JP2001158008A - Wood preservative - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wood preservative which ensures high safety to a human being and livestock and is free from adverse effects upon environments and high control properties. SOLUTION: This wood preservative is characterized in that it contains a vegetable belonging to a group such as Prunu, Geranium, Magnolia, Cornus, Atractylodes, Chrysanthemum, Artemicia, Raphanus, Terminalia, Polygonum, Clematis Saussrea Juncus, Morus, Rubia, Berberis, Smilax or Curcuma or a processed product thereof or gallic ester.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wood preservative, and more particularly, to a preservative effective for preventing wood from being corroded by wood rot fungi such as Japanese quail mushroom, a method for producing the same, and a method for preserving the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various wood preservatives for preventing decay of wood have been known.
Various compounds having a wood preservative action, a bactericidal action, a fungicide action and the like are known. However, these conventionally known wood preservatives have a high effect on human and animal safety and the environment, and may destroy natural ecosystems.

[0003]

An object of the present invention is to provide a wood preservative having a high preservative property against wood rot fungi.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a wood preservative which is highly safe for humans and animals and has no adverse effect on the environment.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a wood preservative which can control wood rot fungi reliably and efficiently.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object and to obtain a wood preservative having an excellent effect and sustainability. Or a composition containing gallic acid ester was found to have high safety and a high antiseptic effect against wood rot fungi, and completed the present invention.

[0007] The present inventors contact wood rot fungi with a specific kind of plant described below or a treated product of the plant (eg, an extract or exudate collected from the plant), or gallic acid ester. Has been used to prevent or kill the growth of the wood preservative.

That is, the present invention relates to a genus Prunus, a genus Geranium,
The genus Magnolia, the genus Cornus, the genus Atractylodes, the genus Chrysanthemum, the genus Artemicia, the genus Raphanus, the genus Terminali
a), genus Polygonum (Polygonum), genus Clematis (Clem
atis), genus Southus (Saussrea), genus Juncus (Ju
ncus), a plant belonging to the genus Morus, the genus Rubia (Rubia), the genus Berberis (Berberis), the genus Smilax or the genus Curcuma (Curcuma) or a processed product thereof or a gallic acid ester A wood preservative, wherein the gallic acid ester is a C ₁ -C ₁₅ hydrocarbon ester of gallic acid, and wherein the wood preservative described in the above-mentioned is contacted with wood. Wood preservation method.

Fungi that rot wood are classified into three types: brown rot fungi, white rot fungi, and soft rot fungi based on the appearance of decayed wood. Wood that has decayed by brown rot fungi exhibits a brown color. In the natural world, it often invades softwood. The wood preservative of the present invention is effective for all of these rot fungi, but is particularly effective against Tyromyes palustris belonging to brown rot fungi.

Wood which can be protected by the wood preservative according to the invention is, for example, structural wood, wooden timber, railroad sleepers, bridge parts, breakwaters, wooden cars, boxes, pallets, containers, wooden coverings, wooden windows. And doors, plywood, particleboard,
It is a wood-based material that is commonly used for joinery work or construction or building construction.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention comprises at least one plant selected from the above-mentioned specific plants or a processed product thereof (for example, an extract or exudate of the plant) or a gallic acid ester. The present invention provides a wood preservative characterized by:

The following can be mentioned as the plants and crude drugs used in the present invention. In the present invention, at least one plant selected from the genus of the above-mentioned plants and crude drugs or a processed product thereof (for example, an extract or exudate) can be used. The above-mentioned plants are all preferred examples, and the present invention is not limited to these specific examples, and all plants belonging to the genus recited in the claims can be conveniently used in the present invention. Treated products are those obtained by treating these plants,
For example, those obtained by adding artificial means to these plants, such as dry cutting, extraction, exudate collection, and pulverization, can be used in the present invention. Since crude drugs are processed products of these plants, they may be used as raw materials for the active ingredients of the present invention. It may be further processed to obtain the active ingredient material of the present invention.

In the present specification, “exudate” refers to
It means not only exudates collected from plant trunks and the like but also substances exuding from these plants widely. In addition, `` preservative '' against fungi is used not only for sterilization but also for meaning including growth suppression.

