JP2000044305A - Method for reclaiming and reutilizing scrapped poly(vinyl chloride)-based resins and other refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare aggregate reutilizing waste as resources by kneading a powdered mixture prepared by blending a mixture comprising shredded waste poly(vinyl chloride)- based resins and waste paper crushed in a flocculent state with thermoplastic resins, antiflaming agent and cement, followed by molding the powdered mixture, cooling it, crushing it and grain-grading it. SOLUTION: The method of this invention is to knead a powdered mixture prepared by blending (A) 100 pts.wt. composition comprising shredded waste poly(vinyl chloride)- based resins down to a few mm and waste paper crushed in a flocculent state, in which they are mixed in a weight ratio of (10:0)-(5:5) and which is heated to soften vinyl resins, with (B) 10-35 pts.wt. powder composition as a solidification stabilizer after heating the above composition, to extrude the kneaded product, followed by cooling the molded product, crushing it and grain-grading it. The powder composition B is prepared by mixing 10-30 pts.wt. antiflaming composition with 100 pts.wt. mixed cement selected from at least one of FUJI BETON, Portland cement, Portland blast furnace slag cement, or the like. The antiflaming composition is prepared by mixing 100 pts.wt. thermoplastic or thermosetting resin with 5-20 pts.wt. antiflaming agent selected from at least one of aluminium hydroxide, sodium silicate and CaCl2 along with 0-10 pts.wt. aid agent such as slaked lime, fly ash or the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

There are important precautions when kneading the composition A and the composition B according to claim 1. That is, the waste polyvinyl chloride in the A composition is converted into a range in which no harmful gas is generated (approximately 1).
(60 ° C. or less) to sufficiently soften, and the waste paper and the B composition are kneaded into the mixture. For that, heating and
A "heat kneading and extruding apparatus" for performing kneading and extrusion consistently is required. One example of this device is shown in FIG.

A composition 100 in which the same amount of waste polyvinyl chloride flakes and used paper crushed cotton are mixed in the same weight ratio
The composition according to claim 1 is used in an amount of 10 to 4 parts by weight based on parts by weight.
After mixing 0 parts by weight, the mixture is put into an extruder capable of heating and kneading. Generally, the heat distortion temperature of waste polyvinyl chloride in the A composition is 70 to 80 ° C, and the compression molding temperature is 140 ° C.
１８０180 ° C. The decomposition starting temperature is 160 to 17
0 ° C. Therefore, the surface temperature of the heater should be up to 17
0 ° C or less, the internal temperature of polyvinyl chloride is 160 ° C
As described below, it is important to eliminate the possibility of generating toxic gas due to thermal decomposition of waste polyvinyl chloride.

The A composition is heated by a heater together with the B composition, and the waste paper and the B composition are kneaded into the softened polyvinyl chloride by the rotating blades of a propulsion screw. Further, the extruder extrudes the AB kneaded material into a space near the ejection hole by the screw, and is crushed by the extrusion pressure of the screw and the ejection resistance of the ejection hole, so that the extruder is more uniform and compressed. Discharge the product from the orifice, strong.

The orifices of the extruder have several diameters of 5 to 10 m.
The softened kneaded material having m pores is extruded from these pores and exits. In general products, quenching after molding tends to avoid the risk of distortion of the product.However, in the case of the present invention, quenching increases the hardness by quenching. It is a welcome thing. Therefore, devices such as blowing compressed air should be installed as necessary.

[0005] The kneaded material, which has been rapidly cooled and has started to be hardened, is slowly stirred in a stirrer or the like and pulverized to a degree such that it passes through a 10 mm mesh. First, the mold powder fraction of 0.1 mm or less is separated and sent to an extruder, and on a sieve, the fine powder fraction of 0.1 to 0.3 mm is ideally about 20 to 30%. Here, the whole amount is sieved through a 5-mm sieve and separated and stored as fine aggregate of 5 mm or less and coarse aggregate of 5 mm or more.

