JP2000181218A - Developing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a developing method using a developing roller which suppresses production of a reverse charge toner and which has stable good quality without causing contamination on the base for OPC in a single component developing method using a negative charge toner. SOLUTION: In this method, a developing roller having the surface layer described below is used. The surface layer has a structure of a resin containing nitrogen, and the average ratio of contents is <=100 carbon atoms to one atom of nitrogen. Or a material containing nitrogen is dispersed in the surface resin, and the average ratio of nitrogen content in the material is <=100 carbon atoms to one nitrogen atom.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a developing method for developing a latent image by developing an electric latent image formed by an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method or the like with a one-component toner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an electrophotographic method, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,691 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-23910 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,666,363), there are many methods. Are known. In general, using a photoconductive material, an electric latent image is formed on a photoreceptor by various means, and then the latent image is developed using toner.
After transferring the toner image to a transfer material such as paper as necessary,
The fixing is performed by heating and pressurizing, pressure or solvent vapor to obtain a transferred product.

The following is a method for visualizing an electric latent image using toner. For example, the magnetic brush method described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,870,063, the cascade developing method described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,618,552, and the U.S. Pat. No. 22,217.
Numerous developing methods such as a powder cloud method, a fur brush developing method, and a liquid developing method described in JP-A-76-76 are known.
Among these developing methods, in particular, a magnetic brush method, a cascade method, a liquid developing method, and the like using a two-component developer mainly composed of a toner and a carrier have been widely put to practical use.

[0004] Various developing methods using a one-component developer composed of only a toner without using a medium such as a carrier have been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,258 proposes a method of developing using a magnetic toner having electrical conductivity as a method using a developer composed of toner particles having magnetism. In this technique, a conductive magnetic developer is supported on a cylindrical conductive sleeve having a magnet therein, and the developer is brought into contact with an electrostatic image for development.
At this time, a conductive path is formed between the surface of the recording medium and the surface of the sleeve by the toner particles in the developing section, and electric charges are guided from the sleeve to the toner via the conductive path, and the coulomb between the electrostatic image and the image section is formed. The toner particles adhere to the image area by the force and are developed. As a developing method using a high-resistance magnetic toner, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-94140 (West German Patent No. 2704361) discloses a developing method utilizing dielectric polarization of toner particles. As another method using a high-resistance magnetic toner, a method of frictionally charging toner particles due to friction between toner particles, friction between toner particles and a sleeve or the like, and developing the toner particles by contacting the electrostatic image holding member is developed. Is also known.

[0005] Also, many one-component developing methods using non-magnetic toner have been proposed. In particular, in the case of non-magnetic toner, it can be said that most of the supply force to the developing roller is only Coulomb force, and the toner conveying force to the developing roller is considerably inferior to that of a magnetic component. Therefore, a method of supplying the toner has been devised such that a resin roller having a soft surface such as a resin sponge roller is cut into the developing roller, and the toner is rubbed on the developing roller. The present invention relates to a one-component developing method including the above-described magnetic one-component developing method and non-magnetic one-component developing method.

In the one-component developing system using negatively charged toner, a sufficiently thin negatively charged toner layer must be formed on the surface of the developing roller before developing the toner on the photosensitive member. If the charging is not sufficiently uniform,
Positively charged toner of the opposite charge is generated in the toner particles, and the background portion becomes background stain. In addition, in the one-component development, there are very few portions to be charged by friction, and it is necessary to efficiently rub against the toner so that the toner is not reversely charged. However, it has not been clarified to what kind of surface of the developing roller the toner should be charged by friction, and what the condition of the surface should be to efficiently and sufficiently charge the toner. Thus, the surface of the developing roller is formed by trial and error. However, in this case, stable and uniform charging is not performed. On the contrary, the toner has a function of giving a reverse charging component to the toner, causing OPC background stains, and a large increase in toner consumption. It was expensive, causing disadvantages for users.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to optimize the composition of the surface structure of the developing roller so as to suppress the generation of the oppositely charged toner, which is a problem of the OPC background stain, An object of the present invention is to provide a developing system using a stable developing roller of high quality without OPC background contamination and to eliminate disadvantages of users as soon as possible.

