JP2000508808A - Compositions containing crystalline-like transition metal materials and methods of using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) The present invention includes applications including, but not limited to, (1) lightweight ferromagnetic applications, computer and data storage engineering; (2) recording engineering. (3) optical copy devices; (4) optical switches; (5) magnetic analog films; and (6) electronic devices and sensors.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION           Compositions containing crystalline-like transition metal materials and methods of using the same                               Reference to related application   This application is a continuation-in-part of US Patent Application No. 08 / 621,363, filed March 25, 1996. And U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08 / 228,782 ( (Filed April 18, 1994, issued as US Patent No. 5,501,808) Application.                                 Field of the invention   The present invention relates to a substance having a crystal-like structure containing a transition metal exhibiting unique electronic properties. Related.                                 Background of the Invention   Magneto-optical compounds have been known for some time and they are known as magneto-optical (MO) substances. Also called. (1970) Philips Tech. Rev. 31:33; Enz et al. (1971) J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq: Pt. 21-703; and Verdaguer (1996) Science 272: 698. Normal magnetic characteristics A change in gender is either an intrinsic increase or decrease in magnetization, and the compound becomes ferromagnetic. Exists in a paramagnetic or diamagnetic state.   MO materials were used in devices to store and recover magnetic information in the late 1980s . This material is magneto-optical, but is supplied by a laser in actual use. It is considered that the magnetic properties of the material are affected by the thermal heating. This principle is key The surface rises to a temperature above the Curie point. At this Curie point, The air domain can easily align with the applied magnetic field. Kryder (1993) Annu.Rev.Mater .Sci.23: 411. The information stored in the magnetically aligned domains is a second polarization low power Recovered by laser. This laser produces an effect known as the polar Kerr effect. More changed. The angle of polarization of light is rotated when reflected from a magnetically biased surface. I do. A disadvantage of this type of MO system is that the effective area (area density) where information can be stored But is much larger than the width of the laser beam due to heat propagation into the medium. It will be. The speed at which magnetic properties can change is limited to the speed of sound in a substance. Which is generally much slower than typical electronic excitation.   MO disk drive is a computer as a high capacity erasable storage A growing technology that finds the way to. When they were introduced to the market in 1989, The removable 5-inch disk had a storage capacity of 650 megabytes of information. MO Disks are also extremely stable in magnetic fields. However, 5 inch discs are It turned out to be cumbersome for personal use. " Kryder (1993). MO disk saw Despite the drawbacks and other drawbacks, the estimated sales of $ 261 million in 1991 And realized 26% growth over the next six years.   MO drives have a few qualities that are distinguished from typical magnetic storage. MO dry Is a hybrid between a floppy disk drive and a fixed hard disk drive. Can be considered as The MO drive has a removable disk because the disk is removable. Hard drive, which is like a floppy drive and can store large amounts of data It is like. This combination provides a cost-effective way to store large amounts of data. provide. For example, a 3 inch MO drive can hold 127 megabytes of data You. A further advantage of MO drives is that they do not substantially pass magnetic field effects at room temperature It is. This is an effect that neither floppy disk nor fixed hard disk can provide It is. Briefly, the effect is that thin films whose coercivity is extremely temperature-dependent Due to the use of In addition to all these benefits, the MO drive offers enhanced security It is qualitative. MO disk drives have a life span of at least 10 years Have the potential to have a lifetime, and 20 years can be expected. In addition, the anisotropy at 50 ° C Can be expected to suffer less than a 10% drop during the 70 year annealing. These characteristics All (high storage capacity, insensitivity to magnetic fields, and long-term stability) Disc promote new technology.   MO disks also replace traditional hard disk drives with MO disks There are several disadvantages that prevent this. MO drives are fixed hard disk drives. Does not work as well as Eve. MO disk is 10-15mm of hard disk drive It has an access time of 50-100 milliseconds per second. MO drive is also hard Per second for 2 or 3 megabytes per second of the disk drive It has a data rate of about one megabyte. With the fact that MO drives are still rare These drawbacks make it difficult for MO drives to gain widespread acceptance and popularity.   Given the advantages and disadvantages of the MO disk drive described above, Disks cannot be replaced with floppy disks or hard disks. MO Do Lives are too expensive and rare, so they are used instead of floppy disks. On the other hand, it is too slow to be used in place of a hard disk. Still, MO disks have found their place in the field of data storage. MO drive Most suitable for storing large, or infrequently used data. This As such, the dataset can be written to the MO disc and until needed again Can be literally placed on a shelf.   The thin film can be any film between a few Angstroms and a few microns . Thin film deposition is a complex science and is a practically many technique. Most sediment The process requires high vacuum as high as 10-10 Torr for some applications I do. Many different deposition methods are available, depending on the application. Used for MO drive Sputtering works well for the deposition of rare earth transition metal films used It has been found that   Extensive sophistication required by vacuum technology due to stringent vacuum requirements of thin films (Sophistication) exists. Impurities do not evaporate and do not deposit on the film The leak must be sealed and the vacuum chamber must be clean. Gas leaks through the chamber walls and evaporation of the chamber walls also occur at higher vacuum. Must be taken into account.   Sputtering involves placing the target under vacuum with the substrate, and removing atoms from the target. It is a technique that exits and collides to deposit on a substrate. Target vacuums target atoms It collides with high-energy particles (eg, 1 KeV Ar ions) that are driven away. vacuum When inside, atoms from the target deposit on the substrate as well as on the chamber walls. Spatter One major advantage of tarring is the ability to deposit films with the same composition as the target. It is ability. Other techniques do not necessarily have this advantage. Because Atoms evaporate at different rates and the diffusion rate is higher at higher temperatures used in other technologies It is. Thus, the target can be made with a specific composition and the correct composition Sputtered with assurance that it will be deposited on.   The basic theory behind the background of MO drives is that materials with very temperature-sensitive magnetic properties Use. This material must have a Curie temperature above room temperature. The Curie temperature is the temperature at which a material changes between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic. Curie Below temperature, the material is ferromagnetic and has a magnetic susceptibility of (about 106). this is, It means that it is very difficult to change the magnetic field associated with the material. Kyu Above the Lee temperature, the material is paramagnetic and has a magnetic susceptibility of (about 10-6). This This means that the magnetic field of a substance is easily changed by the surrounding magnetic field. Ferromagnetic This change from paramagnetic to paramagnetic is used for MO and is written using lasers and magnetic fields. And erase.   