JP2001004515A - Method and apparatus for measuring hardness - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately measure the hardness of a structure. SOLUTION: A method wherein the surface of an object to be measured is irradiated with light and the normal line direction of the surface of the object to be measured is confirmed on the basis of the optical axis of the reflected light and that of the irradiation light and the hardness of the object to be measured is measured is disclosed and a hardness measuring apparatus equipped with a mechanism capable of being moved and rotated in three up-and-down, before-and-behind and left-and-right directions is also disclosed. In this case, the mechanism capable of being moved and rotated in three directions is constituted by connecting a three-direction regulating mechanism M1 assembled by stacking a left and right moving mechanism 5, an up and down moving mechanism 6 and a before and behind moving mechanism 7 on a substrate 4 and an angle regulating mechanism M2 assembled by stacking a left and right oscillating mechanism 8, a before and behind oscillating mechanism 9 and an up and down fine adjustment mechanism 10 by a connection lever 11 and the support mechanism 12 fitted to the up and down fine adjustment mechanism 10 comprises a hardness measuring apparatus having a through-hole 12-1 in which a normal line confirming device V and a hardness measuring instrument H can be inserted alternately.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hardness measuring method for non-destructively measuring the surface hardness of a material such as a structure on site and a hardness measuring device used for the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the degree of deterioration of a material is often diagnosed in order to predict the service life of a structure (for example, a boiler for power generation), and the hardness of the material is measured as a means thereof.

[0003] As a material hardness measuring instrument, there is a portable type such as an installation type hardness meter such as a Rockwell hardness meter or a Vickers hardness meter, or a Shore hardness meter. For example, in a hardness measurement test piece by a Rockwell hardness tester, a measurement surface and a back surface thereof are machined in parallel so that a measurement indenter axis acts perpendicularly to the measurement surface. Therefore, in order to measure the hardness of the material constituting the structure, it is necessary to cut out a test piece from the structure. However, for example, in the case of a steel pipe of a power generation boiler, it is almost impossible to cut out a test piece, and even if cut out, a substitute material must be inserted by welding or the like, and thus cannot be frequently performed.

A Shore hardness tester that can measure the hardness of a structure on site drops a weight downward on a measurement surface, and can measure only in a vertical direction. The hardness measurement surface of a structure has many curved surfaces such as a pipe and an axis, and the measurement direction must be measured from all angles such as a tank. The ultrasonic hardness tester has solved this problem.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are conceptual views showing an ultrasonic hardness tester, wherein FIG. 1A is a side view showing an external appearance, FIG. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 1C is a view seen from below.

The ultrasonic hardness tester H has a structure in which a vibrating bar 1 and a spring mechanism 2 for firing the vibrating bar 1 are housed in a cylindrical casing 3.

The vibrating rod 1 has a diamond indenter 1 at one end.
1, a vibration converter 1-2 and a vibration detection unit 1-3 are provided in an intermediate part. The vibrating converter 1-2 resonates the vibrating rod 1 so that the end having the diamond indenter 1-1 has the maximum amplitude, and moves in the casing 3 along with the vibrating rod 1 in the axial direction.

The casing 3 has a built-in spring mechanism 2 for firing the vibrating rod 1 at one end, and support members 3-1 and 3- for supporting the vibrating rod 1 axially movable at the other end and an intermediate portion inside. It is desirable to have a flange 3-3 on the body. The through-holes 3-4, 3-4 where the support members 3-1 and 3-2 support the vibrating rod are concentric with the axis of the casing 3 and the lower surface 3-5 of the flange 3-3.
Are formed perpendicular to the axis of the casing.

An ultrasonic hardness tester uses an ultrasonic vibrator having a diamond indenter attached to the tip of the ultrasonic vibrator to strike a test object with a constant force while resonating, and measure the change in the frequency to measure the hardness of the material. It is an instrument that can be measured. Although the indentation of the indenter is small, the reproducibility of the measurement result is high. However, the work of determining and mounting the ultrasonic hardness tester at the measurement position is a manual operation, and it is difficult to match the axis of the ultrasonic hardness tester with the normal direction of the measurement position. Some jigs support an ultrasonic hardness tester for this purpose, but depending on the state of attachment, the jig may have insufficient rigidity, so that there is a drawback that accurate measurement values cannot be obtained.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to mount a hardness measuring device at an arbitrary position on an object to be measured, and in a normal direction or a perpendicular direction of a measuring surface, and to improve the surface hardness of a structure. An object of the present invention is to provide an accurate measuring method and a hardness measuring device for realizing the method. Hereinafter, when it is described as “normal line”, it includes a perpendicular line of the measurement surface.

[0011]

As a method for measuring hardness at an arbitrary position on an object to be measured from an arbitrary direction, a inventors of the present invention has proposed a position adjusting mechanism by combining a hardness measuring instrument with various existing moving mechanisms. The present inventors have found that a lightweight and high-hardness hardness measuring device can be obtained by configuring the present invention, and have completed the present invention. The gist of the present invention resides in a hardness measuring method shown below and a hardness measuring device shown below and shown in FIGS. 2, 8 and 9.