[0008]

According to the present invention, first, in a one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in a structure of a surface resin of a developing roller,
There is provided a one-component developing system characterized by using a phenomenon roller having a surface layer whose content ratio is on average 100 or less of carbon atoms to 1 of nitrogen atoms. Second, in a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, a substance containing nitrogen is dispersed in the surface resin of the developing roller, and the ratio of the nitrogen content of the substance is an average of nitrogen atoms. There is provided a one-component developing system characterized by using a phenomenon roller having a surface layer in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less per 1 atom. Third, in a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, the surface resin of the developing roller contains nitrogen, and the ratio of the content thereof is, on average, one carbon atom to one nitrogen atom. Contains a resin having a number of atoms of 100 or less, or contains nitrogen and has a content ratio of nitrogen whose number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to 1 number of nitrogen atoms on average. In a system in which a substance is dispersed, there is provided a one-component developing system characterized by using a phenomenon roller having a surface layer whose content is 50% by weight or more by dry weight. Fourth, in a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, the surface of the replenishment roller contains nitrogen in the structure of the resin, and the content ratio is such that the average number of nitrogen atoms is 1 to the number of nitrogen atoms. The one-component developing system according to the first, second or third aspect is characterized by using a replenishing roller having a surface layer having 100 or less atoms. Fifth, in a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, a material containing nitrogen is dispersed in the surface resin of the replenishing roller, and the ratio of the nitrogen content of the material is an average of nitrogen atoms. The one-component developing method according to the first, second or third aspect, characterized by using a replenishing roller having a surface layer in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to 1 atom, is provided. You. Sixth, in a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, the surface resin of the replenishing roller contains nitrogen, and the ratio of the content is 1 on average of the number of nitrogen atoms.
Contains a resin having 100 or less carbon atoms, or contains nitrogen and the ratio of the content is 1 average of 1 nitrogen atom to 10 atomic of carbon atom.
In a system in which a nitrogen-containing substance having a content of 0 or less is dispersed, a replenishing roller having a surface layer having a content of 50% by weight or more on a dry weight basis is used, A third aspect is provided a one-component developing system.

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that in a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the structure of the resin used on the surface of the developing roller, and the ratio of the contents is on average. The number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to the number 1 of nitrogen atoms, and nitrogen is contained in the structure of the resin of the replenishing roller rotating in the reverse direction, and the ratio of the content is on average. Number of nitrogen atoms 1
In a configuration in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less, or in a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the structure of the resin used on the surface of the developing roller, The number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to the number of nitrogen atoms being 1 on average, and the nitrogen-containing substance is dispersed in the resin of the replenishing roller rotating in the reverse direction. The composition is such that the ratio of the nitrogen content of the substance is on average 1 to the number of nitrogen atoms: 100 or less, or one-component development using a negatively charged toner In the method, a substance containing nitrogen is dispersed in a resin used on the surface of the developing roller, and the ratio of the nitrogen content of the substance is, on average, 1 atom of nitrogen atom to 1 atom of carbon atom. Is 100 A lower nitrogen contained in the structure of the resin supply roller which rotates to the reverse direction,
The composition ratio is such that the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to the number of nitrogen atoms being 1 on average, or in a one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, the developing roller Nitrogen-containing substance is dispersed in the resin used on the surface of the resin, and the ratio of the nitrogen content of the substance is 100 or less carbon atoms per 1 nitrogen atom on average. And a nitrogen-containing substance is dispersed in the resin of the replenishing roller rotating in the reverse direction, and the ratio of the nitrogen content of the substance is, on average, one carbon atom to one nitrogen atom. Is 1
It has been found that when the constitution is not more than 00, the charging is stable and the background stain is prevented.

