JP2008063169A - Method for producing carbonized product and decomposed product - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing activated carbon, by which activated carbon or decomposed products can be directly produced in a short time from organic substances without pretreating them for carbonization; and to provide an apparatus for producing the activated carbon. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing activated carbon and/or decomposed products comprises charging organic substances into a space where overheated steam and a microwave coexist. In the method, a ceramic heater in a furnace and a sample are irradiated with a microwave, thereby, the temperature of the overheated steam can be controlled precisely, and the temperature distribution in the sample is made small and carbonization proceeds also from the inside of the sample by the irradiation with the microwave, and activated carbon having few closed pores is accordingly obtained, and further decomposed products such as gaseous hydrogen can be obtained at once by utilizing discharge of carbon at a temperature of ≥650°C. The apparatus for producing the activated carbon or decomposed products is also provided. By the method and apparatus, high quality activated carbon and/or decomposed products can be produced at a high efficiency. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing activated carbon and its decomposition products, and more specifically, an organic material is introduced into a space filled with superheated steam, carbonized in a short time, and then subjected to microwave irradiation. Relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a carbide and a decomposition product thereof.

Activated carbon is used as a filter material in fields such as water and sewage treatment, water purification and recovery, as well as in the sugar industry and bio product purification. Also, from the viewpoint of global environmental protection and production costs, organic materials such as waste materials such as resin and sawdust have begun to be used as raw materials for activated carbon. In the production process of these activated carbons, a method is used in which an organic material is first carbonized at 300 to 800 ° C., and then activated by a gas activation method (C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ ) using water vapor or carbon dioxide gas. It was.

  However, in the conventional carbide manufacturing method, first, a carbonization treatment at around 300-800 ° C. is required, and then a two-stage process of applying activation at around 500-1000 ° C. is applied. If the heat treatment is required and the cleaning process after activation is included, the production time is long.

  In addition, when a normal electric furnace is used, carbonization proceeds from the surface of the member to the inside, so that temperature distribution is created in the member, and carbonization proceeds in the vicinity of the surface, so that tar is deposited and closed pores are generated. There was a problem that the activated carbon obtained was inhomogeneous. In addition, since water vapor, which is a typical activation gas, is difficult to control temperature, there is a problem that a high specific surface area and a low specific surface area where carbonization and activation progress are mixed in the member.

As a prior art relating to a method for producing these carbides, for example, a method has been proposed in which a carbon material once carbonized at 600 ° C. or higher is brought into contact with an activation gas and heated by microwaves (Patent Document 1). Moreover, activated carbon having a specific surface area of 500-900 m ² / g is obtained by irradiating the biomass material with microwaves, carbonizing the inside of the member, allowing the uncarbonized part to cool and removing by combustion. (Patent Document 2). In addition, external heating by a heater, internal heating by a microwave, and production of activated carbon by chemical activation have been studied (Patent Documents 3-4). On the other hand, a method for producing activated carbon by irradiating a mixture of a heating element having a large dielectric constant and an organic material with microwaves has also been reported (Patent Document 5).

  As described above, regarding the method for producing activated carbon by microwave irradiation, the raw material is carbonized under an inert atmosphere, and then the temperature is raised again to a high temperature using microwaves, and the activation process is performed. Alternatively, there is a method for producing activated carbon from the mixture using a mixture of a heating element that easily absorbs microwaves as a raw material. Moreover, the method of obtaining activated carbon by energy saving using a microwave is a well-known method.

  However, in the production of activated carbon, organic materials that are difficult to absorb microwaves are used as raw materials. Therefore, even after microwave irradiation, after dehydration of adsorbed water, etc., there is little heating effect. At the same time, external heating was important in the process. However, in the pre-carbonizing process, when an electric furnace or the like is used, carbonization starts from the surface and heat is transferred to the inside, so that there is a problem of formation of closed pores due to deposition of tar on the surface. In the case of external heating simultaneously with the microwave irradiation, carbonization starts from the surface of the raw material organic material, and thus there is a problem of closed pore formation as well.

  On the other hand, the reaction between carbon and water vapor is also used as a hydrogen production reaction. In the future, it is expected that hydrogen stations will be installed and hydrogen will be produced in a short time and with high efficiency in view of the spread of fuel cells. The temperature is generally about 800-1000 ° C. However, in the conventional method, carbon is reformed using the heat of combustion of the carbon material to generate hydrogen, so that uniform heating is difficult, carbon is consumed by oxidation, and in addition, it is a reformed gas It was also difficult to control the temperature of the water vapor.

