JP2001004795A - X-ray waveguide - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a X-ray waveguide that bends the direction of X rays in an intended direction. SOLUTION: In a X-ray waveguide 1, upper faces 3a, 3b, 3c,... linking to a top face 4a are shaped like a staircase with a prescribed number of steps and are made of aluminum and the like and upper faces 3b, 3c,... and top faces 4b, 4c,... perpendicular to the upper faces 3b, 3c,... are formed on each of the second step or higher. In the X-ray waveguide 1, when X rays 5 are incident at an incidence angle θfrom the top face 4a, the X rays 5 are refracted by only a refractive angle Δ1 and then they are emitted at an emission angle θ+Δ2 that is obtained by refracting them from the upper face 3a of the first step by only a refractive angle Δ2 and are incident on the top face 4b of the next step. Thereafter, the X rays 5 are refracted similarly when they are incident from the top faces 4b, 4c,... and when they are emitted from the upper faces 3b, 3c,... to deflect the X rays 5 by only an angle conforming to the number of steps formed on the upper faces 3a, 3b, 3c,... and propagate the X rays 5. Consequently, the X rays 5 can be deflected by an intended angle by setting the number of steps of the upper faces 3a, 3b, 3c,... if necessary.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to an X-ray waveguide, and more particularly, to an X-ray waveguide capable of bending an X-ray in a desired direction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is very difficult to form a waveguide because X-rays generally travel straight through a substance.

[0003] Therefore, conventionally, X-rays are propagated in a capillary formed of a material having a high electron density or a layer sandwiched between walls having a high electron density.

[0004]

However, in such a conventional technique, the X-ray cannot be bent in an intended direction, and the direction of the X-ray is changed in various measurement / analysis apparatuses and optical instruments. X that can be bent in the intended direction
A line waveguide is needed.

[0005] In view of the above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, at least one side surface connected to the top surface is formed in a predetermined number of steps with a predetermined substance, and the side surface and the side surface are formed in each of the second and subsequent steps. A vertical surface extending in a direction perpendicular to the direction is formed,
X at a predetermined incident angle from the top surface toward the stepwise side surface
When a ray is incident, the incident X-ray is refracted at a predetermined refraction angle, and then emitted at a predetermined refraction angle from the side surface of the first stage to the next vertical surface at an angle after the refraction. The X-rays are refracted by the refraction angle at the time of incidence from the vertical surface and at the time of emission from the side surface, and are repeatedly performed by the number of steps formed on the side surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide an X-ray waveguide with good usability by deflecting and propagating to deflect an X-ray to an intended angle by appropriately setting the number of steps on the side surface.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the X-rays of a specific wavelength are formed only by forming the side surface formed in a step shape into a shape in which a curve connecting the intersection of the side surface and the vertical surface becomes a logarithmic curve. It is an object of the present invention to provide an X-ray waveguide that can be propagated along a stepwise side surface and that can take out, for example, only X-rays of a monochromatic wavelength and that is more usable.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, when the X-ray frequency is ω and the dispersion of the refractive index is δ (ω), the material forming the X-ray waveguide is By using a stage having a deflection angle of δ, X-rays can be efficiently introduced into the X-ray waveguide, X-rays can be appropriately deflected at an intended angle, and X-rays with even better availability can be obtained. It is intended to provide a waveguide.

[0008]

According to the present invention, X is used.
The line waveguide is formed of a predetermined material, and at least one side surface connected to the top surface is formed in a predetermined number of steps,
An X-ray waveguide in which the side surface and a vertical surface extending in a direction perpendicular to the side surface are formed in each of the second and subsequent stages, wherein the X-ray waveguide has a predetermined angle from the top surface to the stepwise side surface direction. When an X-ray is incident at a predetermined inclined incident angle, the incident X-ray is refracted at a predetermined refraction angle, and then emitted from the side surface of the first stage at a predetermined refraction angle, and is then transmitted to the next stage. It is incident on the vertical surface at the angle after the refraction, and thereafter, it is repeatedly performed by the number of steps formed on the side surface to be refracted by the refraction angle at the time of incidence from the vertical surface and at the time of emission from the side surface, The above object is achieved by deflecting the X-rays by an angle corresponding to the number of steps formed on the side surface and transmitting the X-rays.

