JP2000034114A - Carbonization and production of activated carbon - Google Patents
Carbonization and production of activated carbonInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000034114A JP2000034114A JP10202425A JP20242598A JP2000034114A JP 2000034114 A JP2000034114 A JP 2000034114A JP 10202425 A JP10202425 A JP 10202425A JP 20242598 A JP20242598 A JP 20242598A JP 2000034114 A JP2000034114 A JP 2000034114A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- raw material
- furnace
- carbon raw
- carbonization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、古紙、廃材、廃樹
脂製品等の有機性廃棄物を資源化する技術に係り、廃棄
物を炭化して活性炭を製造する方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technology for recycling organic wastes such as waste paper, waste materials and waste resin products, and more particularly to a method for producing activated carbon by carbonizing wastes.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、都市ごみ、下水汚泥、産業廃棄物
等の廃棄物は一般に焼却処理、埋立処理等が行われてい
るが、近年においては、資源の有効利用を図るととも
に、廃棄物による環境破壊を防ぐために、分別回収等に
よって得た廃棄物のリサイクルや再資源化することが求
められている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, waste such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and industrial waste is generally incinerated, landfilled, and the like. In order to prevent environmental destruction, it is required to recycle and recycle waste obtained by sorting and collecting.
【０００３】従来から行われているリサイクルには、古
新聞紙等の古紙を回収して再生紙とするものや、自然繊
維や化繊等の古着から繊維を再生するものや、ペットボ
トル等の樹脂製品の再生があり、ごみ問題に対する市民
意識の高まりによって回収率は向上している。しかし、
その再生コストが高く、市況の影響を受けるために、再
生紙等の再生品の利用は十分に広がっていない。[0003] Conventional recycling includes recycling used paper such as old newspapers into recycled paper, recycling fibers from used clothes such as natural fibers and synthetic fibers, and resin products such as PET bottles. The recovery rate has been improved due to the growing public awareness of the garbage problem. But,
Due to the high recycling cost and the effect of market conditions, the use of recycled products such as recycled paper has not been sufficiently widespread.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、古紙、廃
材、樹脂製品等は有機物であり、炭素成分を多く含んで
おり、これらを活性炭として資源化することができれ
ば、用途の広がりによって有効利用を図ることができ
る。Waste paper, waste materials, resin products, and the like are organic substances and contain a large amount of carbon components. If these can be recycled as activated carbon, they can be effectively used by expanding their uses. be able to.
【０００５】活性炭は、一般に有機物（炭素質物質）を
炭化、賦活して製造している。炭化には固相炭化と液相
炭化があり、一般には孔隙構造の発達した炭素を与える
固相炭化を行っており、例えば炭化装置としてロータリ
キルンでレキ青炭を炭化する場合には、３００℃前後で
空気酸化を行って、石炭粒子の表面を硬化し、流動床で
急速乾留し、炭化してチャーを製造する。[0005] Activated carbon is generally produced by carbonizing and activating an organic substance (carbonaceous substance). Carbonization includes solid phase carbonization and liquid phase carbonization. Generally, solid phase carbonization is performed to give carbon with a developed pore structure. For example, when carbonizing a lime blue coal using a rotary kiln as a carbonization device, 300 ° C. Air oxidation is performed before and after to harden the surface of the coal particles, rapidly carbonize in a fluidized bed, and carbonize to produce char.
【０００６】炭素質材料は、表１に示すものがあり、活
性炭の原料としては、表２に示すものがある。The carbonaceous materials include those shown in Table 1, and the activated carbon raw materials include those shown in Table 2.
【０００７】[0007]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【０００８】[0008]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【０００９】活性炭の製造においては、吸着特性に大き
な影響を及ぼす孔隙構造が炭化温度とともに変化するこ
とが知られており、炭化温度は炭化収率、比表面温度を
考慮して６００℃〜８００℃の範囲で行っている。In the production of activated carbon, it is known that the pore structure which greatly affects the adsorption characteristics changes with the carbonization temperature, and the carbonization temperature is 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. in consideration of the carbonization yield and the specific surface temperature. The range has gone.
