CN100441504C - Preparing process of active sludge carbon for desulfurizing fume - Google Patents

Preparing process of active sludge carbon for desulfurizing fume Download PDF

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CN100441504C
CN100441504C CNB2006101305483A CN200610130548A CN100441504C CN 100441504 C CN100441504 C CN 100441504C CN B2006101305483 A CNB2006101305483 A CN B2006101305483A CN 200610130548 A CN200610130548 A CN 200610130548A CN 100441504 C CN100441504 C CN 100441504C
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microwave
sludge
preparation
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mud
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CN1986399A (en
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范晓丹
张襄楷
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Tianjin Urban Construction College
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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Abstract

The preparation process of active sludge carbon for desulfurizing fume includes the following steps: sludge pre-treatment, microwave treatment to dry, carbonizing, physically activating and microwave modification. The microwave process of the present invention endows active sludge carbon surface with desulfurizing functional group, makes sewage and sludge become harmless resource and lowers the cost of desulfurizing active carbon.

Description

The preparation method who is used for the active sludge carbon of flue gas desulfurization
Technical field
The invention relates to preparation method of active carbon, relate in particular to the flue gas desulfurization preparation method of active carbon.
Background technology
Along with the raising of international community to discharge of wastewater and conservation of resources requirement, new sewage work will constantly set up.Also produced a large amount of mud when disposing of sewage, its quantity accounts for about 0.3%~0.5% (are 97% calculating with water ratio) of handling the water yield, these mud instabilities, easy corrupt, foul smelling.A large amount of mud that the municipal sewage plant produces, through precipitation, concentrate, conventional sludge treatment and disposing techniques such as digestion, dehydration and ultimate disposal, need a large amount of initial costs and higher working cost, its working cost accounts for about 40%~65% of sewage work's overall running cost.Statistic data in 2004 shows, China has built up and the sewage work that puts into effect surpasses 700, and about 4,500 ten thousand tons of day sewage treatment capacity is discharged about 1,300,000 tons of sludge quantity (dry weight) now, and annual still about 10% amplification increase.Along with improving gradually of sewage work's operational efficiency and progressively building up of new sewage work, China's municipal sludge annual discharging sludge quantity (dry weight) finally estimation will be brought up to 8,400,000 tons, account for 3.2% of China's total solids waste discharge amount.Particularly for this big city, Tianjin, how disposing sludge is the pressing problem that the whole world is faced.
Because volatile solid and protein account for 60~80% and 22~41% of total dried solid masses respectively in the undigested mud of sewage work, so organic carbon content height in the undigested mud.In recent years, mud is prepared the gac aspect carried out some experimental studies, owing to lack the guidance of theoretical side, the active sludge carbon absorption property that makes major part make is not really desirable, has limited its application.In addition, on the preparation method, main both at home and abroad what use is that chemical activation method, physical activation method, chemical physics activation method prepare active sludge carbon.Though physical activation method pollutes little, the poor-performing of gac; Though the chemical activation method absorption property generally is better than the physics method, exist a large amount of use activators, etching apparatus during activation, activate the environmental problems such as processing of follow-up washing, pickling waste waters, its feasibility is obstructed.Use activator though the physical chemistry activation method reduces to a certain extent, etching apparatus when having alleviated activation, activate the environmental problems such as processing of follow-up washing, pickling waste waters, but the problem that chemical activation method exists is not solved yet completely.Therefore, need develop not only environmental protection but also can make novel process with better absorption property active sludge carbon.
In recent years, the microwave heating development is very fast.Because the method for microwave heating is by the to-and-fro movement of heated object internal dipole molecule high frequency, produce " internal friction heat " and temperature of charge is raise, must any heat conducting process, rate of heating is fast and even, there is not additional heat consumption, the efficiency height only needs the part of traditional heating mode or 1/tens heat-up time.People such as Jin Yan, Jiang Wenju in the fourth phase in 2003 " Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control ", deliver " microwave heating is to the activated carbon surface group and to SO 2The influence of absorption property " article, discussed " microwave heating technique carries out modification to the gac of different-grain diameter, has studied the surface chemistry group of modification front and back gacs, elementary composition variation, and to SO 2The influence of absorption property ".The process of existing microwave-prepared by physical method gac is: raw material → routine heating charing → microwave heating feeds activated gas (as water vapour, carbonic acid gas, air etc.) 20min → active carbon finished products at least simultaneously.The shortcoming of existing method is, because the activated gas that feeds during microwave heating still has particular requirement to atmosphere, so the structure of microwave oven must adapt to the special requirement of atmosphere, in addition, having much room for improvement equally aspect desulfurization performance and the energy consumption.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to adopt microwave-physics method, utilize microwave desulfurization functional group to be given the surface of active sludge carbon material, to overcome the deficiency that physical activation method, chemical physics activation method and chemical activation method prepare active sludge carbon, provide a kind of and can improve desulfurization performance, make the microwave oven structure to be simplified, reduces gac cost, save energy consumption, realization sewage, recycling sludge and innoxious desulfurization preparation method of active carbon.
