JP2007024374A - Wood-fired kiln for ceramic art - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a movable wood-fired kiln for ceramic art wherein in-kiln modification being a characteristic of a wood-fired kiln can be expected when firing ceramics in a kiln using wood as fuel, firing can be carried out in a short time with only small generated amounts of smoke and soot, a large space is not needed, and a degree of freedom in selection of an installation place is high. <P>SOLUTION: A wood-fired kiln body, a chimney 5, and a kiln 14 are all constructed by refractory bricks, outer faces are covered by red bricks, combustion efficiency is improved, forced ventilation by a blower 20 is carried out, a ceramic filter 6 is installed in the chimney to promote complete combustion of smoke and soot, and a smoke and soot scattering preventing device 4 is installed in a tip to prevent scattering of smoke and soot. The wood-fired kiln for ceramic art is composed by embedding eye bolts 3 for transportation in a concrete foundation 2, and carrying out laying thereon in an order of the red bricks and the refractory bricks. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for constructing a kiln used for producing ceramics and a method for firing ceramics using a kiln.

  In the firing equipment used for the production of ceramics, there are an anagama and a climbing kiln that have been traditionally used since ancient times. The hole kiln has a structure in which a single firing chamber is connected, and the climbing kiln has a structure in which a plurality of firing chambers are connected to each other via a flame opening (fired opening), both of which are constructed using natural or sloped ground.

  Anagama and climbing kilns are the characteristics of firewood kilns, the difference in the type of combustion gas and gas pressure, and the difference in the texture of unexpected ceramics produced by the ash produced by burning firewood on the surface of the fired product (kiln Because it can be expected, it is highly needed among potters.

  However, because natural combustion is performed by using natural fork or sloped slope, the air supply is insufficient and the smoke does not burn completely and the amount of smoke emitted increases, and there is a built-in kiln that uses all refractory bricks. It is difficult and the combustion efficiency also deteriorates, so that it takes a long time to raise the temperature of the kiln.

  In addition, there were problems with the use of sloping land and severe smoke emissions and severe restrictions on installation locations.

  As a kiln that uses a heat source other than firewood, it is common to use electric power, gas, kerosene, etc. In these kilns, the structure of the kiln is simplified in terms of the shape and scale of the heater and burner that serve as the heat source. Because of this, small kilns that use refractory bricks are in practical use. These kilns are suitable for mass production of products of the same quality due to the good controllability of the heat source (thermal power control), but they have the so-called pottery taste due to the so-called kiln change as seen in the kiln. I can't be satisfied.

  In a kiln using firewood as a fuel, there were many problems in terms of firewood inlet, arrangement of combustion chamber and firing chamber, combustion efficiency, amount of smoke discharged, space utilization, etc., and small firewood bricks made of refractory bricks were difficult .

  In Patent Document 1, as a small kiln using soot as a fuel, the upper part of the kiln is configured as a combustion chamber and the lower part as a firing chamber, the front of the combustion chamber is pierced, and the combustion chamber and the firing chamber are partitioned by a rooster. The firewood kiln has been introduced, which is connected from the lower part of the chimney to the smoke outlet of the chimney and provided with an adjustment plate made of refractory material that adjusts the amount of smoke discharged at the horizontal connection part of the chimney.

  In this case, the installation space can be used effectively by providing a combustion chamber in the upper part of the kiln, but because of the natural ventilation from the fired mouth, the cold outside air flows directly into the firing chamber as well as the combustion chamber. Complete combustion is difficult, and it takes time to raise the temperature of the firing chamber.

  In Patent Document 1, the chimney has an auxiliary throat for accelerating the flow of smoke, and the structure is complicated and the workability is poor. There is no device for soot recombustion or smoke prevention, so it is not possible to prevent the soot from being scattered, and no consideration is given to the mobility of the kiln.

