JP2000073471A - Fire preventive and resistive structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve fire preventive and resistive performance at the mutual joining sites of unit members such as a square timber using a woody material as a component or a panel or the like. SOLUTION: A unit member for construction such as a panel, a square timber, etc., is formed of glued laminated wood consisting of wood or the single material of wood, and recessed section formed to the joint surface of the unit member is filled with a heating expansion type fireproofing agent, thus constituting the fire preventive and resistive structure. When the panel A is used as the fire preventive and resistive structure at that time, a panel body 1 employing wood as a component is formed, recessed sections 2 opened to surfaces 1b, recessed sections 10 made up of a plurality of grooves 10a and recessed section 15 composed of a plurality of holes 15a are formed to the joint surface 1a as an end face in the cross direction, and the recessed sections 2 are filled with a heating expansion type fireproofing agent 3, which is foamed by heating or in which volume is expanded by heating.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire-resistant structure which is advantageous when adjacently joining unit members such as panels or panels made mainly of wood.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Wood materials have the advantages of low material cost, high strength by weight, and good workability, and they can also be used for finishing with the material itself. It has the advantage of excellent heat retention and humidity control. For this reason, there is a strong demand for wooden buildings.

[0003] In a building, when a fire occurs, the damage can be minimized if the walls and floors that partition the space do not burn out. However, in a building in which walls, floors, and the like are formed by connecting wooden timbers, panels, and the like, as shown in FIG.
Combustion proceeds from the joint portions of the panels 52 in the thickness direction of the panel 52, and particularly, the joint portion, which is a weak point, burns out and the flame reaches the rear surface and spreads the fire.

For this reason, in a wooden house, a fireproof material such as a gypsum board is disposed on the surface of a panel constituting a wall or a floor in order to prevent or minimize a disaster caused by a fire.
Thereby, the fire prevention performance is given to the wall surface and the ceiling surface.
Further, in a house having a steel frame structure, a fireproof structure or a fireproof structure is generally formed by forming a fireproof coating on a steel frame and forming a wall by a concrete panel or the like.

[0005]

In particular, in the case of a wall or a floor formed by connecting wooden timbers or panels, a gap is generated at a joint portion of these members. For this reason, in the event of a fire, heat is concentrated on the edge formed at the intersection of the surface of the member (for example, a panel) and the joint surface (the end surface in the thickness direction) with the adjacent panel, and the heat is concentrated more than other portions. Combustion progresses faster. That is, the surfaces in the two directions are simultaneously heated at the joint portion between the panels, so that the combustion depth of the edge portion is larger than that of the other portions. Once the gap between the joining portions is widened, the deep portion of the joining portion is directly exposed to the flame, and new oxygen is supplied from the gap. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Burning of the joint surface progresses, the gap increases, and burnout of the wall occurs. As a result, there is a problem that fire spreads to the back surface.

[0006] In order to prevent burn-out starting from the gap formed between adjacent panels as described above, it is sufficient that the gap can be closed. For this reason, the adjacent panels 55 may be joined to each other through the nut 56 as shown in FIG. 12A, or may be joined to each other through the navel 55a as shown in FIG. 12B. In this case, although it is not possible to prevent the progress of the combustion from the edge portion in each panel, it is possible to prevent the spread of the fire to the back surface until the fruit 56 falls off or the navel 55a is completely burned. . However, the time is not a value that can dramatically improve fire resistance.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fireproof structure capable of exhibiting a flame-shielding ability, a heat-shielding ability, and a shape-retaining ability for a fixed time at a joint portion between unit members.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems In a wooden house, in spite of the progress of burning of a part made of wood at the time of a fire, a flame shielding ability, a heat shielding ability, and the like required for performance for a certain period of time. Form retention ability (the ability to hold its own form by supporting loads that act regardless of the progress of combustion, "structural strength",
The same shall apply hereinafter) if they can be held simultaneously or selectively, and there is a tendency to recognize that they have fireproof performance. In other words, wood is a flammable material, but if it is used with a certain thickness or more, when the surface is burned, the carbonized layer formed in the burned portion has a heat shielding property and has a function of blocking air. Therefore, the progress of combustion in the thickness direction is prevented, and the combustion time is delayed. For this reason, it is possible to exhibit the fireproof performance of maintaining the flame-shielding ability, the heat-shielding ability, and the shape maintaining ability for a certain period of time.