【００１０】この炭化した原料にガス賦活もしくは薬品
賦活を行い、吸着力を発現させる。ガス賦活の主流は各
種の酸化性ガス（水蒸気、二酸化炭素、空気など）によ
る高温（８００〜９５０℃）ガス化反応である。[0010] Gas activation or chemical activation is performed on the carbonized raw material to develop an adsorption power. The mainstream of gas activation is a high temperature (800 to 950 ° C.) gasification reaction using various oxidizing gases (steam, carbon dioxide, air, etc.).
【００１１】しかし、上述した従来の活性炭の製造方法
においては、原料を設定温度の雰囲気中に保持して外部
加熱により加温しており、原料物質中の温度斑を無くす
ために、原料物質を加熱炉中に比較的長い時間にわたっ
て保持している。このために、加熱炉において活性炭の
製造に使用するエネルギー消費量が多くなる問題があっ
た。However, in the above-mentioned conventional method for producing activated carbon, the raw material is kept in an atmosphere at a set temperature and is heated by external heating. Hold in the heating furnace for a relatively long time. For this reason, there was a problem that the energy consumption used for the production of activated carbon in the heating furnace was increased.
【００１２】本発明は上記した課題を解決するものであ
り、有機性廃棄物から有用資源としての活性炭を、エネ
ルギーの消費効率の良い手法において造り出す活性炭製
造方法を提供することを目的とする。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing activated carbon as a useful resource from organic waste by a method with high energy consumption efficiency.
【００１３】[0013]
【課題解決するための手段】上記した課題を解決するた
めに、本発明の炭化及び活性炭製造方法は、適当形状に
成形した有機性廃棄物からなる活性炭原料を加熱炉内に
配置し、炉内に設定温度、設定圧力の賦活ガスを供給す
る状態において、活性炭原料にマイクロ波もしくは高周
波を与え、活性炭原料を内部加熱し、炭化と賦活を行う
ものである。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for carbonizing and producing activated carbon according to the present invention comprises: placing an activated carbon raw material comprising an organic waste formed into an appropriate shape in a heating furnace; In a state where an activation gas at a set temperature and a set pressure is supplied, microwave or high frequency is applied to the activated carbon raw material to internally heat the activated carbon raw material to perform carbonization and activation.
【００１４】この構成により、活性炭原料は内部加熱に
より成形体の内部側から昇温するとともに、炉内の賦活
ガスから受ける熱伝導による外部加熱により成形体の外
部側から昇温し、短時間に炭化し、同時に賦活ガスによ
るガス化反応により賦活される。With this configuration, the activated carbon raw material rises in temperature from the inside of the compact by internal heating, and rises from the outside of the compact by external heating by heat conduction received from the activation gas in the furnace. It is carbonized and is simultaneously activated by a gasification reaction with an activating gas.
【００１５】また、活性炭原料の成形に際して、有機性
廃棄物に比して炭素含有量が多く、適度な粘性を有する
成形助材を混練することにより、活性炭原料を容易に任
意の形状に成形することができ、炭化収率を高めること
ができる。[0015] Further, in forming the activated carbon raw material, the activated carbon raw material is easily formed into an arbitrary shape by kneading a molding aid having a large carbon content as compared with the organic waste and having an appropriate viscosity. And the carbonization yield can be increased.
【００１６】また、活性炭原料に誘電率の大きい発熱体
を混入することにより、発熱効率を高めてより短時間に
炭化を行うことができる。Further, by mixing a heating element having a large dielectric constant into the activated carbon raw material, the heat generation efficiency can be increased and carbonization can be performed in a shorter time.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面
に基づいて説明する。図１に示すように、加熱炉１は、
断熱材からなる壁体によって閉鎖空間を形成しており、
炉下部にターンテーブル２を有している。ターンテーブ
ル２を駆動する駆動装置３は炉外部に配置している。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the heating furnace 1 includes:
A closed space is formed by walls made of heat insulating material,
A turntable 2 is provided at the lower part of the furnace. A driving device 3 for driving the turntable 2 is disposed outside the furnace.