Patent Document 2 describes a pottery kiln that can use industrial waste mainly made of wood as fuel. The patent document 2 aims to use industrial waste mainly made of wood as fuel for climbing kilns well known as pottery kilns. It has a screw conveyor that supplies fuel to the fuel supply port, secondary and tertiary combustion chambers each having a burner, and an ejector blower for forced exhaust of the chimney. The temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is 800 ° C. from the start of combustion. As described above, the climbing kiln adopts the combustion method for stopping the burners of the secondary and tertiary combustion chambers, and is not an object of the small, high-efficiency, movable firewood kiln which is a problem of the present invention.
JP 2004-245433 A JP 2003-2732 A

  The challenge is to realize a firewood kiln that is characteristic of the firewood kiln, that can be fired in a short time with a small amount of smoke generation, and that is small, movable, and has a high degree of freedom in selecting the installation location.

  Since the amount of smoke generated is small and it can be moved, it can be moved, so the restriction on the installation location is solved, and it can be installed in urban areas and residential areas, so it can greatly contribute to the development of the pottery industry. The fact that it is compact and mobile allows assembly at the factory, which can improve work efficiency and standardization, leading to a reduction in production costs. In addition, even if a problem arises in terms of location, it can be moved to another place relatively easily.

  In claim 1, the red brick kiln bottom 25 is laid on the concrete base 2 in which the eyebolts 3 are embedded, and the refractory bricks 26, 27, and 28 are laid thereon, and the kiln body and all the inner walls of the chimney 5 are refractory bricks. All the outer surfaces except the kiln body arch 30, the kiln door 14, the kiln door refractory brick arch frame 16 and the kiln door refractory brick frame 17 are covered with red brick 29, and the firing chamber 36 is provided at the center of the kiln body. The combustion chambers 31 are arranged on both the left and right sides, and the soot inlets 11 are arranged on the left and right outer sides of the kiln door refractory brick frame 17 of the combustion chamber 31, respectively. It describes a pottery kiln for forced air blowing to the combustion chamber 31.

  As a result, it is transportable, has a high heat insulation effect, has a good combustion efficiency because of forced air blowing, and air is forcibly supplied from the air blowing passage 13 at the bottom of the combustion chamber 31 on both sides of the kiln toward the rooster. In addition, a combustion gas flow 39 is generated along the side walls 42 of both combustion chambers 31 and collides toward the kiln ceiling 8, realizing an efficient flame-extinguishing type kiln moving downward from the center of the kiln ceiling 8. it can.

  In claim 2, a corrugated deck plate 23 is laid in a rectangular space in which a concrete base 2 to be constructed is assembled with H-shaped steel 24, and a reinforcing bar or wire mesh 22 is placed thereon, and concrete 21 is poured from above. The pottery kiln for ceramics according to claim 1, which is flat-finished. This achieved the required strength and light weight at the same time, and realized mobility.

  According to claim 3, the air blower passage 13 for forcibly blowing air is laid on the bottom of the kiln of the combustion chamber 31 and the combustion chamber 31 separated from the firing chamber 36 by the partition wall 33 in which several refractory bricks are stacked on both the left and right sides of the firing chamber 36. The pottery kiln for ceramics according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a groove is formed in the front and rear left and right direction of the kiln in the fire brick and the rooster is formed in the groove by using the air-conditioning half-fire brick 41. .

  This generates a high-temperature gas flow 39 along the side wall 42 of the combustion chamber 31 and at the same time assists complete combustion, facilitating combustion control by the air adjustment hole 19.

  The fourth aspect of the present invention describes the ceramic kiln according to the first to third aspects, wherein smoke is discharged through the ceramic filter 6 having a reburning function in the chimney 5 and the smoke scattering prevention device 4 at the tip of the chimney.

  As a result, the soot is reburned and the soot is prevented from being scattered. In addition, the amount of intake air is controlled by the stack amount adjusting plate 7 of the chimney to facilitate control of the oxidation and reduction modes in the firing chamber 35.