In other words, if the progress of the combustion at the joint portion of the timber and the panel can be made equal to or more than that of another portion, for example, the general portion of the panel, a sufficient fireproof performance can be exhibited on the wall surface or the floor surface as a whole. You can do it. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a fireproof structure according to the present invention is a fireproof structure comprising a unit member containing a wood material,
A heat-expandable fire retardant is filled in a concave portion formed on a joint surface between the unit member and another unit member.

In the above fireproof structure, a heat expansion type fireproof fire protection structure is formed in a concave portion formed on a joint surface of a unit member such as a panel, a square member or the like, which constitutes a wall, a floor, a ceiling, etc., with a wood material as a component. When this fireproof structure is connected adjacent to another fireproof structure to form a wall surface, floor surface, ceiling surface, etc., a heat-expandable fireproof agent is placed at the joint. You.

For this reason, when a fire occurs and the edges of the unit members constituting the fireproof structure are heated intensively, the heat-expandable fire-retardant disposed at the joining site is accompanied by this heating. Expands and closes the gap, so that the progress of combustion at the joint surface can be sufficiently delayed. Therefore, the joint can exhibit the flame-shielding ability, heat-shielding ability, and shape-retaining ability for a certain period of time, thereby preventing burnout caused by the gap formed in the joint.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the above fireproof structure will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a view for explaining the configuration of a square bar and a panel as an example of a fireproof structure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a wall surface formed by connecting panels as a fireproof structure, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a first embodiment and a state at the time of a fire, and FIG. 4 is a second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an example and a state at the time of a fire, FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a third embodiment and a state at the time of a fire, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of a concave portion formed on a joint surface; FIG. 7 is a view for explaining still another example of the concave portion formed on the joint surface, FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a processing example when forming the concave portion on the joint surface, and FIG. FIG. 10 is a view for explaining an example of a method of filling a mold fireproofing agent, and FIG. 10 is a view showing an example in which panels as a fireproof structure are connected to form an outer wall.

The fireproof structure according to the present embodiment is made of a wood material and is configured as a unit member when building a house. The unit member is typically configured using a panel A or a square bar B as shown in FIG.

That is, the panel A shown in FIG. 1A has a panel body 1 having a preset length, width and thickness. The panel body 1 may be a laminated wood formed by bonding a large number of woods, or may be formed of a single wood. The end face in the width direction of the panel body 1 is
Alternatively, the panel body 1 is formed as a joint surface 1a, and a concave portion 2 is formed on the joint surface 1a over the entire length of the panel body 1 in the longitudinal direction. The recess 2 is filled with a heat-expandable fire retardant 3.

A square bar B shown in FIG. 1B has a square body 4 having a preset length and cross-sectional dimension.
The square body 4 may be a laminated wood made of wood like the panel A, or may be a single piece of wood. A concave portion 2 is formed on the two opposing surfaces of the rectangular body 4 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction.
Is filled.

In the present invention, the unit member is not limited to the panel A or the square member B, but is a member for constructing a wooden building, which is a constituent member composed of a wooden material. It is possible. For this reason, a case in which the fireproof structure is configured using the panel A as a representative of the unit members will be described below.

As described above, the panel A is constituted by the panel body 1 made of laminated wood or a single wood. The thickness of the substantial wooden portion of the panel body 1 is preferably about 50 mm or more. The panel body 1 having a thickness of about 50 mm maintains the flame-insulating ability and heat-insulating ability and retains its shape even when the surface 1b side burns in the event of a fire, while maintaining the fireproof standard. Capability can be maintained.

