JP2001039787A - Composting device and method for composting organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain compost at a low cost by utilizing indigenous microorganisms by providing the subject device with an agitating device provided with an agitating tank and agitating vanes and a pressure reduction device for reducing the pressure in the agitating tank. SOLUTION: Garbage is fed from through-pipes 11, 12 and 13 into the agitating tank 10 and is properly inoculated with the indigenous microorganisms. The privately made microorganisms formed by culturing the microorganisms living on the soil of fields, or the like, are usable. The inside of the agitating tank 10 is heated by the steam passing a steam passage 20. The garbage is stirred by driving a motor, thereby rotating stirring vanes 17. As a result, the garbage and the indigenous microorganisms are mixed and the heat generation of the garbage is initiated. At this time, the pressure in the agitating tank 10 is reduced by a vacuum pump. The pressure reduction is so executed that the boiling point of the water existing in the agitating tank 10 attains about 60 deg.C. The fermentation of the garbage progresses and the temperature is raised by the heat of fermentation until about 60 deg.C is attained but the temperature in the agitating tank 10 does not rise any more while the water exists therein. The inside of the agitating tank is thus maintained at which the microorganism can act.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a composting apparatus and a method for composting organic waste. More specifically, by preventing fermentation heat of microorganisms from accumulating inside the device, the temperature does not become high, so that indigenous microorganisms that are not particularly expensive to obtain can be used, and compost can be manufactured inexpensively. The present invention relates to a composting apparatus which can be manufactured and can improve durability, and a method for composting organic waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Many organic waste composting apparatuses using microorganisms have been proposed. Such a conventional composting device is configured to put organic waste such as shochu pomace and garbage into a tank, inoculate an appropriate amount of microorganisms, stir the mixture with a stirrer, and evaporate water by fermentation heat. Is discharged to the outside of the tank while composting. Commercially available microorganisms such as actinomycetes and thermophiles are used in this composting device, and the temperature inside the device during fermentation may reach several hundred degrees centigrade due to accumulation of fermentation heat of the microorganism.

[0003]

However, a composting apparatus using the above-mentioned microorganism has the following problems. That is, the composting device has increased heat resistance because the temperature inside the device reaches several hundred degrees centigrade due to heat of fermentation by microorganisms, but the device becomes expensive.
Further, even if the heat resistance is enhanced, it is undeniable that there is a problem in durability due to severe damage when used for a long time.

[0004] In addition, microorganisms used in conventional composting devices are relatively expensive, and the economic burden is large if they are purchased continuously. By the way, microorganisms called indigenous microorganisms that inhabit general soil are also dead bodies of organisms in nature,
It decomposes organic matter such as plants and composts. If the indigenous microorganisms can be used in a composting device, it is not necessary to purchase the microorganisms separately, so that compost can be produced at low cost. However, although the indigenous microorganisms are active up to about 60 ° C., they become dormant when the temperature becomes higher than that, and die at about 100 ° C. Therefore, for example, when this indigenous microorganism is used in a conventional composting device, if the temperature inside the device becomes high due to the heat of fermentation, it will die and fermentation and composting will not be possible.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, so that even if the heat of fermentation of microorganisms accumulates inside the apparatus, the temperature does not become high, so that indigenous microorganisms, which are not particularly expensive to obtain, can be used. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composting apparatus and a method for composting organic waste, which can be manufactured at low cost. Also, by preventing the device from becoming hot, it is not necessary to use expensive materials that can withstand high temperatures as in conventional devices, so that the device can be manufactured at low cost and durability can be improved. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composting apparatus and a method for composting organic waste.

[0006]

Means of the present invention taken to achieve the above object are as follows. According to the first invention, there is provided a composting device for composting organic waste, comprising: a stirring device having a stirring tank and stirring blades; and a decompression device for decompressing the inside of the stirring tank. A composting device characterized in that:

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composting device for composting organic waste, comprising: a stirring device having a stirring tank and stirring blades; and a heating device for heating the inside of the stirring tank. And a liquefaction device for liquefying vapor contained in the air in the tank sucked by the decompression device.

[0008] In a third aspect of the present invention, the stirring blade of the stirring device is provided with a heating means.
The present invention relates to a composting device according to the invention.

[0009] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for composting organic waste, wherein the temperature in which indigenous microorganisms can be activated is maintained by reducing the boiling point by reducing the pressure inside the stirring tank. A method for composting organic waste, comprising fermenting organic waste by indigenous microorganisms inside the plant and composting the same.

(Operation) In the composting apparatus of the present invention, first,
An appropriate amount of organic waste such as garbage is put into the stirring tank,
This is inoculated with an appropriate amount of indigenous microorganisms. The temperature inside the stirring tank is set by a heating device to a temperature at which indigenous microorganisms can be activated (generally, 70 ° C. is an upper limit).