  In claim 5, the combustion chambers 31 are disposed on both the left and right sides of the firing chamber 36, and the air flow rate is adjusted by the air blower passage 13 provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber kiln and the air adjustment hole 19 on the side surface of the kiln body communicating with the air blower passage 13. 5. The exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas is led to an exhaust smoke collecting port 34 at a lower part of the back of the kiln through an exhaust port 38 provided in the firing chamber kiln floor 37 and a flue passage 35 provided below the firing chamber kiln floor 37. Describes a pottery for pottery. As a result, it is possible to achieve a uniform temperature in the firing chamber 36 necessary for increasing the combustion efficiency and stabilization of the flue gas. Sintering holes 18 are provided on both sides of the kiln body to check the situation inside the kiln.

  FIG. 17 is a firing curve based on actual measurement data showing the relationship between the firing time in the wood kiln of the present invention and the temperature in the kiln. In general, it is said that the temperature before the kiln is low and the temperature of the kiln sky 8 is high in the flame-down type kiln. In the wood kiln of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 17, there is almost no temperature difference between before the kiln and the kiln sky at a temperature of about 1100 ° C. for about 14 hours after the firing.

  Table 1 shows the evaluation data of the results of placing and firing the test body in the back, middle, and front on the middle shelf plate of the firing chamber 36 in order to compare and examine the firing properties of the wood kiln and the LPG kiln according to the present invention.

  From these results, it can be seen that the pottery kiln for ceramics according to the present invention is superior in performance compared to the conventional LPG kiln.

  In the main body of the kiln, combustion chambers 31 having the soot inlet 11 are on both the left and right sides of the main body of the kiln, and the gas pressure in the kiln is increased by forcibly ventilating the lower side of the combustion chamber 31 through the air blower passage 13. Therefore, compared with the fact that the sinterability of the ceramics and the firing time of the normal hole kiln and climbing kiln are increased to 1230 ° C. and it takes 4 to 5 days to finish the firing, the firing time can be significantly reduced. From these facts, it can be said that the performance and efficiency of the pottery kiln for ceramics of the present invention were proved.

  In the following, an embodiment based on the present invention will be described with respect to a pottery kiln having a ceramic volume of 1 ?.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a movable wood kiln according to claim 1. 3 and 4 show the structure of the H-steel (SS400) 24, the corrugated deck plate 23 made of iron plate, and the concrete base 2 containing the reinforcing bar or wire mesh 22. FIG.

  The deck plate 23 uses a 1.2 mm corrugated iron plate to reduce the amount of concrete, ensuring the required strength of the base and reducing the weight at the same time, making it easy to transport.

  The basic specification in the embodiment of the stationary type kiln is performed according to the following. A rough aggregate and sand are laid down on the surface that is about 2 cm deep and rolled to make a foundation. A plurality of rectangles as shown in FIG. 4 are formed by using steel H-section steel (SS400) 24 having a length of 303 mm and 414 mm thereon, and a corrugated deck plate 23 is laid in the rectangular space, and a reinforcing bar is provided thereon. In addition, the concrete is poured by placing the wire mesh 22 and the surface is finished to promote hardening. After about 1 hour, when the concrete has hardened a little, the transportation eyebolts 3 are embedded in 4 places and cured for 2 weeks.

  Next, a method for building a kiln will be described. The above-mentioned reinforcing bar is covered with a red brick having a width of 10 mm * height of 6 mm * length of 21 mm on a concrete base 2 containing a wire mesh 22 and fixed with Portland cement to form a kiln bottom 25 having a front width of 190 mm * depth of 187 mm.

  The kiln bottom 25 is finished horizontally using a yarn tension and a level.

  A firebrick with a width of 11 mm, a height of 6 mm, and a length of 23 mm is fixed from the periphery of the red brick kiln bottom 25 using fireproof mortar to form combustion chamber kiln floors 26, 27, and 28. Red bricks are stacked.

