JP2000081429A - High precision easy measurement device for leaching amount of fertilizer constituent and environmental contaminant and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively collect infiltrating water without respect to a soil property by comprising first and second infiltration chambers arranged in a soil infiltrating water collecting device and a tensiometer and the like buried in the soil in the vicinity of the collecting device. SOLUTION: A leaching amount measurement device measuring a fertilizer constituent and the like in soil infiltrating water is constructed of a collecting device 21 provided with a first infiltration chamber 24, in which water from a sample chamber 41 moves in a capillary sheet 57a so as to be collected, and a second infiltration chamber 31, in which sample water is collected through a porous plate, and a tensiometer 59 connected to a controller 60 and provided with a built-in pressure sensor, and the like. In collection of water from dry soil according to a tension capillary lysimeter method, the infiltration chambers 24, 31 are shut off from the atmosphere and a vacuum pump 65 is operated so that a suction pressure and water condition in the soil are equilibrated, and consequently, water is collected into the inside of the infiltration chamber 31. In the case of a capillary lysimeter method, the infiltration chamber 24 is set to an atmospheric pressure, and water is collected through a rod type capillary part 57b.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a highly accurate and simple method for measuring the amount of leaching of fertilizer components and environmental pollutants, etc., for measuring permeated water contained in soil in a state close to nature or at a predetermined potential when buried in soil. It concerns the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Water pollution in closed water areas such as lakes and swamps has recently become a major pollution problem. The main cause of pollution in this closed water area is the eutrophication phenomenon caused by the incorporation of fertilizer components contained in rainwater and wastewater flowing from nearby fields and golf courses, and domestic wastewater from residential areas and the like. It is said that.

[0003] Methods for monitoring (measuring) the amount of leaching of fertilizer components and the like in an actual field include a method using a porous cup and a tensiometer (soil moisture meter), and a method for sampling and analyzing soil by depth. There is a way. In the former method, the management of the tensiometer is complicated and a large number of parameters are required for the analysis. Therefore, it takes too much technical knowledge and effort to grasp the amount of leaching, and a porous cup for collecting the soil solution. Is too high, so that there is a problem that soil water adsorbed on the soil is collected. The latter method is
A hole is drilled in the field each time to collect soil at different depths, and fertilizer components and the like contained therein are analyzed. The holes changed the water dynamics, and had a problem that a long-term investigation could not be performed.

[0004] Here, an apparatus 1 based on the capillary lysimeter method is, as shown in FIG.
Is provided with a permeation tank 3 for collecting and storing permeated water, and a sample chamber 5 for filling sample soil upward through a capillary 4 is formed. The other end of a sampling pipe 7 having one end connected to an outlet 6 provided in the center of the bottom of the infiltration tank 3 is exposed to the ground surface, and the other end of an open-to-atmosphere pipe 8 having one end rising into the infiltration tank 3. Is exposed to the surface of the earth and communicates with the atmosphere.

When the apparatus 1 is buried in a predetermined location in the soil, the pressure in the infiltration tank 3 and the atmospheric pressure communicate with each other through an open-to-atmosphere pipe 8. The water contained in the formed soil column X penetrates downward by gravity in a state close to nature, passes through the capillary 4, and is stored in the permeation tank 3.

The present apparatus 1 uses a column height or a capillary-4, and the column X is formed by filling soil in free water under atmospheric pressure, that is, by filling the sample chamber 5 with soil.
Is set vertically, and the total potential K when free water, water between soil columns (or capillaries) and soil water reach equilibrium is expressed by the following equation.

[0007]

１ = M + O

[0008]

数 = −ρgh

That is, the total potential Ψ is the sum of the capillary potential M and the osmotic potential O, ρ represents the density of water (g / cm ³ ), and h is the height (cm) of the column X or the capillary. Represents-and g represents the acceleration of gravity. The total potential Ψ corresponds to the capillary potential M when the temperature of the free water is equal to the temperature of the soil water. However, the influence of the permeation potential O is small. At this time, the matrix potential Φ becomes an energy state having an equivalent value opposite to the gravity potential Z. This is represented by the following equation.