The mixture of the organic waste and the indigenous microorganisms in the stirring tank is stirred by the stirring blade in the tank, and the fermentation of the organic waste is started by the activity of the indigenous microorganisms. The pressure inside the stirring tank is reduced by a pressure reducing device. Note that this pressure reduction is such that the boiling point of water contained in the organic waste in the tank is 6 ° C.
It is performed so that the temperature becomes about 0 ° C.

The fermentation of the organic waste in the stirring tank progresses, and the temperature rises due to the heat of the fermentation. When the temperature reaches a boiling point of 60 ° C., the substance boils and starts to evaporate. In addition, the heat of fermentation is sequentially changed to heat of vaporization at the boiling point, and is hardly accumulated while water is present in the stirring tank. Therefore, the temperature inside the stirring tank does not rise to 60 ° C. or higher, which is the boiling point. Therefore, the temperature in the stirring tank is maintained at a temperature at which indigenous microorganisms can be activated. And the water contained in the organic waste during fermentation becomes steam,
This vapor is discharged directly to the outside of the tank by suction of the air in the tank by the decompression device, or liquefied by the liquefaction device and discharged together with the air. The drainage of water promotes the fermentation of organic waste, and composts in a short time.

As described above, by reducing the pressure inside the stirring tank, the boiling point of the water inside can be lowered, and the accumulated fermentation heat is converted to heat of vaporization at a temperature of about 60 ° C.
The temperature in the tank is maintained at a temperature of about 60 ° C. at which indigenous microorganisms can act. Therefore, it is possible to use indigenous microorganisms that operate at a relatively low temperature and die at a high temperature in a composting device, and to produce inexpensive compost by using indigenous microorganisms that are inexpensive to obtain. Can be.

In addition, since the temperature of the stirring tank does not become high, deterioration of each part such as the stirring tank due to heat hardly occurs, and the durability is improved. Further, since it is not necessary to use an expensive heat-resistant material, the manufacturing cost of the apparatus can be reduced.

When the stirring blade of the stirring device is provided with a heating means, more effective and quick heating is possible when heating the inside of the stirring tank.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the composting device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the composting device shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a right side view of the composting device shown in FIG.
4 is an explanatory view of a main part in which a part of the structure of a stirring tank and a stirring blade is shown, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a combination of inclinations of feed surfaces of the stirring blade, and FIG. 6 is a sealing device provided at an outlet. (A) is a side view and (b) is a plan view.

Reference numeral M denotes a composting device, which is mounted on a pedestal 9 formed of an H class. The composting device M includes a stirring device 1, a heating device 2, and a vacuum pump 3 as a decompression device.
And a liquefaction device 4. The stirring device 1 includes a cylindrical stirring tank 10 whose both ends are closed. Stirring tank 1
0 is fixed horizontally. A steam passage 20 (see FIG. 4) constituting the heating device 2 is formed on an outer peripheral portion of the stirring tank 10. The steam passage 20 is provided so as to spiral around the outer periphery of the stirring tank 10.
An inlet connection pipe 21 and a discharge connection pipe 22 are provided at the front and rear ends of the steam passage 20 corresponding to the upper part of the pipe. In addition, drains 23 are provided at four places on the bottom side of the stirring tank 10 in the steam passage 20.

In the upper part of the stirring tank 10, there are provided pipes 11, 12, 13 penetrating through the steam passage 20 and communicating with the inside of the stirring tank 10.
Are juxtaposed in three places. The passage on the left side in FIG. 1 serves as a connecting portion connected to the liquefaction apparatus 4 as described later. In addition, the right communication pipe 13 is provided with a lid 130 having a hopper function, and serves as an input section for organic waste. The central pipe 12 is a spare for coping with a design change, and is usually closed by a lid 120.

At both ends of the stirring tank 10, the circular end plates 14, 15 are provided as described above. End plates 14, 1
5 are provided with bearing devices 140 and 150 in the center. Each of the bearing devices 140 and 150 has a tubular rotary shaft 16 that extends through the end plates 14 and 15. An inlet connection pipe 160 and a discharge connection pipe 161 are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft 16. A driven sprocket 162 is provided on the left side of the rotary shaft 16 in FIG.

The rotating shaft 16 is provided with stirring blades 17 at five locations at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction. Stirring blade 17
Is provided with a vent pipe 170 slightly shorter than the inner diameter of the stirring tank 10. Each of the ventilation pipes 170 is attached so as to penetrate through the rotary shaft 16, and has a hollow body 1 at one end thereof.
71 are provided. The inside of the ventilation pipe 170 is communicated with the inside of the rotating shaft 16 so as to be able to ventilate, and the inside of the blade body 171 is similarly communicated with the inside of the ventilation pipe 170 so as to be able to ventilate.