  Two air blowers 13 are constructed on the firebrick brick floor 26 using the firebrick 27 from the front to the back of the kiln. Similarly, three airs leading to the air blower 13 in the left and right sides of the kiln body. The adjustment hole 19 is disposed.

  A refractory brick wall 33 is provided on both inner sides of the two air blow passages 13, and a space between the inner wall 42 of the kiln is defined as a combustion chamber 31. The air blower passage 13 of the combustion chamber 31 can adjust the amount of air by installing a rooster using a half brick 41 made of refractory bricks.

  There are two exhaust flues 35 in the lower part of the firing chamber 36 and are collected in the exhaust smoke collection port 34. The firing chamber kiln floor 37 has an exhaust port 38 for guiding ash and exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 31 to the exhaust flue 35.

  The kiln sky 8 is important in the flame-extinguishing type kiln. In the case of the 1 cubic meter scale wood kiln of the present embodiment, after the combustion chamber 31 and the firing chamber 36 are constructed, the side walls 42 of the combustion chambers 31 on both sides are piled up to a height of 90 mm to form a contact point at both heights. In this way, a veneer plate having a radius of 72 mm is framed in an arc shape, and a refractory brick is assembled thereon and fixed with a refractory mortar.

  After constructing the kiln 8, the kiln door refractory brick frame 17 is constructed. The kiln door refractory brick frame arch portion 16 is constructed in the manner of the kiln sky 8.

On the front of the kiln, a lid that can freely open and close the soot inlet 11 toward the soot combustion chamber 31 is mounted.
A burning hole 18 is provided on both sides of the main body of the kiln, and a hole lid that can observe the firing condition of the ceramic is installed.
The kiln door 14 of the firing chamber 36 has a structure that can be sealed by combining refractory bricks having different shapes. A color viewing hole 15 for observing the fired product is installed in the middle stage of the kiln door 14, and a temperature measuring hole 12 by a temperature sensor is installed in the lower stage.

  The gas from the soot combustion chamber 31 is discharged from the chimney 5. The chimney 5 is equipped with an exhaust gas adjusting plate 7, a ceramic filter 6 having a reburning function, and a smoke scattering prevention device 4 at the tip of the chimney.

  12 and 13 show the smoke scattering prevention device 4. The ceramic filter 6 is made of a refractory ceramic plate having a large number of smoke exhaust vents 50 and having a width of 19 mm * length of 26 mm * thickness of 2 mm. The soot scattering prevention device 4 has a structure in which a stainless steel soot scattering prevention device bottom net 44 is stretched on the bottom and a stainless steel scattering prevention device peripheral wall 43 is attached to the periphery.

  After the stuffing of the kiln, the kiln door 14 is stacked with fire bricks and sealed. The color viewing hole 15 and the temperature measuring hole 12 are made of refractory brick so that they can be opened and closed.

  As the kiln fuel, solid fuels such as coal, coke, and anthracite can be used instead of soot.

  FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of the firing gas flow in the wood kiln according to the present invention. The soot thrown into the combustion chamber 31 is combusted by the air sufficiently supplied by the air blower 20. The combustion gas rises along the side wall 42 of the combustion chamber 31, falls on the kiln 8, and forms a so-called flame-extinguishing type kiln that fires the ceramics in the firing chamber 36.

After reaching a predetermined target temperature (for example, 1250 ° C.), the ceramic is baked and matured by maintaining the same temperature for about 30 minutes. After firing and maturation, all the openings such as the jar inlet 11, the air adjusting plate 7, the burning hole 18, the air adjusting hole 19, the color adjusting hole 15, the temperature measuring holes 9, 12 and the furnace pressure adjusting hole 10 are closed and naturally closed. Allow to cool, and after cooling, place the product in the kiln.