Writing to an MO disk can be shown schematically in FIG. 1A. All domains are Initially, it is set in the "upward" direction. Therefore, "downward" Only the direction domain needs to be written. The process reduces the magnetic field in the downward direction It starts by giving it to the disc. The applied magnetic field affects the film at room temperature. Significantly lower than the magnetic field required to give, so that the film is unaffected Remains. Next, a micron-sized diode laser is applied to the film surface. Give a pulse. In the area where the laser pulsed, the film was heated to about 300 ° C. Get heated. This causes the film temperature to exceed the Curie temperature (the film is Is sufficient to raise. At this point, the laser-irradiated domain Changes in the downward direction (ie, the direction of the applied magnetic field). pulse When stopped, the film cools and freezes with downward magnetization. Downward domain is , Can be used to represent one in binary memory, while the upward domain May be used to represent 0. In fact, the two domains are each bit Is necessary for The second domain is always 0 and 1 is recognized without ambiguity As used for comparison.   Overwriting information on currently available MO drives is a two-step process You. First, old information is deleted. This sets the magnetic field in the upward direction, and This is done by continuously scanning the laser as the disk rotates. The magnetic field is then set downward and the laser is pulsed as described above. To write new information. Therefore, two paths overwrite information It is necessary to This inherent incompetence slows down the MO drive and The main drawback. However, a single pass overwrite where the magnetic field is modulated at the data rate is required. Is required. In addition, the magnetic head ensures that the domain being cooled is not affected In addition, it must be small and very close to the recording film. This The major advantage of MO drives, the large space between head and media, is eliminated.   Reading magneto-optical media also uses a laser in the drive, Reduced strength so that no heating occurs. The magnetic field can be read by a magnetic head However, this requires a very small head very close to the media. The above As such, such a setting eliminates a significant advantage of MO drives. Figure 1B shows the data FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a method in which data is read from a magneto-optical disk. Diode laser The laser emits a reduced beam through the polarizer and is focused on the disk. Depolarization surface depends on the magnetization of the domain that reflects the beam due to the polar Kerr MO effect And rotate a small angle ± (K). The reflected light is then split by a beam splitter. And sent through a second planar polarizer called an analyzer. The analyzer then determines that the beam reflected by the upward magnetization is completely canceled. It can be arranged to be. This causes no signal to be detected by the photodetector In this case, 0 could be recorded. The beam reflected from the downward magnetization is then less At least in part, it passes through the analyzer and is detected by a photodetector. Next Thus, 1 could be recorded. Therefore, the binary pattern on the MO disk Are read out by the polar Kerr magneto-optic effect.   In an attempt to fit more data to the disc, shortwave media is being studied. Is being studied. Of a laser that emits light at 400nm used instead of the 800nm standard Development is a relatively simple task. Keep the required magnetic field in such a small domain. It is difficult to find substances to carry. The most promising substances in research Although it is kuroishi, there is still a problem to be solved.   Garnet has many attractive properties that make it promising for future MO applications. I do. Their MO effect is small around the 800nm range, but the effect increases around 400nm . Garnet is also very stable against corrosion and long-term annealing. It Are resistant to annealing even at temperatures of hundreds of degrees Celsius. With these characteristics Rather, garnet is a very attractive choice for short wavelength media.   Unfortunately, garnet has two major problems that have not yet been solved. Zaza Substrates must also be resistant because garnet is resistant to annealing at high temperatures. I have to. Because garnet must be deposited even at high temperatures It is. This eliminates the plastic substrate used in current MO disks. Most substrates (except glass) are too expensive for low cost storage media. Low Due to cost and high resistance to temperature and corrosion, the glass must be at least For a minute, garnet can be very good as the only substrate that can be used. Pomegranate Another major problem with stones is that they have a poor signal-to-noise ratio . Garnet tends to have a particle size of about 400 nm, which leads to Wall with particle boundaries. This allows for large fluctuations in domain size and Noise occurs. Some studies show that particle sizes can be as low as 30 nm You. This shows that the domain wall problem with particle boundaries can be resolved soon. You.   A recent conclusion is that MO disk drives find themselves in large numbers of storage locations. It is a long-lasting technology. Their large storage capacity and relatively slow read / write Due to time, MO disk drives can store large amounts of data that Most suitable. There are a number of techniques related to thin film deposition, but There are still very few skills to be learned. MO drive by laser Large domains that change small domains when heated above their Curie temperature It works based on a magnetic field.   Overwriting old data requires two passes of the write head. One is Erasing the data and writing the new data. This double path Is one of the reasons why MO drives are slower than conventional magnetic hard disks. MO de Reading data from disk is rotated by the magnetization of the domain being read (Polar Kerr effect), including low intensity laser beams that are plane polarized. Future MO Dora Eve uses a laser with a wavelength of 400 nm, probably on a glass substrate It is expected to have rocks.   Optical switches or optical switching will be an important future for the computer industry. Is the purpose. Islam (1993) Byte 17: 183. An optical switch is defined as one optical signal. Is a device that allows the signal to affect the properties of the second optical signal. Go Several types of optical switches have been developed, most of which are electro-optical. Some switches require an external potential to function. McIntyre et al. (1990) SP IE Proc.Ser.1378: 162. Recently, only light is needed to operate and has been proposed Some of the most desirable optical switches in the optical computer industry have been developed Have been. Unfortunately, these are based on photoinduced chemistry or structural changes in switch materials. Switches are inherently slow, so their usefulness is limited. Islam (1993 And Wood et al. (1989) SPIE Proc. Ser. 1105: 154.   Optical copying is generally achieved using substances that produce an electrostatic charge when illuminated with light. It is. Mercer (1967) "Photography and Photocopying" 3rd edition, MacDonald and And Evans, London, pp. 29-34. The electrostatic ink is then exposed to the light that forms the image Is assigned to the specified area. The disadvantage of this design is that most materials are The other parts of the machine with unwanted electrostatic charges. Movement to the minute can occur. This, in turn, affects the function of the optical copier. Present The use of magneto-optical compounds in place of in-use electrostatic compounds has reduced this problem. Limit. Because most materials do not respond to magnetic fields.   The development of new materials with essential parameters that affect electrical properties, It is becoming more and more important and is beginning to encompass various scientific disciplines. Delocalization Co-crystalline materials, including π-systems, have other properties, such as partially filled electron energy. Energy level and certain types of electron-phonon coupling) It is known that in some cases they exhibit interesting electronic properties. For example, Kittel, Introducti on to Solid State Physics, 6th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (198 6), pages 338-340. Examples of substances having these properties include Zhu et al., Na Nature, 355: 712-714 (1992). Doped polyacetylene, p-dos described in MacDiarmid et al., Synth. Met., 18: 285 (1987). Suprapolyaniline, Sulfur Nitride (SN) described in Labes et al., Chem. Rev., 79: 1 (1979), And Haddon et al., Nature, 350: 320-322 (1991).