The present invention is achieved by following technical proposals.
A kind of desulfurization comprises the steps: with the preparation method of active sludge carbon
(1) pre-treatment of mud
Sewage sludge is dried, dewaters, make the dewatered sludge that water ratio is lower than 10wt%~20wt%;
(2) microwave treatment dewatered sludge
The dewatered sludge of per 30~50g, the distilled water that in whipping process, dropwise adds 5~60mL, make dewatered sludge and distilled water thorough mixing, place 12~24h, and then this mud placed in the microwave oven, under 300~1000w, microwave treatment 1~15min, change over to again and be cooled to room temperature in the moisture eliminator, stand-by;
(3) charing
The mud that step (2) makes is put into charring furnace, 200~1000 ℃ of following charings, adopt the nitrogen secluding air, nitrogen flow is 10~100L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 5~35 ℃/min, and charing 0.5~4h makes carbonized material;
(4) physically activated
The carbonized material that step (3) is made activates down at 200~1000 ℃, and adopting flow is the water vapor of 10~100L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 5~35 ℃/min, and activation 0.5~4h makes activated material;
(5) microwave modification
The activated material that step (4) is made places microwave oven, and controlled microwave power is 200~1000w, microwave exposure 1~10min, and cooling is ground, and makes the desulfurization active sludge carbon.
The water ratio of making dewatered sludge of described step (1) is 20wt%.
Described step (2) weighing dewatered sludge 40g, the distilled water 5mL that dropwise adds in whipping process places 12h, this mud is placed in the 600w microwave oven microwave treatment 3min again.
The carbonization temperature of described step (3) is 1000 ℃, and nitrogen flow is 10L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 35 ℃/min, charing 30min.
The activation temperature of described step (4) is 200 ℃, and steam rates is 100L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 5 ℃/min, activation 4h.
The controlled microwave power of described step (5) is 1000w, microwave exposure 1min.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the surface that utilizes microwave method to give the active sludge carbon material with desulfurization functional group is to overcome the deficiency of physical activation method, chemical physics activation method and chemical activation method and prior art for preparing active sludge carbon.Improve desulfurization performance, simplified the microwave oven structure, reduced the gac cost, saved energy consumption, realized sewage, recycling sludge and innoxious flue gas desulfurization preparation method of active carbon.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.
The present invention is raw materials used to be the remaining mud in municipal sewage plant.
The process of microwave-prepared by physical method gac that the present invention adopts is: mud → adding water retting → microwave heating → routine heats charing → physically activated activated gas (as water vapour, carbonic acid gas, air etc.) → active sludge carbon → microwave modification → desulfurization active sludge carbon finished product that feeds simultaneously.Owing to add water retting mud earlier, make an amount of water enter the surperficial and inner of mud, carry out microwave heating again, microwave and Sludge Surface and inner water are had an effect, water can absorb microwave acutely rises the temperature of mud, help carrying out smoothly of follow-up charing and priming reaction, active sludge carbon after at last activated is again through microwave exposure, on the one hand, active sludge carbon itself will absorb microwave and heat up, and burns and loses a part of charcoal, the aperture is enlarged, open the closed pore of part simultaneously, increase the pore volume and the specific surface area of active sludge carbon, improve the absorption property of active sludge carbon, on the other hand, change the unit structure on surface, its alkalescence is strengthened, thereby the ability of active sludge carbon absorption sulfurous gas strengthens.Compared with prior art, when improving constantly the active sludge carbon desulfurization performance, simplify the structure (atmosphere of need not ventilating) of microwave oven, reduced the time (being less than 15min) of microwave exposure, saved the energy.By improving the preparation method of desulfurization, overcome the deficiency that physical activation method, chemical physics activation method and chemical activation method prepare active sludge carbon with active sludge carbon.Provide a kind of and can realize sewage, recycling sludge and innoxious, reduced the desulphurized aetivated carbon cost, constantly improved the desulfurization preparation method of active carbon of desulfurization performance.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation dewatered sludge
Sewage sludge is dried, dewaters, make the dewatered sludge that water ratio is 10wt%.
(2) microwave treatment dewatered sludge
The dewatered sludge of weighing 30g dropwise adds the distilled water of 20mL again in whipping process, make dewatered sludge and distilled water thorough mixing, place 24h, and then this mud is placed in the microwave oven, under 300w, microwave treatment 5min changes over to and is cooled to room temperature in the moisture eliminator, and is stand-by.