[0006] The proportion of the volume of the aggregate in the concrete is as large as approximately 2/3 to 3/4. Therefore, in order to reduce the mass of concrete, it is advantageous to use a lightweight aggregate. The aggregate according to claim 1 is lighter (approximate specific gravity = approximately 0.6 t / m ³ ) than a commonly used aggregate (apparent specific gravity = 1.8 or more), and physical and chemical stability is low. There is a feature of the present invention in that it is not inferior. It is clear that if this is used to produce concrete, lightweight and strong concrete can be obtained.

[0007] Lightweight concrete is a general term for concrete manufactured to be lighter than ordinary concrete with a specific gravity of about 2.3. In short, lightweight concrete has the disadvantages of being lightweight, but having high water absorption and low strength. Therefore, when these are used for structural concrete, JIS A5
002. General lightweight aggregate is made by granulating and firing crushed shale or clay / siliceous raw materials. One type of lightweight aggregate is made of only coarse aggregate, and all types of lightweight aggregate are made of lightweight aggregate. These are called two types of lightweight concrete, and both are used for structural purposes. Their specific gravity is about 2.0 to 1.5.

As described above, general artificial lightweight aggregates are granulated and fired, and lighter weight means porous. Therefore, the aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the water absorption of the aggregate greatly affects the concrete product,
The main components are polyvinyl chloride and waste paper. In the production method, polyvinyl chloride is melted, kneaded with another mixed material, and pressed and molded to minimize voids inside the aggregate.
Therefore, while the water absorption of many artificial lightweight aggregates is between 6 and 18%, the present aggregate can be said to be characterized by exhibiting an extremely small value of 0.5 to 2%. The fact that the material is lightweight despite the absence of voids is due to the low specific gravity of the material itself.

In the concrete product according to the present invention, the above aggregate C composition is used, Fujirose and / or calcium stearate as necessary are added to Fujibeton as a hardening agent D composition, and the effect of waste recycling is further improved. In order to increase the water content, an E extender is mixed, water is added, and the mixture is solidified to form a product. The unit weight of concrete when ordinary aggregate is used is about 2.3 t / m ³ , whereas the concrete of the present invention has a difference of 1.1 to 1 although it varies depending on the waste to be treated. It is in the range of about 0.5 t / m ³ . If it is possible to obtain the same level of strength, a weight of 48% to 62% is sufficient, which is a significant building material.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present invention combines the recycling of waste with the manufacturing method of strong lightweight aggregate and lightweight concrete, and provides a low cost building material which is currently a problematic environmental problem and strong earthquake and fire resistance. It is an invention that solves many problems at once.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Most of the discarded polyvinyl chloride is in the form of a sheet. In order to process these, pulverization is an essential condition. Even for used paper, it is necessary to cut and pulverize it (to make a floc). It is considered that a material that is softened by heat, such as vinyl, may be softened by frictional heat generated at the time of pulverization, which may make crushing difficult. However, a satisfactory crusher (cutter) was available for satisfactory cutting. However, in some cases, a drier, a cutting machine, and a crusher for further pulverization (a crusher for crushing into a floc) may be required in advance. A process flow sheet shown in FIG. 2 is described as an outline for manufacturing the lightweight aggregate of the present invention. Before this process chart, a dryer for pre-treatment of polyvinyl chloride and used paper is required depending on conditions.

Extrusion through pores of 5 to 10 mm, after cooling, and sieving to separate into 5 mm under and over size is performed by passing through a 10 mm sieve through 85% or more of a 5 mm sieve. This is because fine aggregates, those that remain on the sieve at 85% or more without passing through, are defined as coarse aggregates.

When the strength of the aggregate itself is higher than the strength of the hardened cement paste, the concrete strength increases as the cement water ratio (C / W) increases. But,
When the strength of the aggregate is low, even if the cement water ratio is increased, the aggregate is destroyed, so that the increase in strength cannot be expected much. Therefore, when the cement water ratio is increased and the strength is increased, the aggregate strength is equal to or higher than the strength of the cured cement paste.