₆₀ Is mentioned. These materials range in parameters from semiconductors to metal-like conductors. As can be seen, many are superconductive. For example, intercalated C₆₀The substance is 45K Superconducting conversion temperature (T_c).   Some copper oxide containing compounds have a T of about 125K._cFound to have a value And this is thought to be due to the copper and oxygen planes spreading in these materials I have. See Cava, Sci. Amer., 263: 42-49 (1990). Copper and copper And oxygen atoms form only 90 ° and 180 ° angles of bonding. Such a knot Can have important effects on the electronic system. Because the d and p electrons of the atom This is because the orbits are orthogonal to each other. The performance of the copper oxide-containing compound is as follows: There is interest in studying materials having structures and dimensions similar to surfaces. The substance that mimics the planar structure geometrically is the Hofmann clathrate, The best known of them is Iwamoto, Inclusion Compounds, 1: 29-42, Academi c Ni, CN disclosed by Press, London (1984)_TwoNH_ThreeC₆H₆It is. But things Quality electronic properties are not very interesting. It is very good insulation Negative resistance vs. temperature gradient expected for insulators Have a distribution. There is no evidence for π delocalization in the crystal structure. Across these compounds The delocalized π system is restricted, and [Ni (CN)_Four]^2-Considered to spread only over units available. Other compounds having a structure that mimics the Cu-O plane are described by Shriver et al., Inorg.C. hem., 4: 725-730 (1965). These compounds Octahedrons in which the network is three-dimensional and connected by linear cyanide units It differs in that it is composed of a transition metal. These compounds are not clathrates And a counter ion such as an alkali metal in the lattice. Delocalization in these compounds Localization is also restricted, and [M (X) (CN)₆]^{-6 + X}Thought to spread only over units Can be Here, X is the oxidation state of the transition metal, and is generally +2 or +3. . π delocalization spreads further than the copper oxide plane, resulting in new electronic properties It is desirable to provide a compound.                                 Summary of the Invention   It is an object of the present invention to include a magneto-optical material that increases local magnetization after being irradiated with light. To provide a device and method of use.   Apparatus and method of use include optical computer and computer disc Includes both read-write capacity and random access memory; lightweight motor; magnetic Analog film, tape or substrate; digital film, tape or substrate An optical switch; having an optical copy and a sensor.   According to the present invention, the group consisting of Ni (II), Pd (II), Pt (II), Au (III), Ir (I), Rh (I) Preferred planar compounds containing more selected transition metals, and Fe (II), Fe (III), C o (II), Co (III), Cr (III), Mn (II), Mn (III), Mo (II), Os (II), Rh (III), Ru (II Use of a three-dimensional compound containing a transition metal selected from the group consisting of I) and Ir (III) Is provided. Here, the infrared spectra of these compounds show the metal-carbon stretch 595-655cm^-1It has a fingerprint peak in the range. In a preferred embodiment, the compound Is ferromagnetic and contains nickel, iron or cobalt, 5 g / cm^ThreeLess than And exhibit enhanced ferromagnetism when exposed to light or thermal energy. Nicke A planar compound such as a compound consisting of 5 gm / cm^ThreeHas a density of less than Fe also Is 3 gm / cm such as a compound containing Co.^ThreeHas a density of less than                             BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES   Various other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings. When considered, it is better appreciated and at the same time better understood. In this drawing Indicates the same or similar characteristics through several figures for reference are doing. And in this specification, each figure is as follows.   FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art magneto-optical read / write mechanism. FIG. 1A shows an MO disk FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method used for writing. Figure 1B shows how to read MO disc FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method used.   Figure 2 shows that PM and NFM particles are uniformly blended into a tape or substrate. FIG. 2 is a schematic view from the top of a magnetic tape or a base material.   Figure 3 shows a layer of NFM such as a floppy disk or computer disk FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cross section of a PM coated on a.   4A and 4B show the mechanism of operation of the storage of information in the device shown in FIG. Is shown. In FIG. 4A, the applied magnetic field traverses the PM and NFM layers. NFM domain Note that is randomly oriented at right angles to the applied magnetic field. Magnetism imparted Place B_criticalNote that it is less. This is an unrecorded storage medium. Body. In FIG. 4B, λ_resIs assigned to one NFM domain, and the domain Form a region of induced magnetism (or an enhanced local magnetic field) at B_localTo B_critical Raises higher and causes domain bias.   FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical switch. The polarization (P) of the optical signal (B) is Changed by (A).   FIG. 6 shows a partial atomic structure of a planar compound for use in the present invention. It is.   FIG. 7 shows a partial atomic structure of a 3-D compound for use in the present invention. It is.   8A-C show possible stacking configurations of planar compounds for use in the present invention. Is represented.   FIG. 9 shows the atomic structure of a planar compound for use in the present invention, showing cations. It was done.   FIG. 10 is an infrared spectrum of a compound for use in the present invention.                       Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment   "Magneto-optical material" (PM) as used herein is defined as light having a specific wavelength and intensity. Refers to any material whose magnetic properties change when exposed.   As used herein, "resonant wavelength" (λ_res) Is the light that maximizes the light-induced effect Refers to the wavelength of   As used herein, "normal ferromagnetic material" ")" (NFM) refers to any material that can be permanently magnetized.   As used herein, "optical switch" refers to a true optical computer (true opti cal switch) and refers to one optical signal to a second A device that can be turned into an optical signal. Such properties include phase, polarization, and And frequencies, but are not limited thereto. Preferably, this change is easily It can be measured.   The present invention relates to (1) lightweight ferromagnetic applications, computer and data storage, (2) Recording technology, (3) optical copy device, (4) optical switch, (5) magnetic analog film and And (6) including but not limited to applications including electronic devices and sensors. Not.   Now, MO materials are incorporated by using materials with true magneto-optical properties Further, the above-mentioned device can be improved. The area density of these materials is Only due to the small effects of the system width, light wavelength, and light scattering on the substrate surface Limited. This is what can now be achieved with MO systems An effective storage area several orders of magnitude smaller can be provided. The second improvement is The rate at which information can be stored by the material. This is because PM material is selected In the event of a failure, it can be realized because it has a mechanism that is electronically based. By light absorption Induced electronic excitation usually occurs on the sub-nanosecond time scale, Causes changes in the magnetic properties of the material to be several orders of magnitude smaller than currently used compounds. You.   