[0010]

Φ = −ρgh (erg / g)

[0011]

## EQU4 ## Z = ρgh (erg / g)

By changing the height h of the earth column X (or the inner diameter and length of the capillary) in this way, it is possible to arbitrarily set the matrix potential Φ to collect the permeated water of the soil.

Next, a tension capillary lysimeter
An apparatus 11 based on the air-tight method will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
3 is provided, and a sample chamber 15 is provided above the permeation tank via a filter 14. A vacuum pump 17 is connected to the other end of a sampling pipe 18 having one end connected to an outlet 16 provided at the bottom center of the permeation tank 13. The other end of the atmosphere opening pipe 20 provided with its tip rising inside the infiltration tank 13 is provided with an atmosphere opening / closing valve 19 protruding from the surface of the ground.

The apparatus 11 is buried at a certain depth in the soil, the air opening / closing valve 19 of the air opening pipe 20 is closed to make the inside of the permeation tank 13 airtight, and then the vacuum pump 17 is operated to operate the inside of the permeation tank 13. Is set to a predetermined suction pressure. Then, the water contained in the soil in the sample chamber 15 is collected into the permeation tank 13 through the filter 14 by the suction pressure.
Next, when the atmosphere opening / closing valve 19 provided at the tip of the atmosphere opening pipe 20 is opened, the pressure in the permeation tank 13 and the pressure in the soil located around the permeation tank 13 are balanced, and the suction pressure is lost. Therefore, by operating a vacuum pump 17 connected to the other end of the sampling pipe 18 having one end attached to the outlet 16 of the permeation tank 13, the permeated water stored in the permeation tank 13 is taken out to perform various measurements. .

The apparatus 11 uses a suction pressure of a vacuum pump or the like, mounts a filter 14 in a main body 12 buried in the soil, and applies a suction pressure to the filter to apply a suction pressure to the soil column X in a sample chamber 15. Moisture that cannot be retained is collected by suction through the filter 14 by pressure energy until the pressure in the permeation tank 13 is balanced. At this time, the matrix potential Φ of the permeated water has an equal value opposite to the suction pressure p.
This is represented by the following equation.

[0016]

Φ = −ρgh (erg / g)

[0017]

P = ρgh = (erg / g)

Here, Φ represents a matrix potential, and Z represents a suction pressure by a vacuum pump or the like. That is, the permeated water for each matrix potential is collected by changing the suction pressure, and the soil column X
The permeated water held inside the can be collected.

[0019]

As described above, in order to properly use the apparatus for collecting infiltrated water depending on the soil geology, two types of collection apparatuses must be prepared. It was uneconomic. In addition, as a result of burying one device and collecting the water contained in the soil, if sufficient infiltration water could not be obtained, it is necessary to bury the other device and perform the collection work, The work was inefficient and required a lot of work. In particular, it is important to know how much fertilizer components are contained in the water contained in soil such as fields, and by performing environmentally-friendly fertilizer management in accordance with the local characteristics, the closed water area To prevent water pollution.

An object of the present invention is to measure the amount of leaching of fertilizer components and environmental pollutants contained in permeated water of soil irrespective of soil quality with high precision and ease.

[0021]