(3) charing
The mud that step (2) makes is put into charring furnace, 200 ℃ of following charings, adopt the nitrogen secluding air, nitrogen flow is 100L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 5 ℃/min, and charing 4h makes carbonized material.
(4) physically activated
The carbonized material that step (3) is made activates down at 1000 ℃, adopts water vapor (flow is 50L/h), and heating rate is controlled at 20 ℃/min, and activation 0.5h makes activated material.
(5) microwave modification
The activated material that step (4) is made places microwave oven, and controlled microwave power is 800w, microwave exposure 3min, and cooling makes desulfurization mud charcoal.
The desulfurization of embodiment 1
It is 1000mg/dm that the present invention adopts starting point concentration 3SO 2Mixed gas is as pending source of the gas.SO after adopting conventional desulfurizer collection through the desulfurization of desulfurization active sludge carbon 2Mixed gas.Use iodometric titrationiodimetry titration and gathered SO 2The absorption liquid of mixed gas is by calculating the desulfurization active sludge carbon to SO 2The desulfurization value of gas.
1) SO 2The preparation of absorption liquid
Accurately take by weighing 11.0g Ammonium sulfamate, 7.0g ammonium sulfate, add less water, stirring is fully dissolved it, continues to add water to 1000ml.Be adjusted to pH=5.4 ± 0.3 with 0.05mol/L sulfuric acid, SO 2Gas absorption liquid.
2) preparation of iodine standard solution
1. the preparation of iodine stock solution accurately takes by weighing 40.0g potassiumiodide, 12.7g iodine, adds less water and fully dissolves, and is diluted with water to 1000ml, adds 3 of hydrochloric acid, is mixed with iodine stock solution C=0.1mol/L, is stored in the brown bottle, is stored in dark cold place.
2. the demarcation of iodine stock solution, draw the iodine stock solution 25.00ml of 0.1mol/L, with the 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution titrated, solution by reddish-brown become faint yellow after, add 0.5% starch solution 5.0ml, continuation is write down the volume (V) that titration consumes Sulfothiorine till disappearing just with sodium thiosulfate solution titrated to blue look.By accurate calculation, obtain the accurate volumetric molar concentration of iodine stock solution.
3. the preparation of iodine standard solution, accurate volumetric molar concentration according to the iodine stock solution, calculate the volume of the iodine stock solution that needs, get this volume iodine stock solution in the 1000ml volumetric flask, be diluted with water to graticule, fully mixing is prepared iodine standard solution C=0.01mol/L, be stored in the brown bottle, in refrigerator, preserve stand-by.
3) gathered SO 2The titration of the absorption liquid of mixed gas
After the sampling, will gather low concentration SO in first, second absorption bottle at the scene 2The absorption liquid of mixed gas all changes in the iodine flask, wash two absorption bottles 1~2 time with a small amount of absorption liquid then, washings is incorporated in the iodine flask, adds 0.5% starch solution 5.0ml after shaking up, to blue look, write down the volume V that consumes iodine standard solution with the iodine standard solution titration of 0.01mol/L.
4) according to the volume V that consumes iodine standard solution, accurately calculating desulfurization active sludge carbon desulfurization degree is 68.2%
Embodiment 2
(1) preparation dewatered sludge
Sewage sludge is dried, dewaters, make the dewatered sludge that water ratio is 20wt%.
(2) microwave treatment dewatered sludge
The dewatered sludge of weighing 40g dropwise adds the distilled water of 5mL again in whipping process, make dewatered sludge and distilled water thorough mixing, place 12h, and then this mud is placed in the microwave oven, under 600w, microwave treatment 3min changes over to and is cooled to room temperature in the moisture eliminator, and is stand-by.
(3) charing
The mud that step (2) makes is put into charring furnace, 500 ℃ of following charings, adopt the nitrogen secluding air, nitrogen flow is 30L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 20 ℃/min, and charing 1h makes carbonized material.
(4) physically activated
The carbonized material that step (3) is made activates down at 800 ℃, adopts water vapor (flow is 10L/h), and heating rate is controlled at 35 ℃/min, and activation 0.5h makes activated material.
(5) microwave modification
The activated material that step (4) is made places microwave oven, and controlled microwave power is 200w, microwave exposure 10min, and cooling makes desulfurization mud charcoal.
The method of the desulfurization of embodiment 2 is identical with embodiment 1.According to the volume V that consumes iodine standard solution, the desulfurization degree that accurately calculates the desulfurization active sludge carbon of embodiment 2 is 78.6%.