  As prior art related to hydrogen production, for example, as described above, carbon is reformed using combustion (oxidation) heat of carbon material to generate hydrogen, and thus uniform heating of the entire carbon material is difficult, Therefore, reaction control is difficult and temperature control of water vapor | steam which is reformed gas was difficult (patent document 6). There are reports of steam reforming of carbon materials using microwaves, but in this type of method, the heat of the produced high-temperature hydrogen or carbon dioxide is used for the heat of steam generation (Patent Document 7).

  As described above, in the conventional method, for example, hydrogen is produced by reacting carbide and water vapor. However, uniform heating of the carbide necessary for hydrogen collection and high-precision temperature control of water vapor are possible. Due to the difficulty, there is a problem that the distribution in the reforming reaction cannot be solved. As described above, the following reports have been reported as prior art relating to activated carbon and hydrogen gas production.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-37890 JP 2002-161278 A JP 2004-352595 A JP 2006-89344 A JP 2000-34114 A JP-A-6-184565 JP 2006-89322 A

  In such a situation, the present inventors, in view of the above prior art, activated carbon in which the distribution of carbonization or activation in the carbide member is small and fine pores exist as continuous pores, and The goal is to develop a new activated carbon and / or decomposition product manufacturing method that can control the temperature of superheated steam with high accuracy and enables the production of organic decomposition products and activated carbon in a short time. Accumulated research.

  As a result, a microwave-absorbing ceramic heater for superheated steam is present in the microwave irradiation apparatus, and the temperature of the superheated steam can be precisely controlled by allowing the sample chamber to be located immediately above the heater. In addition, the organic material in the sample chamber is carbonized in a short time by superheated steam, which has a higher heat transfer effect than other gases, and the sample is also irradiated with microwaves, preventing temperature spots during carbonization. The inventors have found that the carbide activation reaction can be uniformly advanced by superheated steam heated to a high temperature with high accuracy, thereby achieving the intended purpose, and the present invention has been completed.

  In the carbonization, activation, and gasification of organic substances, the temperature control of superheated steam is a very important process, and the ceramic heater and the raw material in the sample chamber are installed in the chamber at the same time. For the first time, it has been found that temperature control with high accuracy becomes possible. By controlling the temperature of superheated steam with high accuracy, the present invention has no distribution in the temperature fluctuation and reaction progress at the time of carbonization or activation of organic raw materials, and decomposes and generates organic substances such as activated carbon or hydrogen with high efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a product and an apparatus therefor.