Referring to FIG. 5, (in FIG. 5, for convenience of explanation, the blades 17 which are actually located at different positions in the circumferential direction are referred to.
1 is on the same straight line). The blades 171 have a triangular cross-section and a parallelogram, and are alternately arranged except for the parallelogram-shaped blades 171 at one end. That is, the upper feed surface 172 in FIG. 5 is parallel, and the lower feed surface 173 is zigzag. When the rotating shaft 16 rotates in the direction A, the organic waste is sent in the direction a. When the rotating shaft 16 rotates in the direction B, the organic waste does not move in a fixed direction. Accordingly, the rotation of the rotating shaft 16 in the direction A sends the organic waste to the discharge side, and the rotating shaft 16 is rotated in the direction B to stir the organic waste. can do.

Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B. Stirring tank 1
In the lower part of the right end plate 14 in FIG. 1 of FIG. 0, there is provided a circular take-out port 18 for taking out the compost made in the tank. A sealing device 19 is provided outside the outlet 18. The sealing device 19 is provided with a sealing lid 190 corresponding to the edge of the outlet 18 for sealing the outlet. The sealing lid 190 is provided with a transition body 192 that advances and retreats along a guide 191.
It is attached to. The transition body 192 is adapted to turn a screw rod 194 provided with a handle 193 to advance and retreat. The hermetic lid 190 is closed when the inside of the stirring tank 10 is depressurized in order to ferment the organic waste, and is opened when discharging the produced compost.

A liquefaction device 4 is fixed to the upper part of the stirring tank 10 so as to be inclined such that the discharge side (right side in FIG. 1) is slightly lower. The liquefaction apparatus 4 has a known structure in which a large number of pipes are arranged in parallel inside a cylindrical body whose both ends are closed, and cooling water is circulated through gaps between the pipes. Things. A connecting pipe 110 led out from the communicating pipe 11 of the stirring tank 10 is connected near one end of the liquefaction apparatus 4 and communicates with an internal pipe. The discharge pipe 41 connected to the liquefaction apparatus 4 is
Is connected to the suction side of the vacuum pump 3 provided in parallel with the stirring tank 10.

A steam generator 24 (see FIG. 2) constituting the heating device 2 is disposed above the stirring tank 10.
The steam generator 24 and the introduction connection pipe 21 are connected by a connection pipe 25. Further, the discharge connection pipe 22 and the introduction connection pipe 160 of the rotary shaft 16 are connected by a connection pipe 26. Further, a discharge pipe 27 is connected to the discharge connection pipe 161, and the discharge pipe 27 is extended below the stirring tank 10 so that the drains 23 are connected together.

The pedestal 9 is provided with a drive motor 7 equipped with a speed reducer, alongside the stirring tank 10. A drive sprocket 70 is attached to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 7. A chain 71 is wound between the driving sprocket 70 and a driven sprocket 162 provided on the rotary shaft 16.

(Operation) The operation of the composting apparatus M of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. An appropriate amount of garbage, which is an organic waste, is charged into the stirring tank 10 through the conduit 13. Then, the organic waste is inoculated with an appropriate amount of indigenous microorganisms. As the indigenous organisms, home-grown organisms obtained by culturing those that inhabit the soil such as fields can be used, and there is no cost to obtain them. Steam is sent from the steam generator 24 through the connection pipe 25, and is introduced into the steam passage 20 from the introduction connection pipe 21. The inside of the stirring tank 10 is heated by steam passing through the steam passage 20.

The steam discharged from the discharge connecting pipe 22 passes through the connecting pipe 26 and is introduced into the rotary shaft 16 from the introducing connecting pipe 160. The steam in the rotating shaft 16 also reaches the inside of the stirring blade 17 and heats the inside of the stirring tank 10. The steam discharged from the discharge connection pipe 161 passes through the discharge pipe 27,
The water is discharged together with the water drops falling from the drain 23.

On the other hand, the rotation shaft 16 is rotated by the operation of the drive motor 7, and the garbage is stirred by the stirring blade 17. Thereby, the garbage and the indigenous microorganisms inside the stirring tank 10 are mixed, and the fermentation of the garbage starts by the activity of the indigenous microorganisms. The pressure inside the stirring tank 10 is reduced by the vacuum pump 3. This depressurization is performed so that the boiling point of water in the stirring tank 10 becomes about 60 ° C. (in practice, the pressure is reduced to a state close to almost vacuum). The vacuum pump 3
The air in the tank sucked by is passed from the connecting pipe 110 to the liquefaction apparatus 4. The air in the tank contains steam generated by fermentation heat, which will be described later. This steam is liquefied by the liquefaction device 4 to perform gas-liquid separation, and the water is sucked and discharged by the vacuum pump 3 together with the gas.

