CN115889417A - Intelligent activation process method for coal gangue - Google Patents
Intelligent activation process method for coal gangue Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent activation process method for coal gangue, belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and solves the problem that the prior art lacks intelligent activation industrialization, continuous, large-scale and clean production of the coal gangue. The intelligent activation process method of the coal gangue comprises the following steps: crushing and dedusting the coal gangue raw material to obtain a coal gangue material to be treated meeting the requirement of a preset granularity range; activating the coal gangue material according to set activation conditions to obtain an activated coal gangue material; the activation condition comprises a preset temperature and a preset heat preservation time after the preset temperature is reached; and performing cold quenching treatment on the activated coal gangue material. The process method has the advantages of low production cost, high efficiency, no pollution, low energy consumption, excellent working environment and the like; the activation effect of the process method is good, the process method can be used for industrial production, and the problem that industrial, continuous, large-scale and clean production cannot be realized by intelligent activation of the coal gangue is well solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to an intelligent activation process method for coal gangue.
Background
The coal gangue belongs to solid waste generated in the coal mining process, the yield is about 5 to 6 hundred million tons every year, a large amount of land is occupied in the stacking and storing process, spontaneous combustion is easy, and serious harm is brought to the environment. 10 departments such as national development and reform committee and the like release coal gangue comprehensive utilization management method (2014 revision) in a joint order, and the construction of permanent coal gangue storage yards in newly-built coal mines and coal preparation plants is forbidden.
The prior technical method for activating the coal gangue comprises the following steps:
the first is a chemical activation method: the chemical activation by adding sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, fluoric acid, silicic acid and the like is an activation method which leads the activator to destroy Si-O bonds and Al-O bonds on the surface of the coal gangue and participate or accelerate the secondary reaction of the coal gangue and cement hydration products by introducing a small amount of activator. When the mixing amount of the excitant exceeds the optimal mixing amount, the concentration is too high, and a layer of hydration product protective film is formed on the surfaces of coal gangue material particles due to the high excitation rate, so that the reaction is prevented from further proceeding;
the second is mechanical crushing activation, which refers to an activation mode for improving the activity of coal gangue by grinding the coal gangue. The particles can be rapidly refined through mechanical grinding, the specific surface area of the particles is improved, and the interface of hydration reaction is increased; however, the manufacturing cost of the machinery is high, and dust is easily generated in the process, so that the environmental pollution is caused;
the third one is a calcining method, in which the gangue is heated to 600-900 ℃, the aim of the calcining method is to utilize the high temperature to generate violent thermal motion of each particle in the microstructure of the gangue, so that the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron can not be polymerized into long chains, but a plurality of breaking points exist, and a thermodynamically unstable structure is formed.
Therefore, the prior art lacks an industrialized, continuous, large-scale and clean production process for intelligently activating the coal gangue.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the present invention aims to provide an intelligent activation process for coal gangue, which is used to solve the problem of lack of intelligent activation industrialization, continuous, large-scale and clean production of coal gangue in the prior art.
The invention discloses an intelligent activation process method for coal gangue, which comprises the following steps:
crushing and dedusting the coal gangue raw material to obtain a coal gangue material to be treated meeting the requirement of a preset granularity range;
performing activation treatment on the coal gangue material to be treated according to a set activation condition to obtain an activated coal gangue material; the activation conditions comprise a preset temperature and a preset heat preservation time length after the preset temperature is reached;
and performing cold quenching treatment on the activated coal gangue material.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention also makes the following improvements:
further, the activating treatment of the coal gangue material to be treated according to the set activating condition comprises:
placing the coal gangue material in an activation box;
heating the coal gangue material to the preset temperature in a microwave heating mode, and preserving the heat of the interior of the activation box body after the coal gangue material reaches the preset temperature; heating and preserving heat, and applying a wind field to the interior of the activation box body so as to enhance the energy flux density of the microwave;
and preserving the heat for the preset heat preservation time to obtain the activated coal gangue material.
Further, before the coal gangue material is placed in an activation box, the following operations are carried out:
detecting whether coal gangue materials exist in the activation box body in real time, if not, closing a lower gangue gate of the activation box body, and opening an upper gangue gate of the activation box body;
and then placing the coal gangue material into the activation box body through the opened gangue feeding gate.