The present invention for solving the above-described problems comprises the following technical means.
(1) A method for producing carbides and / or decomposition products from organic substances by using both superheated steam treatment and microwave treatment, and 1) charging organic materials into the space in the furnace where superheated steam and microwaves coexist. 2) At that time, the steam introduced into the furnace is heated by a ceramic heater, and the superheated steam whose temperature is controlled with high accuracy is supplied to the organic raw material positioned immediately above the heater in a predetermined temperature range. A method for producing a carbide and / or a decomposition product, characterized by producing a carbide and / or a decomposition product by proceeding a carbonization and / or activation reaction, or further using an electric discharge between generated carbides. .
(2) The steam introduced into the furnace is heated with a ceramic heater to generate superheated steam with temperature control at a high temperature of 500 ° C. or lower, 500-700 ° C., 700 ° C. or higher, and supplied to the organic matter. The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material and / or decomposition product as described in (1).
(3) The method for producing a carbide and / or decomposition product according to (1), wherein the organic material is waste material, coal, petroleum residue, petroleum coke, petroleum pitch, algae, sawdust, plastic, or waste clothing.
(4) The method for producing carbide according to (1), wherein a carbide having a specific surface area of 300 m ² / g or more is produced from an organic substance in one step.
(5) The method for producing a carbide according to (1), wherein carbonization of the organic matter proceeds by bringing superheated steam at 500 ° C. or less into contact with the organic matter.
(6) The method for producing a carbide according to (1), wherein the activation reaction of the carbide is advanced by raising the temperature of the superheated steam to 600 ° C. or higher.
(7) The decomposition product gas according to (1) above, wherein the carbonized material is gasified by utilizing discharge of carbon material by microwave irradiation at 700 ° C. or higher to produce a decomposition product containing at least hydrogen gas Production method.
(8) A superheated steam generating ceramic heater for heating the introduced steam to generate superheated steam, a sample chamber for introducing the organic material of the material to be treated, and a microwave irradiation device for irradiating the organic material with microwaves An apparatus for producing carbides and decomposition products from organic raw materials, wherein a ceramic heater for superheated steam generation is present in the microwave irradiation apparatus, and the sample chamber is directly above the heater, thereby A carbide and / or decomposition product manufacturing apparatus characterized by controlling the temperature of superheated steam supplied to a treatment material with high accuracy and facilitating generation of a large volume of superheated steam.
(9) The apparatus according to (8), wherein the ceramic heater for generating superheated steam is made of microwave-absorbing silicon carbide or zirconia material.
(10) The apparatus according to (8), further including superheated steam temperature control means for controlling the temperature of the superheated steam supplied to the organic substance in a predetermined temperature range with high accuracy.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The present invention relates to a method for producing carbides and / or decomposition products from organic substances by using both superheated steam treatment and microwave treatment, and 1) organic material raw material in a space in a furnace where superheated steam and microwaves coexist. 2) At that time, the steam introduced into the furnace is heated by a ceramic heater, and the superheated steam whose temperature is controlled with high accuracy is supplied to the organic raw material positioned immediately above the heater to be in a predetermined temperature range. The carbonization and / or activation reaction is allowed to proceed, or the carbide and / or the decomposition product is produced using the discharge between the generated carbides.

  The present invention also provides a superheated steam generating ceramic heater for heating the introduced steam to generate superheated steam, a sample chamber for introducing an organic material of a material to be processed, and a microwave irradiation device for irradiating the organic material with microwaves An apparatus for producing carbides and decomposition products from an organic raw material comprising: a ceramic heater for superheated steam generation is present in the microwave irradiation apparatus, and a sample chamber is present immediately above the heater, whereby a sample It is characterized in that the temperature of superheated steam supplied to the material to be treated in the room is controlled with high accuracy and generation of a large volume of superheated steam is facilitated.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for producing an organic carbide and / or decomposition product with superheated steam having a small distribution in the progress of carbonization or activation during the production of activated carbon and temperature control with high accuracy. And In the present invention, the heater for superheated water vapor and the sample chamber are present in the microwave irradiation device, so that precise temperature control of water vapor is possible, and the organic material is introduced into the sample chamber, and the heater and By simultaneously irradiating the raw material with microwaves, carbide and / or cracked gas is produced with high efficiency.

  Examples of the organic material as the starting material include, but are not limited to, waste materials, coal, petroleum residue, petroleum coke, petroleum pitch, algae, sawdust, plastic, clothing, and the like. If it is mainly composed of carbon after carbonization, it may contain a trace amount of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, metal, etc., and the starting material is not particularly limited. After this is put into the sample chamber, it is irradiated with microwaves.

  The shape of the organic material is not limited at all. It can be molded by applying various molding methods, and it deviates from the spirit of the present invention, such as mixing with an additive for molding into a desired shape, or dissolving and coating a substrate. Otherwise, a well-known molding method can be used, or a plurality of types of methods can be used.

  The temperature of the superheated steam is desirably controlled at 200 to 1300 ° C, but is preferably controlled at 200 to 1000 ° C. This is because a temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher is not desirable because the corrosion of the ceramic heater proceeds. As the atmosphere, a mixed gas with superheated steam can be used, or other oxidizing gas and non-oxidizing gas can be used appropriately before and after circulation of superheated steam.

  In the production of activated carbon using conventional microwaves, since organic materials are used as raw materials, there is little heating effect after dehydration of adsorbed water, etc. even if microwave irradiation is performed. There was a need to heat in a complex manner by mixing with impurities or by external heating.

  As described above, when using an organic substance that hardly absorbs microwaves as a raw material to obtain activated carbon by microwave irradiation, there is a need for external heating for carbonization. Since activated carbon obtained by microwave irradiation is heated from the inside, it is well known that there are few closed pores. However, even if a combined heating method of microwave irradiation and external heating is used, the organic material is eventually heated from the surface, so that tar components and the like are deposited on the surface, and closed pores are generated. There was a problem that could not make use of the advantages of irradiation.