Means for Solving the Problems As means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a first invention is a cylindrical first permeation chamber having an inner bottom portion formed in a moderately mortar shape, and a first permeation chamber. A lower body formed integrally with a cylindrical portion having an upper end opened and an annular second permeation chamber having an upper end opened with the partition at the center of the partition provided above the first portion; The other end of the first water sampling pipe having one end connected to the center of the inner bottom of the chamber, and the other end of the second water sampling pipe and one end of the suction pipe each having one end connected to the second permeation chamber are connected by a vacuum pump. The other end of the first atmosphere communication pipe having an upper end rising into the first infiltration chamber and the other end of the second atmosphere communication pipe having one end connected to the side wall surface of the second infiltration chamber is protruded to the ground surface, respectively. Atmosphere opening and closing valve is provided, the upper surface is opened and the inner bottom surface of the sample chamber provided inside is formed in a moderately mortar-like shape, A connection port for engaging the cylindrical portion of the lower body is provided at the center of the inner bottom surface, and a plurality of through holes communicating with the second permeation chamber of the lower body are respectively formed in recesses formed around the connection port. An upper body formed is provided, and a porous plate is removably mounted in each recess of the upper body, and a filter is removably mounted on the entire bottom surface of the sample chamber. A rod-shaped capillary portion, which bundles the center of a capillary sheet attached to the entire inner bottom surface and is disposed in the cylindrical portion, is disposed in the cylindrical portion. A sampling device having a built-in pressure sensor buried in the soil close to the sampling device, a switch and a star.
A button, a comparator connected to the tensiometer and displaying the measured value, a display part for displaying deviations and parameters from the tensiometer and the pressure sensor,
It is characterized by comprising a control device to which a data logger, the vacuum pump and a liquid level sensor are electrically connected.

That is, in the first invention, a suction pressure is generated in the second infiltration chamber through the suction pipe by the opening and closing operations of the first and second air on-off valves and the operation of the vacuum pump, so that the soil with low moisture content is generated. The infiltration water can be forcibly collected from the sample, and the infiltration water can be introduced into the first infiltration chamber by using the atmospheric pressure without opening the first and second air on-off valves and performing electrical control. It is also possible to collect. Further, since a tensiometer having a pressure sensor built into a permeable body is buried in the soil close to the sampling device, the pressure sensor balances the surrounding soil pressure with the pressure in the second permeation chamber. To enable automatic sampling of soil moisture. By providing the first and second permeation chambers in the collection apparatus in this way, the apparatus can be buried regardless of the soil quality, and when used, one of the permeation chambers can be properly used according to the soil quality to easily collect permeated water. .

As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a second invention provides a communication port at a center portion inside a middle portion of a long cylindrical body having a penetrating chamber whose bottom portion is formed in a moderately mortar shape. A partition having a moderately mortar-shaped upper surface and a filter removably mounted on the upper surface of a capillary sheet mounted on the entire inner bottom surface of the partition. A sample chamber is provided in the cylindrical body, and a rod-shaped capillary section that binds the center of the capillary sheet is arranged so as to be suspended in a communication port provided in the center of the partition section, and is provided at an upper end of the long cylindrical body. Matrix potential is controlled by adjusting the height by combining connecting cylinders having different heights.

Since the second invention has a simple structure and does not require electrical control, its operation and method of use are simple. In addition, since the capillary sheet is installed in a substantially mortar-like inclining manner and the center is formed in a rod-shaped capillary portion, the permeated water can be collected without waste by effectively utilizing the capillary phenomenon. . Since a porous plate is mounted on the upper surface of the capillary sheet, soil particles contained in the permeated water can be blocked, and the capillary sheet can be prevented from being clogged in a short period of time. . Furthermore, the height of the sample can be adjusted by superimposing connecting tubes having different heights on the upper portion of the long cylindrical body, thereby controlling the matrix potential.

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the first invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 3, a sampling device 21 for sampling water contained in soil includes a lower body 2 formed in a cylindrical shape.
2 and an upper body 40 formed in the same cylindrical shape as above, and connected by being vertically overlapped, and one or more connection cylinders 53a, 53b having the same or different heights on the upper part of the upper body 40 as necessary.
Concatenate. The connecting cylinders 53a and 53b have different heights so that the height can be adjusted to select an appropriate height based on the properties of the soil to be measured and the pore characteristics.

In FIG. 4, an inner bottom portion 23 of a cylindrical lower body 22 is formed in a generally mortar-like shape with a gentle inclination, and a first permeation chamber 24 is formed therein. One end of a first water sampling pipe 26 is connected to a first water sampling port 25 provided at the center of the inner bottom portion 23 of the first permeation chamber. Further, on one side of the inner bottom portion 23 of the first permeation chamber, a first air communication pipe 28 is attached with its upper end rising upward in the first permeation chamber 24. Also,
The other end of the first atmosphere communication pipe 28 is provided with a first atmosphere release valve 28a located on the ground surface (FIG. 3).