Further, in the process of placing the coal gangue material in the activation box body, detecting whether the activation box body is filled with the coal gangue material in real time, and if the activation box body is filled with the coal gangue material, closing the gangue feeding gate;
then, heating and heat preservation are carried out through a microwave generator; the wind field is applied by an air compressor.
Further, after the preset heat preservation time is reached, the microwave generator and the air compressor are closed, and the activated coal gangue material is obtained.
And further, after the temperature is kept for the preset heat preservation time, the lower gangue gate is opened, and the cold quenching treatment is carried out on the activated coal gangue material by using cold quenching treatment equipment.
Further, after the cold quenching treatment, the coal gangue material after the cold quenching and the activation is conveyed by a lower conveying belt.
Further, the preset temperature is 800 ℃, and the preset heat preservation time is 45 minutes.
Further, the preset granularity range is 5mm-25mm granularity.
Further, in the activation treatment process, component detection is carried out on the gas in the activation box body, and whether desulfurization and denitrification are started or not is judged according to a gas component detection result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the intelligent activation process method for the coal gangue can realize intelligent control of the whole production process of gangue feeding, heating activation, gangue discharging, water spraying cold quenching and dust removal.
The process method has the advantages of low production cost, high efficiency, no pollution, low energy consumption, excellent working environment and the like; meanwhile, the activation effect of the process method is good, the process method can be used for industrial production, and the problem that industrial, continuous, large-scale and clean production cannot be realized by intelligent activation of the coal gangue is well solved.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout, are for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments only and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an intelligent coal gangue activation process in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal gangue modification and activation apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-lower material conveying belt; 2-activating a gangue hopper; 3-water spraying and cold quenching device; 4-a waste rock gate; 5-a first hydraulic oil cylinder; 6-a gate control assembly; 7-pressure safety valve; 8-a second hydraulic cylinder; 9-loading a gangue gate; 10-a microwave generator; 11-activating the box body; 12-a diffuser tube; 13-loading a waste belt; 14-an outer layer; 15-middle layer; 16-an inner layer; 17-front pillars; 18-a geodesic bolt; 19-front side spiral waveguide; 20-spacing through guard plates; 21-activating the base of the box body; 22-backside spiral waveguide; 23-rear pillars; 24-a controller; 25-an air compressor; 26-support member.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a specific embodiment of a coal gangue intelligent activation process method, a flow chart is shown in figure 1, and the process method comprises the following steps:
step S1: crushing and dedusting the coal gangue raw material to obtain a coal gangue material to be treated meeting the requirement of a preset granularity range;
in practical application, the coal gangue raw material has a large particle size, and if the coal gangue raw material is directly subjected to activation treatment, the activation treatment efficiency is low and the activation effect is poor. Therefore, the coal gangue raw material needs to be crushed and dedusted. Preferably, the preset granularity range is 5mm-25mm in granularity, at the moment, the coal gangue material can be fully activated in the later stage, meanwhile, the crushing and dust removal treatment difficulty corresponding to the granularity range is low, the crushing and dust removal treatment can be realized by adopting the existing crushing and dust removal mode, and a special hardware device for crushing and dust removal treatment is not required to be additionally arranged.
Step S2: performing activation treatment on the coal gangue material to be treated according to set activation conditions to obtain an activated coal gangue material; the activation condition comprises a preset temperature and a preset heat preservation time after the preset temperature is reached; in particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
step S21: placing the coal gangue material in an activation box;
before the coal gangue material is placed in an activation tank, the following operations are also performed:
detecting whether coal gangue materials exist in the activation box body in real time, if not, closing a lower gangue gate of the activation box body, and opening an upper gangue gate of the activation box body; in the embodiment, a material level switch is arranged in the box body, the material position in the activation box body is checked by using the material level switch, and when the material level is the lowest position, the activation box body is indicated to be free of coal gangue materials; when the material level is the highest position, the activation box is indicated to be filled with coal gangue materials.