The use of electrically-based magneto-optical materials to achieve optical switching has Switches can operate on a sub-nanosecond time scale, Can be used.   With respect to the magneto-optical effect, PM is suitable for use in optical computers. This specification The compositions described in are most likely to be able to convert optical information into magnetic information. This is a preferred PM because it is one of the rarely known materials. Information is optical Although it can be transmitted, it must still be stored magnetically. Therefore, light The computer industry has developed an interface between light-based systems and magnetic data storage systems. Looking for a material that can act as an interface.   Furthermore, the fact that PM responds magneto-optically can be written with laser light, Then create the possibility of a "read / write" CD that can be erased and reused Build. Current literacy techniques are heat-based and therefore less accurate And the disk degrades faster than the low temperature technology using the magneto-optical effect.   The lightness of PM is important because the magnet is currently used, and the weight of the device is important It means that it is suitable for use in all devices. Made with PM The resulting magnet is substantially less weight than a conventional magnet. Therefore, made from PM Magnets are used in electric vehicles, airplanes and portable devices where weight is important. Suitable for use on a computer.   Derivatives of special magneto-optical materials are ferromagnetic materials without the help of light It can be made in a material (US Pat. No. 5,501,808). These materials are very small It has a physical density but still has a reasonably high magnetic density. These lightweight magnets Machines where weight is a significant factor (e.g., electric vehicles, airplanes and Suitable for use in motors of electronic devices.   Recording technology  A potential application is to respond directly to light and form a magnetic image The development of tapes or films impregnated with photomagnetic particles. Audio In the field of visual and visual recording, digital codes are And thus the amount of information that can be stored on the tape increases. laser -Beam technology is already well developed in connection with CD-ROM technology. So it Adapting to PM-based technology will not show any major technology barriers . Furthermore, in the field of visual recording, images are printed in analog form on PM impregnated tape. Can be stored directly in the formula, ie the image is actually stored magnetically. This is the image Is a conventional movie that is directly stored on the film in a one-to-one correspondence by a chemical process. Similar to the celluloid film process. However, using PM-based technology Tape is reused and easily edited like a magnetic videotape Has the potential.   Magnetic information storage  Recording and accessing information on magneto-optical media is as follows: Can be achieved.   As shown in FIG. 2, PM particles (represented by X in FIG. 1) It is associated with NFM particles (represented by O in FIG. 2). In another structure, the PM is shown in FIG. It is coated on top of the NFM layer.   The information is placed on the material as follows.   Referring to FIG. 4A, the resulting conjugate was magnetically loaded with an NFM domain. Critical field (B_criticalGranted less than) Magnetic field (B_applied). As shown in FIG. 4B, the resonance wavelength (λ_res)Light of Is applied to one or all surfaces on the surface containing PM, the PM's magnetic vector increases. Add. This is B_local= Μ (λ_res) B_appliedAccording to the relationship, the locally applied magnetic field (B_{l ocal} ) To increase the intensity. Where μ (λ_res) Is defined as PM light-induced magnetic permeability Is done. B_localIs B_criticalMade larger, and this time the NFM at that point Induce a magnetic bias vector parallel to the applied magnetic field in the domain. In FIG. 4B The stitch area indicates an area of induced or enhanced local magnetization. λ_resShine Shooting, B_appliedAnd one NFM domain is arranged in one line. This domain is magnetic Includes energy information. This process occurs at a speed close to light. This process is It is reversible by reversing the applied magnetic field. In FIG. 4, the applied magnetic field is arbitrary. It can be applied at any angle. Similarly, the light beam can be oriented at any angle to PM. Can be   Magnetic information can be used to monitor the polar Kerr rotation of the light source reflected from the surface of the complex. And can be accessed by Preferably, the light source is λ_resis not. Or λ_res, The light source is below the critical intensity.   The formation of analog magnetic information, gray and color scales differ on the surface Achieved as described above, except that it can be represented by a change in the magnetic vector at a point You. These changes are based on light intensity (gray scale) and μ (λ_resChange the size of) Is induced by changes in the wavelength of light (color scale) that Is a function of This, in addition, results in an NFM dot at each point forming an analog magnetic image. Determine the magnetization vector in the main.   Magneto-optical materials can be used in the field of image recording. Images are directly in analog form It can be stored on a tape or substrate impregnated with a photomagnetic compound. That is, the image Can be stored magnetically in nature. This is because the image is directly scanned by a chemical process. Similar to the conventional motion picture celluloid film process that is stored on the film in a one-to-one correspondence. Similar. However, with this new technology, the tape is reused and It can be easily edited like a magnetic videotape.   Optical copy technology  Another application is the development of new optical copy processes. Present light The copying process uses a photosensitive material with a combination of electrostatic charging and ink Guide to copy surface. Photomagnetism combined with magnetic fields using the same conceptual approach A material can be used to direct the ink to the copy surface.   Electrical devices and sensors  Sensors are used in a ubiquitous fashion throughout the industry Have been. When used as an optical sensor, the magneto-optical material is better than the photodiode. It is versatile. Magneto-optical materials can respond to light intensity, magnetic field strength, temperature and light wavelength (US Patent No. 5,501,808). This is usually due to light intensity and a limited range of wavelengths In contrast to photodiodes that only respond to. With a magnetic field provided by a magneto-optical material If they do, the wavelength of the light they respond to may vary with the strength of the applied magnetic field. Sensors made of these materials can respond to specific frequencies of light.   Any electronic device that is currently based on ferromagnet is essentially light It can be enhanced by using magnetic materials. In most electronic devices The electron speed is about 1% of the speed of light, while the light signal travels at 90% of the speed of light. Therefore, using a ferromagnetic material that can respond to optical signals clearly has the advantage of speed. provide. Magneto-optical materials also detect light, magnetic fields, and / or combinations thereof Provide a new way to do it. As an optical sensor, it is more than a photodiode It is versatile. Preliminary tests show that the threshold of the light frequency that produces the magneto-optical effect is not It appears to change with the strength of the applied magnetic field. Therefore, the sensors have different amplitudes. It can be "tuned" to respond to power light. This is different In contrast to photodiodes where the material needs to be used for each frequency range .   Optical switching  Optical switching can be achieved as follows. In FIG. As shown, the PM layer is placed in an applied magnetic field. λ_resLight Signa at (A) is incident on a point on this PM layer, while the second polarized signal (B) is (A) Reflect from the same point. PM induced magnetization μ (λ_res) Reduces the bias of signal (B). Causes the signal (B) to change due to the polar Kerr rotation effect.   