JP2001091163A - Kiln for multistage ceramic industry - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a kiln for multistage ceramic industry to simultaneously perform glost firing and biscuit firing. SOLUTION: The outer wall of a kiln for a multistage ceramic industry according to this invention comprises a first layer 39 where fire-bricks 13 are stacked; a second layer 41 of high temperature fire resisting fibers 15 to surround the periphery of the first layer 39; and a third layer 43 formed of a decorative outer wall material 17 to improve appearance. The inner chamber of the kiln for multistage ceramic industry is divided into four chambers consisting of a first combustion chamber 57, a second combustion chamber 59, a glost firing chamber 67, and a biscuit firing chamber 89. Besides, hot air of the glost firing chamber 67 is guided in the biscuit firing chamber 89 as it flows around an uptake 109 consisting of a partition plate 91 erected on the side of the glost firing chamber 67.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a kiln for firing pottery such as ceramics, and more particularly, to a small-sized kiln capable of simultaneously performing unglazing and main firing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, ceramics and the like are sufficiently air-dried before firing in order to prevent cracks and cracks during firing. Then, after the base of the pottery is sufficiently dried, unbaking is performed in which the base is baked so as to withstand the glaze. This unglazing is performed at a low heat of about 650 to 800 degrees. After the unglazing operation, the surface is coated with glaze by being selectively colored and then immersed in a glaze solution. After the glaze has been applied in this manner, the next baking is performed. This glaze is used to inhibit the water absorption of pottery and to enhance the color of the substrate.

[0003] A small kiln used for firing such ceramics generally has a structure in which utensils are housed inside the kiln, and the utensils are burned by a flame generated below the kiln. That is, a so-called intermittent kiln is used, which is a kiln having a structure in which one container storage chamber is provided above the combustion chamber, and in which firing and cooling of the container are alternately performed.

[0004] Therefore, when unglazing and main firing are performed in one kiln, they are separate processes, and are performed as independent operations. For example, when performing unglazed firing, the amount of charcoal etc. to be used is reduced, the burning power of the burner is set lower, the burning time is shortened, etc., compared to main firing, in order to keep the fire inside the kiln low. I was

[0005] In addition, in this firing, a sufficient fire degree (1200
(1300 degrees, desirably about 1230 degrees), more charcoal was used than in the unglazing process, or the gas burner was heated more strongly. In this way, with unglazed
The firing is performed as a separate operation using different heating power in one kiln.

[0006]

However, unglazed and main baked products are different from each other only in the degree of fire used, and the temperature rise in the kiln by burning charcoal or the like is the same. Therefore, almost the same operation is performed from the furnace to the firing of the container to be fired. For example, after the vessel is placed in the kiln, the flame and heat required for the vessel placed in the kiln are added by burning a gas (kerosene, heavy oil) burner or charcoal. After the burning process is continued for a predetermined time, the kiln is naturally cooled for a predetermined time to reduce the temperature of the kiln. When the temperature inside the kiln is sufficiently reduced by the natural cooling, the kiln is taken out from which the stored container is taken out.

[0007] That is, a series of operations such as putting a kiln into a furnace, burning, natural cooling, and taking out a kiln are the same in unglazed and main baked products. Therefore, when performing unglazed and baked,
Fuels such as charcoal, kerosene, heavy oil and gas are required independently in each process. As a result, when performing unglazed and main baked, if there are more than the maximum number of vessels that can be accommodated in the kiln, the two tasks of hon-baked and unglazed must be performed separately,
The fuel consumption efficiency was not always good. In other words, economic efficiency was not good.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and provides a kiln capable of simultaneously performing regular firing and unglazing, and which is easy to relocate or install, etc.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method of dividing a kiln into two chambers, a lower chamber (main firing chamber) and an upper chamber (unglazed chamber). Shelf 69). Moreover, the two chambers are connected by a heat conducting means, which is a box-shaped ventilation path, and the high-temperature gas (smoke, hot air, etc.) filling the lower chamber is transferred to the upper chamber so as to bypass the heat conducting means. By leading, the calorific value of the hot gas is lost by a predetermined amount. In addition, the wall of the kiln has a structure surrounded by a plurality of walls, and each wall has a three-layer structure composed of a refractory brick, a high-temperature refractory fiber, and a decorative outer wall. Further, each wall is manufactured in advance as one block body, the second layer and the third layer are integrally manufactured as one wall member, and the walls are joined by relatively simple means. Was configured.