The fermentation of the garbage in the stirring tank 10 proceeds, and the temperature rises due to the heat of the fermentation. When the garbage reaches the boiling point of 60 ° C., it boils and starts to evaporate. Further, the fermentation heat is sequentially changed to heat of vaporization at the boiling point, and is hardly accumulated while water is present in the stirring tank 10, so that the temperature inside the stirring tank 10 does not rise to 60 ° C. or more, which is the boiling point. Therefore, the temperature in the stirring tank 10 is maintained at a temperature at which indigenous microorganisms can be activated. Thus, the moisture contained in the garbage being fermented is discharged out of the tank by the vacuum pump 3. Thereby, fermentation of garbage is promoted, and composting is performed in a short time. Further, the water discharged from the vacuum pump 3 (the liquefied vapor contained in the air in the tank) is collected and vaporized by an evaporator such as a cooling tower, and the residue is returned to the inside of the stirring tank 10 for composting. Operation is also possible.

The terms and expressions used in the present specification are merely illustrative, not restrictive, and do not exclude the terms and expressions equivalent to the above-mentioned terms and expressions. Further, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea.

[0031]

The present invention has the above configuration and has the following effects. (A) The composting device of the present invention can lower the boiling point of the water inside by reducing the pressure inside the stirring tank, and the accumulated fermentation heat changes to heat of vaporization at a temperature of about 60 ° C.,
The temperature in the tank is maintained at a temperature at which indigenous microorganisms can operate. Therefore, it is possible to use indigenous microorganisms that operate at a relatively low temperature and die at a high temperature in a composting device, and to produce inexpensive compost by using indigenous microorganisms that are inexpensive to obtain. Can be.

(B) Since the temperature of the stirring tank does not become high, deterioration of each part such as the stirring tank due to heat hardly occurs, and the durability is improved. Further, since it is not necessary to use an expensive heat-resistant material, the manufacturing cost of the apparatus can be reduced.

(C) A stirring device provided with a heating means in the stirring blade of the stirring device enables more effective and quick heating when heating the inside of the stirring tank.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a composting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the composting apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the composting apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a main part in which a part of a structure of a stirring tank and a stirring blade is shown in section.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a combination of inclinations of a feed surface of a stirring blade.

FIG. 6 shows the structure of a sealing device provided at an outlet,
(A) is a side view, (b) is a plan view.

[Explanation of symbols]

 M Composting device 1 Stirring device 10 Stirring tank 11, 12, 13 Through pipe 110 Connecting pipe 120, 130 Cover 14, 15 End plate 140, 150 Bearing device 16 Rotating shaft 160 Rotating shaft 161 Discharge connecting pipe 162 Driven sprocket 17 Stirring blade 170 Ventilation pipe 171 Blade body 172, 173 Sending surface 18 Outlet 19 Sealing device 190 Sealing lid 191 Guide 192 Transition body 193 Handle 194 Screw rod 2 Heating device 20 Steam passage 21 Inlet connection tube 22 Discharge connection tube 23 Drain 24 Steam generation device Reference Signs List 25 connection pipe 26 connection pipe 27 discharge pipe 3 vacuum pump 4 liquefier 41 discharge pipe 7 drive motor 70 sprocket 71 chain 9 pedestal

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) C05F 17/00 C05F 5/00 // C05F 5/00 9/00 9/00 B09B 3/00 ZABD (72) Inventor Shinichi Shimose 4 of 1223 Tsufuda, Sanyo-cho, Asa-gun, Yamaguchi

Claims (4)

[Claims] A composting device for composting organic waste, comprising: a stirring device (1) having a stirring tank (10) and a stirring blade (17); And a pressure reducing device. 2. A composting device for composting organic waste, comprising: a stirring device (1) having a stirring tank (10) and a stirring blade (17); and an interior of the stirring tank (10). A heating device (2) for heating, a decompression device for decompressing the inside of the stirring tank (10), and a liquefaction device (4) for liquefying vapor contained in the air in the tank sucked by the decompression device. A composting device, comprising: 3. The composting device according to claim 2, wherein a heating means is provided on the stirring blade (17) of the stirring device (1). 4. A method for composting organic waste, comprising reducing the boiling point by reducing the pressure inside the stirring tank (10) to maintain a temperature at which indigenous microorganisms can be activated. A method for composting organic waste, comprising fermenting organic waste internally with indigenous microorganisms to form a compost.