There are many products that need to have the lightest possible electric motor . For example, electric vehicles are very much used to save energy and driving efficiency. Light It is necessary to have a quantity of electric motors; due to excessive weight, electric vehicles Traveling is inefficient and expensive. For example, Magneto made from PM Cars driven by electric motors with cutouts are more efficient and more Can operate long distances.   Another example is a portable audio and video recording device. The markets are Products are as light and small as possible. But each device The chair is an electrical machine for winding video or audio tapes by machine. Must have a motor. Since the motor includes a magnet, these One of the heaviest components in the device. PM substantially reduces this weight I do.   The two main applications in the computer / data storage market are: (1) High speed optical computer and (2) laser mediated data storage. Optical compilation An essential part of the computer is the so-called "optical chip", which is Use light instead.   Ordinary floppy disks use magnetic storage to store about 2 megabytes of data. Remember Optical discs can store up to 600 megabytes of data. Conventional light The disadvantages of magnetic disks (such as CD-ROM disks) are that unlike magnetic disks, And cannot re-record new data. So the past 10 years Over time, the data storage industry has developed MO disks. MO disk is magnetic Information is stored magnetically like a disk, so information can be erased and rewritten. However, since reading and writing can be performed using light, Enables high data storage capacity.   MO discs are currently mainly manufactured and sold by Philips and Sony . Philips and Sony also read and write such discs. Necessary drives are also made.   PM is an application in the area of MO disks. Current magneto-optical discs It operates by a heating process that is relatively inefficient. The recording is on the metal surface of the disc. Performed by a high-power writing laser that quickly heats a small area and is magnetized The molecules are aligned along the magnet below. When playing, special fill Filtered low-power laser light strikes these molecules and the light is It changes slightly as it bounces off the disc. The reflected light is then transmitted to an electronic signal. Is converted to To erase, the machine simply reverses the current in the magnet. The writing laser returns, and the molecules are otherwise flipped .   PM can become ferromagnetic in the presence of the exact frequency of light, and ferromagnetic materials Therefore, the surface of the magnetic disk can be impregnated with PM. This result As a result, the writing laser increases the magnetic field in the area where the beam strikes at critical intensity. This area (only this area) is "aligned" as in the case of the conventional magneto-optical disk. (Flip). However, this process does not use heat, so the inefficiencies of thermal transitions (E.g., slow speed, low resolution of the light-affected zone, material destruction) are avoided. Reading Extrusion is achieved exactly as with current heat-based technologies. Erasing the current It is simpler and more efficient than using a heat-based system. Because di The entire disk is not heated in the presence of the reversing magnetic field, but is heated in the presence of the reversing magnetic field. Simply because they are exposed to light.   The present invention relates to compounds having only one type of transition metal, and to planar or three-dimensional structures. Having a mixture of transition metals having similar coordination properties to form any of the structures The use of objects. The molar ratio of transition metal in this compound can vary widely. A continuous ratio of mixing is possible. The mixed transition metal is Iwam Planar Hotmann clathrate described by oto et al. (supra); by Shriver et al. (supra). "Prussian Blues"; and Sonogashira et al. Organomet. Chem . 160: 319-327 (1978). The present invention The compound of the present invention contains a transition metal as described above in a coordination crystal structure, and as a result, the metal- Carbon stretch is 595cm in its infrared spectrum^-1~ 655cm^-1Within the range of blow Provide a fingerprint fingerprint that Hydrated form of the crystal-like compound of the present invention containing nickel Is about 625 cm of the IR spectrum^-1Has a fingerprint peak, and has an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum. It has a fingerprint peak of about 7.98 ° in the torr.   Transition metals useful for forming crystal-like compounds having a planar structure are square planar Those capable of forming a complex (for example, Ni (II), Pd (II), Pt (II), Au (III), Ir (I), And Rh (I)). These transition metal species provide bond angles of 90 ° and 180 ° I do. Transition metals intended for use in crystal-like compounds with three-dimensional networks Can form an octahedral complex with carbon. These include Fe (II), Fe (III), Co (II), C o (III), Cr (III), Mn (II), Mn (III), Mo (II), Os (II), Rh (III), Ru (III), and And Ir (III). These transition metals are properly bonded to the copper oxide plane. Provide a corner. When forming a transition metal plane or three-dimensional network, the transition The metal is reacted with a coordination compound or ligand to complete the crystal structure of the compound You.   The unit cell for these crystal-like compounds depends on the transition metal used. , Planar or three-dimensional. The size of this unit cell depends on the transition metal used. It changes with. Two axes (a and b) for a unit cell with a planar crystal structure ) Has a dimension that is the product of the values in the range 4.90 ° to 5.10 °. This value is the bond length Changes depending on the transition metal due to the change in length. The multiplier N is typically 1 to 1000, more typically less than 100. Thus, for axes a and b, All dimension ranges can be expressed as 4.9 ° N to 5.1 ° N. Axes a and b are of equal dimensions You do not need to have a law. Distance from plane is 3.5 、 -4.5 for non-hydrated compounds Å For intercalating compounds or hydrated compounds, change from 3.5Å to 10Å Can be The C-axis is the product of some of the distance between the planes. Nickel compounds Thus, the dimensions of the two axes a and b are both about 10.13 ° (N = 2), The distance between the planes is about 6.75 °, and the C axis is considered to be about 13.5 °. You.   The unit cell of the three-dimensional compound is in the range of 4.9Å to 5.1Å depending on the transition metal Have axes a, b, and c having dimensions expressed by the product of The multiplier N is also Typically 1-1000, more typically less than 100. Thus, axes a, b, And the size range of c can be expressed as 4.9 ° N to 5.1 ° N. Axes a, b, and c Need not have equal dimensions.   If more than one transition metal is used and the compound is crystalline, the unit cell It is expected that the dimensions of the tool will fall within the above ranges. But mixed transition gold In the case of a genus, the structure of the compound is based on the order of transition metals with undefined unit cells. Can be completely random.   Without wishing to be bound by theory, the transition metal is acetylide (C_Two ^2-) Segment Coordination with This theory is used to form transition metal crystal structures Consistent with the expected product from the starting material obtained; X-ray powder diffraction data and Of a crystalline nickel compound as inferred from the unique electronic properties of the Unit cell size. According to this theory, four-coordinate transition gold bound to acetylide Partial unit cells for the genus (counter cations not shown) have the structure shown below. With structure: Where M_c(Y) is a four-coordinate transition metal. Six-coordinate transition bound to acetylide Examples of partial unit cells for metals (counter cation not shown) are given below. Has the structure shown:  Without wishing to be bound by theory, the planar crystalline metal compound of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. A structure as shown (where only transition metal 5 and acetylene carbon are shown) It is believed to have. The counter cation is not shown in FIG. It is believed to be crooked. For compounds having a structure as shown in FIG. The empirical formula is M (X)_{(4-Y) / X}M_c(Y) C_FourAnd where M_c(Y) is a transition metal and Y is And M (X) is a counter cation, and X is its ionic state. You. M (X) is typically an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal Or a quaternary ammonium ion (NR_Four ⁺) Is a stable cation, Where R is H or any organic moiety. This structure is important for compounds For some parts, we provide a delocalized pi system. Formula M (X)_{(Four- Y) / X} M_c(Y) C_4n(Where n = 1 to 6) also forms a delocalized π-electron system provide. In such compounds, more than one acetylene group is between the metal atoms Is combined with   In the crystalline compound of the present invention having a three-dimensional crystal structure, a coordination compound or Extends between the planes. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is desired that the coordination compound or If the ligand is acetylide (C_Two ^2-), The three-dimensional crystal network is shown in FIG. It is believed to have the structure shown. The empirical formula for such a crystalline compound is , M (X)_{(6-Y) / X}M_c(Y) C₆And where M_c(Y) is a transition metal and Y is And M (X) is a counter cation, and X is its ionic state. formula M (X)_{(6-Y) / X}M_c(Y) C_6n(Where n = 1 to 6) are also non-local Provides a localized π-electron system.   As shown in FIGS. 8A-8C, the planar structures overlap, twist, and concentrate (centre). ered). The overlapping configuration shown in FIG. And this configuration has a = b ≠ c and the bond angle α = β = γ = 90 ° Therefore, it is a tetrahedral unit cell. c-axis is given as internal surface distance . This type of geometry is described in Miller et al. (1975), Prog. Inorganic Chem. 20 : 1 is found in certain transition metal cyanides as disclosed by: Shown in FIG. 7B Twisted molds have many combinations and are not overlapping and concentrated Place the plane in several directions. This order may be ABA, where A-plane Are in the same direction, and the B plane is in a twisted position. Special case of twist 8C. In this case, the c-axis is twice the internal distance.   If the counter cation is considered to be of a structure as shown in FIGS. A knit cell is a tetrahedral crystal if its arrangement is the same for each unit. Up to. The counter cation has a repeating pattern that includes one or more units If so, the crystal system may change. If the pattern is only along the c-axis, the tetrahedral system is maintained Is done. If the pattern is along either the a-axis or the b-axis, the system is orthorhombic (a ≠ b ≠ c, but α = β = γ = 90 °).   Considering the crystal structure for a three-dimensional network as shown in equation 7, Without considering cations, the cell unit is a cube (a = b = c and α = β = γ = 90 °). This is a fact. Because connectivity Is the same along the three crystal axes. Crystal when counter cation is considered The system can be tetrahedral or orthorhombic, depending on the direction of the counter cation repeat pattern. Can be either.   Dimeric and oligomeric forms of these proposed compounds have been described by Takahasi et al. According to The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, pp. 247-251 Has been synthesized. The compounds of the present invention are more delocalized in their nature. The known non-ionic linear transition metal acetylide It has greater stability than limers. Compounds described herein (e.g., Linear transition metal acetylides) can have high molecular weights. However, the present invention Compounds have two- and three-dimensional structures, and many compounds are ceramic-like You.   The compounds of the present invention can be used in combination with an anhydrous transition metal halide, an alkali metal and / or an alkali metal. Acetylide of Lucari earth metal (C_Two ^2-= Acetylide) under inert atmosphere Followed by a temperature of at least 300 ° C. (preferably a halide of a transition metal and Eutectic temperature of alkali metal / alkaline earth metal halide) for at least 3 minutes It can be manufactured by mixing for 1 hour or more. For example, NiCl_TwoAnd CaCl_TwoEutectic with The temperature is about 600 ° C. Mixed transition by reacting two or more transition metal halides A compound having a metal can be obtained. From this reaction, black powder (black powd er) and a white powder. The formation of black powder depends on the color Until the change is completed, it is perceived as the progress of the reaction. Using this method, A crystalline-like composition of the invention comprising nickel having the stoichiometric formula was prepared:         NiCl_Two(s) + 2CaC_Two(s) → CaNiC_Four(s) + CaCl_Two(s)   A more general formula is: M_c(Y) Z_y+ 2M (X)_{2 / x}C_Two→ M (X)_{(4-y) / x}M_c(Y) C_Four+ YM (X) Z_x Here, Z is halogen.   This method is preferred. And preferably, NiCl_TwoTo minimize sublimation loss In addition, the reaction volume is minimized. Purification of the product consists of the unreacted chloride This is achieved by extracting nickel with alcohol. Calcium carbide Can also be removed by reaction with alcohol. Plane structure and acetylidori The presence of gand is consistent with X-ray powder diffraction analysis.   Other methods, for example, in a solvent, the formula M (X)_{(4-Y) / X}M_c(Y) (C_TwoH)_FourOf tetraacetylide Complex and formula M (X)_{(4-Y) / X}M_c(Y) Z_FourAnd a copper (I) salt of the formula Cu (I) Z, AgClO_Three , AlBN, or Bu_ThreeB / O_TwoIt is also appropriate to react in the presence of a catalyst such as . Where M (X) and M_c(Y) is as described above, and Z is preferably a halide or Is a carboxylate. Two or more transition metal halides and / or two or more Compound having mixed transition metal by reacting the above transition metal tetraacetylide complex Can be obtained.   A further method for preparing metal compounds having a three-dimensional crystal structure is And the formula M (X)_{(6-Y) / X}M_c(Y) (C_TwoH)₆Transition metal hexaacetylide salts and M (X)_{(6-Y) / X}M_c( Y) Z₆With a copper (I) salt of the formula Cu (I) Z, wherein Z is preferably a halide Or carboxylate), AgClO_Three, AlBN, or Bu_ThreeB / O_TwoSuch as catalyst Reacting in the presence. In a preferred embodiment, the transition metal is nickel It is. Two or more transition metal halides and / or two or more transition metal tet By reacting the raacetylide complex, a compound having a mixed transition metal can be obtained. You.   Tetraacetylide complexes can be obtained by the novel method of the present invention. using this method Is obtained by converting acetylene into Cu (I) Z (Z = halide) in a solvent according to the following formula: Una copper (I) salt, AgClO_Three, AlBN, or Bu_ThreeB / O_TwoIn the presence of a catalyst such as M (X)_{(Four -Y) / X} M_c(Y) Z_FourWith the transition metal salt of           M (X)_{(4-y) / x}M_c(Y) Z_Four+ 4H_TwoC_Two→ M (X)_{(4-y) / x}M_c(Y) (C_TwoH)_Two+ 4HZ. Hexaacetylide complex can be obtained by a similar reaction scheme using the same catalyst In this case, the equivalent of acetylene is converted to M (X) in a solvent._{(6-y) / x}M_c(Y) Z₆Reacted with Let And M (X)_{(4-y) / x}M_c(Y) (C_TwoH)₆Get.   Alternatively, the tetraacetylide complex may be a transition metal thiocyanate or cyanide. Conventional reaction, such as reacting acetylide with an alkaline earth metal salt of acetylide in a solvent. It can be obtained using any means. Hexaacetylide complex is obtained by a similar reaction Wherein the corresponding transition metal thiocyanate is converted to an acetylide React with alkali metal salts.   These are useful for chemically bonding transition metal atoms to acetylene carbon. These are just a few examples. The most useful type is between the transition metal complex and acetylene. Copper salt (Cu (I) Z) catalyzed reaction. This method works for Pt and Pd. It works, but it doesn't work for Ni. Because this complex is This is because a precipitate is formed. Is the choice of Z preferably limited to halide , Or possibly saturated carboxylate. The most stable catalyst is Copper (I) iodide. These reactions are_TwoShould be done in the absence of why Because oxygen can cause oxidative coupling between acetylides .   