JP2000136547A - Construction machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction machine enhancing safety during installation and removal of a counterweight. SOLUTION: In a construction machine, an operating lever 77 for operating a device for installing and removing a counterweight 68 is enclosed within an upper structure 85. The construction machine has a side cover 86 freely openably and closably mounted on the side face of the upper structure 85. In this case, an operating lever access means 88 enabling the operating lever 77 to be operated from the outside while the side cover 86 is held closed is mounted on the side face of the upper structure 85.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a construction machine such as a hydraulic shovel having a counterweight attaching / detaching device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a hydraulic excavator generally includes a lower traveling body that can travel freely, an upper revolving body that is rotatably mounted on an upper portion of the lower traveling body, and a protrudingly mounted front part of the upper revolving body. Work machine. A counterweight is fixed to the rear end of the upper revolving structure with bolts or the like in order to balance work with a work machine.

In the case of a large hydraulic excavator,
When all the components are mounted, the weight during transportation exceeds the weight specified by the Road Traffic Law, so it is necessary to remove the heavy counterweight. However, in the above-described hydraulic excavator, the counterweight has no means for attaching and detaching, and cannot be easily attached and detached. In order to solve this problem, many conventional techniques for mounting a counterweight attaching / detaching device on a hydraulic excavator have been filed.

For example, the technique shown in FIG.
This is a conventional counterweight attaching / detaching device described in JP-A-151179. In the drawings, a partially cut-away side view of a hydraulic excavator provided with a conventional counterweight attaching / detaching device is shown.

In FIG. 10, reference numeral 1 denotes a main body of a construction machine, and a counter weight 5 is attached to a rear end of the main body 1 by an attachment bolt 6. One end of a link 14 is rotatably connected to the rear end of the main body 1. The other end of the link 14 is connected to the bracket 1
5 and the adjuster 17 are connected to the center of gravity of the counterweight 5. A hydraulic cylinder 12 is rotatably mounted between the lower rear end of the vehicle body 1 and the vicinity of the center of the link 14. The expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is performed by operating the counterweight attaching / detaching lever 18 which is located near the counterweight 5 and housed in the vehicle body 1. One end of the bracket 15 and one end of the adjuster 17 are connected by a detachable pin 21.

The operation of the conventional counterweight attaching / detaching apparatus is as follows. When the counterweight 5 is detached from the main body 1, for example, the mounting bolt 6 is first removed, and then the counterweight attaching / detaching lever 18 is operated to reduce the hydraulic cylinder 12. . Thereby, the link 14 rotates clockwise, and the counterweight 5 descends. After the counterweight 5 lands on the ground, the link 15 and the adjuster 17
Remove the pin 21 connecting the. Thus, the separation of the counterweight 5 is completed. Conversely, when the counterweight 5 is mounted on the main body 1, the counterweight 5 may be operated in a reverse manner to the above-described detaching method.

The counterweight detachable lever 18 is
It is often housed in the vehicle body 1 having a cover that can be opened and closed for reasons such as improving the external appearance. In this case, the counterweight attaching / detaching lever 18 is normally hidden in the cover, and can be operated from the outside by opening the cover only when necessary.

As an example of such a cover, there is a technique disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 4-119852 shown in FIG.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a main part of a hydraulic shovel provided with a cover that can be freely opened and closed.

In FIG. 11, reference numeral 10 denotes an upper swing body, and a counter weight 3 is provided at a rear portion of the upper swing body 10. A driver's cab 2 is provided on the front left side of the upper swing body 10. Also, the upper revolving superstructure 10
Inside, are stored devices such as an engine and a hydraulic device.

At the front of the counterweight 3 and at the rear of the cab 2, support members for supporting a guard forming an outer shell of the upper swing body 10 are provided upright. The covers 4, 4a are attached to the respective support members so as to be freely opened and closed by hinges 9, 9a. That is, the cover 4 attached near the counterweight 3
The cover 4a attached to the vicinity of the driver's cab 2 is configured to open to the driver's cab side with the support member as the rotation center. Have been. This cover 4,
4a is opened to perform maintenance of the engine or hydraulic equipment.

[0011]

When the lever for attaching and detaching the counterweight shown in FIG. 10 is housed in the cover shown in FIG. 11, the lever for attaching and detaching the counterweight is usually covered by the cover, so that the external appearance may be impaired. There is no. However, although the operator needs to operate the lever for detaching the counterweight while checking the state of the counterweight when attaching and detaching the counterweight, the cover on the counterweight side opens to the counterweight side, so this cover is obstructive. It was difficult to visually check the counterweight.