A surface of the object is irradiated with a light beam, and the direction of the normal to the surface of the object is confirmed based on the optical axis of the reflected light beam and the optical axis of the irradiated light beam. How to measure.

A hardness measuring device having a mechanism capable of moving and rotating in three directions of up, down, front and rear, and left and right,
The mechanism that can move and rotate in three directions includes a three-way adjustment mechanism M1 assembled by stacking a left-right movement mechanism 5, a vertical movement mechanism 6, and a front-back movement mechanism 7 on a substrate 4, a left-right swing mechanism 8, The moving mechanism 9 and the angle adjusting mechanism M2 assembled by stacking the vertical fine moving mechanism 10 are connected by a connecting rod 11, and the supporting mechanism 12 provided in the vertical fine moving mechanism 10 includes A hardness measuring device provided with a through hole 12-1 that can be inserted by replacing the measuring device H (see FIG. 2).

A hardness measuring device having a mechanism capable of moving and rotating in three directions of up, down, front and rear, and left and right,
The mechanism that can move and rotate in three directions includes a three-way adjustment mechanism M1 assembled by stacking a left-right movement mechanism 5, a vertical movement mechanism 6, and a front-back movement mechanism 7 on a substrate 4, a left-right swing mechanism 8, The moving mechanism 9 and the angle adjusting mechanism M2 assembled by stacking the vertical fine moving mechanism 10 are connected by a connecting rod 11, and the supporting mechanism 24 provided on the vertical fine moving mechanism 10 includes a normal A hardness measuring device having a plurality of through holes to which a height measuring instrument H is attached (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

The support mechanism 24 (see FIG. 8) has two through holes 24-1 and 24-2.
A moving member 24-3 in which 7,24-8 are parallel within the same plane 24-5,
It is desirable that the moving member is constituted by a slide member 24-4 which movably supports the moving member in a direction connecting the central axes 24-7, 24-8 of the two through holes.

The support mechanism 25 (see FIG. 9) comprises a rotating member 26 having two through holes 26-1, 26-2 and a bracket 27 for supporting the rotating member concentrically. The central axes 26-8 and 26-9 of the holes are desirably in the same circumferential surface 26-4 centered on the central axis 26-3 of the rotating member and are preferably configured in parallel.

The support mechanism 28 (see FIG. 12) has a hardness measuring device (ultrasonic hardness meter H in the figure) at the center, an irradiation device 30 at one end, and a light receiving device 31 at the other end. And their central axes Ha, 30-1 and 31-1 are in the same plane 29, and the included angles α between the central axes of the irradiation device and the light receiving device and the central axis of the hardness measuring device are equal, respectively. It is desirable that the axes of the two intersect on the central axis Ha of the hardness measuring device, and that the irradiation device and the light receiving device constitute a normal line checking device.

The support mechanism 32 (see FIG. 13) has a hardness measuring device (ultrasonic hardness meter H in the figure) at the center, an irradiation device 30 at one end, and a light receiving device 31 at the other end. And their central axes are in the same plane 29, and the included angles of the central axes 30-1, 31-1 of the irradiation device and the light receiving device and the central axis Ha of the hardness measuring device are equal, and each axis is Are crossed on the central axis of the hardness measuring device, a prism 33 is provided below the hardness measuring device H, and the irradiation device, the light receiving device, and the prism preferably constitute a normal line checker.

The hardness measuring apparatus according to the present invention has a mechanism (hereinafter, referred to as a mechanism) capable of moving and rotating in three directions of up and down, front and rear, and left and right.
This is simply referred to as a "position adjustment mechanism"). A normal checker is attached to the support mechanism provided in the support mechanism, and the center axis of the normal checker is set to an arbitrary position and an arbitrary direction by adjusting the position adjustment mechanism. can do. After that, if the normal checker is replaced with a hardness checker or the hardness checker is moved to the position of the normal checker, the center axis of the hardness checker will be set to that of the set normal checker. Match the position and direction of the central axis. Thus, if the center axis of the normal checker is set in the direction of the normal to the surface of the object, the hardness can be measured from the direction of the normal to the surface of the object.

The vertical fine movement mechanism is a device for adjusting the distance between the measurement surface of the object to be measured and the tip of the indenter of the hardness measuring device to a predetermined distance when the normal checking device and the hardness measuring device are replaced. It is.

[0021]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The hardness measuring method of the present invention is a method capable of measuring at an arbitrary position on an object to be measured from an arbitrary direction. First, a light beam (laser beam) is irradiated onto the surface of the device under test, and the optical axis of the irradiated beam is in the direction normal to the surface of the device under test by matching the reflected optical axis with the irradiated optical axis. Check. Thereafter, a hardness measuring device is attached in the optical axis direction of the irradiation light beam, and the hardness of the surface of the object to be measured is measured.