【Example】

Effect of kneading (recycled paper and) B composition into polyvinyl chloride Experiment is carried out on an iron plate heated to 160 ° C. by electric heating. 2. 150 g of finely cut polyvinyl chloride, 150 g of waste paper crushed into a flocculent shape, and 100% of Fuji Beton 100 instead of Portland cement in the B composition according to claim 1.
B mixed with 20 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide and 20 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide
The composition was mixed with 0.25 g, 60 g, and 125 g of four samples by hand.

For these samples, a flameproof test was performed.
The test was conducted according to the test method of the Japan Fire Prevention Church. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table 1]

Comparative Example 1 in Table 1 is an example in which the mixing of the B composition was omitted. As expected, the flame resistance was poor. As for the kneading property, it was difficult to mold the particles by sticking to the sticky and "spatula". Comparative Example 2 is an example in which the addition amount of the B composition is slightly insufficient. Both flameproofing and kneading were poor. Example 1 is a formulation near the center of the claims. Naturally everything went well. Comparative Example 3 contained a lot of solids that could not be dazzled by vinyl, and the molding was not retained, and the result was not good except that it was defective.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the flameproof test apparatus. The unit of the dimension is mm. The test determination method is as follows. After the test piece was exposed to flame for 30 seconds. HB class: extinguishes before flame reaches mark line at 25.4 mm, or burning speed up to 76.2 mm, 38.1 m
m / min or less. Grade V-1: The framing time is 30 seconds or less after removing the flame from the test piece, and the glowing time is 60 seconds or less after removing the second flame. V-0 class: After removing the flame, the framing time is 10
Within 30 seconds, grooming time after removing the second flame is within 30 seconds. Example 1 is an evaluation of the HB class, and in the present invention, the case where the after-flame time and the residual dust time are 0 is regarded as pass. Comparative Example 2 corresponded to the evaluation of V-0 class.

For reference, Table 2 shows the "apparent specific gravity" of the material measured prior to the experiment.

[Table 2] The above table is a simple value obtained by packing the dried material in a 1-liter cylinder and measuring the weight. Therefore, as a comparative value, it will be useful but cannot be used as an absolute value. River sand that was at hand was weighed as a reference value in the same manner.

An experiment on the strength of the aggregate according to claim 1. The 4-week strength of the mortar obtained by mixing the river sand 3 with the cement 1 and the 4-week strength of the mortar using the lightweight fine aggregate (under 5 mm) of the present invention are compared. The apparent specific gravity of this fine aggregate is 0.58 t / m ³ as described above, while the river sand is 1.84. 0.32: 1 difference. Assuming that the particle size distributions of these sands are similar and that the surface area of the particles per unit volume is equal, rather than comparing the mortar strength by weight, the volume that would have the same surface area per unit volume I thought there should be a comparison by ratio.

[0020]

[Table 3] Mortar with a weight ratio of 1: 3 is corrected by comparing the apparent weight of the light aggregate with the specific gravity. (This aggregate has an apparent specific gravity of 32% of river sand, hence 1:
1) From the above table, it can be seen that mixing the cement and the present aggregate at a weight ratio of 1: 1 is similar to mixing the river sand at a weight ratio of 1: 3.

The compressive strength of the mortar depends on whether the aggregate is a material having a higher strength than the hardened cement paste. Looking at the uniaxial compressive strength of Table 3, the river sand and the aggregate of the present invention are both aggregates having strength equal to or higher than that of the hardened cement paste, and are hard to give or take. The uniaxial compressive strength is a 4-week strength at an average curing temperature of 20 ° C.

Experiment on fire resistance Mortar (300 mm × 300 m) having the composition used in Table 3
mx 10 mm) were prepared for each aggregate. Keep this board horizontal and almost 20cm from the lower center
Separate and heat with gas burner. The temperature of the flame of the gas burner was estimated to be about 1,000 ° C, judging from its color.