[0010] Thus, since the main firing and unglazing are performed simultaneously, the fuel consumption efficiency is improved. Moreover, despite the high temperature inside the kiln, it is possible to realize a high heat shielding property that keeps the temperature of the outer wall of the kiln sufficiently low. Further, the kiln body can be relatively easily transferred or installed.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Configuration FIGS. 1 and 2 show the appearance of a multi-stage ceramic kiln of the present invention. The multi-stage kiln of the present invention is roughly divided into a kiln body 1, an oil burner 5 for injecting a flame into the interior of the kiln body 1, and a fuel tank 3 for storing fuel to the oil burner 5. You. The oil burner 5 generates heat by burning oil, but may generate heat by burning gas and electricity. Further, a thermometer 7 (temperature measuring means) for measuring the temperature inside the kiln is inserted into the side wall 11 of the kiln body 1.

FIG. 3 shows a vertical cross section of the kiln body 1. FIG. 4 shows a horizontal cross section of the kiln body 1. The cross section in FIG. 4 is a cross section viewed in the direction of II ′ in FIG. The kiln body 1, which is a kiln for a multi-stage ceramic industry of the present invention, has a hollow rectangular shape surrounded by vertical walls on all sides, and has a height 9 of about 120.
Made to 0mm. Moreover, the width of the side wall 11 is about 7
When the kiln body 1 is viewed from above at 50 mm, it is formed in a substantially square shape.

A nozzle opening 47 and an opening 49 are provided below the wall of the kiln body 1 so as to completely penetrate into the internal space (see FIG. 2). This nozzle opening 4
7, an injection nozzle 45 from which the flame of the oil burner 5 (heating means) is injected is inserted. Further, the opening 49
Is used to monitor the state of the flame and to feed fuel such as charcoal (heating means) into the kiln body 1 through the opening 49. The nozzle opening 47 and the opening 4
9 is closed by a detachable sealing stopper (not shown) made of a firebrick or the like as necessary.

The side wall 11 of the kiln body 1 has a three-layer structure,
The first layer 39 is provided with a refractory brick (or heat insulating brick) 13 and a second layer.
The high-temperature refractory fiber 15 is used for the layer 41, and the decorative outer wall material 17 such as a gypsum board is used for the third layer 43 (see FIG. 3). On the hearth 19 of the kiln body 1, the same refractory bricks as the refractory bricks 13 used for the first layer 39 are arranged in tiles on the ground. This hearth 19, when viewed from above,
It is formed in a substantially square shape.

The refractory bricks 13 are regularly stacked in the vertical direction on each of the four sides of the hearth 19 to form the first layer 39 of the kiln body 1. The first layer 39 and the hearth 1
The refractory brick 13 used in 9 is a thick rectangular body and a long block, and is made of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, or the like as a main raw material. Such a refractory brick 13
Are piled up on the four sides of the hearth 19 in a grid pattern.

FIG. 5 shows the appearance of the first layer 39 on which the refractory bricks 13 are stacked. One step 25 of the refractory brick 13 has a long surface 29 (the surface of the largest area of the brick block) exposed to the outer surface of the kiln body 1 and is piled up. Next to,
It is assembled so that the short surfaces 27 (the surfaces of the narrowest areas of the brick blocks) of the refractory bricks 13 stacked adjacent to each other are in contact with each other. The upper stage 31 of the stage 25 is stacked so that the long surface 29 of the refractory brick 13 is located immediately above the short surface 27.

As described above, when one wall surface of the kiln body 1 is viewed, the short surfaces 27 and the long surfaces 29 of the refractory bricks 13 are alternately stacked from bottom to top. Thereby, the adhesiveness between two adjacent wall surfaces of the kiln body 1 is enhanced, and the entire first layer 39 is prevented from collapsing. The hearth 1
9 and each of the refractory bricks 13 constituting the first layer,
Adhered with mortar with appropriate fire resistance. This mortar is made of substantially the same material as the refractory brick 13,
Used together with additives such as water, it is used for bonding each brick in a viscous liquid state.

The outer periphery of the first layer 39 made of the refractory bricks 13 stacked using mortar is covered with the high-temperature refractory fiber 1.
The second layer 41 is configured so as to be covered by the layer 5. As the high-temperature refractory fiber 15, rock wool, asbestos, a ceramic fiber having high heat insulating property, or the like is used. In particular, the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 used in the present invention is a refractory fiber formed by melting raw materials such as alumina, silica, ferric oxide, and zirconia, and then scattered into the air with a high-speed air flow to form a fibrous form. Have been.