That is, by setting the thickness of the panel A to a value obtained by adding the burning allowance to the thickness at which the panel A can exhibit a predetermined strength, it is possible to prevent the panel A from burning while the burning allowance is burning. Maintain sufficient flame and heat shielding and shape retention capabilities. Therefore, by appropriately setting the burning allowance, the fire protection performance and the fire resistance performance corresponding to the set burning allowance are obtained.

In the event of a fire, the burning progress rate in the thickness direction of the wood is generally set at 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm per minute. However, the legal constant value for columns and beams of large-sized laminated wood is set as 30 minutes at a combustion depth of 25 mm and 45 minutes at a combustion depth of 35 mm. Therefore, according to the above numerical values, panel A with the burn-in allowance set to 25 mm has a fire resistance of 30 minutes, and the burn-in allowance is 35 mm.
Panel A set to mm can be considered to have a fireproof performance of 45 minutes.

The concave portion 2 is formed as an L-shaped groove formed over the entire length in the longitudinal direction at an edge portion which is an intersection of the joining surface 1a and the surface 1b of the panel body 1. Therefore,
The concave portion 2 is formed so as to be open on the surface 1b side of the panel body 1. The concave portion 2 is for filling the heat-expandable fire retardant 3, and when a panel A filled with the heat-expandable fire retardant 3 is built in a building, when a fire occurs,
The heat-expandable fire retardant 3 expands to close the gaps formed between the joint surfaces 1a of the panel A, between the joint surfaces of the panel A and the square bar B, and between the joint surfaces of the panel A and the other unit members. It does not matter what shape it can do.

That is, the shape and size of the recess 2 may be any as long as the above conditions can be satisfied. As in the present embodiment, the intersection of the joining surface 1a and the surface 1b of the panel 1 is the total length in the length direction. It is not necessary to form them over a wide area, and they can be formed to have various shapes as shown in each embodiment described later.

The heat-expandable fire retardant 3 filled in the concave portion 2 has a function of exhibiting fire resistance by expanding in volume when heated, and has a function of foaming and expanding in volume.
For example, a water-based acrylic thermal foam type fire-resistant paint certified by JIS K 5661 (three kinds of architectural fire-resistant paints), a fire retardant with a volume expansion of about 8 times that of the one that does not expand as much as the volume expansion due to foaming, For example, a fire retardant such as a flame-retardant rubber composite or putty can be used.

As described above, the panel A in which the concave portion 2 is formed in the joint surface 1a, which is the end surface in the width direction of the panel body 1 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction, and the concave portion 2 is filled with the heat-expandable fire retardant 3 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the joint surfaces 1a are connected to each other with the joint surfaces 1a facing each other, thereby forming a surface 5 such as an outer wall or a ceiling surface of a target building. As shown in FIG. 3A, a slight gap 6 is formed between the joining surfaces 1a of the adjacent panels A on the surface 5 formed by connecting the panels A in this manner.
Are formed.

The panel body 1 constituting the panel A in the above state
When a fire occurs on the surface 1b of the panel body 1, the surface 1b of the panel body 1 burns with the fire, and as the combustion progresses, the panel body 1 has a burned-out portion 1c indicated by a dotted line and a carbonized portion 1
d is formed. At the same time, combustion occurs in the concave portion 2, and a burned-out portion and a carbonized portion 1d are formed.

The volume of the heat-expandable fire retardant 3 expands with the combustion of the panel body 1 to form an expanded portion 3a, and the expanded portion 3a closes the gap 6. In particular, when heat concentrates on the edge portion which is the intersection of the concave portion 2 with the surface 1b of the panel body 1 and the edge portion burns, and when the combustion proceeds from this edge portion toward the joint surface 1a, the concave portion 2 The expanded portion 3a of the filled heating type fire retardant 3 covers the carbonized portion 1d that grows with the progress of the combustion of the panel body 1, thereby inhibiting the progress of the combustion and progressing the combustion over the entire joint surface 1a. Can be prevented. Since the combustion of the joint surface 1a is inhibited, the burn-out of the gap 6 is prevented, and it is possible to prevent the spread of fire to the back surface.

FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the configuration of panel A according to the second embodiment. Note that, in each of the embodiments described after the second embodiment, the specifications such as the material and dimensions of the panel body 1 constituting the panel A are the same as those of the above-described first embodiment.
Only the shape of. Therefore, the same portions and portions having the same functions as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 2A, a concave portion 7 which is completed in the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1 constituting the panel A is formed over the entire length of the panel body 1 in the longitudinal direction. The recess 7 is filled with the heat-expandable fire retardant 3. As described above, in the panel A in which the recess 7 is formed in the joint surface 1a, the plurality of panels A are connected to each other to form the wall 5
In this configuration, the recess 7 and the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3 filled in the recess 7 are not exposed, so that the finishing of the wall 5 is facilitated. In addition, it becomes possible to protect the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3 filled in the concave portion 7, and it is difficult to fall off the concave portion 7 even during transportation. For this reason, it becomes possible to previously fill the concave portion 7 with the heat-expandable fire-retardant 3 at the factory stage, and it is possible to stabilize the quality.

In particular, when a paint-based heat-expandable fire retardant is applied to a flat surface with a certain thickness, re-coating is required. In this case, much labor and time are required. However, by forming the concave portion 7 in a groove shape that is completed within the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1, even when, for example, a liquid paint-based material is used as the heat-expandable fire-retardant 3, a predetermined coating material can be easily formed. It is possible to form a thick layer of a heat-expandable fire retardant.

When a fire occurs on the surface 1b side of the panel body 1 on the surface 5 configured as described above, FIG.
As shown in the figure, the combustion proceeds from the surface 1b side of the panel body 1, and a carbonized portion 1d is formed on the surface 1b. Surface 1b
Combustion starting from an edge portion which is an intersection of the panel body 1 and the joining surface 1a proceeds in the thickness direction of the panel body 1 along the joining surface 1a. When the combustion proceeds in the direction of the concave portion 7 and the heat-expandable fireproof agent 3 is heated, the heat-expandable fireproof agent 3 expands, and an expanded portion 3a is formed between the joining surfaces 1a of the panel body 1. The gap 6 is closed. Further, even if a warp occurs in the panel body 1 as the temperature of the panel body 1 rises, thereby causing a gap, the gap can be closed.

For this reason, at the joint portion of the panel A on the surface 5, the combustion is inhibited by the expansion portion 3 a of the heat-expandable type fireproofing agent 3, and the combustion proceeds at a combustion speed substantially equal to the surface 1 b of the panel body 1. Thus, it is possible to prevent the joint surface 1a from burning out.

The method for forming the concave portion 7 in the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1 is not limited at all. But,
For example, as shown in FIG. 8, a pair of cutting blades 8 having an interval equal to the width of the target panel body 1 and forming a protruding blade for cutting the concave portion 7 are arranged. By passing the material between the blades 8, it is possible to configure the panel body 1 in which the concave portion 7 is formed on the joint surface 1a, which is both end surfaces in the width direction.

When filling the recess 7 with the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3, as shown in FIG. 9, the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3 is supplied to the inside of the recess 7, and the molded member 9 such as a spatula is used. By uniformly leveling the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3 supplied in the inside of the concave portion 7, it is possible to uniformly fill.
The method of filling the concave portion 7 formed on the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1 with the heat-expandable fire retardant 3 is not limited to the above-described method. It is preferable to use an optimal method as appropriate according to the fluidity.