【００１８】加熱炉１は、炉頂部に賦活ガス４を供給す
るガス供給口５と、炉内の雰囲気ガスを攪拌するスター
ラファン６と、マイクロ波の照射口７を有しており、炉
側部にガス排出口８を有している。賦活ガス４は、水蒸
気、二酸化炭素、空気等の酸化性ガスであり、設定圧力
（０〜２kgf/cm2）、設定温度（８００℃前後）で炉内
に供給する。照射口７は導波管９を介してマイクロ波発
振器１０に連通している。尚、マイクロ波に代えて高周
波発信回路を設けることも可能である。The heating furnace 1 has a gas supply port 5 for supplying an activation gas 4 to the furnace top, a stirrer fan 6 for stirring an atmosphere gas in the furnace, and a microwave irradiation port 7. The portion has a gas outlet 8. The activation gas 4 is an oxidizing gas such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, or air, and is supplied into the furnace at a set pressure (0 to 2 kgf / cm 2 ) and a set temperature (around 800 ° C.). The irradiation port 7 communicates with a microwave oscillator 10 via a waveguide 9. Note that a high frequency transmission circuit can be provided instead of the microwave.
【００１９】ターンテーブル２の上には、トレー１１に
収納した活性炭原料１２を載置している。活性炭原料１
２は有機性廃棄物からなり、有機性廃棄物としては表３
に示すものがあり、ここでは古紙を使用する。古紙はパ
ルプに戻したものを成形するが、そのままのものを使用
することも可能である。The activated carbon raw material 12 stored in the tray 11 is placed on the turntable 2. Activated carbon raw material 1
2 consists of organic waste, and as organic waste, Table 3
Here, waste paper is used. The used paper is formed by returning it to pulp, but it is also possible to use the same as it is.
【００２０】[0020]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２１】活性炭原料１２は、粒状、ハニカム状など
活性炭製品として必要な形状に成形しており、その成形
に際しては、有機性廃棄物に比して炭素含有量が多く、
適度な粘度を有する成形助材として、水飴やタールピッ
チを必要に応じて有機性廃棄物に混練し、活性炭原料の
成形性を高める。また、活性炭原料１２には、必要に応
じて誘電率の大きい発熱体１３を混入している。The activated carbon raw material 12 is formed into a shape required for an activated carbon product such as granules and honeycombs. In the formation, the carbon content is higher than that of organic wastes.
As a molding aid having an appropriate viscosity, starch syrup and tar pitch are kneaded with organic waste as necessary to enhance the moldability of the activated carbon raw material. Further, a heating element 13 having a large dielectric constant is mixed into the activated carbon raw material 12 as necessary.
【００２２】上記した構成により、加熱炉１の内部に活
性炭原料１２を配置し、ガス供給口５から設定温度、設
定圧力の賦活ガス４を炉内に供給し、スターラファン６
で炉内の賦活ガス４を攪拌して雰囲気温度の均一化を図
りながら、マイクロ波発振器１０で発生するマイクロ波
を導波管９を通して照射口７から活性炭原料１２に照射
する。With the above configuration, the activated carbon raw material 12 is arranged inside the heating furnace 1, the activation gas 4 at a set temperature and a set pressure is supplied from the gas supply port 5 into the furnace, and the stirrer fan 6
The microwave generated by the microwave oscillator 10 is irradiated from the irradiation port 7 to the activated carbon raw material 12 through the waveguide 9 while stirring the activation gas 4 in the furnace to make the ambient temperature uniform.
【００２３】活性炭原料１２はマイクロ波による内部加
熱により成形体の内部側から昇温するとともに、炉内の
賦活ガス４から受ける熱伝導による外部加熱により成形
体の外部側から昇温し、短時間のうちに炭化し、同時に
賦活ガス４によるガス化反応により賦活される。この過
程において、成形助材は炭化収率を高めることに寄与
し、発熱体１３は内部加熱における発熱効率を高めて炭
化をより早めるものとして機能する。この炭化過程にお
いて活性炭材料から生成する揮発成分は、賦活ガス４と
ともにガス排出口８から系外へ排出する。The temperature of the activated carbon raw material 12 rises from the inside of the compact by internal heating by microwaves, and rises from the outside of the compact by external heating by heat conduction received from the activation gas 4 in the furnace. And activated simultaneously by the gasification reaction with the activation gas 4. In this process, the forming aid contributes to increase the carbonization yield, and the heating element 13 functions to increase the heat generation efficiency in the internal heating to further accelerate the carbonization. Volatile components generated from the activated carbon material in the carbonization process are discharged from the gas discharge port 8 together with the activation gas 4 to the outside of the system.