By surrounding the periphery of the second layer 41 of the kiln body 1 formed of the high-temperature refractory fibers 15 with the decorative outer wall material 17, the high-temperature refractory fibers 15 are fixed, and at the same time, the outer wall surface of the kiln body 1 is aesthetically pleasing. Is enhanced. The decorative outer wall materials 17 surrounding the high-temperature refractory fibers 15 are fixed using an L-shaped washer 21 and screws (or bolts) 23. That is, adjacent decorative outer wall materials 17 are closely adhered at the sides, and a washer 21 bent in an L-shape along the back surfaces of the two decorative outer wall materials 17 is attached to the back side of the connection portion. And
Screw 2 penetrated from the outer peripheral surface to the back surface of each decorative outer wall material 17
3 is screwed into the washer 21.

That is, the screw 23 that has penetrated the decorative outer wall material 17 is screwed into each arm portion of the L-shaped washer 21. As a result, two adjacent decorative outer wall materials 17 are joined by the washer 21. Then, the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 is fixed inside the cylindrical shape surrounded by the decorative outer wall material 17. When the decorative outer wall material 17 is fixed, the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 may be anchored to the back surface of the decorative outer wall material 17 or the surface of the refractory brick 13.

The decorative outer wall material 17 may be a gypsum board or the like coated with a weather-resistant paint or the like, or a decorative plate made of aluminum, marble, iron, galvanized iron, copper or the like.

The second layer 41 and the third layer 4 of the kiln body 1
3, the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 and the decorative outer wall material 1
Instead of 7, fire-insulating bricks 33 are stacked.
As described above, the upper lid 35 and the opening / closing lid made of the refractory brick or the high-temperature refractory fiber are provided in the upper opening of the side wall 11 made of the refractory brick 13, the refractory insulation brick 33, the high-temperature refractory fiber 15, and the decorative outer wall material 17. 37 are placed. The upper lid 35 and the opening / closing lid 37 may be in the form of a flat iron plate. The opening / closing lid 37 is connected to the upper lid 35 via a hinge and can be opened / closed.

The upper lid 35 is fixed to the upper portion of the first layer 39 by bolts or the like embedded in the refractory brick 13,
The opening / closing lid 37 is detachable by two U-shaped handles 39 provided on the upper part. Further, the upper lid 35
, A chimney 113 (heat discharging means) is provided upright. The chimney 113 is used for exhausting smoke in the kiln body 1.

Next, the structure inside the kiln body 1 will be described. The space inside the kiln body 1 is 4
It is divided into rooms. The first shelf 51 is installed horizontally just above the nozzle opening 47 penetrating the side of the kiln body 1.
That is, the long shelf claws 53 are horizontally embedded below the two opposing surfaces of the inner wall of the first layer 39 and directly above the nozzle opening 47. That is, the first layer 39
One shelf claw 5 on each of the two opposing surfaces of the
3 are buried.

The first shelf 51 is placed horizontally so as to bridge the two shelf claws 53. This first shelf 51
Thereby, the first combustion chamber 57 is formed at the lowermost part in the kiln body 1. The shelf claws 53 are long narrow flat plates, and are embedded and fixed between the refractory bricks 13 of the first layer 39 stacked vertically.

The first shelf 51 is formed of an iron lattice plate or a ceramic plate (ceramic board or mullite). The mullite used in the present invention is a plate containing aluminum oxide and silicon oxide as main components and has high fire resistance. FIG. 6 shows the first shelf 5
1 is seen from above. When the first shelf 51 is made of a ceramic (mullite) plate, a plurality of minute holes 55 are provided in the entire shelf plate. This minute hole 55
The flame injected from the injection nozzle 45 of the oil burner 5,
The gas heated by the flame is made to smoothly rise from the first combustion chamber 57 to the second combustion chamber 59 immediately above the first shelf 51.

Further, a second shelf 63 is installed horizontally just above the opening 49 on the side of the kiln body 1. This second shelf 6
3 is supported by two shelf claws 61 similarly to the first shelf 51. That is, a long and flat plate-like shelf claw 6 similar to the shelf claw 53 is provided on each of two opposing inner wall surfaces of the first layer 39.
1 is buried one by one. The second shelf 63 is placed so as to bridge the two shelf claws 61. The second shelf 63 is formed of a ceramic plate (ceramic board, mullite) or the like.

FIG. 7 shows a state in which the second shelf 63 is viewed upward. Like the first shelf 51, the second shelf 63 also has a plurality of small holes 65 formed in the entire plate. However, the minute hole 65 is provided only in the central portion of the second shelf 63, and the minute hole 65 is provided in the peripheral portion of the second shelf 63.
There is no part.