[Table 4]

As shown in the above table, the heat resistance of the aggregate of the present invention is superior. Although we were concerned about the generation of chlorine-based gas at the time of heating, the present inventor was able to express almost no change as in the case of the "flameproof resin composition" previously applied for a patent. A phenomenon close to the sublimation phenomenon has only been observed on the surface.

In the scope of claim 1, a mortar was prepared from the C composition obtained from the A composition and the B composition other than the composition of Example 1, and the results of examining the flame resistance and the uniaxial compressive strength of each were shown in the table. 5

[0025] In the case of the composition A, the strength of the composition A containing waste paper seems to be lower than that of the composition A. However, in the scope of the claims, no abnormality is recognized in the flameproofing effect. In addition, the apparent specific gravity hardly changes in this range.

According to a second aspect, a method for manufacturing a lightweight plate by the apparatus for manufacturing a cast lightweight concrete plate shown in FIG. 4 will be described. The solidifying agent D composition is a mixture of Fuji Beton and 2% by weight of Fuji Rose. The lightweight aggregate C composition of claim 1 has the composition of Example 1, and the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are mixed in half and prepared in the same amount as the D composition. Further, as shown in Table 2, the apparent specific gravity of the E composition (pulverized waste) according to claim 2, which is a feature of the present invention, is significantly different depending on the waste.
The weight ratio of the standard mixing ratio described in (1) was provided, a trial product was manufactured, and its strength and other values were measured to determine the main mixing ratio. For the manufacture of the product, the C, D and E compositions are weighed and, after being blanched with a mixer, water is added and mixed for 3 minutes or more. Since the product is poured into a mold and compacted by a vibrator, the purpose cannot be achieved if the amount of water is too firm. However, since the water content should be as low as possible, an appropriate amount will be determined by conducting the test.

[0027]

【Example】

[Table 6] Can be regarded as 1.00 if rounded to the nearest. Therefore, it is considered that they are approximately the same volume, and 500 parts by weight (g) and 200 parts by weight (g) are added to each other.
As standard. Lightweight concrete is prototyped with this standard mix and physical properties are measured. (However, as a standard value, FP balun, which is a crushed product of urethane foam listed in Table 2, is 20 to 40 parts by weight because the weight is one digit lighter, and 100 to 500 parts by weight of incinerated ash having a high apparent specific gravity is used.)

[0027]

[Table 6]

[Table 7] In the above examples, except for Example 12, the combustibles were solidified, but all passed the flameproof test. The water absorption is 0.5 to 2.7%, which is a reasonable value. The unit weight of urethane foam powder (FP balun) is 0.1.
934 and concrete floating on water, but the flexural strength is 6
1 kg / cm ² , uniaxial compressive strength is 135.6 kg / cm
² and weakest. However, the water absorption rate is 0.5%, and there must be a place where it can be used by taking advantage of this lightness and the characteristic of not absorbing water.

Patent No. 25818 developed by the present inventors
No. 97 Title of the Invention There is a technology called a cementitious composition for a pavement surface layer. In short, it is a treatment agent that treats local soil with Fuji Beton and a synthetic resin emulsion (acrylic resin), trade name Thomas RP, to easily build a surface layer comparable to asphalt pavement. In the present invention, if the addition of Fujirose is stopped and this synthetic resin emulsion is diluted to a concentration of 30% and used instead of water, 1) the adhesive force between the particles is increased and 2) the water absorption is 0%.
3) Abrasion resistance. There are advantages such as improved weather resistance, 4) increased strength, and 5) even if heavy metals are contained in the solidification resistance, the elution thereof is blocked to render it harmless.

In Example 12, the incineration ash was treated, or there was a risk of containing harmful heavy metals, and the strength was the fifth in Table 7 and was not very good. Therefore, the addition of Fuji Rose is stopped, and the above-mentioned 30% diluted solution of Thomas RP is used. Dissolution tests for harmful heavy metals have not been conducted this time, but there are many other achievements.