When the operator operates the counterweight attaching / detaching lever while checking the state of the counterweight, an empty hand (the one who does not operate the operating lever) is attached to the counterweight being attached / detached. And it was not preferable for safety.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine which improves safety when attaching and detaching a counterweight.

[0014]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a side cover in which an operation lever for operating a counterweight attaching / detaching device is housed in an upper revolving body and is openably and closably attached to a side surface of the upper revolving body. In the construction machine having the above, an operation lever access means capable of operating an operation lever from outside while the side cover is closed is provided on a side surface of the upper revolving superstructure.

In this case, when the counterweight is attached or detached, the operation lever can be operated even when the side cover that greatly obstructs the field of view is closed, so that the operator can easily visually confirm the attachment / detachment state and improve the safety in attaching / detaching the counterweight. Connect.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the construction machine according to the first aspect, the operating lever access means includes:
A window hole is provided in a side surface of the upper swing body.

In this case, since the operator can operate the operation lever without opening the side cover, the operator can easily confirm the attachment / detachment state visually, which leads to an improvement in safety in attaching / detaching the counterweight.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the construction machine according to the second aspect, an access panel that can open or close the window hole is provided.

By this, the operation lever can be hidden in the upper revolving body except for attaching / detaching the counterweight, which leads to improvement in the aesthetic appearance.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the construction machine according to the first aspect, the operation lever access means includes:
It is an openable and closable panel to which the operation lever is attached on the back surface.

With this arrangement, not only can the operation lever be operated even when the side cover, which greatly obstructs the view when the counterweight is attached or detached, can be operated, but also the operator can operate the operation lever at a position away from the upper revolving unit. The state of attachment and detachment can be easily checked visually,
Since you can work at a position away from the counterweight,
This leads to further improvement in safety in attaching and detaching the counterweight.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in a construction machine having an operation lever for operating a counterweight attachment / detachment device, an operation lever assist for enabling attachment / detachment of the counterweight only when operated simultaneously with the operation lever. A means is provided.

In this case, when attaching and detaching the counterweight, the operator needs to operate both the operating lever and the operating means at the same time, so that there is no need to attach a hand to the counterweight during the attaching / detaching operation, thereby improving safety. Connect.

[0024]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a construction machine according to the present invention will be described. First, a counterweight attaching / detaching apparatus related to the present invention will be described. This counterweight attaching / detaching device is an example of a conventionally well-known device,
It does not limit the invention. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a counterweight attaching / detaching device.

In the drawing, reference numeral 85 denotes an upper rotating body,
The upper swing body 85 has a center frame 66 at a lower portion. At the rear end of the center frame 66, a weight mounting portion 67 is provided. A counterweight 68 is disposed at the rear end of the upper swing body 85 and above the weight mounting portion 67. A triangular link arm 69 is provided between the counter weight 68 and the upper swing body 85. The first top of the link arm 69 (near the upper portion of the counterweight 68) is rotatably connected to the upper center of the counterweight 68 at substantially the center. Also, this link arm 69
The second top part (near the lower part on the counter weight 68 side) is
The weight mounting portion 67 is rotatably connected to a bracket 70 projecting from a rear end thereof. Further, the third top of the link arm 69 (near the upper swing body 85)
One end is rotatably connected to a rod of a weight cylinder 71 whose one end is rotatably connected to the center frame 66. The extension and contraction of the rod of the weight cylinder 71 is performed by an operation lever described later.

The operation of the counterweight attaching / detaching apparatus having the above-described configuration will be described below. When removing the counterweight 68, the operation lever is operated to extend the rod of the weight cylinder 71, and the link arm 69 is rotated clockwise about the second top as the rotation center axis. Thus, the counterweight 68 separates from the weight mounting portion 67 and lands. Finally, when the connection between the first top of the link arm 69 and the counterweight 68 is disconnected, the removal of the counterweight 68 is completed. When attaching the counterweight 68, the opposite operation of the removal operation may be performed.

Next, two embodiments of the present invention for achieving an improvement in safety related to the visibility of an operator will be described below.

First, a first embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a side view of a main part of the upper swing body provided with the lever for attaching and detaching the counterweight according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an AA cross section of FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a BB cross section of FIG.