In order to close the upper surface of the first permeation chamber 24,
A second permeation chamber 31 and a first permeation chamber 24 are formed along an upper inner wall surface of a partition portion 29 integrally formed above the lower body 22.
Are integrally formed, and a cylindrical portion 32 communicating with the first permeation chamber 24 is provided at the center of the second permeation chamber 31 so as to rise upward. The partition part 29 which is the bottom of the second permeation chamber 31
, A second water sampling port 33 and a suction port 34 are separately formed, one end of a second water sampling pipe 35 is connected to the second water sampling port 33, and one end of a suction pipe 36 is connected to the suction port 34. I have. Further, the other end of the second atmosphere communication pipe 37 having one end connected to the side wall of the second permeation chamber 31 is projected to the ground surface, and a second atmosphere release valve 37a is attached to the end (FIGS. 3 and 4).

In FIG. 5, reference numeral 40 denotes an upper body also formed in a cylindrical shape, in which an inner bottom surface 42 of a sample chamber 41 provided for accommodating the sample soil is formed in a moderately mortar-like shape. At the center of the bottom surface, there is provided a connection port 43 for connecting the upper end of the cylindrical portion 32 provided at the upper center of the lower body 22. Around the connection port 43, the second body 22
One or a plurality of small-diameter through-holes 44 communicating with the permeation chamber 31 are provided, and each of the through-holes is positioned inside thereof to form a plurality of recessed portions 46, respectively. The lath plate 58 is mounted (FIG. 6). A connecting flange 48 is provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the upper body 40, and a concave groove 49 for mounting a seal ring 50 is provided below the connecting flange.

In FIG. 7, a connecting flange 48 of the upper body 40 is fitted to the upper part of the lower body 22, and a second permeation chamber is provided separately above the first permeation chamber 24 in the lower body 22. Room 31
Seal. Next, connecting cylinders 53a and 53b having different heights are connected to the upper portion of the upper body 40 as necessary. Connecting flanges 54a and 54b for connection are provided on the outer periphery of lower ends of cylindrical connection tubes 53a and 53b having different heights, and a concave groove 55 for mounting the seal ring 50 is provided on an inner wall surface of the connecting flange. It is.

When the sampling device 21 is buried at a predetermined depth in the soil, the connection tubes 53a and 53b
It is used as needed to adjust the height of the sample soil accommodated therein. By adjusting the height, the suction power of water contained in the soil, that is, the matrix potential can be adjusted. Usually, connection tubes having a height of 10 cm and 15 cm are prepared, but the height is not limited to this height.

8 and 9, reference numeral 57 denotes a yarn diameter of about 0.03.
A glass fiber or a chemical fiber (preferably a polyester material) formed to a length of about 7 mm and a length of about 200 mm is bundled (each bundle is about 1
100). The peripheral portion of the capillary sheet 57a is spread over the entire inner bottom surface 42 of the upper body 40, and the central portion is tied into a rod to form a cylindrical portion 3.
Hang it in 2. Reference numeral 56 denotes a filter which is disposed on the entire lower surface of the sample chamber 41 of the upper body 40 to enhance the affinity between the soil and the capillary sheet 57a, and to increase the affinity of the sample soil filled in the sample chamber by the soil particles of the soil. −G57a
Clogging is minimized. In addition, the capillary
And a porous plate (porous plate) 5 in a recess 46 provided in the inner bottom surface 42 of the upper body 40.
8 and soil particles from the sample soil prevent short-term clogging of the porous plate. As described above, soil particles from the sample soil can be prevented firstly by the filter 56, secondarily by the capillary sheet 57a, and thirdly by the porous plate 58.