As is apparent from Example 13, the water content of the diluted solution of the synthetic resin emulsion (Thomas RP) is used as the reaction water of Fujibetone, and the remaining acrylic resin wraps the fine particles of the waste, and removes the particles. While changing to water resistance,
It strengthens the mutual adhesion and contributes to the improvement of water resistance and strength. As a result, the elution of heavy metals is suppressed,
It is a useful treatment agent that has the effect of detoxifying waste.

Of course, when the physical properties of the standard composition shown in Table 6 do not match the intended use, the added amount of the solidifying agent D composition, the aggregate C composition or the waste E composition of the standard composition is changed. On the other hand, it goes without saying that in a certain range, it can be easily matched to the purpose. When calcium stearate according to claim 2 is added to the composition of Example 9 in an amount of 3% by weight of fujibetone, the water absorption is 2.
From 1 to 0.9, compression strength from 280 to 230 kg / c
changes in m ^2. On the other hand, although the water absorption rate is improved, the strength tends to decrease, which implies the possibility of using the stearate.

[0032]

According to the present invention, incineration of waste will promote global warming, and incineration ash will concentrate harmful heavy metals and float in the air, eventually harming soil and water systems. become. If you dump without burning, the dump will soon fill up, and eventually the earth will be filled with garbage. The present inventors have realized from an early stage that there is no way to solve this problem except for the recycling of waste, and have developed many specific methods to solve this problem. The present invention is an important invention which can be called the total settlement of accounts. In other words, it mobilizes many patents developed in the past to treat many types of wastes that are currently suffering from waste disposal, and is useful, but also needs a large amount of solid lightweight aggregate or They developed a method for easily manufacturing lightweight concrete. If this method becomes popular,
We believe that much of the waste will be reused to resolve global and global concerns, such as preserving the global environment. That is, many resources have finite sources and are depleted when used. In addition, waste is always generated with use. These can be said to be the causes that are currently causing the global environment and problems. Since the present invention is a technology for producing a useful product using the waste in question as a resource, the waste in use becomes a resource again, and the global environment is improved by the spread of this technology. Can be said to be a technology that does not have to worry about resource depletion. Such technology would be the technology desired in the 21st century

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a mixer capable of heating, kneading, and extruding according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Hopper 2 Retraction roller The roller rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the screw of the main body. 3 Kneading the screw A and B compositions in a cylinder 4 Electric heating plate The upper limit is 160 ° C. Reference Signs List 5 screw rotating shaft 6 motor 7 transmission 6 transmission of rotation of motor of 6 to rotating shaft 8 8 mouthpiece 10--5 mm ejects kneaded composition from ejection hole.

FIG. 2 is a flow sheet for explaining the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 Discarded polyvinyl chloride accumulation site 2 Loading crumb excavator 3 From waste paper dumping site 4 Cutter hopper 5 Retraction roller 6 Cutter body 7 Rotating blade (Cut to size of several cm 8 Sieve of several cm 9 Belt Conveyor 10 Used paper cutting machine 11 Used paper crusher (in cotton) 12 Hopper of stabilizer 13 Screw conveyor for transporting the stabilizer to 11 14 Load cell type measuring device When vinyl, waste paper and stabilizer are measured and reached a certain value Stopping, 15 Mixing hopper 16 Mixer supply is stopped until the supply hopper is empty. (Supply by a fraction of the cylinder volume, about every 5 minutes.) 17 Mixer cylinder body Mixing time Is 20-30
Minute 18 Kneader transmission 19 Same as above Motor 20 Spout hole base 21 Cooling hopper for still warm product (pressurized air is blown if necessary) 22 Conveyor belt conveyor 23 Sieve for removing fine-grained soil 24 Fine-grained soil storage box (Circulation use as a stabilizer) 25 0.5 mm sieve 26 0.5 mm under is stored as fine aggregate 27 0.5 mm over is stored as coarse aggregate.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the flame resistance test apparatus of the Japan Flame Protection Association.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Test piece 2 Holder of test piece Keep the test piece horizontal 3 Test flame 4 Wire mesh The unit of the dimension is mm.