When a transition metal having strong magnetic properties is used in the crystal-like compound of the present invention, These crystal structures also exhibit ferromagnetic behavior. These are of low density (typically 5g / cm for planar compound^ThreeLess than, and 3 g / cm for three-dimensional compounds^ThreeIn ), And also exhibit abnormal electronic behavior.   Optoferromagnetic and thermoferromagnetic properties were found to be present in nickel-containing compounds I have been. In addition, a nonlinear ferromagnetic response to an externally applied magnetic field was found. Was done.   Nickel-containing compounds cause nickel chloride and calcium carbide to be inert. By heating under ambient atmosphere, followed by mixing and heating under the conditions described in the examples. Obtained. Nickel compounds are hygroscopic and react with a large excess of water to produce nickel hydroxide. Produces a mixture of Kel, calcium hydroxide, and acetylene gas. Moisture absorption ( hygroscopic formula) is CaNiC_Four・ XH_TwoO, where x is between 2 and 0 It is believed that. The nickel compound is black with a metallic luster, and Has a bulk density of about 1.34 grams per ml. This compound is Catalyzes the decomposition of tellurium.   Ferromagnetism allows the PM samples described herein to have an optimal wavelength between 600 nm and 400 nm. Induced or enhanced by irradiation with either long fluorescent or sunlight You. Light is preferably provided by a laser to adjust the spot size. It is. Spot size is limited only by diffraction, wavelength, and extraordinary scattering effects Limited. These can be ignored and easily controlled. Ferromagnetism is Induced by heating the sample to at least about 20 ° C (preferably 70 ° C to 90 ° C) Guided or augmented. Higher temperatures provide a stronger response. Ferromagnetic compounds For an externally applied magnetic field having a response that increases with increasing magnetic field, 3 shows a nonlinear ferromagnetic response. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the conduction band (co When the induction band reaches the critical electron density, the exchange interaction causes a ferromagnetic transition. Induce. This critical electron density is due to photon excitation and / or thermal excitation. Can be reached. The energy gap of this material is a function of the applied external magnetic field. And decreases as the magnetic field strength increases. Because the energy of conduction electrons is It is because it falls. This applied external magnetic field is generated by photons or thermal energy. Can be combined with the excitation of the electrons. Whether the material is semiconductor or semi-metal Is one of   Without wishing to be bound by theory, the structure and stoichiometry of these compounds is Shows the superconducting transition in these compounds at several temperatures. mixture Transition metals have different electrical properties than compounds with only one transition metal. provide. For example, a compound having Fe (II) is based on a molecular orbital diagram. Is expected to be a semiconductor and the compound with Fe (III) is conductive It is expected that. Compounds containing Fe (III) and Fe (II) have an increased proportion of Fe (III). As they are added, they transition from semiconductors to metal-like conductors. Metal-like compounds are 60- It is expected to have 100 mol% Fe (III), and the metalloid is 0-60 mol% Fe (III) Is expected to have   Those skilled in the art can, using the above description, maximize the present invention without requiring further details. It is thought that it can be used for. Accordingly, the preferred specific compositions of the following preferred compositions The embodiments are merely for illustration and in any case the remainder of the disclosure. It does not mimic.   In the above and following examples, all temperatures are given in Celsius without correction. So Thus, unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.   The disclosures of all applications, patents, and publications cited above and below are It is incorporated herein by reference.                                  Example   Nickel chloride and calcium carbide in solid state (anhydride) (molar ratio 1: 2) heated in a quartz reactor at 1 atm with a protective argon purge gas Was. The crucible was opened to purge gas. Using an electric oven, raise the temperature of about 970 ° C to 24 Served for a minute. During heating, a change in the color of the starting material is observed (after 2 minutes), and After 24 minutes, the color change was complete. After heating, remove the reactants from distilled / deionized water. And washed with water for 1 hour._TwoAnd NiCl_TwoUnreasonable Reaction material is removed and excess CaC_TwoWas also removed. The product is then Dry for several weeks in a cater. After heating, the product was anhydrous. Get The precipitated reactant is deposited (plate out) to about 1.8 ± 0.5 g / cm^ThreeGlossy with a density of A black / white powder was obtained. This compound is acidic even when heated to about 70 ° C. It remained inactive for about one year without being converted. Added to diethyl ether In case, the solution foamed and showed a reaction without loss of material (indicating a catalytic reaction) . The combustion temperature can be about 200-300 ° C (produces green and white powder) Was found.   The anhydrous product was examined using IR spectrum and X-ray diffraction spectrum. diffraction According to the spectrum and IR spectrum, Ca (OH)_Two, CaCO_ThreeAnd the presence of Ni metal And the unusual peak was assigned to one of the compounds of the invention in the mixture . Ni metal is NiCl_TwoFormed by the decomposition of Because ionic salt carbide Is known to reduce transition metal halides at a temperature of about 700 ° C. is there.IR Spectrum   FIG. 10 is an IR spectrum of the compound produced by the above method. 3000cm^-1~ 3600cm^-1The broad band is Ca (OH)_TwoOH stretching and probably attributed to water of hydration Sa It is. 1200cm^-1~ 1400cm^-1The broad band is CaCO_ThreeAnd Ca (OH)_TwoAttributed to It is. 2924cm^-1And 2875cm^-1Are two bands of compound K_TwoPt (C_TwoCH_Three)_TwoIs equivalent to However, this band probably has M (X) on the surface_{2 / x}Ni (C_TwoR)_FourSimilar species like Is attributed to These compounds are probably CaC_TwoImpure aceti present in Formed by reaction with the lid. 2349cm^-1Peak at CO_TwoIt is. 1087cm^-1(H 1), 875cm^-1(H2), and 712cm^-1(H3) is CaCO_ThreeIt is. 3600cm^-1~ 4000cm^-1 And 1600cm^-1~ 2000cm^-1The jagged band in the free water ( 12). 2500cm^-1(G) and 1000cm^-1The peak in (J) returns at this time. Did not belong. 1625cm^-1The broad peak in (E) is attributed to water of hydration. It is. The presence of water of hydration in the spectrum indicates that this unknown substance is hygroscopic. Can be shown. Because Ca (OH)_TwoAnd CaCO_ThreeDoes not form hydrates . 625cm^-1The band in is considered to be Ni-C stretch. Ni in free molecules Approximate position of Keruacetylenic carbon stretch is 585cm^-1It is. So this black The color powder does not contain free molecules.X-ray diffraction   X-ray powder diffraction patterns were recorded and elemental analysis was also performed. Powder diffraction By restricting IlSearch to elemental analysis, Ni metal, calcium hydroxide , And CaCO_ThreeCan be identified. The intensity line continues to define the compound of the invention Was. This indicated a low intensity line of 7.98%. Ca, Ni, small amount by elemental analysis The presence of Cl and Mg, and some Si, Al, and S was indicated. This space The vector was recorded on an electron microscope equipped for elemental analysis. But in this procedure Was unable to identify carbon.   FIG. 9 shows the structure of tetracarbide. Transition metal 5, acetylene Carbon 15, and cations are shown, but water molecules are not shown. Compound formed From the X-ray diffraction powder pattern examined from the product, it was found that a = b = 10.13 ° and c = 13.25 °. A facepiece unit cell is shown. The dimensions of the a-axis and b-axis are those of nickel acetylide. Consistent with experimental data for bond length and bond angle.   This compound has strong magnetic properties that are induced or enhanced when exposed to fluorescence or sunlight Has been found to be ferromagnetic. Ferromagnetism was shown visually. This compound The material may also have ferromagnetic properties that gradually degrade after irradiation for 1-3 hours. Was found.   