【００２４】図２は本発明の他の実施の形態を示すもの
であり、先の実施の形態において説明したものと同様の
作用を行う部材については同一番号を付して説明を省略
する。FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which members having the same functions as those described in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
【００２５】連続加熱炉２１は、投入口２２から取出口
２３にわたってベルトコンベア２４を有し、投入口２２
よび取出口２３に近い壁体に電磁吸収体２５を配置して
おり、炉本体部２６に、ガス供給口５、スターラファン
６、照射口７、ガス排出口８を設けている。The continuous heating furnace 21 has a belt conveyor 24 extending from an inlet 22 to an outlet 23.
An electromagnetic absorber 25 is disposed on a wall close to the outlet 23 and a gas supply port 5, a stirrer fan 6, an irradiation port 7, and a gas discharge port 8 are provided in a furnace main body 26.
【００２６】この構成においては、ベルトコンベア２４
の駆動によって活性炭原料１２を連続して連続加熱炉２
１に投入し、炉本体部２６において、ガス供給口５から
設定温度、設定圧力の賦活ガス４を炉内に供給し、スタ
ーランファン６で炉内の賦活ガス４を攪拌して雰囲気温
度の均一化を図りながら、マイクロ波発振器１０で発生
するマイクロ波を導波管９を通して照射口７から活性炭
原料１２に照射し、炭化と賦活を行う。In this configuration, the belt conveyor 24
Of the activated carbon raw material 12 continuously by the
In the furnace body 26, an activation gas 4 at a set temperature and a set pressure is supplied into the furnace from a gas supply port 5, and the activation gas 4 in the furnace is stirred by a star run fan 6 to adjust the atmosphere temperature to a predetermined value. The microwave generated by the microwave oscillator 10 is irradiated to the activated carbon raw material 12 from the irradiation port 7 through the waveguide 9 while performing uniformization, and carbonization and activation are performed.
【００２７】図３は本発明の他の実施の形態を示すもの
であり、先の実施の形態において説明したものと同様の
作用を行う部材については同一番号を付して説明を省略
する。FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention. Members having the same functions as those described in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
【００２８】回転炉３１は、一端側の固定部材に投入口
３２およびガス排出口８を有し、回転する炉体３３の途
中に取出口３４を有し、他端側の固定部材にガス供給口
５および照射口７を有しており、炉体３３を回転する駆
動装置３５を炉体３３の側部に配置している。The rotary furnace 31 has an inlet 32 and a gas outlet 8 in a fixed member on one end side, has an outlet 34 in the middle of a rotating furnace body 33, and supplies gas to a fixed member on the other end side. It has a port 5 and an irradiation port 7, and a driving device 35 for rotating the furnace body 33 is arranged on the side of the furnace body 33.
【００２９】この構成においては、駆動装置３５により
炉体３３を回転し、ガス供給口５から設定温度、設定圧
力の賦活ガス４を炉内に供給し、投入口３２から炉内に
投入する活性炭原料１２を取出口３４へ導きながら、マ
イクロ波発振器１０で発生するマイクロ波を導波管９を
通して照射口７から活性炭原料１２に照射し、炭化と賦
活を行う。In this configuration, the furnace body 33 is rotated by the driving device 35, the activation gas 4 at the set temperature and the set pressure is supplied from the gas supply port 5 into the furnace, and the activated carbon is supplied from the input port 32 into the furnace. While guiding the raw material 12 to the outlet 34, the activated carbon raw material 12 is irradiated with microwaves generated by the microwave oscillator 10 from the irradiation port 7 through the waveguide 9 to perform carbonization and activation.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】以上のべたように、本発明によれば、炉
内に設定温度、設定圧力の賦活ガスを供給する状態にお
いて、活性炭原料にマイクロ波もしくは高周波を与え、
活性炭原料を内部加熱して炭化と賦活を行うので、内部
加熱と外部加熱を受けて短時間に炭化し、同時に賦活ガ
スによるガス化反応によって賦活することができ、エネ
ルギー消費効率の向上を図ることができる。また、成形
助材を混練することにより、活性炭原料を容易に任意の
形状に成形することができるとともに、炭化収率を高め
ることができる。また、発熱体を混入することにより、
発熱効率を高めてより短時間に炭化を行うことができ
る。As described above, according to the present invention, a microwave or a high frequency is applied to an activated carbon raw material in a state where an activation gas at a set temperature and a set pressure is supplied into a furnace.