In the respective drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in FIG. 1, and the description will be omitted. A detachable counterweight 68 is provided at the rear end of the upper swing body 85. A side cover 86 is provided on one side surface of the upper swing body 85 and in front of the counterweight 68. One end of the side cover 86 is connected to a support member that supports a guard or the like that covers the upper revolving unit 85 erected in front of the counterweight 68 by a hinge 8.
7, 87 make it freely openable and closable. In the vicinity of the other end of the side cover 86, a lock device 91 that can appropriately lock the upper swing body 85 and the side cover 86 is attached.

A hydraulic remote control valve 77 for switching pressure oil when the counterweight 68 is attached or detached is disposed in the upper swing body 85 and near the side cover 86. The operation lever 81 of the hydraulic remote control valve 77 is
The grip portion is arranged to be perpendicular to the side cover 86. The hydraulic remote control valve 77 is slightly higher than the bottom surface of the upper swing body 85 by the bracket 93. This height is preferably adjusted to a position where the operator can easily operate the operation lever 81 from outside.

In the side cover 86, a window hole 88 is provided in the vicinity of the operation lever 81. The window hole 88 is an operation lever access means by which an operator can operate the operation lever 81 from outside. In this window hole 88,
An access panel 89 is attached to open and close freely.
A hinge 90 serving as a rotation center is attached to an end of the access panel 89 on the counterweight 68 side. In the vicinity of the other end of the access panel 89,
A lock device 92 that can appropriately lock the access panel 89 and the side cover 86 is attached. The opening and closing of the access panel 89 is not limited to this. For example, the end opposite to the counterweight 68 may be set as the rotation center axis, or the upper end or lower end may be set as the rotation center axis. You may.

Next, the operation of the counterweight attaching / detaching apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. When removing the counterweight 68, the operator first releases the lock device 92, opens the access panel 89, and makes the operation lever 81 operable from outside.
Next, when the operation lever 81 is operated, the hydraulic remote control valve 77 is switched, the weight cylinder 71 is extended, and the counter weight 68 is separated from the upper revolving unit 85 and lands on the ground. Thereafter, the counter weight 68
When the connection between the counterweight 68 and the link 69 is released, the removal of the counterweight 68 is completed. After removing the counterweight 68, the access panel 89 is closed. Conversely, when attaching the counterweight 68, the operation of removing the counterweight 68 described above may be reversed. In this case, since the operator can operate the operation lever 81 without opening the side cover 86 having a large surface area, the operator can easily perform visual confirmation when attaching and detaching the counterweight 68, which leads to improvement in safety.

In the present invention, the window hole 88 is provided in the side cover 86. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the window hole 88 may be provided anywhere on the side surface of the upper swing body 85.

Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a side view of a main part of an upper-part turning body having a counterweight attaching / detaching lever according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a CC section of FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a DD section of FIG.

In the figure, reference numeral 85a denotes an upper revolving body, and a detachable counterweight 68 is provided at the rear end of the upper revolving body 85a. A side cover 86a is provided on one side surface of the upper swing body 85a and in front of the counterweight 68. One end of the side cover 86a is openable and closable by a hinge 87a on a support member that supports a guard or the like that covers the upper swing body 85a that stands upright in front of the counterweight 68. Near the other end of the side cover 86a, the upper swing body 85a and the side cover 86
and a lock device 91a capable of appropriately locking the lock device 91a.

Next to the side cover 86a (on the opposite side of the counterweight 68), there is provided a panel 96 which is an operation lever access means which can be freely opened and closed. The lower end of the panel 96 is connected to the upper swing body 85a by a pair of hinges 90a, and serves as a rotation center axis. In the vicinity of the upper end of the panel 96, there is provided a lock device 92a which can be appropriately locked to the upper swing body 85a. It is preferable that the panel 96 be substantially perpendicular to the side cover 86a when opened. A hydraulic remote control valve 77 having an operation lever 81 is mounted via a seat plate 97 at a substantial center on the back side of the panel.

The operation lever 81 is connected to the panel 96
Are locked to the upper swing body 85a, and are arranged to face upward. Thus, when the panel 96 is opened, the operation lever 81 is located at a position further away from the end of the upper swing body 85a, so that the operator can visually observe the entire counterweight during work. Also,
The panel 96 is preferably opened to a position where the operator can easily operate the operation lever 81.