This compound is also thermomagnetic. Heat the compound to about 70-80 ° C. And thereby induce or enhance the magnetic properties. Thermomagnetism found at temperatures above 20 ° C Is done.   Exposure of this compound to a magnetic field results in ferromagnetic behavior in response to light and heat. Was strengthened. Inducing ferromagnetism with white light by exposure to high magnetic field strength Becomes possible. Ferromagnetism induced under these conditions shows ferromagnetism under fluorescence Shown using the same test magnet used for the test. Being bound by theory High field strength reduces the bandgap and is not desirable at such frequencies. Allows you to provide the desired response.   This compound is a black substance having a strong metallic luster. This is the same as iron Ferromagnetic with a strength of dah, but with a density of 1.34 g / cm^ThreeIt is. This means that Is also a known ferromagnetic substance, which is lighter and weighs 25 % By weight.   The examples described above are generally or specifically described reactants and / or By substituting the operating conditions of the present invention used in the examples, similar success was achieved. Can be repeated.   From the above description, those skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of the present invention. And without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. And modifications can be applied to various uses and conditions of the invention.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for recording information on a magnetic medium, the magnetic medium comprising a plurality of magnetically biased local domains and a magneto-optical material adjacent to the magnetically biased local domains. Placing the magnetic medium in an applied magnetic field; applying light to a first location of the magnetic medium to induce magnetization of the magneto-optical material at the first location. And wherein the magnetized magneto-optical material is adjacent to the first magnetically biased local domain, wherein the magnetization of the magneto-optical material is Increasing the strength of the magnetic field at the first location by a first amount to change the bias of the first magnetically biased local domain. 2. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying light to a second location on the magnetic medium to induce magnetization of the magneto-optical material at the second location. Wherein the magnetized magneto-optical material is adjacent to a second magnetically biased local domain, wherein the magnetization of the magneto-optical material reduces the intensity of the magnetic field at the second location by a second amount. Increase the second magnetically biased local domain bias, wherein the first amount is different from the second amount and the first domain bias is varied. The step wherein the change is different from the change in the bias of the second domain. 3. A method for recording information on a magnetic medium, the magnetic medium comprising a number of magnetically biased local domains and a magneto-optical material adjacent to the magnetically biased local domains, comprising: (A) placing the magnetic medium in an applied magnetic field that is lower than a critical magnetic field required to change the local domain bias; (B) applying light to a specific location on the magnetic medium to induce magnetization of the magneto-optical material at the specific location, wherein the magnetized magneto-optical material comprises: Adjoining a particular magnetically biased local domain, wherein the magnetization of the magneto-optical material increases the local magnetic field strength at the particular location to be greater than a critical magnetic field To reduce the magnetic bias of the specific magnetically biased local domain. Of the cause, manner. 4. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the applying step changes a magnetic bias of a particular local magnetic domain to be parallel to the applied magnetic field. 5. Said applying step, according to the relationship _{B local = μ (λ) B} applied, to increase the strength of the local magnetic field B _{loca l,} wherein, B _applied is granted magnetic field, and, mu (lambda) is 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is light induced magnetically permeable. 6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein [mu] is a function of a parameter selected from the group consisting of wavelength, temperature, light intensity, and an applied magnetic field. 7. A magnetic medium, comprising: (a) a plurality of magnetically biased local domains; (b) a magneto-optical material adjacent to the magnetically biased local domains; (c) wherein the magneto-optical material is When receiving light at a location adjacent to a particular magnetically biased local domain, the magneto-optical material increases the strength of the magnetic field at the particular local domain. 8. 8. The magnetic medium according to claim 7, wherein information is recorded at a specific position on the magnetic medium by the following steps: (1) The magnetic medium is used to reduce the local magnetic domain bias. Placing in an applied magnetic field that is lower than the critical magnetic field required to change; and (2) applying light to a particular location of the magnetic medium to produce a magneto-optical material at the particular location Inducing magnetization of the magneto-optical material, wherein the magnetization of the magneto-optical material changes the magnetic bias of a particular local magnetic domain adjacent to the magnetized magneto-optical material. 9. The magneto-optical material is a compound of the formula M (X) _{(4-Y) / X} M _c (Y) C ₄ , wherein M _C (Y) is Ni (II), Pd (II), Pt ( II), a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Au (III), Ir (I), Rh (I), Y is the ionic state of the transition metal, and M (X) is an alkali metal; A counter ion selected from the group consisting of an alkaline earth metal and a rare earth metal, wherein X is a compound that is in the ionic state of the counter ion; or a compound of the formula M (X) _{(6-Y) / X} M _C (Y) A compound of C ₆ , wherein M _C (Y) is Fe (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Cr (III), Mn (II), Mn (III), Mo (II), Os (II), Rh (III), Ru (III), and a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ir (III), Y is an ionic state of the transition metal And M (X) is a counter ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, where X is the counter ion. The magnetic medium according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic medium is a compound that is in an ionic state. 10. 8. The magnetic medium of claim 7, wherein the magneto-optical material is a layer of material coated on a layer of magnetic material having magnetically biased local domains. 11. The magnetic medium of claim 10, wherein the magnetic material is a normal ferromagnetic material. 12. The magnetic medium of claim 7, wherein the magneto-optical material and the magnetically biased local domains are magnetic particles scattered throughout a substrate. 13. 13. The magnetic medium of claim 12, wherein the magnetically biased local domains are part of a normal ferromagnetic material. 14． A method for optically altering the properties of a first optical signal, the method comprising the steps of: (a) placing a magneto-optical material in a magnetic field; and (b) Receiving a second optical signal at a point on the magneto-optical material to induce magnetization of the magneto-optical material at the point; and (c) from the point on the magneto-optical material, Reflecting one signal. 15. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the induced magnetization changes the bias of the first signal due to a polar Kerr rotation effect. 16. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the property is a phase of the first signal. 17． 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the characteristic is a bias of the first signal. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the characteristic is a change in frequency upon reflection of the first signal.