And then placing the coal gangue material into the activation box body through the opened gangue feeding gate. Illustratively, a waste rock feeding belt can be arranged above a waste rock feeding gate of the activation box body, and after the waste rock feeding gate is opened, the waste rock feeding belt is started to transport the coal gangue material to be processed into the activation box body.
Will the gangue material place in the in-process of activation box, real-time detection whether fill in the activation box gangue material, if fill, then close go up the cash gate to control and go up the cash belt stall.
Step S22: heating the coal gangue material to the preset temperature in a microwave heating mode, and preserving the heat of the interior of the activation box body after the coal gangue material reaches the preset temperature; heating and preserving heat, and applying a wind field to the interior of the activation box body so as to enhance the energy flux density of the microwave;
in this step, in order to realize efficient cleaning and heating, the heating and heat preservation are performed by the microwave generator in this embodiment. Specifically, two sides in the activation box body are oppositely provided with wave guide tubes, and the wave guide tubes are connected with the microwave generator; when the microwave generator is started, the microwave generator transmits microwave signals to the interior of the activation box body through the waveguide tube, and the rotary microwave field is formed in the interior of the activation box body, so that microwave heating is realized. When heat preservation is needed, the heat preservation function is realized by controlling the microwave generator to adopt a discontinuous working mode or lower microwave transmitting power.
Meanwhile, a wind field is applied through an air compressor. Specifically, a diffusion tube is arranged in the vertical direction in the activation box body; the diffusion pipe is connected with the air compressor; when the air compressor is started, the air compressor transmits wind to the interior of the activation box body through the diffusion pipe, and the rotary wind field is formed in the interior of the activation box body.
The efficient activation of the coal gangue material to be treated is realized through the mutual matching of the rotary microwave field and the rotary wind field.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, an energy-saving, clean and environment-friendly microwave heating manner is adopted, various interaction conditions are set in a laboratory, analysis and assay are performed, and finally, an optimal activation temperature (i.e., a predetermined temperature) of the coal gangue is obtained, wherein the activation temperature is 800 ℃, and a heat preservation time (i.e., a predetermined heat preservation duration) is 45 minutes, and the optimal activation temperature is used as a heating setting basis for the coal gangue.
Step S23: and preserving the heat for the preset heat preservation time to obtain the activated coal gangue material.
And after the preset heat preservation time is reached, closing the microwave generator and the air compressor to obtain the activated coal gangue material.
In addition, considering that the coal gangue materials in different regions have different components and the contents of sulfur and nitrate do not meet the requirements, the activation treatment process can be additionally provided with the following steps:
and carrying out component detection on the gas in the activation box, and judging whether the desulfurization and denitrification are started or not according to the gas component detection result.
And step S3: and performing cold quenching treatment on the activated coal gangue material.
Specifically, after the preset heat preservation time is reached, the lower gangue gate is opened, the activated coal gangue material is poured out, and at the moment, cold quenching treatment is carried out on the activated coal gangue material by using cold quenching treatment equipment.
And (5) after the coal gangue materials in the activation box are poured out, executing the step S2 again, and entering the next working cycle.
In addition, after the cold quenching treatment, the coal gangue material after the cold quenching and the activation can be transported by utilizing a lower material transporting belt. When the material to be transported does not exist on the lower material transporting belt, the lower material transporting belt is paused or stopped, and when the material to be transported is needed again, the lower material transporting belt is restarted.
The coal gangue intelligent activation process method is suitable for the coal gangue modification and activation device in the embodiment, the structural schematic diagram of the coal gangue modification and activation device is shown in fig. 2, the coal gangue modification and activation device mainly comprises an activation box body 11 which is obliquely arranged, and exemplarily, the inclination angle formed between the activation box body 11 and the horizontal ground is 35-85 degrees, so that automatic charging and automatic discharging of the coal gangue under the action of gravity can be realized. The activation box body 11 is fixed on the ground through a front support column 17 and a rear support column 23, the upper ends of the front support column 17 and the rear support column 23 are fixedly connected with the activation box body 11 through an activation box body base 21, and the lower ends of the front support column 17 and the rear support column 23 are fixedly connected with the ground through a ground angle bolt 18. In this embodiment, the inner layer 16 of the activation tank 11 is made of 304 stainless steel plate, the middle layer 15 is made of alumina fiber, and the outer layer 14 is made of metal material, but other suitable materials may be used. The activation tank 11 may be processed into a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, a polyhedron, a truncated cone, etc., and is not particularly limited herein.