  In addition, there is a problem that impurities are mixed in the method of obtaining activated carbon by mixing raw materials and organic substances other than microwave absorption. As described above, although various methods are observed in the method for producing a carbide in which organic matter is directly carbonized in a microwave irradiation chamber, it is difficult to obtain a uniform carbide with few closed pores by the conventional method. Met. In addition, with regard to the method of performing the activation treatment after carbonization, activated carbon without activation spots is necessary because a large amount of energy is required in order to prevent the steam filling the furnace from having a temperature gradient when the steam is introduced. The production method has not been studied so far.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, the temperature of the large-capacity superheated steam can be controlled by installing the microwave absorbing ceramic in the furnace as a heater for generating the superheated steam, and the sample chamber is provided immediately above the heater. By making it exist, it became possible to advance carbonization in a short time by bringing the organic raw material into contact with superheated steam with high heat transfer efficiency and temperature controlled with high accuracy. In general, carbonization is performed in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen, but superheated steam is also inert to organic matter at a temperature of 500 ° C. or lower.

  In addition, the heat transfer effect of superheated steam has a combined heat transfer effect such as radiant heat transfer and condensation heat transfer in addition to convection heat transfer, and is much more heat efficient than other gases. Controlling the temperature of superheated steam has been a problem of the heat source so far, and it has been very difficult to maintain the temperature up to the sample chamber. However, according to the present invention, the ceramic heater irradiated with microwaves and heated to a high temperature is used as the heat source. By installing a sample chamber immediately above it, it became possible to solve both problems of instantaneous carbonization and maintaining the temperature of superheated steam.

  In addition, in the present invention, since carbonization progressed by bringing a large volume of superheated steam of 500 ° C. or less into contact with an organic substance, a decomposition product such as tar is instantaneously released out of the member together with a large volume of steam. It is possible to make it. Then, it is possible to advance the activation reaction of a carbide | carbonized_material by heating up superheated steam to 600 degreeC or more. Moreover, if superheated steam temperature is 700 degreeC or more, the gasification of a carbide | carbonized_material, ie, hydrogen production, can also be advanced. This is because carbonization of organic matter is performed in a microwave irradiation environment, so discharge starts between the carbides, and if it is fibrous carbide, gasification occurs instantaneously and hydrogen gas can be obtained. .

  In these operations, since both the sample chamber and the heater are irradiated with microwaves, there are few spots in the progress of carbonization and activation. As detailed above, in the carbonization and activation of organic matter, temperature control of superheated steam is a very important process. Due to the characteristics of activated carbon, the entire raw material needs to be activated uniformly. In order to achieve proper activation, it is important to place the ceramic heater and the raw material in the sample chamber in the chamber at the same time. This makes it possible to control the temperature with high accuracy for the first time. The effects of the invention can be obtained.

The present invention has the following effects.
(1) By introducing an organic raw material into a space in which superheated steam having a large capacity of 500 ° C. or less and microwaves coexist, a portion having a high specific surface area and a portion having a low specific surface area do not coexist in the member, that is, there are few carbonization spots Carbide can be obtained.
(2) After the above (1), the activation of the carbide can be promoted by circulating superheated steam at 500 ° C. or higher, and the microwave is irradiated, so there is no unevenness in the activation. Activated carbon having a small difference in specific surface area within the member can be obtained.
(3) On the other hand, after the above (2), by passing through superheated steam at 700 ° C. or higher and performing microwave irradiation, discharge starts between the carbides, and gasification proceeds instantaneously, so hydrogen is included. It becomes possible to produce a decomposition product efficiently.
(4) By introducing an organic substance into a space where microwaves and superheated steam coexist, medium-grade activated carbon having a specific surface area of 300 to 700 m ² / g at 650 ° C. or less is obtained within one hour without carbonization pretreatment. Can be manufactured.
(5) Above 650 ° C., hydrogen gas or the like can be obtained instantaneously due to the discharge between carbides caused by microwave irradiation and the presence of superheated steam.

  EXAMPLES Next, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, this invention is not limited at all by the following examples.