Since the wood preservative of the present invention contains a diuretic component derived from the specific plant as described below, it is highly safe, does not destroy natural ecosystems, and has a high insecticidal and insecticidal properties. There is a feature that the repellent effect is high.

The gallic acid ester is preferably a C ₁ -C ₁₅ hydrocarbon ester of gallic acid. The C _{1 to} C
Examples of the ₁₅ hydrocarbons include unsaturated fatty acid hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, vinyl, and allyl. Among them, propane to dodecane are particularly preferred. These are linear, branched or cyclic.

Examples of the C ₁ -C ₁₅ hydrocarbon ester of gallic acid include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, lauryl, and the like. Tridecyl, myristyl, pentadecyl, vinyl,
Allyl and i-butyl can be used.
For example, propyl gallate and lauryl gallate can be preferably used. The above alkyl groups may be linear, branched or cyclic. Gallic acid ester is a chemical substance that has been known for a long time and is recognized as safe for humans and animals. These gallic esters are produced by a usual method.

The above extract can be obtained by a conventional method. For example, after the plant or herbal medicine is subjected to processing such as cutting, drying, and pulverization as necessary, and using an appropriate extraction solvent, the mixture is extracted under normal pressure or pressure, at room temperature or under heating, and optionally extracted. After filtration and concentration,
The extract can be obtained. Plants can be used alone or in combination for extraction.

The site of the plant to be extracted varies depending on the type of plant, but may be the whole plant, or a part of the plant, for example, roots, stems, leaves, fruits, seeds, pericarp,
It may be bark, trunk, branch, flower and the like.

Examples of the extraction solvent include water; methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-octanol, cyclohexanol, propylene glycol and the like. Alcohols;
Ethers such as ethyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, dimethoxyethane, cyclic ether (eg, dioxane, terahydrofuran, etc.), mono- or dialkylene glycol monoalkyl ether (eg, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, etc.); acetone, methyl ethyl ketone Ketones such as methyl, isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; halogen hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and octane Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and cycloheptane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; Carbonyl acids;. N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, aprotic polar solvents such as pyridine can be used as a mixture of these solvents singly or in combination.

Among these, preferred extraction solvents include:
Water, hydrophilic solvents and mixtures thereof. Preferred hydrophilic solvents include linear or branched alcohols having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms; ethers such as dimethoxyethane, cyclic ether, mono- or dialkylene glycol monoalkyl ether; ketones such as acetone; nitriles Organic carboxylic acids; aprotic polar solvents and the like.

A particularly preferred solvent is water;
Or water-soluble solvents such as acetone; and mixtures thereof.

The amount of the extraction solvent used may be within a range that does not impair the extraction efficiency and the extraction operation. For example, 50 to 10000 parts by weight,
It is preferably about 100 to 2000 double parts. The extraction temperature is, for example, 0 to 150 ° C, preferably room temperature to 120 ° C.
It is about.

The exudate in the present invention can also be obtained by a conventional method. For example, a part of a plant body, for example, scratches a stem or the like, or collects exudate such as resin, or the plant body or a part thereof is subjected to hot water treatment or the like as necessary, and then squeezed. The exudate can be obtained by sampling. In the present invention, not only exudates separated from plants as described above, but also exudates exuding from plants or parts thereof can be used. For example,
Exudate may exude from plants that have been subjected to treatment such as crushing and drying. Such exudates are also included in the “exudates” of the present invention, and can be used as the active ingredient material of the present invention.

In the present invention, two or more kinds of plants and their extracts may be mixed with each other, or exudates may be mixed, or two or more kinds selected from a treated product, an extract and an exudate may be combined. May be mixed. The extract and exudate may be liquid, solid such as powder or granule, or semi-solid such as paste. The treated product, extract, and exudate contain components that exhibit a high preservative action against wood-rotting fungi. Moreover, since the wood preservative component is a natural product and is derived from plants used as edibles and crude drugs, it is generally highly safe for humans and livestock and has little adverse effect on the environment.