[Fig. 4] Pour 1
Example

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Water is added to the mixture of the C composition + D composition + E extender, and the mixture is stirred and poured into the hopper 2 The mold is poured into the mold 3 3 The mold 4 The diaphragm (vibration is applied to the mixture poured into the mold) , Compaction and surface flatness are required.) 5 Vibration spindle 6 Vibrator base

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A waste polyvinyl chloride resin is shredded to several millimeters, and used paper is crushed into cotton.
Used paper is mixed at a weight ratio of 10: 0 to 5: 5 to obtain an A composition. To 100 parts by weight of the A composition, 10 to 35 parts by weight of the B composition as a solidification stabilizer is kneaded in order to impart strength enhancement, heat resistance, weather resistance, flame resistance, and the like. In order to knead the A composition and the B composition, the A composition is heated to soften vinyl, and the B composition which is a powder is kneaded into the mixture.
After extruding this kneaded product, it is cooled, crushed, and sized to obtain a concrete aggregate C composition. Supplementary explanation The composition B uses a flame-proof resin composition, which is a patent application number: Japanese Patent Application No. 6-201577 (title of the invention), filed in 1994 by the present inventors. The summary is transcribed as follows. (Abstract) (1) Thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin 100
Parts by weight, (2) 5 to 20 parts by weight of at least one flameproofing agent selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, sodium silicate and calcium chloride, and calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, lightly fired dolomite, Fuji Beton, Portland cement type A flameproof resin composition comprising 0 to 10 parts by weight of at least one auxiliary selected from the group consisting of cements, silica cement, alumina cement, slaked lime, fly ash and bentonite. At least one selected from the group consisting of the flame retardants and auxiliaries of (2) and (3) of the above flame retardant resin composition is used in the form of Fujibeton, Portland cement, fly ash cement, blast furnace cement, or alumina cement. A powder obtained by mixing 10 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of any one or two kinds of mixed cement is defined as the B composition of the present invention. 2. 100 parts by weight of the aggregate C composition according to claim 1, 1 part by weight of 99% by weight of Portland cement and 1 part by weight of a composition called fujibeton element as a D composition are mixed. The cement composition for hardening soil and the like developed by the present inventor, Fujibeton trade name of 90-110
Parts by weight, and 1 to 3 parts by weight of Fuji Rose, which is a kind of polyvinyl alcohol also developed by the present inventor.
Mix 4 parts by weight and place. 90 to 110 parts by weight of the D composition are mixed with 100 parts by weight of the C composition, and further as an E extender for enhancing the effect of the waste recycling treatment. Floc of vinyl, chips of waste plywood, floc of waste paper,
Provisional name FP which crushed incinerated ash and waste Styrofoam
From the crushed waste such as balun, wastes 1 and 2 to be treated on site are selected and mixed. The amounts that can be mixed are different depending on the apparent specific gravity of the waste, but about 1.1 to 0.6 times the volume ratio of the C composition is used as a guide for the amount of the E extender. The present invention relates to a concrete product obtained by adding an appropriate amount of water to a mixture of the C composition, the D composition and the E extender, mixing and stirring, and then pouring the mixture into a mold or extrusion molding. Supplementary explanation The above cement composition for hardening soil etc. (JP-A-10-25)
476), the brand name Fuji Beton is a 3
This is the second-generation Fuji Beton, and is a cement-based hardening material containing a total of 0.7 to 3% of a group of additives such as lignin sulfonates, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and montmorillonite with respect to Portland cement weight ratio of 99%. Is a kind of Therefore, rather than using Portland cement alone, it contains an AE agent water reducing agent, etc., it also has crack prevention due to drying shrinkage, long-term stability, and has heavy metal ion blocking properties, etc. It is a solidifying agent with many achievements. Fuji Rose is a kind of polyvinyl alcohol obtained by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, and the polymer is excellent in tensile strength, compressive strength, impact resistance and abrasion resistance. It should be noted that the addition of stearate to this has the property of having water resistance at the same time as foaming, and contributing to strength enhancement and weight reduction.