  In this example, clothing (cotton; cellulose) or press-formed sawdust was used as the organic material. After weighing 2 g or 4 g, it was put into the sample chamber. As shown in FIG. 1, a ceramic heater was installed in the microwave irradiation apparatus, and a sample chamber for placing an organic material was placed immediately above the ceramic heater. The heater used was a microwave-absorbing ceramic such as silicon carbide or zirconia. When microwave irradiation was started, first, the heater was heated, and superheated steam was circulated at 400 ° C. The temperature of the sample chamber before the superheated steam flow is around room temperature.

  The temperature of the above ceramic heater was measured with a thermocouple, and the temperature of the sample was measured with a two-color pyrometer or a thermocouple. The temperature difference between the heater and the sample chamber after the superheated steam flow gradually decreased. Within about 5-10 minutes after the circulation of the steam, the temperature of the ceramic heater can be controlled by the microwave output, that is, the temperature of the superheated steam can be controlled. The target temperatures of the samples were 500 ° C., 600 ° C., 650 ° C., and 700 ° C., and each sample was held for 10 minutes. The temperature increase rate of the sample chamber after the introduction of water vapor is about 40 ° C./min. The total operation time including the heater heating time is 30 minutes for the 500 ° C. treatment and 40 minutes for the 700 ° C. treatment. It was about 1 hour.

The specific surface area of the activated carbon was determined from the BET plot in the range of P / P ₀ = 0.05-0.3 from the BET method using a nitrogen adsorption device. Table 1 shows the specific surface area of activated carbon subjected to the combined treatment of cotton superheated steam and microwave irradiation. The treatment temperature shown in the results was the temperature of the sample chamber.

  The specific surface area showed a maximum value at 650 ° C. By carbonizing by contact with superheated steam, microwaves are easily absorbed. Therefore, discharge starts between carbides in the sample chamber from 700 ° C. or higher, and gasification occurs instantaneously. Therefore, when obtaining activated carbon, it is desirable to treat at 700 ° C. or lower, and when obtaining hydrogen gas, it is desirable to treat at 700 ° C. The reason why the specific surface area decreases once at 600 ° C. is that some fine pores are crushed by shrinkage accompanying the progress of carbonization. In the 650 degreeC process after carbonization complete | finished, since a specific surface area increases again, it can be seen that activation is advancing.

  Generally, when hydrogen gas is obtained, steam reforming of natural gas is used, and processing at 800 ° C. is performed. In the present invention, cotton such as waste clothing is used as a raw material, Hydrogen gas can be obtained at about 700 ° C.

Comparative Example The treatment of cotton was performed in the same manner as in the example, in a superheated steam generated by using an ordinary electric furnace in argon or by using induction heating, without performing microwave irradiation. In this case, the treatment temperature was a thermocouple temperature within 1 cm from the sample in the electric furnace. Further, the same conditions as in the examples were applied together with the temperature rise and holding time. Table 2 shows the yield and specific surface area of activated carbon with respect to the cotton atmosphere and the treatment temperature.

  When compared with the specific surface area of Table 1 obtained by the present invention, the specific surface area was low when microwave irradiation was not performed. This is considered to be due to temperature spots when carbonization starts from the surface of the sample when the electric furnace is used and heat is transferred to the inside, and surface deposition of tar accompanying them. In addition, the treatment with superheated steam gave a larger specific surface area than the argon treatment, but the value was lower than the specific surface area of the combined treatment of microwave irradiation and superheated steam in Table 1.

  Looking at the specific surface area that was subjected to the superheated steam treatment at 600 ° C. and 650 ° C. in Table 2, although the treatment temperature was a slight temperature difference from 50 ° C., the specific surface area was greatly different from twice or more. It was. Even with a difference of 50 ° C., it means that temperature control of water vapor is very important.

  Next, FIG. 2 shows an SEM observation image of activated carbon subjected to the combined treatment of superheated steam and microwave shown in Table 1 at 650 ° C. (ab) and 650 ° C. in an argon atmosphere shown in Table 2 (cd). Indicates. In the observation result (ab), it can be seen that the obtained fiber is smooth, free from spots, and uniformly carbonized.

  On the other hand, when the observation result (cd) carbonized in argon was observed, deposits were partially observed (indicated by circles), and twisted fibers were remarkably observed in the high magnification image. This is presumably because carbonization in an electric furnace has temperature spots, so that a portion where carbonization proceeds and a portion where the carbonization does not proceed are mixed, and as a result, uniform shrinkage cannot be achieved. Thus, activated carbon with high homogeneity was obtained by using microwaves and superheated steam.