FIG. 5 is a view for explaining the configuration of panel A according to the third embodiment. In the figure, the joining surface 1 of the panel body 1
In FIG. 1A, a concave portion 10 composed of a plurality of relatively narrow grooves 10a is formed over the entire length of the panel body 1 in the longitudinal direction, and each of the grooves 10a is filled with a heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3. Even in the case where the concave portion 10 composed of the plurality of divided grooves 10a is formed as in the present embodiment, it is possible to secure fire resistance performance, and particularly when the burning allowance is set deep, the heat-expandable fire retardant is used. It is possible to save. That is, the thickness of the heat-expandable fire retardant 3 is important to reliably close the gap formed at the joint portion of the panel A, and the heat-expandable fire retardant 3 expands once and the expansion portion 3 a When closed, the closed portion has a feature that it is harder to burn out than the general portion of the panel A.

As described above, by forming the recess 10 by the plurality of grooves 10a, it is possible to form a layer of the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3 having a predetermined thickness on the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1. Yes, it is possible to ensure the stability of the thickness. In particular, it is possible to protect and prevent the heat-expandable fire retardant 3 filled in the groove 10a from falling off in a better condition than the above-described second embodiment.

The panel A according to the present embodiment is obtained by conducting a combustion experiment by the inventor of the present invention, and each groove 10a has a width of 2 m.
It has a size of m and a depth of 2 mm, and is formed in six rows at intervals of 5 mm. The panel body 1 is made of cedar having a thickness of 50 mm.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the conditions under which the combustion experiment was carried out were as follows, assuming that the panel A would be warped during an actual fire.
A gap of 5 mm was formed on the side of the surface 1b at the joint portion of FIG.

As a result of the experiment, the heat-expandable fire-retardant 3 filled in the groove 10a closest to the front surface expands with the burning of the surface 1b and the joining surface 1a of the panel body 1, and the space between the panels A is expanded by the expansion portion 3a. Close the gap formed in the flame and join the flame 1
It was possible to prevent intrusion into a. For this reason,
The surface 5 burns with substantially the same burning speed on both the surface 1b of the panel body 1 and the joining surface 1a, and a substantially uniform carbonized portion 1d is formed.

FIG. 6 shows the shape of a concave portion according to still another embodiment.

FIG. 3A shows a plurality of grooves 10a formed in one joint surface 1a of a panel body 1 constituting a panel A to form a recess.
11 is formed, and the concave portion 11 is filled with the heat-expandable fire retardant 3. In this case, no heat-expandable fire retardant is disposed on the joint surface of the other panel A. However, even in this case, it is possible to prevent the joint surface 1a from burning out in the event of a fire and to prevent fire from spreading to the back surface.

FIG. 7B shows a case where a plurality of grooves 10a are formed in the same manner as in the third embodiment described above, and these grooves 10a are arranged in a staggered manner to form a concave portion 12. In this case, as in the third embodiment, it is possible to prevent burnout at the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1 and to prevent fire from spreading to the back surface.

4C to 4E show a navel 13 formed on one of the panel bodies 1 and a concave portion 14 formed of a groove 10a formed near the navel 13. As shown in FIG. Even in this case, as in the above-described embodiments, it is possible to prevent burnout at the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1 and to prevent fire from spreading to the back surface.

Further, the concave portion to be filled with the heat-expandable fire-retardant 3 need not be a notched concave portion 2 or a concave portion formed by a groove 10a which is continuous in the longitudinal direction of the panel body 1 as in the above-described embodiments. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of holes 15a can be formed in the joining surface 1a of the panel body 1 in a staggered arrangement, for example, and the recesses 15 can be formed by these holes 15a.

As described above, the recess formed in the joint surface 1a of the panel body 1 does not necessarily need to be continuous in the longitudinal direction of the panel body 1. That is, when a fire occurs and the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3 filled in the concave portion is heated and expanded, the expanded portions 3a of the heat-expandable fireproofing agent 3 come into contact with each other, or merge. Any structure may be used as long as the gap 6 can be substantially continuously closed.