The first infiltration chamber 24 is provided by the collection device 21.
A control device 60 for collecting and extracting permeated water stored in the second permeation chamber 31 will be described with reference to FIG. 3. The control device 60 includes a power switch 61 and a start button 62 and is further embedded in the soil. A plurality of tensiometers 59 are embedded around the device. In order to display the measured value of the tensiometer 59, a comparator 63 connected to the tensiometer, a display for displaying the tensiometer, the pressure sensor, and the deviation (difference between the tensiometer and the pressure sensor) are displayed. A unit 64 is provided in the control unit 60, and the deviation and parameters are set by the display unit.

The tension meter 59 accommodates a pressure sensor (not shown) in the cylinder main body, and has a penetrating portion 59a formed by porous sintering at the tip, and is connected to the comparator 63 and the display portion 64. ing. Further, the other end of the first water sampling pipe 26 connected to the lower part of the first permeation chamber 24 and the other end of the second water sampling pipe 35 and the suction pipe 36 connected to the second permeation chamber 31 are connected to the vacuum pump 65 of the control device 60, respectively. Connected directly or indirectly. The vacuum pump 65 supplies a suction pressure into the second permeation chamber 31 of the sampling device 21 or generates a suction pressure to take out permeated water stored in the first and second permeation chambers.

Reference numeral 66 denotes a data logger for logging the measured values of the tension meter 59 and a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the second permeation chamber 31. The measured values are stored in a memory card (FIG. 1). (Not shown), and the data is collected and analyzed by a personal computer. Circuit breaker 67, earth leakage breaker
The power 68 is necessary when using a 100 V AC power supply, but is unnecessary when using a battery or a solar cell. Reference numeral 69 denotes a liquid level gauge having an electric system and a water injection preventing device (not shown) and connected to a liquid level sensor or the like.

The depth of the hole in which the collecting device 21 is buried may be 30 cm or more, which is a depth that does not cause any trouble. However, a hole having a depth of about 120 cm is preferable in principle while dividing the soil according to the stratum. If the height of the sampling device is high by connecting the connecting cylinders 53a and 53b having an arbitrary length to the upper body 40, it is necessary to adjust the depth of the hole. After accommodating the sampling device 21 in the hole, the depth and horizontal position of the embedding are adjusted, and the embedding device 21 is positioned perpendicular to the ground surface. Next, the soil excavated by stratification at the time of digging is filled into the sample chamber 41 at the same density as the soil while the soil density is measured with a densitometer or the like, and the soil is buried in the original state.

In the following, the operation of the embodiment according to the first invention will be described. The sampling device 21 fits the upper body 40 above the lower body 22 to seal the second permeation chamber 31, and A predetermined capillary sheet 57a, a filter 56 having a filter function, and a porous plate 58 are mounted on the lower surface of the sample chamber 41.

In order to collect water from soil with low moisture by the tension capillary lysimeter method, first, the switch 61 is turned on, and further the start button 62 is operated to communicate with the first permeation chamber 24. (1) At the end of the atmosphere communication pipe 28, a first atmosphere open / close valve 28a located on the surface of the ground,
At the end of the second air communication pipe 37 communicating with the infiltration chamber 31, the second air on-off valves 37 a located on the ground surface are closed, respectively, so that the inside of the first infiltration chamber 24 and the second infiltration chamber 31 of the sampling device 21 is large. Incorporate and seal.

Next, a predetermined suction pressure is generated in the second permeation chamber 31 by operating the vacuum pump 65 of the control device 60, and the suction pressure is set to a value close to 0 to -1000 cmH2O. Is possible. Here, the suction pressure and the moisture state in the soil are balanced, and one or a plurality of tensiometers 59 buried in each layer of the soil adjacent to the sampling device 21 and connected to the comparator 63 and the display unit 64 respectively. The water content is displayed, and the display 64 sets the deviation, parameters, and the like. Further, the suction force of the vacuum pump 65 is automatically adjusted to balance the water condition of the soil with the suction pressure.