  As can be seen from the comparison of specific surface area and SEM observation, carbonization can be carried out in a short time of 30 minutes at the shortest and within 1 hour at the longest by introducing the organic substance into the sample chamber where microwaves and superheated steam coexist. This makes it possible to produce activated carbon with less carbonization and activation spots.

  Next, Table 3 shows specific surface areas when sawdust is subjected to superheated steam and microwave irradiation combined treatment.

  In the high temperature treatment, it can be seen that an increase in specific surface area is effective, and activation is progressing.

  Next, Table 4 shows the yield and specific surface area with respect to the processing temperature of sawdust in argon. The processing conditions were the same as in the example.

  Although the specific surface area was higher in the high temperature treatment, the specific surface area was a small value as compared with the combined treatment example of superheated steam and microwave irradiation in Table 3. In addition, hydrogen gas could be collected more efficiently at low temperatures in fibrous organic materials such as waste clothing.

  As described in detail above, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a carbide and its decomposition product by introducing an organic substance into a space where microwaves and superheated steam coexist. Thus, it is possible to provide a technique for directly increasing the specific surface area or gasifying an organic substance without any pretreatment. According to the present invention, it is possible to produce and provide activated carbon useful for purification, recovery, separation filters, and the like of water in a short time. In addition, in the present invention, since gasification can be instantaneously performed by using the discharge between carbides, it is also useful for the production of decomposition products such as hydrogen gas.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the difference with the conventional method regarding microwave irradiation and superheated steam introduction, and this invention. It is a SEM photograph of the 650 degreeC process carbide | carbonized_material (ab) processed together with microwave irradiation and superheated steam, and the carbide | carbonized_material (cd) processed at 650 degreeC in the electric furnace.

Claims (10)

  A method for producing carbides and / or decomposition products from organic matter by using superheated steam treatment and microwave treatment in combination, 1) introducing an organic raw material into a space in the furnace where superheated steam and microwave coexist, 2) At that time, the steam introduced into the furnace is heated by a ceramic heater, and superheated steam whose temperature is controlled with high accuracy is supplied to the organic raw material positioned immediately above the heater to carbonize and / or in a predetermined temperature range. Alternatively, a method for producing a carbide and / or a decomposition product is characterized by producing a carbide and / or a decomposition product by causing an activation reaction to proceed or further using a discharge between generated carbides.   The steam introduced into the furnace is heated with a ceramic heater to generate superheated steam with temperature control at a high temperature of 500 ° C. or lower, 500-700 ° C., 700 ° C. or higher and supplied to the organic matter. A method for producing the described carbide and / or decomposition product.   The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material and / or decomposition product of Claim 1 whose said organic substance is a waste material, coal, a petroleum residue, petroleum coke, petroleum pitch, algae, sawdust, plastic, or waste clothing. The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material of Claim 1 which manufactures the carbide | carbonized_material which has a specific surface area of 300 m < ² > / g or more from organic substance by one process.   The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material of Claim 1 which advances carbonization of organic substance by making superheated steam of 500 degrees C or less contact with organic substance.   The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material of Claim 1 which advances the activation reaction of carbide | carbonized_material by heating up superheated steam to 600 degreeC or more.   The method for producing a cracked product gas according to claim 1, wherein a carbonized product is gasified by utilizing discharge of carbon matter by microwave irradiation at 700 ° C or higher to produce a cracked product containing at least hydrogen gas.   From an organic material source equipped with a ceramic heater for generating superheated steam by heating the introduced water vapor, a sample chamber for introducing an organic material of the material to be treated, and a microwave irradiation device for irradiating the organic material with microwaves An apparatus for producing carbides and decomposition products, in which a ceramic heater for superheated steam generation is present in the microwave irradiation apparatus, and the sample chamber is located immediately above the heater, whereby the material to be processed in the sample chamber A carbide and / or decomposition product manufacturing apparatus characterized by controlling the temperature of superheated steam to be supplied with high accuracy and facilitating generation of a large volume of superheated steam.   The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the ceramic heater for generating superheated steam is made of microwave-absorbing silicon carbide or zirconia material.   The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a superheated steam temperature control means for accurately controlling a temperature of the superheated steam supplied to the organic substance in a predetermined temperature range.