The formulation of the wood preservative of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the above-mentioned active ingredient raw materials.
The processed product of the plant and its extract or exudate itself may be used. Further, the wood preservative may be formulated. Examples of the formulation include liquids such as solutions, wettable powders, suspensions, dispersants, emulsions, oils, and lotions; solids such as powders, granules, microcapsules, microspheres, flowables, and foaming agents. Agents; semisolid agents such as pastes and creams; sprays and aerosols;
Paints and the like can be mentioned, and these can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use and the application site. These preparations can be manufactured by a conventional method.

The liquid preparation and semisolid preparation can be produced, for example, by diluting the extract or exudate with a suitable liquid diluent or carrier. In the case of a wettable powder, a solid diluent or a carrier may be further used.

Examples of the liquid diluent or carrier include ethylene glycol,
Alcohols such as propylene glycol and glycerin; plasticizers (eg, ester plasticizers such as di-2-ethylhexyl adipate); petroleum solvents such as kerosene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylnaphthalene and phenylxylylethane; Phosphate esters such as 2-ethylhexylphenyl phosphate can also be used. These liquid diluents and carriers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the solid diluent or carrier, for example,
Diatomaceous earth, mica, clay, kaolin, talc, quartz powder, bentonite and the like can be mentioned. These solid diluents or carriers can also be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

The solid preparation can be produced, for example, by diluting or granulating the extract or exudate with a suitable solid diluent or carrier. Examples of the solid diluent or carrier include, in addition to the solid diluents described above, talc bases such as talc powder, wax will powder, clays such as fine powder clay, mineral powders such as calcium carbonate; sulfur powder; urea powder; Vegetable powders such as wood flour and starch; various carriers commonly used in agricultural chemicals, horticultural preparations and the like. These solid diluents and carriers are often used as extenders. Solid diluents and carriers can also be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

The aerosol can be produced, for example, by diluting the extract or exudate with an appropriate solvent if necessary and filling the mixture with a propellant in a cheerful manner. Examples of the solvent include the above-mentioned solvents and the like. Examples of the propellant include chlorofluorocarbon and liquefied natural gas.

The wood preservative may be various additives depending on the type of the preparation, if necessary, for example, a preservative and fungicide;
Stabilizers such as antioxidants and UV absorbers; Binders; Resins having film-forming ability; Emulsifiers, dispersants, spreading agents, wetting agents, penetrants; Thickeners; Flow aids; A flocculant;
It may contain an ultraviolet scattering agent; a water removing agent; a coloring agent and the like.

The antiseptic and antifungal agents include, for example, 3
Organic iodo compounds such as -bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenylethyl carbonate, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallyl alcohol, parachlorophenyl-3-iodopropargyl formal A benzimidazole such as 2- (4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole and 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole, a benzimidazole such as 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole and a benzothiazole compound; 1- (2- (2 ′,
4'-dichlorophenyl) -1,3-dioxolan-2
-Ylmethyl) -1H-1,2,4-triazole, 1
-(2- (2 ', 4'-dichlorophenyl) -propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl) -1H-
1,2,4-triazole, α- (2- (4-chlorophenyl) ethyl) -α- (1,1-dimethylethyl)-
Triazole compounds such as 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol; and natural compounds such as 4-isopropyltropolone (hinokitiol) and borax.

As the antioxidant, for example, 4,4'-
Thiobis-6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, butylated hydroxyanisole (a mixture of 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol), p-octylfenol, mono ( Or di or tri)-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (B
HT), pentaerythrityl tetrakis [3- (3,
Phenolic antioxidants such as 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] propionate; N, N'-
Amine antioxidants such as di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; hydroquinoline antioxidants such as 2,5-di (t-amyl) hydroquinoline; sulfur based antioxidants such as dilaurylthiodiuropionate Antioxidants; examples include phosphorus-based antioxidants such as triphenyl phosphite.

