorb these nutrients from the soil are harvested, and the nutrients are absorbed into the soil. Since nutrients are not reduced, nutrients in the soil are diluted, and plants cannot grow. Therefore, in order to supplement such nutrient components to the soil, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, and minerals are used to mix the fertilizer components into the soil as original manure.

[0003] Plants are cultivated by sowing seeds or planting seedlings on the soil to which fertilizer has been applied as described above.
As the plants grow, these fertilizer components are absorbed from the roots.

[0004]

However, since fertilizers are easily soluble in water, they are generally quick-acting. When many fertilizers are applied as original fertilizers, the fertilizer components are effective at once in the early stage of plant growth, causing phytotoxicity. It may cause plant growth to be hindered.

[0005] For this reason, it is necessary not to apply too much fertilizer as a primary fertilizer, but to apply the fertilizer many times as a top fertilizer according to the stage of plant growth, which requires time and labor for fertilization. Was.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a fertilizer which is slow-acting, can be fertilized without causing phytotoxicity, and has an action as a soil conditioner, and a method for producing the same. It is intended to do so.

[0007]

The fertilizer according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized in that a fertilizer component is adsorbed on a carbide.

The present invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that beer charcoal is used as the carbide.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a fertilizer, comprising mixing an organic substance and a fertilizer component, firing the mixture, and carbonizing the organic substance. It is characterized by obtaining a fertilizer.

[0010] A method for producing a fertilizer according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a carbonized material is prepared by carbonizing an organic matter, and the fertilizer component is adsorbed on the carbonized material by mixing the carbide with the fertilizer component. .

The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the organic substance is granulated into granules, and the granular organic substance is fired.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

In the present invention, as the carbide, it is possible to use all types of charcoal obtained by calcining organic matter, such as wood, bamboo, chaff, plastic, beer cake, sake cake, oil cake, tofu cake, and tofu cake. Calcined charcoal can be mentioned.

Above all, the amount of beer lees generated during the production of beer has reached one million tons per year, and using beer charcoal obtained by firing beer lees as carbide particles is useful as an effective use of resources. Beer lees refers to the shell of malt that becomes a filter layer when wort is filtered during the preparation process, and a part of the generated beer lees is malt field (dairy cattle, beef cattle feed), fertilizer, etc. However, most of them are treated as industrial waste and can be stably obtained, so that they are desirable as a raw material for carbide particles. Beer lees contain a large amount of inorganic substances such as silicon and calcium, and when this is fired, it becomes beer charcoal, which is a mixture of carbon powder and inorganic substances, and the yield varies depending on the firing temperature, but is generally about 20 to 35%. . In addition, in the beer charcoal, a number of pores are formed by the escape of the pyrolysis component during the firing, and like the activated carbon, these pores are macropores having a pore diameter of 500 mm or more, mesopores of 500 to 20 mm,
It is made up of micropores of 20 to 8 mm and submicropores of 8 mm or less.

The fertilizer according to the present invention is obtained by adsorbing a fertilizer component on a carbonized material. In producing such a fertilizer, a fertilizer component dissolved in water or the like is dissolved in an organic material before carbonization. After mixing and impregnating and drying it, a method of baking and carbonizing the organic matter, or a method of carbonizing the organic matter and impregnating it by mixing a fertilizer component dissolved in water and the like, and drying this There is a way to do that. As another method, there is a method of mixing a solid fertilizer and an organic substance, granulating the mixture, and firing and carbonizing the mixture.

When calcining an organic substance to obtain a carbide, if the carbide is a powder, it may be difficult to handle it as a fertilizer. In this case, the organic substance is formed into granules such as granules, pellets, and charcoal. It is preferable to granulate and bake in this state. Granulation of the organic substance in this manner can be performed by applying a high pressure to the organic substance or applying a high pressure while heating to maintain the shape. At this time, if the organic matter is a shell of beer lees or the like, phenol components such as lignin contained therein are eluted by heat and pressure, and serve as an adhesive to facilitate granulation. In addition, a liquid or solid powder serving as an adhesive can be used.In this case, the liquid or solid powder serving as an adhesive is added to an organic substance, and if necessary, a wetting agent such as water is added. Granulation by kneading and mixing with a Henschel mixer or Erich mixer, granulation with a briquette machine, a pelletizer, etc. after kneading, and mixing with a kneader, followed by cutting with an extrusion granulator and cutting while extruding. And can be granulated.

When carbonizing the organic substance, the organic substance is fired by raising the temperature by an external heat source in an atmosphere in which air (oxygen) is shut off, or fired by self-combustion by directly igniting the organic substance. Or there is a way. The former method is advantageous in that, compared to the latter method, the yield of the carbide is high, and since the firing temperature is stable, the performance of the carbide is also stable and its shape is not easily deformed.