Although the principle on which this phenomenon occurs cannot be clearly proved, the present inventor thinks as follows. In general, a nitrogen atom can have a trivalent or tetravalent structure, and it is easy for it to become a cation in terms of charge due to the lack of electrons in the shell electron cloud. However, when it is combined with another atom to form a molecule, It looks like it has been neutralized. However, since it has a very strong electron-withdrawing property, it acts as a pseudo base when another acidic substance is present nearby. Generally, a charge control agent for negative charge is dispersed in the negatively charged toner, and the charge control agent for negative charge is an acidic substance, and the charge control agent used for the toner for positive charge is basic. From the viewpoint of ease of charging, it is considered that an acidic substance is easily charged negatively and a basic substance is easily charged positively. Therefore, when a negatively charged toner is used in the configuration of the present invention, the toner itself is acidic, the developing roller and the replenishing roller of the partner to be rubbed with friction become a pseudo base, and the developing roller and the replenishing roller are easily charged positively, and vice versa. The toner tends to be negatively charged. This is inevitably the same state as when the charging line of the developing roller and the replenishing roller is extremely positively charged and the toner is extremely negatively charged. In addition,
In the present invention, since the developing roller and the replenishing roller are rotated in reverse, and the toner is nipped by these rollers and frictionally charged, it is considered to be very ideal for uniform charging of the toner.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following can be considered as an example of a resin having nitrogen in a structure that can be used in the present invention. Polyamide; Polyamine; Polyimine; Polyacrylamide; Polyacrylimide; Polyethyleneamine; Polyethyleneimine; Polyallylamine; Aminopolyacrylamide; Polyamideimide; Polyetherimide; Polyoxyethylenealkylamine; Polyglycidylamine type epoxy; Amino acid resin; polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, melamine, or copolymers or mixtures with these resins and other resins can be used, but these are merely examples.
The present invention does not depend on the types of these resins.

Examples of the substance containing a nitrogen atom that can be dispersed in the resin usable in the present invention include the following. 2-methylimidazole; 2-ethyl-4-ethylimidazole; 2-phenylimidazole; 2-undecylimidazole; 2-heptadecylimidazole; 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole; 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole 1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole; 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole; 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole; 1-aminoethyl-2-methylimidazole; -Aminoethyl-2-methylimidazole; 1-
(Cyanoethylaminoethyl) -2-methylimidazole; N- [2- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)] urea; 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazole;
1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole trimellitate; 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole trimellitate; 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazole trimellitate; 2,4-diamino-6- [ 2-methyl-1-imidazolyl] -ethyl-
1,3,5-triazine; 2,4-diamino-6- (2
-Undecyl-1-imidazolylethyl) -1,3,5
-Triazine; 2,4-diamino-6- [2-ethyl-
4-methyl-1-imidazolylethyl] -1,3,5-
Triazine; 1-dodecyl-2-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium crawloid; N, N'bis (2-methyl-1-imidazolylethyl) urea; N, N '-(2
-Methyl-1-imidazolylethyl) -adipamide;
2,4-dialkylimidazole-5-dithiocarboxylic acid; 1,3-dibenzyl-2-methylimidazolium crawlide; 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxylmethylimidazole; 2-phenyl-4,5-bis (Hydroxylmethyl) imidazole; 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenyl-4,5-bis (cyanoethoxymethyl) imidazole; 2-methylimidazole / isocyanuric acid adduct; 2-phenylimidazole / isocyanuric acid adduct; Diamino-6- [2-methyl-
1-imidazolylethyl] -1,3,5-triazine.
Isocyanuric acid adduct; 2-alkyl-4-formylimidazole; 2,4-dialkyl-5-formylimidazole; 2,4,6-carboxyphenyl-1,
3,5-triazine; 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine; 2,4,6-triamino-
Derivatives of imidazole and triazine, such as 1,3,5-triazine.

N-phenylmaleimide; N- (2-chlorophenyl) -maleimide; N-cyclohexylmaleimide; N-substituted maleimides such as N-laurylmaleimide: triethylbenzylammonium chloride; tetramethylammonium chloride; triethylbenzylammonium bromide; Tributylbenzylammonium chloride; N-laurylpyridinium chloride; tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide; trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide; trimethylphenylammonium bromide; tetramethylammonium bromide; tetraethylammonium bromide; tetrabutyl Ammonium hydrogen sulphate; N-benzylpicolinium crawler; tetramethylammonium iodide; tetra-n-butyi iodide Ammonium; N- lauryl -4
-Picolinium crawloid; a _fourth compound represented by the general formula R ₄ NX (R is an alkyl group, an allyl group, etc., X is an acid group such as C1, Br, I, SO ₄ ) such as N-lauryl picolinium crawlide; Secondary ammonium salt: 1-methylacetic acid ester-5-mercapto-1,2,3,4-tetrazole; 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone; 1-methylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin

Polyamide; Polyimide; Polyamine; Polyimine; Polyacrylamide; Polyacrylimide;
Polyethyleneamine; Polyallylamine; Polyamideimide; Polyetherimide; Polyoxyethylenealkylamine; Polyglycidylamine-type epoxy; Urea resin; Amino acid resin; Polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, melamine resin, or a combination of these resins and other resins. Polymers, mixtures, and the like can be used, but these are only examples, and the present invention does not depend on the types of these substances.