The activation box body 11 is provided with a pressure safety valve 7, an air compressor 25 (exemplarily, such as a micro air compressor) and a microwave generator 10, a diffusion pipe 12 (which can be called as a diffusion pipe with uniform microwave distribution) with uniform microwave distribution is arranged in the activation box body 11 in the vertical direction, the diffusion pipe 12 is installed in the activation box body 11 through a support member 26, the diffusion pipe 12 with uniform microwave distribution is connected with the air compressor 25 installed in the middle, and the diffusion pipe 12 with uniform microwave distribution is provided with microwave leakage prevention nets at the air inlet end and the air outlet end to ensure the safety of the device. The diameter direction of the microwave uniform distribution diffusion pipe 12 is provided with tangential air distribution holes, and the air distribution rate accounts for 50-80%. The activation box body 11 is connected with the diffusion pipe 12 by adopting an air compressor and is used as a wind power source, when the air compressor is started, the air compressor 25 transmits wind into the activation box body through the diffusion pipe, a rotary wind field is automatically formed inside the activation box body 11 under the action of wind power, so that the energy flux density of the microwave is enhanced, the uniformity and the strength of the action of the microwave on coal gangue are further accelerated, the penetration capacity of the microwave on the coal gangue is improved, the vibration, the friction and the heating of molecules inside and outside the coal gangue are increased, the purpose of rapid temperature rise is met, the treatment capacity is enlarged, water vapor and other gases formed in the material heating process are removed in real time, the pressure of the gas generated in the activation box body in the heating process on the activation box body is reduced, and the industrial production of coal gangue activation is ensured to be realized.
Considering that materials are easy to deposit at the bottom of the activation box 11, and meanwhile, in the heating process, part of the materials in the materials are easy to liquefy, and the liquefied materials are gathered at the top of the activation box, therefore, in the actual operation, the two sides in the activation box 11 are oppositely provided with wave guides, the wave guides are preferably spiral, therefore, the wave guide arranged at the front side of the activation box is called a front side spiral wave guide 19, the wave guide arranged at the rear side of the activation box is called a rear side spiral wave guide 22, and the spiral wave guides at the front side and the rear side are both connected with the microwave generator 10, when the microwave generator 10 is started, the microwave generator 10 transmits microwave signals into the activation box 11 through the wave guides 19 and 22, and forms a rotary microwave field in the activation box 11 to ensure the action of microwaves on the materials in the vertical direction; and the microwave power consumed by processing materials is reduced to the maximum extent so as to enhance the heating capacity of the microwaves on the coal gangue and improve the working efficiency. The material, shape, direction, size, position, etc. of the spiral waveguide tube can be selected according to actual production requirements, and are not limited specifically herein.
The upper side and the lower side of the microwave uniformly-distributed diffusion tube 12, and the space permeable guard plates 20 are arranged between the microwave uniformly-distributed diffusion tube 12 and the waveguide tube, the hole distribution rate is about 85%, and the microwave uniformly-distributed diffusion tube 12 and the space permeable guard plates 20 are parallel to the bottom surface of the activation box body; the space permeable guard plate 20 can ensure the reasonable action distance (3 cm-5 cm) between the material and the waveguide tube, and create a good conduction environment between the microwave and the material in the microwave field.
The activation box body 11 also comprises a gate control assembly 6 and a controller 24, and the gate control assembly is used for controlling the opening and closing of the upper gangue gate 9 and the lower gangue gate 4 of the activation box body 11; illustratively, the gate control assembly 6 can comprise a first hydraulic cylinder 5 and a second hydraulic cylinder 8, and the upper gangue gate 9 and the lower gangue gate 4 form a hinge connection mechanism with the activation box body 11 through the second hydraulic cylinder 8 and the first hydraulic cylinder 5 respectively, so that automatic locking is realized when the gangue is fed; the microwave generator 10, the micro air compressor 25 and the gate control assembly 6 are all connected with the controller 24, so that intelligent control is realized through the controller 24.