The space directly above the second shelf 63 is a firing room 67 (lower room), on which a firing device is placed. In addition, the kiln body 1
The thermometer 7 penetrates from the outer wall surface of the thermometer 7. This thermometer 7
Uses a temperature measuring element such as a thermocouple. Note that the vertical distance from the first shelf 51 to the second shelf 63 is about 1
Made in 95mm.

Further, a third shelf 69 is provided above the second shelf 63.
(Dividing means) is provided horizontally. FIG. 8 shows a state in which the third shelf 69 is viewed from above. The third shelf 69 has four vertexes 73, 75, 77, and 79 supported by one shelf claw 71 (see FIG. 4). The shelf claws 71 are small flat plates, and are embedded one by one at four corners of the inner peripheral surface of the first layer 39.

The third shelf 69 has two opposite sides 8.
1 and 83 are provided with rectangular openings 85 and 87, respectively. That is, the openings 85 and 87 make the third
It is formed so that air can freely flow in the vertical direction of the shelf 69. It should be noted that the third shelf 69 is the other first shelf 51 and the second shelf
Unlike the shelf 63, no minute holes are provided. Third shelf 6
9 is a ceramic plate (ceramic board, mullite)
And so on. The uppermost chamber inside the kiln body 1 partitioned by the third shelf 69 is an unglazed chamber 89 (upper chamber). The vertical distance between the second shelf 63 and the third shelf 69, that is, the height of the firing room 67 is set to about 325 mm.

Both sides of the upper surface of the second shelf 63 (the two-dot chain line 9 in FIG. 7)
3, 95), a partition plate 91 is provided upright.
FIG. 9 shows the state of the partition plate 91. This partition plate 91 is a flat plate, and its bottom portion 97
Is provided with a rectangular opening 99. The bottom portion 97 is arranged on the two-dot chain lines 93 and 95 of the second shelf 63.

When the partition plate 91 is erected on the second shelf 63, the upper side 101 of the partition plate 91 is connected to the opening 8 of the third shelf 69.
5, 87. The portion where the upper side 101 abuts on the third shelf 69 is indicated by two-dot chain lines 103 and 105 in FIG. Note that the partition plate 91 is made of iron or a ceramic plate (ceramic board, mullite) or the like.

FIG. 10 shows a first shelf 51, a second shelf 63 and a third shelf 69 inside the kiln body 1, and two partition plates 91.
The positional relationship with is shown. Upper side 101 of partition 91
Is completely in contact with the lower surface of the third shelf 69 and the partition plate 9
The bottom 97 of the first shelf is in close contact with the upper surface of the second shelf 63. In addition, the partition plate 91 is in close contact with the side of the shelf claws 71 supporting the third shelf 69. This partition 9
1 may be bonded to the second shelf 63 and the shelf claws 71 that support the third shelf 69 with mortar or the like, or may be supported leaning on the shelf claws 71. However, it is not bonded to the third shelf 69.

Thus, the third shelf 69 can be freely lifted upward from the shelf claws 71 and removed.
Moreover, when the third shelf 69 is removed, each partition plate 91
Since it is fixed so as to lean against the shelf claws 71, it does not fall down into the firing room 67. It should be noted that other means may be used for fixing the partition plate 91.
For example, the side 107 (see FIG. 9) of the partition plate 91 may be completely fixed to the inner wall surface of the first layer 39 with mortar or the like.

A smoke path 109 (= heat conducting path means) formed by being surrounded by the partition plate 91 and the inner wall surface of the first layer 39 flows from an opening 99 (see FIG. 9) of the partition plate 91. It is used to guide the hot gas containing smoke to the unglazing chamber 89 (upper chamber). That is, the baking room 67 surrounded by the two partition plates 91 and the third shelf 69 is filled with the gas heated by the flame of the oil burner 5. Then, from the inside of the main firing chamber 67, the hot gas is passed through the opening 99 below the partition plate 91, the smoke path 109, and the openings 85 and 87 of the third shelf 69, and the high-temperature gas is passed through the unglazing chamber 89.
(The upper chamber) (see the two-dot chain line 111 in FIG. 3). With the high-temperature gas guided into the unglazing chamber 89, unglazing of the vessel in the unglazing chamber 89 is performed.