[0015]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Comparative Example 1 Developing roller surface resin Polyester resin Toner Negatively charged toner Replenishing roller EPDM With the above configuration, an image is taken out, the OPC background stain in the non-image area is peeled off with an adhesive tape, and the image is adhered to PPC paper and the density is measured with a reflection densitometer. Was measured, and the density difference between the portion with the background contamination and the further tape portion was obtained (hereinafter, indicated by ΔID). As a result, ΔID was 1.2.

Comparative Example 2 Developing Roller Surface Resin Polyamide Resin (Average Ratio: About C: N = 140: 1) Supply Roller EPDM Toner Negatively Charged Toner ΔID = 0.9

Comparative Example 3 Developing Roller Surface Resin Polyester Resin Surface Resin Additive 2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (resin content: 10 wt%) Replenishment roller EPDM toner Negatively charged toner ΔID = 0.8

Comparative Example 4 Developing Roller Surface Resin Polyamide Resin (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 200: 1) Replenishment Roller Urethane System (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 140: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner ΔID = 0 .6

Example 1 Developing Roller Surface Resin Amino Acid Resin (Average Ratio About C: N = 60: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner Replenishment Roller EPDM ΔID = 0.4

Example 2 Developing Roller Surface Resin Urea Resin (Average Ratio: About C: N = 20: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner Replenishment Roller EPDM ΔID = 0.4

Example 3 Developing roller surface resin Melamine-based resin (average ratio about C: N = 30: 1) Toner Negatively charged toner Replenishing roller EPDM ΔID = 0.4

Example 4 Developing roller surface resin Urethane-based resin (average ratio about C: N = 90: 1) Supply roller EPDM toner Negatively charged toner ΔID = 0.4

Example 5 Developing roller surface resin Polyamide-based resin (average ratio: about C: N = 70: 1) Supply roller EPDM toner Negatively charged toner ΔID = 0.1

Example 6 Resin on Surface of Developing Roller Urethane-Silicone Copolymer (Average Ratio: About 50: 1) Supply Roller EPDM Toner Negatively Charged Toner ΔID = 0.4

Example 7 Developing roller surface resin Polyester resin Surface resin additive 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (resin content: 50 wt%) Supply roller EPDM toner Negatively charged toner ΔID = 0.4

Example 8 Developing Roller Surface Resin Acrylic Resin Surface Resin Additive Triethylbenzylammonium Chloride (60 wt% in Resin) Replenishment Roller EPDM Toner Negatively Charged Toner ΔID = 0.4

Example 9 Developing Roller Surface Resin Amino Acid Resin (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 60: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner Replenishing Roller Urethane System (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 60: 1) ΔID = 0 .2

Example 10 Developing Roller Surface Resin Urea Resin (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 20: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner Replenishing Roller Urethane System (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 60: 1) ΔID = 0 .2

Example 11 Developing Roller Surface Resin Melamine Resin (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 30: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner Replenishing Roller Urethane System (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 60: 1) ΔID = 0 .2

Example 12 Resin roller surface resin Urethane resin (average ratio about C: N = 90: 1) Supply roller urethane resin (average ratio about C: N = 60: 1) Toner Negatively charged toner ΔID = 0 .2

Example 13 Developing Roller Surface Resin Polyamide Resin (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 70: 1) Replenishment Roller Urethane System (Average Ratio Approx. C: N = 60: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner ΔID = 0 .2

Example 14 Resin on Surface of Developing Roller Urethane-Silicon Copolymer (Average Ratio: About 50: 1) Replenishment Roller Urethane System (Average Ratio: About C: N = 60: 1) Toner Negatively Charged Toner ΔID = 0. 2

Example 15 Developing Roller Surface Resin Polyester Resin Surface Resin Additive 2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (resin content 50 wt%) Replenishing roller Urethane (average ratio about C: N = 60: 1) Toner Negatively charged toner ΔID = 0.2