Perspective view of the pottery kiln for ceramics of the present invention Frontal explanatory diagram of the pottery kiln for ceramics of the present invention Concrete foundation composition explanatory drawing Concrete base H-shaped steel frame diagram Front kiln body explanatory drawing Kiln main body plane explanatory drawing (B-B 'cut surface) Illustration of the back of the kiln body Kiln body plan view (A-A 'cut surface) Kiln main body plane explanatory drawing (C-C 'cut surface) Kiln body plan view (D-D 'cut surface) Cross section of kiln body (E-E 'cut surface) Smoke scattering prevention device illustration Smoke scattering prevention device explanatory drawing (plan view) Ceramic filter illustration Ceramic filter side view Firing gas flow diagram for wood kiln Firing curve (measured data)

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ceramic firewood kiln 2 Concrete base 3 Moving eyebolt 4 Smoke scattering prevention device 5 Chimney 6 Reburning ceramic filter 7 Exhaust gas amount adjustment plate 8 Kiln sky 9 Kiln sky temperature measurement hole 10 Kiln internal pressure adjustment hole 11 Firewood inlet 12 Temperature measurement hole 13 in front of the kiln 13 Air blowway 14 Kiln door 15 Color viewing hole 16 Kiln door refractory brick arch frame 17 Kiln door refractory brick frame 18 Baking hole 19 Air adjustment hole 20 Air blower 21 Concrete 22 Reinforcing steel or wire mesh 23 Corrugated deck plate 24 H-shaped steel 25 Red brick kiln bottom 26 Refractory brick 27 Refractory brick 28 Refractory brick kiln floor 29 Red brick exterior part 30 Kiln body arch part 31 Combustion chamber 32 Combustion chamber kiln floor 33 Combustion chamber / firing chamber partition wall 34 Exhaust Smoke vent 35 Exhaust flue 36 Firing chamber 37 Firing chamber kiln floor 38 Exhaust vent 39 Firing gas flow 40 Combustion chamber air vent 41 Semi-refractory brick 42 Kiln inner wall 4 Prevention soot shatterproof device wall 44 soot scattering prevention device bottom grid 45 soot scattering prevention device fixing frame 46 soot scattering prevention device coupling screw holes 47 soot scattering prevention device coupling portion 48 smoke scattering prevention umbrella 49 smoke scattered umbrella struts 50 flue gas vent

Claims (5)

  A red brick is laid on a concrete base with a moving eyebolt buried in it, a refractory brick is laid on top of it, and the bottom of the kiln is made up. All the outer surfaces except the refractory brick frame are covered with red brick, and there are firewood inlets on both the left and right sides of the front door. Combustion chambers are constructed on both the left and right sides of the kiln body, and the center of the kiln is a firing chamber. A pottery kiln for pottery that forcibly blows the necessary air from the left and right sides of the back of the kiln into the combustion chamber.   For the concrete base, a corrugated deck plate is laid in a rectangular space combined with H-shaped steel, and a reinforcing bar or wire mesh is placed on top of it. The pottery kiln for ceramic art according to claim 1.   Combustion chamber separated from the kiln center firing chamber by partition walls with several layers of refractory bricks on the left and right sides of the main body of the kiln, and a groove in the front and rear left and right direction of the combustion chamber kiln bottom. 3. A rooster is installed in the refractory brick to adjust the size of the air hole, and at the same time, the side surface of the kiln body has an air adjusting hole for adjusting air necessary for combustion. Pottery kiln for pottery.   The ceramic kiln according to claim 1, wherein smoke is discharged through a ceramic filter having a reburning function in the chimney and a smoke scattering prevention device at the tip of the chimney. Combustion chambers are arranged on both the left and right sides of the firing chamber in the center of the kiln, and the amount of air flow can be adjusted with the roster of the forced air passage for combustion provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber and the air adjustment holes on the side of the kiln body. The wood-fired kiln for ceramics according to claims 1 to 4, which is led to a smoke collecting port at the lower rear of the kiln through a flue path provided under a refractory brick laid on the bottom of the firing chamber kiln through a smoke exhaust port disposed in the furnace.

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