Next, the method of using the multistage kiln of the present invention will be described. First, the opening / closing lid 37 at the top of the kiln body 1 is opened, and the third shelf 69 is removed. And
On the second shelf 63, a vessel to be baked is placed. Thus,
When the target container is placed in the firing room 67 on the second shelf 63, the third shelf 69 is put on the shelf claws 71. further,
On this third shelf 69, a vessel to be unglazed is placed. In addition, this unglazed vessel is provided with openings 85 and 87 of the third shelf 69.
It is placed so as not to block the part.

Thereafter, the lid 37 is closed,
The flame is supplied into the kiln body 1 by the oil burner 5 inserted into the nozzle opening 47. When the oil burner 5 is used, the opening 49 on the side of the kiln body 1 is used.
Is completely closed with a sealing stopper. The flame sent into the first combustion chamber 57 by the oil burner 5 and the high-temperature gas (including smoke) heated by this flame pass through the minute holes 55 of the first shelf 51 and the minute holes 65 of the second shelf 63. Afterwards, this room 6
It rises into 7.

The vessel in the firing chamber 67 is fired by the flame and the hot gas flowing into the firing chamber 67. In addition, the hot gas flowing into the main firing chamber 67 passes through the opening 99 at the lower portion of the partition plate 91 and passes through the flue 1 formed by the partition plate 91.
09 flows into. Furthermore, the third shelf 69 from the flue 109
The hot gas flows into the unglazing chamber 89 through the openings 85 and 87.

By the way, the hot gas heated by the flame of the oil burner 5 is deprived of heat by firing the vessel in the main firing chamber 67. Furthermore, by flowing from the main firing chamber 67 to the unglazed chamber 89 while bypassing the smoke path 109 and the like, heat is taken by the refractory bricks 13 and the like.

As a result, the room temperature in the unglazing chamber 89 is reduced by several hundred degrees as compared with the inside of the main baking chamber 67, and is set to a temperature suitable for unglazing. That is, the hot gas flows from the main firing chamber 67 into the unglazed chamber 89 through the flue 109 formed by the partition plate 91 and the inner wall surface of the first layer 39, thereby lowering the temperature of the hot gas by a predetermined temperature. be able to. As a result, unglazing of the utensil in the unglazing chamber 89 is performed favorably.
This is because when the hot gas passes through the smoke path 109, the heat energy of the gas is taken by the refractory bricks 13 and the partition plates 91 of the first layer 39.

When the main firing of ceramics is performed in the main firing chamber 67, the interior of the main firing chamber 67 is set to about 1230 degrees. This is measured using a thermometer 7 fixedly inserted from the outer wall surface of the kiln body 1 into the firing chamber 67, and the output of the oil burner 5 is adjusted according to the temperature.

Thus, the temperature in the firing chamber 67 becomes 1230.
When the temperature is changed, the unglazed room 89
Temperature is maintained around 700-800 degrees. This is because, as described above, the hot gas in the firing chamber 67
It flows around the opening 99 and the smoke channel 109 of the partition plate 91,
By being guided into the unglazed room 89. In particular, the flue 10
This is because the path length of No. 9, that is, the height of the partition plate 91 (= the height of the firing room 67) is set to about 325 mm.

Further, charcoal (carbon fuel such as charcoal, coke or firewood) is charged into the second combustion chamber 59 of the kiln body 1 and the charcoal or the like is burned, so that the vessel in the firing chamber 67 is filled. It can be fired. In this case, charcoal or the like is charged into the second combustion chamber 59 from the opening 49 on the side of the kiln body 1, and the charcoal or the like is burned. The opening 49 is closed with a sealing stopper as required after the start of charcoal combustion. The soot (ejected body) emitted when the charcoal burns adheres to the surface of the burning matter (porcelain, pottery) and causes a subtle change in color, thereby affecting the burning color.

Further, in a state where the opening 49 is closed with a sealing stopper, the nozzle opening 47 below the opening 49 is provided.
By partially closing, a reducing flame can be created. In other words, if the nozzle opening 47 is opened and sufficient oxygen is supplied for burning the charcoal in the second combustion chamber 59, an oxidizing flame is generated, and a part of the nozzle opening 47 is closed and supplied. If the amount of oxygen provided is reduced, a reducing flame is generated. Thereby, the firing condition of the vessel in the main firing chamber 67 can be changed.