Embodiment 3
(1) preparation dewatered sludge
Sewage sludge is dried, dewaters, make the dewatered sludge that water ratio is 15wt%.
(2) microwave treatment dewatered sludge
The dewatered sludge of weighing 50g dropwise adds the distilled water of 60mL again in whipping process, make dewatered sludge and distilled water thorough mixing, place 18h, and then this mud is placed in the microwave oven, under 1000w, microwave treatment 1min changes over to and is cooled to room temperature in the moisture eliminator, and is stand-by.
(3) charing
The mud that step (2) makes is put into charring furnace, 1000 ℃ of following charings, adopt the nitrogen secluding air, nitrogen flow is 10L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 35 ℃/min, and charing 30min makes carbonized material.
(4) physically activated
The carbonized material that step (3) is made activates down at 200 ℃, adopts water vapor (flow is 100L/h), and heating rate is controlled at 5 ℃/min, and activation 4h makes activated material.
(5) microwave modification
The activated material that step (4) is made places microwave oven, and controlled microwave power is 1000w, microwave exposure 1min, and cooling makes desulfurization mud charcoal.
The method of the desulfurization of embodiment 3 is identical with embodiment 1.According to the volume V that consumes iodine standard solution, the desulfurization degree that accurately calculates the desulfurization active sludge carbon of embodiment 3 is 60.5%.
The comparing result that the present invention and prior art make the active sludge carbon desulfurization degree sees table 1 for details, continues the comparing result that the present invention and microwave physics legal system behind the desulfurization 4h get the active carbon desulfurization rate and sees table 2 for details.
Table 1
The preparation method Physics method (sewage sludge is a raw material) Chemical method (sewage is raw material) Physico-chemical processes (sewage sludge is a raw material) The present invention's (sewage sludge is a raw material)
Desulfurization degree (%) 53 42 30 60~80
Table 2
The preparation method Prior art The present invention's (sewage sludge is a raw material)
Desulfurization degree (%) ≤50 60~80
By experimental result in table 1, the table 2 as can be seen, the present invention has progressive significantly compared to prior art.

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method who is used for the active sludge carbon of flue gas desulfurization comprises the steps:
(1) pre-treatment of mud
Sewage sludge is dried, dewaters, make the dewatered sludge that water ratio is 10wt%~20wt%;
(2) microwave treatment dewatered sludge
The dewatered sludge of per 30~50g dropwise adds the distilled water of 5~60mL in whipping process, place 12~24h, and then this mud is placed in the microwave oven, and under 300~1000w, microwave treatment 1~15min changes over to and is cooled to room temperature in the moisture eliminator, and is stand-by;
(3) charing
The mud that step (2) makes is put into charring furnace, in 200~1000 ℃ of following charings, adopt the nitrogen secluding air, nitrogen flow is 10~100L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 5~35 ℃/min, and charing 0.5~4h makes carbonized material;
(4) physically activated
The carbonized material that step (3) is made activates down at 200~1000 ℃, and adopting flow is the water vapor of 10~100L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 5~35 ℃/min, and activation 0.5~4h makes activated material;
(5) microwave modification
The activated material that step (4) is made places microwave oven, and controlled microwave power is 200~1000w, microwave exposure 1~10min, and cooling is ground, and makes the desulfurization active sludge carbon.
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the water ratio of making dewatered sludge of described step (1) is 20wt%.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (2) weighing dewatered sludge 40g, and the distilled water 5mL that dropwise adds in whipping process places 12h, this mud is placed in the 600w microwave oven microwave treatment 3min again.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the carbonization temperature of described step (3) is 1000 ℃, and nitrogen flow is 10L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 35 ℃/min, charing 30min.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the activation temperature of described step (4) is 200 ℃, and steam rates is 100L/h, and heating rate is controlled at 5 ℃/min, activation 4h.
6. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the controlled microwave power of described step (5) is 1000w, microwave exposure 1min.
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CN102452845A (en) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-16 河南天源环保高科股份有限公司 Selective activated carbon ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN102381705B (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-08-21 西南科技大学 Method for producing activated carbon by thermally activating coal tar dreg/ sludge fermentation body by using microwaves
CN102757047A (en) * 2012-05-31 2012-10-31 北京林业大学 Method for preparing cylindrical sludge-based activated carbon
CN102942173B (en) * 2012-11-23 2014-08-13 浙江建中竹业科技有限公司 Electric conduction dust-free health care carbon granule
CN102936012A (en) * 2012-12-05 2013-02-20 东南大学 Method for preparing activated carbon with sludge serving as raw material
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CN104150743B (en) * 2014-07-22 2016-03-02 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 The method of sludge carbon is prepared in the carbonization of a kind of microwave-assisted hydro-thermal
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