As the ultraviolet absorber, for example, 2-
Benzotriazole-based compounds such as (2'-hydroxy-5'methylphenyl) benzotriazole and 2- (2'-hydroxy-4'-n-octoxyphenyl) benzotriazole; 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, Benzophenone compounds such as -hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; salicylic acid compounds such as phenyl salicylate and pt-butylphenyl salicylate; 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-
3,3-diphenyl acrylate, 2-ethoxy-2 '
-Bisanilide ethyl oxalate, dimethyl succinate-1
-(2-hydroxyethyl) -4-hydroxy-2,
2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine polycondensate and the like.

Examples of the resin having film forming ability include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, styrene resin, fluororesin, and the like.
Examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as chlorinated polyolefins, alkyd resins, polyamides, and polyesters; and thermosetting resins such as phenol resins, urea resins, melamine resins, furan resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and epoxy resins.

As the emulsifier, dispersant, spreading agent, wetting agent and penetrant, conventional surfactants such as anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants can be used. Examples of the anionic surfactant include metal soaps, sulfate salts such as alkyl sodium sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonates such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate,
Alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid such as sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate [for example, trade name Newcargen BX-C manufactured by Takemoto Yushi Co., Ltd.], dialkyl sodium 2-sulfosuccinate [for example, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.]
Diol salts such as 2-sulfosuccinic acid and polycarboxylic acid type surfactants [for example, Toxanone GR-3, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.]
0], α-olefin sulfonate, ammonium salt of polyoxyethylene distyrenated phenyl ether sulfate [for example, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., trade name: Dixsol 60A], sodium lignin sulfonate, potassium lignin sulfonate And the like. Nonionic surfactants include, for example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether [for example, Daikin Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. product name: Inogen EA 142 (EA-142)] polyoxyethylene aryl Ether, fatty acid polyvalent alcohol ester, fatty acid polyhydric alcohol ester, fatty acid polyhydric alcohol polyoxyethylene, sucrose fatty acid ester, block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide [for example, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. Mei New Pole PE-6
4].

Examples of the thickener include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, and as a flow aid, a PAP auxiliary (for example, isopropyl phosphoric acid),
Wax, polyethylene, fatty acid metal salt, paraffin,
Examples thereof include organic lubricants such as silicone oil and inorganic lubricants such as talc. Examples of the anti-caking agent include white carbon, diatomaceous earth, magnesium stearate, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and the like. As a flocculant, for example, liquid paraffin ethylene glycol,
Examples thereof include diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and isobutylene polymer [for example, IP Solvent-2835 manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.]. Examples of the ultraviolet light scattering agent include titanium dioxide. Examples of the water removing agent include desiccants such as anhydrous gypsum and silica gel powder. Colorants include, for example, organic or inorganic pigments and dyes.

The wood preservative of the present invention may contain other insect repellents, pest repellents, and potency enhancers. Examples of the other insect repellents include, for example, organic phosphorus compounds such as phoxime, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, pyridafenthion, and isofenphos; carbamate compounds such as bassa and propoxer; cyfluthulin, permethrin,
Pyrethroid compounds such as tralomethrin, fenparate, etofenprox, Hoe-498, neonicotinoid compounds such as imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, phenylpyrazole compounds such as fipronil, nereistoxin compounds such as bensultap, hiba Oil, Hiba neutral oil, decanoic acid,
In addition to fatty acids such as octanoic acid and boric acid, neem (JP-A-3-41011), plants of the genus Moringa and Mara (JP-A-6-329514) and the like can be mentioned. It may also contain a chitin synthesis inhibitor such as lufenuron, hexaflumuron, diflubenzuron, or flufenoxuron, which is known as an insect growth regulator (IGR), or a juvenile hormone-like compound such as methoprene or hydroprene.

Raw material of the above-mentioned active ingredient, that is, processed plant
The content of (eg, extract, exudate of the plant) or gallic ester can be appropriately selected depending on the dosage form of the wood preservative and the method of application. In the case of liquids, semi-solids or solids, the concentration of the components is, for example, 0.1-80% by weight, preferably 0.5% by weight, as an extract or exudate or gallic acid ester of the plant in a wood preservative. ~ 50% by weight
It is about. When the wood preservative is an aerosol, the concentration of the component in the filling filled in the container is, for example, 0.01 to 25 as an extract or exudate of the plant.
%, Preferably about 0.05 to 15%.