Example 16 Surface Roller of Developing Roller Acrylic Resin Additive for Surface Resin Triethylbenzylammonium Chloride (60 wt% in Resin) Replenishing Roller Urethane (Average ratio: about C: N = 60: 1) Toner Negatively charged toner ΔID = 0.2

[0036]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the structure of the surface resin of the developing roller, and the content ratio is nitrogen atom on average. Since the developing roller having the surface layer in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to the number of atoms of 1 is used, according to the present developing method, the OPC background stain level is greatly improved.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, a material containing nitrogen is dispersed in a resin on the surface of the developing roller, and the nitrogen content of the material is reduced. Since the developing roller having a surface layer in which the ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of nitrogen atoms is 100 or less on average was used, according to the present developing method, the OPC background stain level was significantly reduced. Be improved.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the surface resin of the developing roller and the ratio of the content is an average of nitrogen atoms. Number 10 of carbon atoms for number 1
Disperse a substance containing nitrogen containing a resin of 0 or less or containing nitrogen and having a content ratio of 100 or less carbon atoms to 1 nitrogen atom on average. In some systems, the content is 50% by dry weight.
Since the developing roller having the surface layer of not less than wt% is used, according to the present developing method, the OPC background stain level is greatly improved.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the structure of the surface resin of the replenishing roller, and the ratio of the content is nitrogen atom on average. According to the present developing method, a replenishing roller having a surface layer in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less was used in combination with the number 1 of
C The soil level is improved.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, a substance containing nitrogen is dispersed in the surface resin of the replenishing roller, and the nitrogen content of the substance is reduced. Since the ratio was such that the average number of nitrogen atoms was 1 and the number of carbon atoms was 100 or less, a replenishing roller having a surface layer was used in combination.
According to the developing method, the OPC background stain level is greatly improved.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the surface resin of the replenishing roller, and the content ratio of nitrogen is an average of nitrogen atoms. Number 10 of carbon atoms for number 1
Disperse a substance containing nitrogen containing a resin of 0 or less or containing nitrogen and having a content ratio of 100 or less carbon atoms to 1 nitrogen atom on average. In some systems, the content is 50% by dry weight.
According to the present developing method, the OPC background stain level is greatly improved because a combination of a supply roller having a surface layer of not less than wt% is used.

Claims (6)

[Claims] In a one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the structure of the surface resin of the developing roller, and the ratio of the content is on average 1 to the number of nitrogen atoms. A one-component developing method using a phenomenon roller having a surface layer in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less. 2. In a one-component developing method using a negatively charged toner, a substance containing nitrogen is dispersed in a resin on a surface of a developing roller, and a ratio of a nitrogen content of the substance is nitrogen atom on average. A one-component developing system using a phenomenon roller having a surface layer in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to the number of atoms of 1. 3. In a one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the surface resin of the developing roller, and the ratio of the content thereof is, on average, 1 to the number of nitrogen atoms per 1 carbon atom. It contains a resin having 100 or less atoms or contains nitrogen, and the content ratio of the resin is 100 on the average with respect to 1 atom of nitrogen atom and 100 atoms of nitrogen atom.
A one-component developing method comprising using a phenomenon roller having a surface layer whose content is 50% by weight or more on a dry weight basis in a system in which a nitrogen-containing substance described below is dispersed. 4. In a one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the structure of the surface resin of the replenishing roller, and the ratio of the content is on average 1 to the number of nitrogen atoms. 4. The one-component developing system according to claim 1, wherein a replenishing roller having a surface layer having 100 or less carbon atoms is used. 5. In a one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, a substance containing nitrogen is dispersed in a resin on a surface of a replenishing roller, and a ratio of a nitrogen content of the substance is nitrogen atom on average. 4. The one-component developing system according to claim 1, wherein a replenishing roller having a surface layer in which the number of carbon atoms is 100 or less with respect to the number of atoms of 1 is used. 6. In a one-component developing system using a negatively charged toner, nitrogen is contained in the surface resin of the replenishing roller, and the ratio of the content is an average of 1 to the number of nitrogen atoms. It contains a resin having 100 or less atoms or contains nitrogen, and the content ratio of the resin is 100 on the average with respect to 1 atom of nitrogen atom and 100 atoms of nitrogen atom.
4. A replenishing roller having a surface layer having a content of 50% by weight or more on a dry weight basis in a system in which the following nitrogen-containing substance is dispersed is used. One-component development method.