When the baking of the container in the baking room 67 is performed for a predetermined period of time accompanied by the baking in the baking room 89, the combustion by the oil burner 5 and the like is stopped. Further, until the temperature inside the kiln body 1 falls below a predetermined value,
Natural cooling of the entire kiln body 1 is performed. Then, when the temperature inside the kiln body 1 becomes lower than the predetermined temperature, the opening / closing lid 37 is opened, and the unglazed vessel in the unglazed chamber 89 is taken out.
After the container in the unglazed room 89 is removed, the third shelf 69 is removed, and the fully-baked container in the main baking room 67 is removed. In this way, the unglazing and main firing of the utensils in the unglazing chamber 89 and the main firing chamber 67 are completed.

By the way, when the inside of the main firing chamber 67 is heated to about 1230 ° C. and the vessel in the main firing chamber 67 is fired, the surface of the decorative outer wall material 17 of the kiln body 1 is touched by hand. Kept at temperature. This is due to the high heat shielding property of the refractory brick 13 of the first layer 39 and the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 of the second layer 41. As a result, even when the firing operation is performed in the kiln main body 1, the influence of radiant heat such as burning (igniting) an object in the surrounding environment of the kiln main body 1 can be extremely reduced. However, it is necessary to consider high-temperature smoke discharged from the chimney 113.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, instead of the third shelf 69 (dividing means), a large number of minute holes 6
The same shelf plate as the second shelf 63 having 5 may be used. In other words, the partition plate 91 is omitted, and instead of the smoke path 109 formed by the partition plate 91, a large number of minute holes (heat conducting path means) penetrating a new third shelf plate are used to form the baking chamber 67 (downward). The high-temperature gas in the chamber may flow into the unglazing chamber 89 (upper chamber) to perform unglazing.

When the shelf provided with a large number of minute holes is used as the third shelf 69 (dividing means), the number of minute holes and the size of each hole are stored in the second shelf 63 shown in FIG. In comparison, it is necessary to make the hole diameter smaller and smaller. This is because if the diameter of the micro holes or the number of the holes is large, the amount of heat of the high-temperature gas flowing from the main firing chamber 67 into the unglazing chamber 89 may not be sufficiently lost, and as a result, the amount of heat in the unglazing chamber 89 may be reduced. This is because the temperature may not drop to a temperature suitable for unglazing.

Therefore, when the shelf provided with the minute holes is used as the third shelf, the number of the minute holes and the hole diameter are determined by the sum of the hole diameters of the third shelf 69 shown in FIG. One opening 85,
The area must be smaller than 87.

An opening 49 provided on the outer wall surface of the kiln body 1 is provided.
The nozzle opening 47 may be provided with an openable / closable door. However, each door must be made of a material having as low a thermal conductivity as possible or made of a thick iron plate or the like. In addition, the firing room 6
An opening / closing door may be provided on the side wall surface of the kiln body 1 of 7, and the container may be taken in and out with the opening / closing door.

Further, the refractory bricks 13 constituting the first layer 39 and the high-temperature refractory fibers 15 of the second layer 41 also include:
All may be assembled with firebricks or firebricks. In other words, the first layer 39 and the second layer 41 may be configured by stacking fire-resistant bricks or fire-resistant insulation bricks in double. In any case, the first layer 39 and the second layer 41 may be configured so that high thermal energy in the main firing chamber 67 does not propagate to the outer peripheral surface of the kiln body 1, and may have any structure.

Further, the oil burner 5 may be of any type, such as a kerosene burner or a gas burner (heat generating means), as long as it can generate a flame having a predetermined calorific value, and the present invention is not particularly limited. In addition, the flue 10 is configured to be surrounded by the partition plate 91 and the inner wall surface of the kiln body 1, and guides the hot gas from the main firing chamber 67 to the unglazing chamber 89.
9 (= heat conducting means), a cylindrical one having a circular cross section may be provided upright in the firing chamber 67, and the present invention does not particularly limit the outer shape of the heat conducting means. .

Further, a temperature measuring means such as a thermocouple, which is the same as the thermometer 7, is inserted into the unglazing chamber 89 from the outer wall surface of the kiln body 1, and the temperature inside the unglazing chamber 89 is measured by the thermometer. The heating power of the oil burner 5 may be adjusted. In addition, a temperature measuring means similar to the thermometer 7 is inserted into the first combustion chamber 57 or the second combustion chamber 59 from the outer wall surface, and the first combustion chamber 57 or the second combustion chamber 59 is inserted.
The indoor temperature may be measured to adjust the burnup (thermal power) of the fuel such as the oil burner 5 or charcoal.