The hardness measuring apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for realizing the above-described hardness measuring method, and irradiates an object with a light beam, receives the light beam, and checks the normal direction of the surface of the object. This is a device provided with a normal checker and an indenter driving type hardness measuring device provided in a position adjusting mechanism.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are conceptual views showing an example of the hardness measuring device, wherein FIG. 2A is a plan view, FIG. 2B is a partial sectional front view, FIG. 2C is a partial sectional side view, and FIG. Is a rear view.

The hardness measuring apparatus HA of the present invention shown in FIG.
As shown in (b) and (c), the through hole 1 of the mounting mechanism 12 of the position adjusting mechanism M that can be mounted at an arbitrary position on the surface of the DUT.
2-1 shows an apparatus that can be inserted by replacing a hardness measuring device (ultrasonic hardness meter H in FIG. 2 (b)) and a normal checker V (see FIG. 2 (c)).

In this hardness measuring device, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), a normal checking device V is attached to the support mechanism 12 of the position adjusting mechanism M,
By adjusting the position adjustment mechanism, the center axis Va of the normal line checker V can be set at an arbitrary measurement position and an arbitrary measurement direction. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), when the normal checker V and the ultrasonic hardness meter H are replaced, the ultrasonic hardness meter H
Of the center axis Ha of the normal line coincides with the set position and direction of the center axis Va of the normal checker V. Thus, if the center axis of the normal checker is set in the direction of the normal to the surface of the object, the hardness can be measured in the direction of the normal to the surface of the object.

Next, the position adjusting mechanism M of the hardness measuring apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are conceptual diagrams showing an example of the position adjusting mechanism. FIG. 3A is a plan view, FIG. 3B is a front view, FIG. 3C is a partial cross-sectional side view, and FIG. is there.

As shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, the position adjusting mechanism M is constructed by stacking a left-right moving mechanism 5, a vertical moving mechanism 6, and a front-rear moving mechanism 7 on a substrate 4 and assembling them in three directions. Three-way adjustment mechanism M1 that can move
Left and right rocking mechanism 8 and front and back rocking mechanism 9 from a distance away from M1
Angle adjusting mechanism M in which the vertical fine movement mechanism 10 is assembled
2 are connected by a connecting rod 11. further,
A support mechanism 12 for replacing and holding a hardness measuring device or a normal line checking device is attached to the vertical fine movement mechanism 10 via a bracket 13.

As shown in FIG. 3 (d), the board 4 has a left-right moving mechanism 5 mounted on the upper surface, and a bracket 4-2 to which magnets 14 are mounted at both ends can swing via pins 4-1. Installed. It is desirable that the magnet 14 can be turned on and off so that it can be attached to an arbitrary position of the device under test. Further, it is desirable that the substrate and the bracket be manufactured from an aluminum alloy for weight reduction.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the left-right moving mechanism 5 includes a base 5-1 fixed to the substrate 4 and a left-right sliding member 5-2. A rack (not shown) is incorporated in the base 5-1 and a pinion (not shown, reference numeral 5) is provided in the left and right sliding members 5-2.
A knob -3 is provided for turning a pinion, and the left-right sliding member 5-2 is moved in the left-right direction (perpendicular to the paper) by turning the knob 5-3. A vertical moving mechanism 6 is mounted on the upper surface of the left and right sliding member 5-2.

As shown in FIG. 3 (c), the vertical moving mechanism 6 is composed of a column 6-1 and a vertical sliding member 6-2 having a Γ shape. The support 6-1 has a bottom fixed to the left-right sliding member 5-2 of the left-right moving mechanism 5, and incorporates a pinion (not shown, reference numeral 6-5 is a knob for turning the pinion). Vertical sliding member
6-2 includes a vertical member 6-3 and a horizontal member 6-4. A rack 6-3-1 is incorporated in the vertical member 6-3, and is moved up and down along the column 6-1 by turning a pinion knob 6-5. One end of the horizontal member 6-4 is connected to the vertical member 6-3, and a pinion (not shown, reference numeral 6-6 is a knob for rotating the pinion) for sliding the front-rear sliding member 7 is incorporated. ing.

As shown in FIG. 3 (c), the front-rear sliding mechanism 7 has an upper portion connected to a connecting rod 11, and a rack provided therein. For this reason, the front-back sliding mechanism 7 slides back and forth along the horizontal member 6-4 of the vertical sliding member 6-2 by turning the pinion knob 6-6.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the left / right swing mechanism 8 includes a base 8-1 and a left / right swing member 8-2. Base 8-
1 has a part of a worm gear inside, and a front-rear swing mechanism 9 is connected to the bottom surface. The left and right rocking member 8-2 has an upper portion fixed to the lower surface of the connecting rod 11, and a pinion (not shown, reference numeral 8-3 is a knob for turning the pinion) that meshes with the worm gear is provided inside. Left and right swing member 8-2,
By turning the pinion knob 8-3, it swings along the circumference of the base 8-1.