Next, the operation of the counterweight attaching / detaching apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. When removing the counterweight 68, the operator first releases the lock device 92a, opens the panel 96 to the front, and makes the operation lever 81 operable from the outside.
Next, when the operation lever 81 is operated, the hydraulic remote control valve 77 is switched, the weight cylinder 71 is extended, and the counter weight 68 is separated from the upper revolving unit 85 and lands on the ground. Thereafter, the counter weight 68
When the connection between the counterweight 68 and the link 69 is released, the removal of the counterweight 68 is completed. After removing the counterweight 68, the access panel 89 is closed. Conversely, when attaching the counterweight 68, the operation of removing the counterweight 68 described above may be reversed. In this case, since the operator can operate the operation lever 81 without opening the side cover 86a having a large surface area and at a position away from the upper swing body 85a, it is possible to easily perform a visual check when attaching and detaching the counterweight. Can lead to improved safety.

In this embodiment, the panel 96 is hinged so as to be openable and closable in the vertical direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

Next, two embodiments of the invention for improving the safety by preventing the operator from attaching an empty hand to the counterweight during attachment / detachment will be described below.

Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the embodiment.

In the figure, reference numeral 72 denotes a hydraulic pump,
This hydraulic pump 72 draws pressure oil from the tank 79,
The pressure oil is supplied to the weight cylinder 71. A counterbalance valve 78 is attached to the weight cylinder 71, and when the counterweight 68 is removed,
This prevents the counterweight 68 from falling due to its own weight. A cylinder pilot switching valve 76 is provided between the weight cylinder 71 and the hydraulic pump 72. The switching of the cylinder pilot switching valve 76 is performed by operating the hydraulic remote control valve 77 with the operation lever 81. further,
This cylinder pilot switching valve 76 and hydraulic pump 72
, A pilot valve 74 for opening and closing is provided. The switching of the hydraulic remote control valve 74 is performed by switching the opening / closing hydraulic remote control valve 75 to an auxiliary lever 80 serving as operation lever auxiliary means.
It is performed by operating with. 73 is a pilot pump, and this pilot pump 73 is
The pilot pressure oil for the operation lever 81 and the auxiliary lever 80 is supplied.

In the present invention, the open / close pilot valve 7 is used.
4 is a cylinder pilot switching valve 76 and a hydraulic pump 72
However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be provided between the cylinder pilot switching valve 76 and the weight cylinder 71. That is, the open / close pilot valve 74 is
Any location between the weight cylinder 71 and the hydraulic pump 72, as long as it can be mounted in series with the cylinder pilot switching valve 76, may be used.

Next, the operation of the third embodiment according to the present invention will be described. When attaching and detaching the counterweight 68, the operator simultaneously operates the operation lever 81 and the auxiliary lever 80 to operate the hydraulic remote control valve 77 for cylinders and the hydraulic remote control valve 75 for opening and closing, so that both pilot switching valves 76, 74, the opening oil passage position (the position A of the opening / closing pilot switching valve 74, the cylinder pilot pilot switching valve 74, and the N2 position of the cylinder pilot switching valve 76). When the switching valve 76 is switched to the B position or the C position), the work of attaching and detaching the counterweight is performed while maintaining the open oil passage position state. It should be noted that the setting was made such that when the switching operation was stopped, the oil pressure automatically returned to the shutoff oil passage positions N1 and N2.

According to this, when the counterweight 68 is attached or detached, both hands of the operator do not separate from the operation lever 81 and the auxiliary lever 80, so that the operator works with the counterweight 68. This eliminates worries and improves safety.

Next, a fourth embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 shows a fourth embodiment according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the embodiment.

In the figure, reference numeral 72 denotes a hydraulic pump,
This hydraulic pump 72 draws pressure oil from the tank 79,
The pressure oil is supplied to the weight cylinder 71. A counterbalance valve 78 is attached to the weight cylinder 71. When the counterweight 68 is removed,
This prevents the counterweight 68 from falling due to its own weight. A cylinder pilot switching valve 76 is provided between the weight cylinder 71 and the hydraulic pump 72. The switching of the cylinder pilot switching valve 76 is performed by operating the hydraulic remote control valve 77 with the operation lever 81. further,
The cylinder pilot switching valve 76 and the hydraulic pump 72
, An opening / closing pilot valve 74a is provided. The switching of the hydraulic remote control valve 74a is performed by exciting the current from the power supply 84 to the solenoid 82. Between this power supply 84 and the solenoid 82, a switch 83 as an operation lever assisting means is arranged. This switch 83 excites the solenoid 82 only during the ON operation. 73 is
A pilot pump;
Supplies the pilot pressure oil for the operation lever 81.