In the above embodiment, the refractory and heat insulating bricks 33 are stacked on the second layer 41 and the third layer 43 so as to surround the refractory bricks 13. The high temperature refractory fiber 15 and the decorative outer wall material 17 of the 41 and the third layer 43 may be used. That is, the first layer 39
May be configured to cover the entire area around the refractory brick 13 with the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 and the decorative outer wall material 17. Further, the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 may be anchored to the back surface of the decorative outer wall material 17 so that the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 and the decorative outer wall material 17 are integrally formed. Then, the decorative outer wall materials 17 serving as the four wall surfaces surrounding the kiln body 1 can be fixed with the removable stopper.

In addition, each wall of the first layer 39 is stacked with a plurality of refractory bricks 13 to manufacture one wall at a time. Then, a tenon and a tenon are formed in a side portion where the walls of the first layer 39 are in contact with each other, and the first layer 39 is formed by joining the walls of the first layer 39 with the tenon and the tenon. As a result, the kiln body 1 is made up of four walls made of the refractory bricks 13 constituting the first layer 39 and the high-temperature refractory fibers 15 surrounding the first layer 39.
And four outer walls made from the decorative outer wall material 17 lined with.

That is, the walls of the first layer 39 and the four outer walls formed by the decorative outer wall material 17 and the like are divided and created in advance, and are placed on the furnace floor 19 at the place where the kiln body 1 is installed. By assembling the first layer 39 and the outer wall of the decorative outer wall material 17, the kiln body 1 is quickly constructed. This allows
The installation time of the kiln body 1 is shortened and the operation is simplified.
However, the four walls of the first layer 39 are joined to a tenon and a tenon, and the same fire-resistant mortar as in the above embodiment is used to fill the gap. In other words, the kiln for the multi-stage ceramic industry of the present invention is composed of four wall portions, and by assembling each wall at the installation location, a simple relocation type kiln that can be relatively easily moved and installed can be obtained.

In the above embodiment, the entire kiln has a box-shaped rectangular shape. However, the kiln may have a cylindrical shape such as a drum can, and the present invention is not particularly limited in its outer shape. Moreover, the kiln body 1 is not a two-stage configuration of the main firing chamber 67 and the unglazed chamber 89.
The interior may be vertically divided into a plurality of spaces (three or more), or the firing room 67 and the unglazing room 89 may be arranged diagonally up and down. In particular, the freshly prepared vessel may be dried in a low room temperature space provided above the unglazed chamber 89.

Further, of the refractory brick 13 of the first layer, the high-temperature refractory fiber 15 of the second layer, and the decorative outer wall material 17 of the third layer, between the first and second layers or between the second and third layers. An air layer may be formed between the first and second layers via a spacer. This air layer has a heat insulating effect and can prevent high heat from being transmitted to the outside of the kiln.

The oil burner 5 may be installed in the second combustion chamber 59. In this case, the oil burner 5 is inserted through the opening 49, and air (oxygen) is taken in through the nozzle opening 47. Then, the second shelf 63 may be omitted. As a result, the flame of the combustion directly enters the firing chamber 67 and is efficiently burned. Furthermore, the firing room 67
The height may be lower and flat. Thereby, the flame of the combustion spreads over the whole baked goods room 67,
Uniform final firing is achieved.

The multistage kiln of the present invention can also be used as a garbage incinerator. In this case, the third shelf 69 is omitted,
The main firing chamber 67 and the unglazed chamber 89 are integrated. Further, the unglazing room 89 may be used as a garbage incinerator, and the ceramics may be burned in the main baking room 67. The unglazed room 89 may be provided diagonally above, not directly above the main firing room 67. Also in this case, the heat of the main firing chamber 67 is sent to the unglazing chamber.

[0062]

As described in detail above, in the kiln for a multi-stage ceramics industry according to the present invention, a small kiln for the ceramic industry is divided into upper and lower chambers, namely a main firing chamber and a unglazing chamber. Moreover, the two chambers are connected by a heat conducting path means, and the high temperature gas filled in the lower chamber is led to the upper chamber through the heat conducting path means, so that the temperature of the high temperature gas can be lowered by a predetermined amount. it can. As a result, the temperature of the upper unglazed room can be reduced to a temperature suitable for the unglazed, although the temperature of the main grilled room is maintained at a sufficiently high temperature. In other words, main firing and unglazing can be performed simultaneously in one operation. As a result, efficient use of fuel can be achieved, which can contribute to energy saving. In addition, since the traditional firing and unglazing are performed in a single operation, it is possible to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted, resulting in a multi-stage kiln with less environmental pollution. .