The front and rear swing mechanism 9 has the same structure as the left and right swing mechanism 8. As shown in FIG. 3 (c), the upper part of the front-rear swinging member 9-2 is fixed to the lower surface of the base 8-1 of the left and right swing mechanism 8, and the bottom of the base 9-1 is A bracket 13 for attaching the fine movement mechanism 10 is attached.

The vertical movement mechanism 10 has the same structure as the vertical movement mechanism 6. The base 10-1 of the vertical fine movement mechanism is fixed to the vertical member 13-1 of the bracket 13 so that the side surface is orthogonal to the connecting rod 11, and a hardness measuring device is provided on the side surface of the vertical sliding member 10-2. Alternatively, a support mechanism 12 for holding the normal line checker is attached. A rack is provided inside the up-down sliding member 10-2, and slides up and down along the base 10-1 by turning a pinion knob 10-3.

The connecting rod 11 has one end connected to the front-rear sliding mechanism 7 and the other end connected to the left-right swinging mechanism 8, thereby integrating the three-way adjusting mechanism M1 and the angle adjusting mechanism M2. The connecting rod 11 is desirably made of an aluminum alloy in a U-shape to increase rigidity and reduce weight.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are views showing a state in which a support mechanism in a position adjusting mechanism of the hardness measuring device is attached to a vertical fine movement mechanism, wherein FIG. 4A is a partially sectional front view, and FIG. 3A is a sectional view taken along line AA, and FIG. 3C is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the support mechanism 12 is attached to the vertical sliding portion 10-2 of the vertical fine movement mechanism 10 by bolts via a holding plate 10-4 made of aluminum alloy. . The support mechanism 12 is provided with a through hole 12-1 for inserting a hardness measuring device or a normal checking device, and two bolts for fixing the ultrasonic hardness meter or the normal checking device are provided on the side wall thereof. 12-2
Is provided. This support mechanism has one through hole 12-1.
Since an ultrasonic hardness tester or a normal line checker is inserted into the hole, it is desirable that the central axis 12-3 of the through hole 12-1 and the upper surface 12-4 of the support mechanism be finished at a right angle.

The position adjusting mechanism of the present invention is an apparatus in which an existing moving mechanism and swing mechanism are organically combined. Insert the normal checker into the through hole of the support mechanism of the position adjustment mechanism,
By irradiating the surface to be measured with a light beam from the normal checker and adjusting the position adjusting mechanism, the central axis of the normal checker can be adjusted and fixed in an arbitrary direction and position. The hardness can be measured from any direction or at any position since the center axis is replaced with the ultrasonic hardness tester from the adjusted normal checker. Further, by manufacturing the connecting rod, the bracket, and the like using an aluminum alloy, it is possible to reduce the weight and increase the rigidity.

Next, a description will be given of a normal line checker for checking the normal line of the hardness measurement position of the workpiece.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a normal line checker used in the present invention. FIG.
(b) is a longitudinal sectional view, and (c) is an AA sectional view of FIG. (b).

The normal checker V is constructed by incorporating an irradiating device 17 containing a battery 16 in a cylindrical casing 15 having one side (the lower part in the figure) opened, and irradiating light to a hardness measuring position S. I do.

The casing 15 has an axis 15-1 at an irradiation device.
The optical axis of the irradiation light L of 17 coincides with the lower surface 15-3 of the flange 15-2.
Is perpendicular to the optical axis. For this reason, if the reflected light L1 from the hardness measurement position S coincides with the irradiation optical axis, it means that the normal checker V stands at the normal of the hardness measurement position.

A viewing window 15-4 is provided on the open side of the casing 15, so that the irradiation position S of the irradiation light L and the reflection position S1 of the reflected light (broken line) L1 can be visually observed. Since the light receiving plate 17-1 is provided around the tip of the irradiation device 17, it is easy to observe the position S1 of the reflected light. The irradiation position S is the casing 1
Since it is covered with 5, the irradiation position S and the reflection position S1 can be confirmed even in a dark (bright?) Place.

The light to be irradiated is desirably a narrow bundle of visible light (laser beam). If it is not visible light (ultraviolet light), a fluorescent paint or the like may be applied to the hardness measurement position.
Note that one or more light receiving elements may be provided instead of the light receiving plate 17-1.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are conceptual views showing another example of the normal line checker used in the present invention. FIG. 6A is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG.
It is AA sectional drawing of.

The normal checker V1 incorporates an irradiation device 17 on the side surface of a cylindrical casing 18 having both ends opened, and a mirror 19 is mounted inside the casing 18 so as to intersect the axis of the irradiation device 45 at 45 °. ing. The mirror 19 is housed in a frame 19-1, and is fixed to a casing by attaching the frame to holders 20-1, 20-2, 20-3 and 20-4.