In the present invention, the open / close pilot valve 7 is used.
4 is a cylinder pilot switching valve 76 and a hydraulic pump 72
However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be provided between the cylinder pilot switching valve 76 and the weight cylinder 71. That is, the open / close pilot valve 74 is
Any location between the weight cylinder 71 and the hydraulic pump 72, as long as it can be mounted in series with the cylinder pilot switching valve 76, may be used.

Next, the operation of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention will be described. When attaching and detaching the counterweight 68, the operator simultaneously operates the operation lever 81 and the switch 83 to move both pilot switching valves 76 and 74a to the shutoff oil passage position (N of the opening / closing pilot switching valve 74a).
1 position, the N2 position of the cylinder pilot switching valve 76) from the open oil passage position (opening / closing pilot switching valve 74).
When the position is switched to the position (a) or the position (b) or position (c) of the cylinder pilot switching valve 76), the counterweight is attached and detached while maintaining the open oil passage position. It should be noted that the setting was made such that when the switching operation was stopped, the oil pressure automatically returned to the shutoff oil passage positions N1 and N2.

According to this, when attaching and detaching the counterweight 68, both hands of the operator do not separate from the operation lever 81 and the switch 83, so that the operator can work with the counterweight 68 attached. Eliminate worry and improve safety.

It should be noted that the counterweight attaching / detaching device of the present invention can be applied to any device as long as it comprises a hydraulic cylinder and an operating lever.

[0052]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the operation lever can be operated even when the side cover that greatly obstructs the view when the counterweight is attached or detached can be operated by the operator, so that the operator can easily confirm the attachment / detachment state visually. This leads to improved safety in attaching and detaching the counterweight.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the operator can operate the operation lever without opening the side cover, so that the operator can easily visually confirm the attachment / detachment state and improve the safety in attaching / detaching the counterweight. Connect.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the operation lever can be hidden in the upper revolving body except for attaching and detaching the counterweight, which leads to improvement of the appearance.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the operation lever can be operated even when the side cover that greatly obstructs the view when the counterweight is attached or detached, and the operation lever can be operated at a position away from the upper revolving unit. , The operator can easily check the attachment / detachment state visually and work at a position away from the counterweight, which leads to further improvement in safety in attaching / detaching the counterweight.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when attaching and detaching the counterweight, the operator needs to operate both the operating lever and the operating means at the same time. Disappears, leading to improved safety.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a counterweight attaching / detaching device of a construction machine.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a main part of the upper swing body provided with the counterweight attaching / detaching lever according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross section taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view showing a BB cross section of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a main part of an upper swing body provided with a lever for attaching and detaching a counterweight according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a cross section taken along line CC of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a view showing a DD section of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a third embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a partially cut-away side view of a hydraulic excavator provided with a conventional counterweight attaching / detaching device.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a main part of a conventional hydraulic shovel having a cover that can be freely opened and closed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 68 Counter weight 77 Operating lever 80 Auxiliary lever 83 Switch 85, 85a Upper swing body 86, 86a Side cover 88 Window hole 89 Access panel 96 Panel

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hiroaki Iwamitsu 3-12-4 Gion, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima F-term in Aburaya Heavy Industries, Ltd. (reference) 2D015 FA03

Claims (5)

[Claims] In a construction machine, an operation lever for operating a counterweight attaching / detaching device is housed in an upper revolving body, and a side cover is attached to a side surface of the upper revolving body so as to be openable and closable. A construction lever provided on the side surface of the upper revolving superstructure, wherein an operation lever access means capable of operating the operation lever from the outside in the state of (1) is provided. 2. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the operation lever access means is a window hole provided on a side surface of the upper swing body. 3. The construction machine according to claim 2, further comprising an access panel capable of opening or closing the window hole. 4. The construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the operation lever access means is an openable and closable panel to which the operation lever is attached on a back surface. 5. A construction machine having an operation lever for operating a counterweight attachment / detachment device, wherein an operation lever assisting means is provided for enabling attachment / detachment of the counterweight only when operated simultaneously with the operation lever. And construction machinery.