According to the above construction, at least one side surface connected to the top surface is formed in a predetermined number of steps with a predetermined substance, and the side surfaces and the right angles to the side surfaces are formed in each of the second and subsequent steps. Is formed, and when an X-ray is incident at a predetermined incident angle from the top surface toward the stepwise side direction, the incident X-ray is refracted at a predetermined refraction angle. Then, the light is emitted from the side surface of the first stage at a predetermined refraction angle, and is incident on the vertical surface of the next stage at the angle after the refraction. Repeatedly for the number of steps formed on the side,
Since the X-rays are propagated while being deflected by an angle corresponding to the number of steps formed on the side surface, the number of steps on the side surface can be appropriately set to deflect the X-rays to an intended angle. Can be improved.

In this case, for example, as described in claim 2, the side surface formed in the step shape is formed in a shape in which a curve connecting the intersection of the side surface and the vertical surface is a logarithmic curve. May be.

According to the above configuration, the side surface formed in a step shape is formed in a shape in which a curve connecting the intersection of the side surface and the vertical surface is a logarithmic curve. Thus, for example, only X-rays of a monochromatic wavelength can be extracted, and the usability of the X-ray waveguide can be further improved.

Further, for example, as described in claim 3, when the frequency of the X-ray is ω, the substance forming the X-ray waveguide has a refractive index dispersion of δ (ω). In this case, the deflection angle of each stage of the X-ray may be δ.

According to the above configuration, when the X-ray frequency is ω and the dispersion of the refractive index is δ (ω), the material forming the X-ray waveguide is Deflection angle is δ
Is used, X-rays can be efficiently introduced into the X-ray waveguide, and the X-rays can be appropriately deflected at an intended angle, thereby further improving the usability of the X-ray waveguide. Can be done.

[0014]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and therefore, various technically preferable limitations are added. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description. The embodiments are not limited to these embodiments unless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of an X-ray waveguide according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a view showing an X-ray waveguide 1 to which an embodiment of the X-ray waveguide according to the present invention is applied. It is a principal part enlarged front view.

In FIG. 1, an X-ray waveguide 1 has a predetermined width in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper of FIG. 1, a bottom surface 2 corresponding to a lower surface of FIG. The first step upper surface 3a, the second step upper surface 3b, the third step
It is formed in a predetermined step-like shape consisting of a step upper surface 3c. That is, the X-ray waveguide 1 has upper surfaces 3a, 3b,
Are formed in a step-like manner as a first step, a second step, a third step,..., And the top surfaces 4a, 4b, 4c,. The length of the X-rays 5 incident at a predetermined incident angle from the top surface 4a of the first stage as described later
Is emitted from the upper surface 4a of the stage at a predetermined emission angle, is incident from the top surface (vertical surface) 4b of the next second stage at a predetermined incident angle, and is emitted from the upper surface 3b of the stage. And the length is necessary and sufficient to appropriately repeat the emission.

The X-ray waveguide 1 has upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3
c,... indicate the top surface 4a.
a, 4b, 4c,... and upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c,.
The length d from the point of intersection to the incident position of the X-ray 5 is 1 μm
m, and the incident angle θ is 10 ⁻² to 10 ⁻³ radian, and if it has a length of 100 μm to 1000 μm, light is incident from the top surfaces 4a, 4b, 4c,. X
The line 5 is appropriately emitted from the upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c,... And enters the next top surface 4a, 4b, 4c,.

The X-ray waveguide 1 has a stepped upper surface 3a,
3b, 3c,... Are the top surfaces 4a, 4b, 4c,.
The line connecting the corners (intersection points) with the .. is formed so as to have a logarithmic curve shape.

The X-ray waveguide 1 is formed of a material such as aluminum (Al), and has a refractive index for X-rays 4 slightly smaller than "1". Now, let the refractive index of the X-ray waveguide 1 be n (ω) = 1−δ (ω)
−iβ (ω), δ (ω) is the frequency ω of the X-ray 5
It is usually about 10-5.