A viewing window 18-1 is provided on the open side of the casing 18, so that the irradiation position S of the irradiation light L and the reflection position S1 of the reflected light (broken line) L1 can be visually observed. It is desirable to provide a light receiving plate 17-1 around the tip of the irradiation device 17 to make it easier to observe the position S1 of the reflected light. The irradiation position S
Is covered with the casing 18, so that the irradiation position S and the reflection position S1 can be confirmed even in a bright place.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are conceptual diagrams showing another example of the normal line checker used in the present invention, wherein FIG. 7A is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG.
It is AA sectional drawing of.

The normal checker V2 has an irradiation device 17 on the side surface of a cylindrical casing 21 having one open side, and a light receiving device 22 on the upper portion.
And a half mirror 23 is mounted inside the casing 21 so as to cross the axis of the irradiation device 17 at 45 °. The half mirror 23 is housed in the frame 23-1, and the frame is
-1, 20-2, 20-3 and 20-4 are fixed to the casing.

The irradiation light L from the irradiation device 17 is vertically bent by the half mirror 23 and is irradiated to the irradiation position S. The reflected light (broken line) L1 passes through the half mirror 23 and is captured by the light receiving device 22. The light receiving device 22 may be any device that can observe the irradiation position S with the naked eye like an eyepiece of a microscope. Since the irradiation position S is covered with the casing 21, the irradiation position S and the reflection position S1 can be confirmed even in a bright place.

Next, another embodiment of the hardness measuring apparatus will be described.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are partial cross-sectional views showing another embodiment of a hardness measuring apparatus, wherein FIG. 8A is a plan view showing a position adjusting mechanism, and FIG. 8B is an ultrasonic hardness meter and a normal line checker. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a hardness measuring device provided, and FIG. 2C is a side view showing a position adjusting mechanism.

As shown in FIG. 8A, the support mechanism 24 includes a moving member 24-3 having two through holes 24-1 and 24-2 for holding an ultrasonic hardness meter and a normal checker. And a slide member 24-4. The central axes 24-7 and 24-8 of the through holes 24-1 and 24-2 are parallel in the same plane 24-5, and the plane 24
-5 is the sliding member 24-6 of the moving member 24-3 and the vertical fine movement mechanism 10.
Is fixed in parallel with the side surface 10-5 of the sliding member 10-2. As shown in FIG. 8, the support mechanism 24 has the same structure as the front-back movement mechanism as a mechanism for moving the normal checker and the ultrasonic hardness meter, but has a slide mechanism with a built-in slide ball. Can be used.

The hardness is measured by inserting and holding an ultrasonic hardness meter H and a normal checker V into the through holes 24-1 and 24-2 of the support mechanism 24 as shown in FIG. Do. First, the position adjustment mechanism M is set so that the normal checker V stands above the measurement position of the DUT.
Is fixed to the object to be measured, and the various moving mechanisms (reference numerals 5 to 9) of the position adjusting mechanism M are adjusted so that the axis Va of the normal line checker V coincides with the normal direction of the measurement position. Thereafter, the moving member 24-3 is slid in the front-rear direction by turning the pinion knob 24-6 of the support mechanism 24, and the ultrasonic hardness meter H is moved to the measurement position. The center axis Ha of the ultrasonic hardness tester H and the center axis Va of the normal checker V
Is known, so that by moving the moving member 24-3 by that amount, the ultrasonic hardness meter H can be moved to the position of the normal checker V. The method for measuring the hardness is the same as the method described above.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a hardness measuring apparatus according to another embodiment, in which (a) is a plan view showing a position adjusting mechanism, and (b).
FIG. 3 is a front view showing a hardness measuring device provided with an ultrasonic hardness meter and a normal checker, and FIG. 3C is a side view showing a position adjusting mechanism.

The support mechanism 25 comprises a rotating member 26 and a bracket 27 for supporting the rotating member 26 as shown in FIG. 9A, and is fixed to the vertical fine movement mechanism 10 as shown in FIG. 9B. ing.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are views showing a rotating member, wherein FIG. 10A is a plan view and FIG. 10B is a sectional view.

The rotating member 26 is a cylinder having two through holes 26-1, 26-2 whose central axis 26-3 is a symmetric axis. The central axis 26-3 of the rotating member, the central axis 26-8 of the through hole 26-1 and the central axis 26-9 of the through hole 26-2 are parallel within the same plane 26-4,
The upper surface 26-5 and the lower surface 26-6 of the rotating member are parallel and flat
It is perpendicular to -4. Through holes 26-1 and 26-2 insert and hold an ultrasonic hardness meter and a normal line checker.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a bracket, and FIG.
Is a plan view, (b) is a front sectional view, and (c) is a side sectional view. The bracket 27 includes a table 27-1 and a vertical member 27-2.