Fertilizer components to be adsorbed on the carbide include nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium and three components, and minerals.
These three components and minerals may be adsorbed on a carbide, or each of the three components and minerals may be adsorbed on another carbide so that they can be used properly according to the purpose. . As such fertilizer components, commercially available general ones can be used. For example, potassium chloride, lime superphosphate, calcium silicate, advanced chemical fertilizer (containing three components), heavy It is possible to use solid fertilizers such as lime superphosphate, heavy-burnt phosphorus, lime nitrogen, ordinary chemical fertilizers (containing two components), compound fertilizers, molten phosphorus fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and liquid fertilizers dissolved in water. it can. In addition, shells such as oyster shells, and minerals such as boron, manganese, iron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, and lime can be used.

In the fertilizer of the present invention obtained as described above, the fertilizer component is adsorbed on the carbide, and the fertilizer component is held in the micropores formed in the carbide. Therefore, when this fertilizer is mixed and fertilized in the soil, the fertilizer component adsorbed on the carbide is hardly eluted and can be used as a slow-acting fertilizer. Many fertilizer components do not work at once in the early stage of the growth of the plant, which can prevent phytotoxicity from hindering plant growth. The fertilizer component adsorbed on the charcoal is gradually eluted, and the plant gradually absorbs the fertilizer component as it grows, so that the fertilizer component can be efficiently given to the plant, and the plant grows faster. And can increase the yield. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the number of top fertilizers by applying a large amount of fertilizer to the soil as a base fertilizer, and to reduce the labor for fertilization.

In the fertilizer according to the present invention, after the fertilizer component is eluted from the carbide, the carbide serves as a soil conditioner. In other words, harmful metals and pesticides in the soil can be adsorbed on the pores of the carbide after the fertilizer component elutes to clean the soil, or moisture and air can be retained in these pores, and Useful microorganisms such as bacteria settle in the micropores and proliferate, promoting the decomposition of organic matter and fertilizers in the soil to promote absorption into plants, and promoting the activity of plant hair roots to promote growth. Is what you can do.

[0021]

Next, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples.

(Example 1) Nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium 3
50 g of advanced chemical fertilizer manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd. having a total component amount of 30% by mass or more was dissolved in 1000 cc of water. Then, 1 kg of beer lees (morphy) whose moisture content was reduced to 1% by mass or less by previously drying at 150 ° C. for 5 hours was added thereto, mixed well, cured for 24 hours, and the aqueous solution of the fertilizer component was added to the beer lees. Absorbed.
This was spread on a polypropylene film, naturally dried for one week, and further dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours.
The weight of the obtained fertilizer component-impregnated beer lees was 1,050 g.

This was filled in a heat-resistant box, and the heat-resistant box was covered with coke. The temperature was raised to 600 ° C. at a constant rate of 4 ° C./min, and the temperature was maintained for 3 hours. Firing was performed to obtain 380 g of a fertilizer comprising a fertilizer component-adsorbed carbide powder. The fertilizer component content of this fertilizer was 13.2% by mass.

Example 2 200 cc of water was added to 50 g of advanced chemical fertilizer manufactured by Taki Kagaku Co., Ltd. used in Example 1,
Further, 50 g of molasses having a solid content of 20% by mass was added as a binder and dissolved well. In the same manner as in Example 1, 1 kg of beer cake having a water content of 1% by mass or less was put into a kneader, and the above aqueous solution was added thereto and mixed well to impregnate the beer cake. Next, the mixture was extruded through an extruder and extruded through a hole having a diameter of 6 mm to form a 5 to 15 mm.
It was granulated into pellets by cutting into mm length. This was dried at 105 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain 1060 g of fertilizer component-containing pellets.

Thereafter, the fertilizer component-containing pellet was used in Example 1.
By calcining in the same manner as described above, 383 g of fertilizer composed of fertilizer component-adsorbed carbide pellets was obtained. The fertilizer component content of this fertilizer is 1
It was 3.1% by mass.

Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, beer grains having a water content of 1% by mass or less were fired in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a powdery carbide. The yield of the obtained carbide powder was 32.5% by mass. And 50 g of advanced chemical fertilizer manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd. used in Example 1
Is dissolved in 300 cc of water, and the powder 32 is added to the powder.
5 g was added, and the aqueous solution was sufficiently infiltrated into the carbide powder. This is spread on a polypropylene film, naturally dried for 3 days, further dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours, and 380 g of a fertilizer composed of a fertilizer component-adsorbed carbide powder.
I got The fertilizer component content of this fertilizer was 13.2% by mass.

Example 4 1 kg of beer lees having a water content of 1% by mass or less was put into a kneader in the same manner as in Example 1, and a molasses 50 having a solid content of 20% by mass was added thereto as a binder.
g was added and mixed well. Next, the mixture is extruded through an extrusion granulator, extruded from a hole having a diameter of 6 mm, cut into a length of 5 to 15 mm, and granulated into pellets, and further dried at 105 ° C. for 12 hours. A pellet was obtained. The dried pellets were fired in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a pelletized carbide. Then, a fertilizer component was impregnated into the carbide pellets and dried in the same manner as in Example 3 to obtain 385 g of a fertilizer composed of the fertilizer component-adsorbed carbide pellets. The fertilizer component content of this fertilizer was 13.0% by mass.