That is, when the frequency of the X-ray 5 is ω and the dispersion of the refractive index is δ (ω), the material forming the X-ray waveguide 1 deflects at each stage of the X-ray 5. A substance whose angle is δ.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. X
The line waveguide 1 is provided with an X-ray 5 incident from the top surface 4a of the first stage.
Is propagated along the steps of the upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c,....

That is, the X-ray waveguide 1 has a predetermined slight angle with respect to the top surface 4a of the first step in FIG. 1 in the direction of the upper surface 3a indicated by an angle θ with respect to the radiation of the top surface 4a. Then, when the X-ray 5 is incident, the refractive index of the X-ray waveguide 1 with respect to the X-ray 5 is slightly smaller than “1”, and as described above, the refractive index of the X-ray waveguide 1 is set to n (ω ) = 1−δ (ω)
−iβ (ω), δ (ω) is the frequency ω of the X-ray 5
It is usually about 10-5,
The X-rays 5 incident from the top surface 4a of the first stage are refracted by Δ1 on the top surface 4a of the first stage of the X-ray waveguide 1 according to Snell's law shown below, and Upper surface 3a of the eye
Incident on the upper surface 3a at an angle of θ + Δ1 with the upper surface 3a. X-ray 5 is on top surface 3 of the first stage
When the light is emitted from a, the light is refracted again and the angle with the upper surface 3a becomes θ + Δ2.

Snell's law; sin θ = (1-δ) si
n (θ + Δ1), (1−δ) cos (θ + Δ1) = co
s (θ + Δ2) In the Snell's law, if a second-order minute amount is omitted, Δ2
= Δ. Therefore, the X-rays 5 incident on the top surface 4a of the first stage at an angle θ with respect to the radiation are emitted from the upper surface 3a of the first stage while being deflected by θ + Δ2, that is, δ.

The X-rays 5 emitted from the upper surface 3a of the first stage at an angle of θ + Δ2 (that is, θ + δ) are emitted from the top surface 4b of the second stage with the radiation of the top surface 4b. Are incident at θ + Δ2.

Also in the second stage, the X-ray 5 is refracted in the same manner as in the first stage, and is deflected upward from the upper surface 3b of the second stage by δ (= Δ2) with respect to the incident angle. It is emitted in a state.

The X-ray 5 is applied to the top surface 4 at each of the above steps.
, 4b, 4c,... and upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3
By repeating emission from c,..., the light is deflected upward by δ in FIG. 1 and is deflected by an angle nδ corresponding to the number n of stages formed in the X-ray waveguide 1.

Therefore, the top surfaces 4a, 4b, 4c,... Of the required number of angles for deflecting the X-rays 5 in the X-ray waveguide 1 are provided.
, And the upper surface 3a, 3b, 3c,..., The X-ray 5 can be propagated along the step-like shape to deflect the X-ray 5 by an intended angle.

As described above, the X-ray waveguide 1 of the present embodiment
Are upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c,..., Which are side surfaces connected to the top surface 4a, are formed in a predetermined number of steps, and upper surfaces 3b, 3c,.
, And top surfaces 4b, 4c,..., Which are vertical surfaces extending in a direction perpendicular to the upper surfaces 3b, 3c,. When the X-rays 5 are incident at a predetermined incident angle θ toward the X-ray waveguide 1, the X-rays 5 are refracted by a predetermined refraction angle Δ1, that is, the X-rays 5 Angle of line 5 is θ + Δ
After being refracted by an angle of 1, the light is emitted from the upper surface 3a of the first stage at an emission angle θ + Δ2 refracted by a predetermined refraction angle Δ2, and is incident on the top surface 4b of the next stage at the angle after the refraction.
Thereafter, when the light enters from the top surfaces 4b, 4c,.
b, 3c,... are refracted by the refraction angle by the number of steps formed on the upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c,.
The light beam is deflected by an angle corresponding to the number of stages formed in c,.

Therefore, the upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c,.
The X-ray 5 can be deflected to an intended angle by appropriately setting the number of stages, and the usability of the X-ray waveguide 1 can be improved.

The X-ray waveguide 1 of the present embodiment has a stepped upper surface 3a, 3b, 3c,... 4b, 4c,
. Are formed in a shape that becomes a logarithmic curve.