The water contained in the soil column X in the sample chamber 41 is:
The sample is collected in the second permeation chamber 31 until the atmospheric pressure and the inside of the second permeation chamber 31 are balanced. When the pressure in the second infiltration chamber 31 becomes equilibrium with the atmospheric pressure, the operation of the vacuum pump 64 is stopped, and the second atmosphere on-off valve 37a attached to the end of the second atmosphere communication pipe 37 is opened to open the second atmosphere open / close valve 37a. The inside of the permeation chamber 31 is communicated with the atmospheric pressure.

The permeated water stored in the second permeation chamber 31 is taken out through the second collection pipe 35 communicating with the second permeation chamber 31 by the suction pressure from the vacuum pump 64. In this case, the second
The open / close valve 37a is kept open. Further, the amount of the permeated water per predetermined time is measured, and the concentration of fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the water is measured.

Next, referring to FIGS.
To collect water from soil X by the lysimeter method,
The first air on-off valve 28a located on the surface of the first air communication pipe 28 communicating with the first permeation chamber 24 is opened to open the first permeation chamber 24.
Equilibrium with atmospheric pressure at the surface. At this time, the second atmosphere on-off valve 37a provided at the end of the second atmosphere communication pipe 37 that communicates with the second permeation chamber 31 and protruding from the ground surface is open.

At atmospheric pressure, the earth column X in the sample chamber 41
The water that permeates downward by gravity over time penetrates the filter 56 located at the lower end of the earth column X, and utilizes the capillary phenomenon of the capillary sheet 57a spread on the inner bottom surface 42 to form a central portion. The rod-shaped capillary portion 57b located in the portion moves and is stored in the first permeation chamber 24 through the inside of the cylindrical portion 32.

The permeated water accumulated in the first permeation chamber 24 is connected to the bottom of the first permeation chamber 24 by using, for example, a suction pressure of a vacuum pump 65 while the first air on-off valve 28a is closed. 1 Take it out through the water sampling pipe 26. The amount of the permeated water permeated for a predetermined time is measured, and the quality of the permeated water, that is, the concentration of fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the permeated water is analyzed by a predetermined measuring device or the like. No electrical control is required to collect the water contained in the soil by the capillary lysimeter method.

Referring to FIG. 10, the improved capillary-lysimeter method according to the second invention will be described. The bottom surface 23a formed at the bottom of the long cylindrical body 22a is formed in a gentle and substantially mortar-like shape. A permeation chamber 24a is provided inside the long cylindrical body 22a. A sample chamber 41a for accommodating the sample soil Y is provided above a partition portion 29a formed at an intermediate portion inside the long cylindrical body 22a, and a communication port 32a is provided at the center of the partition portion 29a. The upper surface of the partition portion 29a forms an inner bottom surface 29b having a gentle mortar shape and a downward slope in the center direction.

A rod-shaped capillary portion 57b, which is formed by extending the peripheral portion of the capillary sheet 57a and extending over the entire inner bottom surface 29b of the partition portion 29a and binding the central portion of the capillary sheet to the communication port 32a. Located within. The water contained in the soil sample Y in the sample chamber 41a penetrates downward due to gravity, and is collected in a rod-shaped capillary portion 57b provided at the center by capillary action of the capillary sheet 57a, so that the lower portion can be used without waste. It is stored in the permeation chamber 24a. In this case, a filter 5 is provided above the capillary sheet 57a.
6, soil particles contained in the permeated water penetrating the inside of the soil Y are blocked by the porous plate 58. Therefore, the clogging of the capillary sheet 57a is minimized, and the function is prevented from being deteriorated in a short time.

One end of a water sampling tube 25c is connected to a water sampling connector 25b attached to a water sampling port 25a provided at the center of the bottom portion 23a of the permeation chamber. Further, a pipe 28b having an upper part rising into the permeation chamber is connected to the air release connector 28a, and another air connection connector connected to the air release connector is provided on the atmosphere release connector 28a provided on one side of the bottom portion 23a of the permeation chamber. The other end of the atmosphere release tube 28c is located on the ground surface and communicates with the atmosphere. In this case, it is not necessary to attach a valve, a cock, etc. to the tip of the tube,
It may be attached as needed.