The table 27-1 is a cylinder having a through hole 27-3, and has a bottom 27-4 that is open at the bottom. Bottom 27-4
Alternatively, a rotating ball (not shown) or the like is provided on the side wall 27-5, and an outer peripheral portion (reference numeral 26-7 in FIG. 10) and a bottom portion of the outer peripheral portion (reference numeral 26-6 in FIG. Support) and rotate. The vertical portion 27-2 is a vertical fine movement mechanism (reference numeral in FIG. 9B).
10), it is desirable to be made integrally with the table 27-1.

As shown in FIG. 9, the through holes of the table 27-1
The central axis 27-6 of 27-3 and the central axis of the rotating member (reference numeral 26-
3), it is possible to move both members to the same hardness measurement position by rotating the rotating member holding the ultrasonic hardness meter and the normal checker by 180 °. . Also, if the through-hole 26-2 is provided at the position of the broken line, by rotating the angle smaller than 180 °,
The positions of the normal checker and the ultrasonic hardness meter can be moved. The method of measuring the hardness is the same as the method shown in FIGS.

Next, a description will be given of a hardness measuring apparatus provided with a normal line checker in which an irradiation device and a light receiving device are provided at different positions.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams showing a light irradiation device, a light receiving device, and a support mechanism for gripping the hardness measuring device. FIG. 12A is a top view, FIG. 12B is a sectional front view, and FIG. FIG.

The support mechanism 28 has a support member 28-1 at the center.
And an arm 28-2 and an arm 28-3 extending to both ends thereof, and fixed to a vertical fine movement mechanism (see reference numeral 10 in FIG. 3) of a position adjustment mechanism on a side surface of the support member 28-1. Have been.

The upper surface of the support member 28-1, the arm 28-2, and the arm 28-3 of the support mechanism 28 intersect with an inclination of an angle α, and the through holes 28-4, 28-5 are perpendicular to the respective surfaces. And 28-6 are provided. Through holes 28-4, 28-5 and 28
The central axes of -6 are in the same plane 29, respectively.

The support mechanism 28 includes a through hole 28-4 of the support member 28-1.
The ultrasonic hardness tester H is inserted into the through hole 28-5 of the arm 28-2, and the light receiving device 31 is inserted into the through hole 28-6 of the arm 28-3.

The axis 30-1 of the light irradiation device 30 and the light receiving device
Since the axis 31-1 of 31 is in the same plane 29, and the axis 30-1 of the beam irradiation device 30 intersects the axis 26-8 of the ultrasonic hardness meter H at an angle α, The light beam L2 emitted from the irradiation device 30 is reflected by the surface S to be measured, becomes reflected light L3, and enters the light receiving device 31. When the reflected light L3 enters the center of the light receiving device 31, the axis Ha of the ultrasonic hardness meter H coincides with the normal to the measurement position S. In order for the reflected light L3 to enter the center of the light receiving device 31, as described above, the position adjusting mechanism (FIG. 3)
M, see) to adjust the movement mechanism.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are views showing another example of a support mechanism for holding the light beam irradiation device, the light receiving device, and the hardness measuring device. FIG. 13A is a top view, FIG. 13B is a sectional front view, and FIG. () Is a sectional side view.

The support mechanism 32 has a basic structure.
This is the same as the support mechanism 28 shown in FIG. 11, except that a prism 33 is provided below the through hole 32-1 into which the ultrasonic hardness meter H is inserted and gripped.

The prism 33 is a fork 34-
Each ridgeline is supported and held by 1,34-2,34-3. A front-rear movement mechanism 36 fixed to a bracket 35 is attached to the upper surface of the holder 34, and moves the prism 33 in the front-rear direction. This is because after positioning with the surface to be measured S by the light beam irradiation device 30, the light receiving device 31, and the prism 33, the prism 33 is moved and the ultrasonic hardness meter H is inserted.
This is for grasping. By providing the prism 33, it is possible to increase the length of the light beam of the irradiation light and the reflected light, thereby improving the positioning accuracy.

Next, the hardness of the surface of the steel pipe was measured by a hardness measuring device using an ultrasonic hardness meter shown in FIG. 1, a position measuring mechanism of a hardness measuring device shown in FIG. 3, and a normal line verifier shown in FIG. A method for measuring will be described.

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining a method of measuring the hardness of the surface of a steel pipe using the hardness measuring device of the present invention. FIG. 14 (a) shows a position adjusting mechanism with a normal line checker attached. FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional front view, and FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional side view with an ultrasonic hardness meter attached.

First, each moving mechanism of the position adjusting mechanism M (reference numeral 5)
After returning the swing mechanism (reference numerals 8 and 9) to the center position, the normal checker V is attached to the support mechanism 12 as shown in FIG. In this state, the normal line detector V is placed so that the center axis (optical axis (Va) in the figure) is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the steel pipe, and is fixed by the two magnets 14. Since the normal checker V is mounted at a position distant from the center of the two magnets 14, 14, one magnet (the left side in the figure) is mounted at a position lowered from the top of the steel pipe.