Therefore, only the X-rays 5 having a specific wavelength can be propagated along the step-like upper surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c,... The usability of the line waveguide 1 can be further improved.

Further, the X-ray waveguide 1 of the present embodiment is
When the frequency of the X-ray 5 is ω and the dispersion of the refractive index is δ (ω), the deflection angle at each stage of the X-ray 5 is δ. Use things.

Therefore, the X-rays 5 can be efficiently introduced into the X-ray waveguide 1, and the X-rays 5 can be appropriately deflected at an intended angle, so that the usability of the X-ray waveguide 1 is further improved. be able to.

Although the invention made by the inventor has been specifically described based on the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. It goes without saying that it is possible.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, only the upper surface 3a, 3b, 3c,... Of the X-ray waveguide 1 is formed in a stepped shape.
are not limited to a, 3b, 3c,..., but the bottom surface 2 may be formed in a stepped shape, and the side surface on the near side or the back side in FIG. You may.

[0036]

According to the X-ray waveguide of the first aspect of the present invention, at least one side surface connected to the top surface is formed in a predetermined number of steps with a predetermined substance, and each of the second and subsequent steps is formed. A side surface and a vertical surface extending in a direction perpendicular to the side surface are formed on the step, and when X-rays are incident at a predetermined incident angle from the top surface toward the stepwise side surface direction, the X-ray is incident. After refracting the X-ray at a predetermined refraction angle, the X-ray is emitted at a predetermined refraction angle from the side surface of the first stage, and is incident on the next vertical surface at the post-refraction angle. And the refraction by the refraction angle at the time of emission from the side surface is repeatedly performed by the number of steps formed on the side surface, and the X-ray is deflected by an angle corresponding to the number of steps formed on the side surface and propagated. The X-ray can be deflected to an intended angle by setting it appropriately. It is possible to improve the utilization of the road.

According to the X-ray waveguide according to the second aspect of the present invention, the side surface formed in a step shape is formed in a shape in which a curve connecting the intersection of the side surface and the vertical surface becomes a logarithmic curve. Only X-rays of a specific wavelength can be propagated along the step-like side surface. For example, only X-rays of a monochromatic wavelength can be extracted, and the usability of the X-ray waveguide can be further improved. .

According to the X-ray waveguide of the third aspect of the present invention, when the X-ray frequency is ω, the refractive index dispersion of the substance forming the X-ray waveguide is δ (ω). In such a case, since the deflection angle of each stage of the X-ray is δ, it is possible to efficiently introduce the X-ray into the X-ray waveguide and appropriately deflect the X-ray at the intended angle. As a result, the usability of the X-ray waveguide can be further improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged front view of a main part of an X-ray waveguide to which an embodiment of an X-ray waveguide according to the present invention is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 X-ray waveguide 2 Bottom surface 3a, 3b, 3c ... Top surface 4a, 4b, 4c ... Top surface 5 X-ray

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least one side surface connected to the top surface is formed in a predetermined number of steps, and is formed of a predetermined material.
An X-ray waveguide in which the side surface and a vertical surface extending in a direction perpendicular to the side surface are formed in each of the second and subsequent stages, wherein the X-ray waveguide has a predetermined angle from the top surface to the stepwise side surface direction. When an X-ray is incident at a predetermined inclined incident angle, the incident X-ray is refracted at a predetermined refraction angle, and then emitted from the side surface of the first stage at a predetermined refraction angle, and is then transmitted to the next stage. It is incident on the vertical surface at the angle after the refraction, and thereafter, it is repeatedly performed by the number of steps formed on the side surface to be refracted by the refraction angle at the time of incidence from the vertical surface and at the time of emission from the side surface, An X-ray waveguide, wherein an X-ray is deflected and propagated by an angle corresponding to the number of steps formed on the side surface. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the side surface formed in the step shape is formed in a shape in which a curve connecting an intersection of the side surface and the vertical surface is a logarithmic curve. X-ray waveguide. 3. The material forming the X-ray waveguide has a refractive index dispersion of δ when the frequency of the X-ray is ω.
The X-ray according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when (ω), the deflection angle at each stage of the X-ray is δ.
Line waveguide.