The operation of the second embodiment will be described. The infiltration chamber 24a is communicated with the atmosphere by an atmosphere release tube 28c and a water sampling tube 25c. Then
Moisture contained in the soil column Y formed in a state close to nature in the sample chamber 41a penetrates downward by its own weight, passes through the filter 56 located at the lower end of the soil column Y, and the inclined inner bottom surface 29b of the partition portion 29. The permeated water is stored in the permeation chamber 24a through the capillary sheet 57a mounted thereon and transmitted through the rod-shaped capillary portion 57b located in the communication port 32a provided at the center of the inner bottom surface. Can be.

Since the filter 56 is located above the capillary sheet 57a, the soil particles contained in the permeated water are removed by the filter action of the filter, and the capillary sheet is clogged in a short time. I will not do it.

To remove the permeated water accumulated in the permeation chamber 24a, a suction pressure is supplied into the water sampling tube 25c using a vacuum pump (not shown) or a manual pump, and the water sampling tube 25c is taken out. Erlenmeyer flask with the tip of the tube inserted (not shown)
Take out inside. In this case, if necessary, open air tube 2
If the end of 8c is temporarily closed with a clip or the like to block the entry of atmospheric pressure and the function of the vacuum pump is enhanced, permeated water can be taken out in a short time. The amount of permeated water per unit time and the concentration of fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the water are measured.

The present invention is the most basic type of measuring device which does not require a vacuum pump when measuring permeated water.
In this case, the adjustment of the matrix potential is performed by adjusting the height by appropriately combining connection cylinders 53a and 53b having different heights on the upper part of the long cylindrical body.

If the water contained in the soil column Y cannot be sufficiently collected by the capillary lysimeter method, the permeated water will be collected by the tension capillary lysimeter method described above. However, the second invention is convenient in a case where the infiltration water can be easily collected depending on the soil quality and where the measurement is easily performed.

[0052]

The first aspect of the present invention is to separate the first and second permeation chambers by mounting a filter, a capillary, and a porous plate on the inner bottom surface of a sample chamber provided in the upper body of the sampling device. By using a single device, the capillary lysimeter method and the tension capillary lysimeter method can efficiently collect permeated water regardless of the soil quality by using a different measuring method. In addition, a plurality of soil moisture meters connected to the control device are buried in the soil adjacent to the sampling device, and the suction power of the vacuum pump is automatically adjusted while measuring the moisture content of each soil layer to check the moisture status of the soil. Soil water is automatically collected because the suction pressure can be equilibrated and collected. Further, by integrally connecting the sampling device and the control device, it is possible to easily, quickly collect, analyze, and record permeated water.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the apparatus is simple and inexpensive, and does not require electrical control, so that the operation is easy. In addition, the matrix type can be adjusted by adjusting the height by combining the long cylindrical body with the connecting cylinder, and this is the most basic type. According to the first and second inventions, the capillary sheet is mounted on a gently substantially mortar-shaped partition portion or an inner bottom surface, and is mounted obliquely toward the center, so that the capillary phenomenon effectively acts. In addition, since the permeated water is collected into the permeation chamber from the rod-shaped capillary portion provided at the center of the capillary sheet, the permeated water can be effectively collected, so that the error of the measurement data can be reduced. There are advantages.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a cross section of a schematic view of a conventional apparatus for collecting permeated water by a capillary lysimeter method.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a cross section of a schematic view of a conventional apparatus for collecting permeated water by a tension capillary meter method.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view of the simplified measuring device according to the first invention, partially cut away;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a lower body in which piping is partially omitted.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a connection cylinder is connected to an upper part of an upper body.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a partially omitted cross-sectional view of a simple measuring device showing a state of collecting permeated water by a capillary-lysimeter method.