Thereafter, a light beam is irradiated to the light spot on the surface of the steel pipe and the light receiving plate of the normal line checker V (reference numeral 17-1 in FIG. 5;
While observing the spot of the reflected light (see reference numeral L1 in FIG. 5), the moving mechanisms 5, 6, 7 and the swing mechanisms 8, 9 of the position adjusting mechanism M are adjusted. With these adjustments, when the light spot captures the hardness measurement position on the surface of the steel pipe in a small and sharp place, and when the reflected light spot on the light receiving plate cannot be observed, the center axis of the normal checker V is used to measure the hardness of the steel pipe. It matches the normal direction set at the position.

When the normal checker V is set up so as to coincide with the normal direction of the hardness measurement position of the steel pipe, the moving mechanisms 5, 6, 7 and the rocking mechanisms 8, 9 are locked (the locking mechanism is not shown). After that, the screw (see reference numeral 12-2 in FIG. 3A) is removed, and the normal checker V is taken out. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 14 (b), an ultrasonic hardness meter H is attached, and the vertical fine movement mechanism 10 adjusts a predetermined interval between the tip of the indenter 1-1 of the vibrating rod 1 and the surface of the steel pipe. And lock. In this state, the vibrating rod 1 is fired on the surface of the steel pipe, and the change in frequency is measured to measure the hardness of the steel pipe.

The normal checker V and the ultrasonic hardness tester H have their respective axes centered through holes 12-1 of the support mechanism 12 of the position adjusting mechanism M.
, The axes do not deviate even if they are replaced. In the above description, an example in which the ultrasonic hardness meter H is set at the 12 o'clock position of the timepiece with respect to the steel pipe is described, but the measurement can also be performed at the 3 o'clock position or the 6 o'clock position.

[0078]

According to the hardness measuring method of the present invention, after confirming the normal direction of the surface of the object to be measured in advance with a normal line verifier, the hardness is measured by attaching the hardness measuring device. The hardness can be measured at right angles to the surface of the measured object from a position or an arbitrary direction. In addition, since the hardness measuring device of the present invention includes a position adjusting mechanism including a three-way adjusting mechanism and an angle adjusting mechanism in which various moving mechanisms are combined, the hardness measuring device is mounted at an arbitrary position in an arbitrary direction. be able to. Since the position adjustment mechanism has a structure that can replace the hardness measurement device or the normal checker, or move the position,
A hardness measuring device is mounted in the normal direction or vertical direction of the measurement surface, and can accurately measure the surface hardness of the structure.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an ultrasonic hardness tester, in which (a) is a side view showing an external appearance, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view, and (c) is a view seen from below.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a hardness measuring device, and FIG.
Is a plan view, (b) is a partial cross-sectional front view, (c) is a partial cross-sectional side view, and (d) is a rear view.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a position adjusting mechanism, and FIG.
Is a plan view, (b) is a front view, (c) is a partial cross-sectional side view and
(d) is a rear view.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a state in which a support mechanism in a position adjusting mechanism of the hardness measuring device is attached to a vertical fine movement mechanism, and FIG.
Is a partial cross-sectional front view, (b) is an AA cross-sectional view of FIG. (A), and (c) is a view.
FIG. 3 (a) is a sectional view taken along line BB.

5A and 5B are conceptual diagrams showing an example of a normal line checker used in the present invention, wherein FIG. 5A is a partial cross-sectional view showing the appearance, FIG. 5B is a vertical cross-sectional view, and FIG. It is AA sectional drawing of.

6A and 6B are conceptual diagrams showing another example of the normal line checker used in the present invention, wherein FIG. 6A is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are conceptual diagrams showing another example of the normal line checker used in the present invention, wherein FIG. 7A is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a hardness measuring device of another embodiment, (a) is a plan view showing a position adjusting mechanism, and (b) is a hard disk provided with an ultrasonic hardness meter and a normal line checker. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a height measuring device, and FIG. 2C is a side view showing a position adjusting mechanism.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a hardness measuring apparatus according to another embodiment, wherein (a) is a plan view showing a position adjusting mechanism, and (b) is a hard disk provided with an ultrasonic hardness meter and a normal checker. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a height measuring device, and FIG. 2C is a side view showing a position adjusting mechanism.

10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating a rotating member, wherein FIG. 10A is a plan view and FIG.
Is a sectional view.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a bracket, (a) is a plan view,
(b) is a front sectional view, and (c) is a side sectional view. The bracket 27 includes a table 27-1 and a vertical portion 27-2.

12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating a light irradiation device, a light receiving device, and a support mechanism that grips a hardness measuring device, wherein FIG. 12A is a top view, FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional front view, and FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional side view. .