Example 5 500 g of carbide pellets obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 were placed in an aqueous solution in which 75 g of potassium chloride had been dissolved in 450 g of water, and the carbide pellets were well impregnated with the aqueous solution. This was dried in the same manner as in Example 3 to obtain 577 g of a fertilizer comprising potassium chloride-adsorbed carbide pellets. The potassium chloride content of this fertilizer was 13.0% by mass.

(Example 6) A fertilizer 57 composed of lime-phosphate-adsorbed carbide pellets was produced in the same manner as in Example 5, except that lime superphosphate was used instead of potassium chloride.
5 g were obtained. The superphosphate lime content of this fertilizer is 13.0
% By mass.

Example 7 576 g of a fertilizer composed of ammonium sulfate-adsorbed carbide pellets was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that ammonium sulfate was used instead of potassium chloride. The superphosphate content of this fertilizer was 13.0% by mass.

(Dissolution Test of Fertilizer Component) The fertilizer obtained in Examples 1 to 4 was subjected to a dissolution test of the fertilizer component. The test was carried out in a beaker containing 100 cc of distilled water, with the results of Examples 1 to
Add 20 g of fertilizer of No. 4 and observe it visually.
After a minute, the solution was filtered, the filtrate was put into an evaporating dish, evaporated to dryness at 105 ° C., and the mass was measured to measure the amount of elution, and the elution rate was calculated from the following equation. Dissolution rate (%) = {dissolution amount (g) / (fertilizer component content in fertilizer x 10 ^-2 x 20 g)} x 100 Moreover, the same operation is performed after 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, and 12 hours. 24 hours later.

For comparison, in a beaker containing 100 cc of distilled water, Taki Chemical Co., Ltd. used in Example 1 was used.
2.6 g of an advanced chemical fertilizer manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. was added, the dissolution was visually observed, and the time required for complete dissolution was measured.

Table 1 shows the results of these dissolution tests.

[0034]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the fertilizer of each Example required a long time to elute the fertilizer components and was slow-acting.

(Plant cultivation test) ² kg per m ^{2 in the} field
The fertilizers of Examples 3 and 4 were scattered at a spraying amount of, and mixed well with soil to form a ridge of about 50 cm in width. Four eggplant seedlings were planted on the ridges at a distance of 50 cm between the plants, and the degree of growth was examined at predetermined intervals, and the yield of eggplant was examined.

Further, each of the fertilizers of Examples 5, 6 and 7 was 667
The same cultivation test as above was performed using a total of 2 kg of fertilizer mixed with each g.

For further comparison, the same cultivation test as above was conducted using 260 g of advanced chemical fertilizer manufactured by Taki Kagaku Co., Ltd.

Table 2 shows the results.

[0040]

[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, the use of the fertilizers of the respective examples showed that the growth of the eggplant was smooth and the yield was large. Slowed down and the yield was reduced.

[0042]

As described above, the fertilizer according to the first aspect of the present invention is one in which the fertilizer component is adsorbed on the charcoal, so that the fertilizer component adsorbed on the charcoal is hardly eluted and has a delayed effect. It can be used as a fertilizer, so that many fertilizer components do not work at once in the early stage of plant growth, and can prevent phytotoxicity and inhibit plant growth, The carbide having a large number of micropores also acts as a soil conditioner, and can promote plant growth and increase the yield.

Further, the invention of claim 2 is characterized in that the carbide is beer charcoal, and beer lees discarded in large quantities can be effectively used as fertilizer.

In the method for producing a fertilizer according to claim 3 of the present invention, the fertilizer component is adsorbed on the carbonized material prepared by carbonizing the organic material by mixing the organic material and the fertilizer component and firing the mixture to carbonize the organic material. Since the fertilizer thus obtained is obtained, the fertilizer to which the fertilizer component is adsorbed can be easily produced.

In the method for producing a fertilizer according to claim 4 of the present invention, the organic matter is carbonized to prepare a carbide, and the carbide and the fertilizer component are mixed to adsorb the fertilizer component to the carbide. The adsorbed fertilizer can be easily produced.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the organic matter is granulated into granules and the granulated organic matter is calcined, so that the fertilizer can be manufactured into granules and the handling of the fertilizer can be improved. Things.

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A fertilizer comprising a fertilizer component adsorbed on a carbide. 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the charcoal is beer charcoal. 3. A fertilizer comprising the steps of: mixing an organic substance and a fertilizer component; calcining the mixture to carbonize the organic substance; thereby obtaining a fertilizer in which the fertilizer component is adsorbed on a carbide prepared by carbonizing the organic substance. Production method. 4. A method for producing a fertilizer, comprising preparing a carbide by carbonizing an organic substance, mixing the carbide with a fertilizer component, and adsorbing the fertilizer component to the carbide. 5. The method for producing a fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the organic matter is granulated into granules, and the granulated organic matter is calcined.