FIG. 8 is a partially omitted cross-sectional view of a simplified measuring device showing a state of collecting permeated water by a tension capillary meter method.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part showing a state where a filter, a capillary sheet, and a porous plate are attached to a connecting portion between a lower body and an upper body.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of an apparatus for collecting permeated water by an improved capillary-lysimeter method according to the second invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Sampling apparatus 22 Lower body 22a Long cylindrical body 23 Inner bottom part 23a Bottom part 24 1st infiltration chamber 24a Infiltration chamber 25a Sampling port 25c Sampling tube 26 1st sampling pipe 28 1st air communication pipe 28a 1st air opening and closing Valve 28b Pipe 28c Air release tube 29 Partition part 29a Partition part 29b Inner bottom surface 31 Second permeation chamber 32 Cylindrical part 32a Communication port 35 Second water sampling pipe 37 Second air communication pipe 40 Upper body 41 Sample chamber 41a Sample chamber 42 Inner bottom 43 Connection port 44 Opening 48 Connection flange 53a Connection tube 53b Connection tube 56 Filter 57a Capillary sheet 57b Bar-shaped capillary section 58 Porous plate 59 Tensiometer 60 Control device 65 Vacuum pump

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Morihiro Maeda 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Pref. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Agricultural Research Center (72) Inventor Akiyo Oshima 7 Hisashi Nishio Arakawa-ku, Tokyo −60-3 Daikurika Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical first infiltration chamber having an inner bottom formed in a moderately mortar-like shape, a cylindrical portion having an upper end opened at the center of a partition provided above the first infiltration chamber, and the partition. A lower body formed integrally with an annular second permeation chamber having an upper end opened at the portion, and the other end of a first water sampling pipe having one end connected to the center of the inner bottom of the first permeation chamber; The second water sampling pipe and the other end of the suction pipe each having one end connected to the second permeation chamber are connected to each other by a vacuum pump, and a first atmospheric communication pipe having an upper end rising into the first permeation chamber and the first air communication pipe. The other end of the second atmosphere communication pipe, one end of which is connected to the side wall surface of the second permeation chamber, is respectively protruded to the surface of the ground, and the first and second atmosphere on-off valves are respectively provided. Is formed in a moderately mortar-like shape, and a connection port for engaging the cylindrical portion of the lower body is provided at the center of the inner bottom surface. An upper body having a plurality of through holes communicating with the second permeation chamber of the lower body is provided in a plurality of recesses formed in the periphery, and a porous plate is attached to each of the recesses of the upper body. A rod-shaped capillary which is detachably mounted on the entire bottom surface of the sample chamber and detachably mounted on the bottom surface of the sample chamber, and which is located below the filter and bundles the center of the capillary sheet mounted on the entire inner bottom surface. A collecting device in which a minus portion is disposed in the cylindrical portion, and a connecting flange portion provided at an outer peripheral lower end of the upper body is air-tightly connected to an upper end of the lower body, and buried in soil close to the collecting device. A tension meter with a built-in pressure sensor, a switch, a start button, a comparator connected to the tension meter and displaying the measured value, a deviation and a parameter from the tension meter and the pressure sensor. Display to display data Department, date
A high-precision simple measuring device for leaching amounts of fertilizer components and environmental pollutants, which comprises a control device electrically connected to a taro, the vacuum pump, and a liquid level sensor. 2. A middle portion of a long cylindrical body having a permeation chamber whose bottom portion is formed in a moderately mortar-like shape, having a communication port in the center portion and having a gently mortar-shaped upper surface. A partition is provided, a filter is removably mounted on the upper surface of a capillary sheet mounted on the entire inner bottom surface of the partition, and a sample chamber is provided in the long cylindrical body. A rod-shaped capillary portion provided with a bundled center is arranged so as to be suspended in a communication port provided at the center of the partition portion, and connection tubes having different heights are combined at the upper end of the long tubular body. A high-precision simple measurement device for the amount of leaching of fertilizer components and environmental pollutants, characterized in that the matrix potential is controlled by adjusting the volume.