The activation box body 11 is also internally provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the activation box body 11, and the temperature sensor is also connected with the controller 24 so as to realize intelligent control through the controller 24.
Preferably, the activation tank body 11 is further provided with a pressure safety valve 7, and the pressure safety valve 7 is used for automatically opening and releasing pressure when the internal pressure of the activation tank body 11 reaches a limit value; so as to ensure the stability of the interior of the activation box body.
Preferably, the activation tank 11 is further provided with a gas component sensor (not shown in fig. 1) for detecting a gas component in the activation tank 11; and intelligently judging whether the desulfurization and denitrification are started or not according to the analysis condition of the gas components.
Preferably, the device further comprises an upper gangue belt 13, cold quenching equipment (comprising an activated gangue hopper 2 and a water spraying cold quenching device 3) and a lower material conveying belt 1, wherein the upper gangue belt 13 is used for conveying materials to the activation box body 11, the activated gangue hopper 2 is used for receiving the materials from the activation box body 11 and discharging the materials to the lower material conveying belt 1, and the water spraying cold quenching device 3 is used for performing water spraying cold quenching treatment on the materials received by the activated gangue hopper 2.
In conclusion, the intelligent coal gangue activation process method provided by the embodiment can achieve intelligent control of the whole production process of gangue feeding, heating activation, gangue discharging, water spraying cold quenching and dust removal.
The process method has the advantages of low production cost, high efficiency, no pollution, low energy consumption, excellent working environment and the like; meanwhile, the activation effect of the process method is good, the process method can be used for industrial production, and the problem that industrial, continuous, large-scale and clean production cannot be realized by intelligent activation of the coal gangue is well solved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a computer readable storage medium, for instructing the relevant hardware. The computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory or a random access memory.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent activation process method for coal gangue is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing and dedusting the coal gangue raw material to obtain a coal gangue material to be treated meeting the requirement of a preset granularity range;
performing activation treatment on the coal gangue material to be treated according to set activation conditions to obtain an activated coal gangue material; the activation condition comprises a preset temperature and a preset heat preservation time after the preset temperature is reached;
and performing cold quenching treatment on the activated coal gangue material.
2. The coal gangue intelligent activation process method according to claim 1, wherein the coal gangue material to be treated is subjected to activation treatment according to set activation conditions, and the activation treatment comprises the following steps:
placing the coal gangue material in an activation box;
heating the coal gangue material to the preset temperature in a microwave heating mode, and preserving the heat of the interior of the activation box body after the coal gangue material reaches the preset temperature; heating and preserving heat, and applying a wind field to the interior of the activation box body so as to enhance the energy flux density of the microwave;
and preserving the heat for the preset heat preservation time to obtain the activated coal gangue material.
3. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in claim 2, wherein,
before the coal gangue material is placed in an activation tank, performing the following operations:
detecting whether coal gangue materials exist in the activation box body in real time, if not, closing a lower gangue gate of the activation box body, and opening an upper gangue gate of the activation box body;
and then placing the coal gangue material into the activation box body through the opened gangue feeding gate.
4. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in claim 3, wherein,
detecting whether the activation box is filled with the coal gangue material in real time in the process of placing the coal gangue material in the activation box, and if so, closing the upper gangue gate;
then, heating and heat preservation are carried out through a microwave generator; the wind field is applied by an air compressor.
5. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in claim 4, wherein,
and after the preset heat preservation time is reached, closing the microwave generator and the air compressor to obtain the activated coal gangue material.
6. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in claim 2, wherein,
and after the preset heat preservation time is reached, the lower gangue gate is opened, and cold quenching treatment is carried out on the activated coal gangue material by using cold quenching treatment equipment.
7. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in claim 6, wherein,
and after the cold quenching treatment, the coal gangue material after the cold quenching and the activation is conveyed by a lower conveying belt.
8. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the predetermined temperature is 800 ℃, and the preset holding time is 45 minutes.
9. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in claim 1, wherein the preset grain size range is 5mm-25mm grain size.
10. The coal gangue intelligent activation process as set forth in claim 2, wherein,
and in the activation treatment process, carrying out component detection on the gas in the activation box body, and judging whether the desulfurization and denitrification are started or not according to a gas component detection result.
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