13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating another example of a support mechanism that holds a light irradiation device, a light receiving device, and a hardness measuring device, wherein FIG. 13A is a top view, FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional front view, and FIG. It is a side view.

14A and 14B are diagrams for explaining a method of measuring the hardness of the surface of a steel pipe using the hardness measuring device of the present invention, and FIG. 14A is a partial cross section in which a normal checker is attached to a position adjusting mechanism. Front view,
(b) is a partial cross-sectional side view to which an ultrasonic hardness meter is attached.

[Explanation of symbols]

 HA. Hardness measuring device H. Ultrasonic hardness tester (hardness measuring device) Normal line checker M. Position adjustment mechanism M1. Three-way adjustment mechanism M2. Angle adjustment mechanism 1. Vibrating rod 2. Spring mechanism 3. Casing 4. Substrate 5. Left and right moving mechanism 6. 6. Vertical movement mechanism 7. Front and rear sliding mechanism Left and right swing mechanism 9. Back and forth swing mechanism 10. Vertical fine movement mechanism 11. Connecting rod 12. Support mechanism 13. Bracket 14. Magnet 15． Casing 16. Battery 17． Irradiation equipment 18. Casing 19. Mirror 20. Holder 21. Casing 22. Light receiving device 23. Half mirror 24,25. Support mechanism 26. Rotating member 27. Bracket 28. Support mechanism 29. Plane 30. Irradiation equipment 31. Light receiving device 32. Support mechanism 33. Prism 34. Holder 35. bracket

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masaaki Hirota 2-82 Watanabe-dori, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture Inside Kyushu Electric Power Company (72) Inventor Hajime Watanabe 2-Chome, Watanabe, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture No. 1 82 Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. (72) Katsuhiko Matsuda Inventor, Katsuhiko Matsubayashi 1 Higashi-Mukojima Nishinocho, Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.Kansai Factory Special Pipe Works (72) Inventor Joshimi Kobayashi Amagasaki Hyogo No. 1 Nishinocho, Higashi-Mukojima, Sumitomo Metal Technology Co., Ltd. Kansai Division

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A surface of an object to be measured is irradiated with a light beam, and the normal direction of the surface of the object to be measured is confirmed by the optical axis of the reflected light beam and the optical axis of the irradiated light beam. A hardness measurement method characterized by measuring hardness. 2. A hardness measuring apparatus having a mechanism capable of moving and rotating in three directions of up, down, front and rear and left and right, wherein the mechanism capable of moving and rotating in three directions is a left and right moving mechanism, a vertical moving mechanism on a substrate. A three-way adjustment mechanism assembled by stacking a mechanism and a front-back movement mechanism, and an angle adjustment mechanism assembled by stacking a left-right swing mechanism, a front-rear swing mechanism and a vertical fine movement mechanism are connected by a connecting rod, A hardness measuring device, wherein the support mechanism provided in the vertical fine movement mechanism includes a through hole into which a normal line checker and a hardness measuring device can be replaced and inserted. 3. A hardness measuring apparatus having a mechanism capable of moving and rotating in three directions of up, down, front and rear, and left and right, wherein the mechanism capable of moving and rotating in three directions is a left and right moving mechanism, a vertical moving mechanism on a substrate. A three-way adjustment mechanism assembled by stacking a mechanism and a front-back movement mechanism, and an angle adjustment mechanism assembled by stacking a left-right swing mechanism, a front-rear swing mechanism and a vertical fine movement mechanism are connected by a connecting rod, A hardness measuring device, wherein the supporting mechanism provided in the vertical fine movement mechanism includes a plurality of through holes to which a normal line checker and a hardness measuring device are attached. 4. A supporting member to which the normal checking device and the hardness measuring device are attached has a moving member having two through holes, and a central axis of each through hole is parallel in the same plane;
The hardness measuring device according to claim 3, further comprising a slide member that supports the moving member in a direction connecting the central axes of the two through holes. 5. A supporting mechanism to which said normal line checker and hardness measuring device are attached comprises a rotating member having two through holes and a bracket for supporting the rotating member concentrically. The hardness measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the central axis is in the same circumferential plane with the rotating member as the central axis and is parallel. 6. The support mechanism includes a hardness measuring device in the center, an irradiation device at one end, and a light receiving device at the other end.
Their central axes are in the same plane, and the angles between the central axes of the irradiation device and the light receiving device and the central axis of the hardness measuring device are equal. The hardness measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the device and the light receiving device constitute a normal line checker. 7. The support mechanism includes a hardness measuring device in the center, an irradiation device at one end, and a light receiving device at the other end.
Their central axes are in the same plane, and the included angles of the central axes of the irradiation device and the light receiving device and the central axis of the hardness measuring device are equal, each intersect on the central axis of the hardness measuring device, The hardness measuring device according to claim 3, wherein a prism is provided at a position below the measuring device, and the irradiation device, the light receiving device, and the prism constitute a normal line checker.