Since the activated carbon raw material is internally heated and carbonized and activated, it can be carbonized in a short time by receiving internal and external heating, and at the same time, activated by gasification reaction with an activated gas, thereby improving energy consumption efficiency. Can be. In addition, by kneading the molding aid, the activated carbon raw material can be easily formed into an arbitrary shape, and the carbonization yield can be increased. Also, by mixing the heating element,
Heat generation efficiency can be increased and carbonization can be performed in a shorter time.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態における加熱炉の構成を示
す摸式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a heating furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の他の実施の形態における加熱炉の構成
を示す摸式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a heating furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の他の実施の形態における加熱炉の構成
を示す摸式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a heating furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.
１ 加熱炉 ２ ターンテーブル ３ 駆動装置 ４ 賦活ガス ５ ガス供給口 ６ スターランファン ７ 照射口 ８ ガス排出口 ９ 導波管 １０ マイクロ波発振器 １１ トレー １２ 活性炭原料 １３ 発熱体 ２１ 連続加熱炉 ２２ 投入口 ２３ 取出口 ２４ ベルトコンベア ２５ 電磁吸収体 ２６ 炉本体部 ３１ 回転炉 ３２ 投入口 ３３ 炉体 ３４ 取出口 ３５ 駆動装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heating furnace 2 Turntable 3 Drive device 4 Activation gas 5 Gas supply port 6 Star run fan 7 Irradiation port 8 Gas discharge port 9 Waveguide 10 Microwave oscillator 11 Tray 12 Activated carbon raw material 13 Heating element 21 Continuous heating furnace 22 Input port 23 Outlet 24 Belt Conveyor 25 Electromagnetic Absorber 26 Furnace Main Body 31 Rotary Furnace 32 Input Port 33 Furnace 34 Outlet 35 Drive
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 上林 史朗 大阪府大阪市浪速区敷津東一丁目２番47号 株式会社クボタ内 (72)発明者 岡田 正治 大阪府大阪市浪速区敷津東一丁目２番47号 株式会社クボタ内 Ｆターム(参考） 4G046 HA09 HB02 HC08 HC18 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shiro Uebayashi 2-47, Shikitsu-Higashi 1-chome, Naniwa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Masaharu Okada Shikitsu-Higashi, Namiwa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 1-chome 2-47 F-term in Kubota Corporation (reference) 4G046 HA09 HB02 HC08 HC18
Claims (3)
る活性炭原料を加熱炉内に配置し、炉内に設定温度、設
定圧力の賦活ガスを供給する状態において、活性炭原料
にマイクロ波もしくは高周波を与え、活性炭原料を内部
加熱し、炭化と賦活を行うことを特徴とする炭化及び活
性炭製造方法。1. An activated carbon raw material comprising an organic waste formed into an appropriate shape is placed in a heating furnace, and a microwave or high-frequency wave is applied to the activated carbon raw material in a state where an activation gas at a set temperature and a set pressure is supplied into the furnace. And internally heating a raw material of activated carbon to perform carbonization and activation.
く、適度な粘性を有する成形助材を混練して、活性炭原
料を適当形状に成形することを特徴とする請求項１に記
載の炭化及び活性炭製造方法。2. The activated carbon raw material is formed into an appropriate shape by kneading a molding aid having a high carbon content and an appropriate viscosity as compared with the organic waste. And activated carbon production method.
入することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の炭化及
び活性炭製造方法。3. The method for producing carbonized and activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein a heating element having a large dielectric constant is mixed into the activated carbon raw material.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP10202425A JP2000034114A (en) | 1998-07-17 | 1998-07-17 | Carbonization and production of activated carbon |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10202425A JP2000034114A (en) | 1998-07-17 | 1998-07-17 | Carbonization and production of activated carbon |
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|---|---|
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Family
ID=16457307
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10202425A Pending JP2000034114A (en) | 1998-07-17 | 1998-07-17 | Carbonization and production of activated carbon |
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