Moreover, the wall of the kiln for the multistage kiln according to the present invention
Because it has a three-layer structure consisting of refractory bricks and high-temperature refractory fibers and decorative outer walls, the kiln interior has a high heat-shielding multi-stage kiln that has a sufficiently low temperature, despite the high temperature. can do. Therefore, even if the kiln for multi-stage ceramics of the present invention is installed in a relatively narrow place such as a veranda of a high-rise house or the like, there is no need to worry about radiant heat applied to the surroundings.

Further, by manufacturing each wall surface as one block and integrally manufacturing the second layer and the third layer as one wall surface, a kiln for a multi-stage ceramic industry which can be relatively easily transferred and installed can be obtained. can do.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing the appearance of a multi-stage kiln according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the appearance of a kiln for a multi-stage ceramic industry according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a vertical cross section of the kiln for a multi-stage ceramic industry according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a state of a horizontal section of a kiln for a multi-stage ceramic industry according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a manner of stacking the refractory bricks 13 of the first layer 39.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state of a first shelf 51.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a state of a second shelf 63;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state of a third shelf 69.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a state of a partition plate 91;

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a structure inside a kiln for a multi-stage ceramic industry according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... kiln body, 3 ... fuel tank, 5 ... oil burner, 7 ...
Thermometer, 9 ... height, 11 ... side wall, 13 ... refractory brick, 15
... High-temperature refractory fiber, 17 ... Decorative outer wall material, 19 ... Heart floor, 21
... washer, 23 ... screw, 25 ... step, 27 ... short side, 29 ... long side, 31 ... immediately above, 33 ... fire-resistant and insulating brick, 35 ... top lid, 37 ... opening and closing lid, 39 ... handle, 39 ... first Layers, 41 ...
Second layer, 43 ... Third layer, 45 ... Injection nozzle, 47 ... Nozzle opening, 49 ... Opening, 51 ... First shelf, 53 ... Shelf claw, 55 ... Micro hole, 57 ... First combustion chamber, 59: second combustion chamber, 61: shelf claw, 63: second shelf, 65: minute hole, 67 ...
Baking room, 69 ... third shelf, 71 ... shelf claws, 73, 75, 7
7, 79 ... vertex, 81, 83 ... side, 85, 87 ... opening, 89 ... unglazed room, 91 ... partition plate, 93, 95 ... two-dot chain line, 97 ... bottom part, 99 ... opening, 101 ... top side ,
103, 105, 111: two-dot chain line, 107: side, 1
09 ... chimney, 113 ... chimney.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A dividing means which divides a furnace chamber above a combustion chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and is provided at a predetermined height from a bottom surface of the lower chamber; and is provided substantially below the lower chamber. A heat generating means for generating heat for combustion and supplying the generated heat to the lower chamber; and a standing means provided substantially below the dividing means for guiding the gas, which has been deprived of heat by combustion in the lower chamber, to the upper chamber. A multi-stage kiln for kilns, comprising: heat conducting means. 2. A kiln with a wall comprising a first layer of fire-resistant bricks or heat-insulating bricks, a second layer of high-temperature fire-resistant fibers or fire-resistant heat-insulating bricks, and a third layer of decorative material. An air layer is formed between the first layer and the second layer or between the second layer and the third layer via a spacer, and the air layer has a heat insulating effect. The kiln for a multi-stage ceramic industry according to claim 1, wherein: 3. The peripheral wall of the first layer is assembled by joining the partial wall surfaces on which the refractory bricks have been previously constructed, and the third layer in which the high-temperature refractory fiber is fixed to the back surface is divided into partial wall surfaces. 3. The kiln according to claim 1, wherein the partial wall of the third layer surrounds the first layer. 4. The upper chamber is an unglazed chamber, the lower chamber is a main firing chamber, and includes a temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the upper chamber, the lower chamber, or the heat generating means. A lower temperature than the temperature of the lower chamber, and a heat discharging means for discharging a gas deprived of heat by the combustion in the upper chamber above the upper chamber, wherein the heat conducting path means has openings only in upper and lower portions. A tube or a minute hole drilled in the surface of the dividing means,
The amount of heat sent from the lower chamber to the upper chamber is controlled by the area or size of the minute holes, and the heat generating means is provided in two stages, upper and lower, and heat generating means for burning gas or oil is provided in the lower stage. 4. A multi-stage kiln according to claim 1, wherein the upper stage is provided with a heat generating means for burning a charcoal fire or the like which emits an ejected body such as soot, and the soot changes the surface of the combustion material. .