FIG. 10 shows the case where the surface 5 according to the third embodiment is applied to the outer wall, and the surface 1b of the panel body 1 and the joining surface 1a are applied.
A notch-shaped groove 16 is formed at the intersection with the entire length of the panel body 1 in the longitudinal direction, and a waterproof sealing material 17 is mounted in the groove 16.

By configuring the surface 5 connecting the panels A as described above, the surface 5 can be used as an outer wall of a building. It is possible to prevent infiltration into the interior of the building and to exhibit the flame-insulating ability, heat-insulating ability, and shape-retaining ability against a fire generated outside for a time corresponding to the burning allowance.

[0046]

As described in detail above, the fireproof structure according to the present invention is composed of a unit member containing a wood material, and a heat-expandable fire retardant is formed in a concave portion formed on a joint surface of the unit member. Because of the filling, when a fire occurs, the heat-expandable fire retardant placed at the joint expands and closes the gap,
The progress of combustion at the joint surface can be prevented. Therefore, the joint can exhibit the flame-shielding ability, heat-shielding ability, and shape-retaining ability for a certain period of time, thereby preventing burnout caused by the gap formed in the joint.

In particular, since the concave portion formed on the joint surface can be processed at the same time when the fireproof structure is manufactured, it can be manufactured without increasing the cost. Further, when filling the recess with the heat-expandable fire retardant, the volume is set by the recess, so that the filling thickness can be easily controlled and stable performance can be exhibited.

When the recess is formed so as to be completed inside the joint surface, the heat-expandable fire retardant filled in the recess is not exposed on the surface of the fireproof structure. Therefore, the appearance is good and the finishing can be easily performed.
Furthermore, even when the heat-expandable fire retardant filled in the recess is cured, the heat-expandable fire retardant does not peel off and fall or break, and can exhibit stable performance. . For this reason, it is possible to manufacture the unit member in a state in which the heat-expandable fire retardant is filled in the concave portion formed in the joint surface in advance, and the quality can be stabilized.

The heat-expandable fire retardant filled in the recess expands in the heated region in order. For this reason, when the fireproof structure is burned during a fire, the fireproof structure expands with the progress of combustion, and even if a gap is formed between adjacent fireproof structures, the gap can be closed. Further, even when the inflated portion is peeled off, the unexpanded portion can be sequentially expanded, and the expansion can close the gap. For this reason, the gap formed between the adjacent fireproof structures is always closed by the expansion portion of the heat-expandable fireproofing agent, and burnout in this gap can be prevented.

When the concave portion is formed by arranging a plurality of grooves in parallel, it is possible to reduce the amount of the heat-expandable fire retardant filled in the concave portion while maintaining the fire resistance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a square bar and a panel as an example of a fireproof structure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a wall surface formed by connecting panels as fireproof structures.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the first embodiment and a state at the time of fire.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a second embodiment and a state during a fire.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a third embodiment and a state during a fire.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of a concave portion formed on a bonding surface.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining still another example of the concave portion formed on the joint surface.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a processing example when forming a concave portion on a bonding surface.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of filling a heating type fire retardant into a concave portion formed on a joint surface.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where panels as a fireproof structure are connected to form an outer wall.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating combustion of a wood panel.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a method of joining wood panels.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Panel B Square bar 1 Panel body 1a Joining surface 1b Surface 1c Burned part 1d Carbonized part 2,7,10,11,12,14,15 recessed part 3 Heat-expandable fire retardant 4 Square body 5 Surface 6 Gap 8 Cutting blade 9 Molding Material 10a groove 13 navel 15a hole 16 groove 17 Sealing material for waterproofing

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fireproof structure comprising a unit member containing a wood material, wherein a heat-expandable fireproof agent is filled in a concave portion formed on a joint surface of the unit member with another unit member. Features a fireproof structure.