The wood preservative of the present invention includes various fungi, for example, brown caustic fungi (for example, Japanese quail mushroom, Id mushroom,
It can be applied to white rot fungi (Kawaitake mushroom, Chirimentitake mushroom, Namidatake mushroom) and white rot fungi (for example, Kawatake mushroom).
By applying the wood preservative of the present invention to building wood, it can be protected from wood decay and can be controlled with a small amount and high efficiency.

Note that such effects can be similarly obtained by using the plant itself containing the extract or exudate.

In the method for preserving wood according to the present invention, the invasion source and source of wood-rotting fungi, for example, in a building,
Kitchen, bathroom, living room, floor corners, underfloor, ceiling, base, pillars, walls, wooden windows and doors, railroad pillows,
The wood preservative may be applied to bridge parts, breakwaters, wooden cars, boxes, pallets, containers, wooden coverings, and the like. The method of applying the wood preservative includes various modes depending on the invasion source and generation source of the wood decay fungi, for example, methods such as coating, spraying, dipping, pouring, admixing, and spraying. Wood preservatives
Apply to sheet-like base material such as synthetic resin sheet, paper, cloth, etc.
It is also possible to control the decay of wood by holding the sheet by impregnation, kneading, or the like, adjusting the sheet, and placing or adhering the sheet at a location where the fungus has entered or where the fungus has entered.

[0042]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

[0043]

EXAMPLES 100 g of the following crude drug, commercially available, was extracted with 800 ml of 100% methanol at 60 ° C. under reflux. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain an extract. The extract was dissolved in methanol to obtain a 5% (by weight) solution of the extract. A cedar test piece (20 × 40 × 5 mm, 2
The above methanol solution was applied at a rate of 200 g / m ² to the square eye. This was dried at 60 ° C. for 2 days, weighed, sterilized with ethylene oxide gas, and then placed on a petri dish inoculated with Japanese quail mushroom on the medium. After being left for 8 weeks, it was taken out, dried at 60 ° C. for 2 days, weighed, and the weight loss rate was determined.

However, in the case of Gennoshoko and Sanshuyu, a 50% aqueous methanol solution was used instead of the above methanol. The gallic acid ester was prepared in the same manner as described above using a 2% solution of gallic acid, propyl gallate, lauryl gallate, and stearyl gallate.

[Test Results] Table 1 shows the results of the contact tests performed by the above method.

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, in the test treated by the method of the example, after 8 weeks, all crude drugs and plants and gallic acid esters used in the example were compared with the untreated one. Was only slightly reduced.

In particular, the crude drugs Gennoshoko, Koboku,
In the case of Sanshuyu and gallic acid esters, propyl gallate showed a high preservative effect with a reduction rate of 1% or less.

[0048]

According to the method of the present invention, wood rot fungi can be efficiently protected, and wood rot damage can be significantly reduced.

The wood preservative of the present invention exhibits an excellent control effect against wood rot fungi. In addition, since the active ingredient is derived from a natural plant, it is highly safe for humans and animals, and has little adverse effect on the environment.

According to the production method of the present invention, a wood preservative having the above-mentioned excellent properties can be obtained by a simple operation such as extraction or leaching.

According to the control method of the present invention, wood rot fungi can be controlled very efficiently while ensuring safety.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A genus of Prunus, a genus of Geranium, a genus of Magnolia, a genus of Cornus, a genus of Atractylodes, a genus of Chrysanthemum, a genus of Artemisia (A)
rtemicia), Raphanus, Terminalia, Polygonum, Clematis, Clematis, Southreas (Saussrea), Juncus, Morus, Rubia A wood preservative comprising a plant belonging to the genus Berberis, Berberis, Smilax or Curcuma or a processed product thereof, or a gallic acid ester. 2. The gallic acid ester according to claim 1, wherein said gallic acid is C ₁ -C.
A wood preservative, which is a ₁₅ hydrocarbon ester. 3. A method of preserving wood, comprising treating wood with the wood preservative according to claim 1.