JP2000020663A - Card with built-in ic and card system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a noncontact type IC card which highly functionally operates at high communication speed and processing speed at a short communication distance and guarantees minimum operation, even at a long communication distance. SOLUTION: A combination of plural IC elements 30 to 36 and an operation clock are dynamically changed by a transmission/reception control circuit 20. That is, electromagnetic waves from a reader/writer is received, and a power element, a clock element and a data element are extracted. When instruction data included in the extracted data element are power saving power mode change command, a power is supplied only to a CPU 30, an RAM 32, an ROM 33, an EEPREOM 34 and an NDP 36, and the frequency of the operation clock is reduced by half. When the instruction data are normal power mode change command, the power is supplied to all the IC elements 30 to 36, and the frequency of an operation clock is made highest.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an IC mounted card that operates by receiving a power component, a clock component, and a data component from an external device in a non-contact manner, and a card system including the IC mounted card.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a non-contact type IC card, for example, an IC card, which communicates with a card reader / writer (hereinafter abbreviated as R / W) through electromagnetic waves. In this IC card 3, the antenna 10
Is configured to resonate at a specific frequency, for example, 13.56 MHz, converts an electromagnetic wave received from the R / W into AC power, and inputs the AC power to the transmission / reception control circuit 40. The transmission / reception control circuit 40 separates the AC power received from the antenna 10 into a power component, a clock component, and a data component. The extracted power component is rectified into DC power having a voltage of, for example, 5 V, and sent to a circuit (IC element) in an IC chip through a Vcc line. The clock component is 13.56 MH
The signal component of z is frequency-divided and rectified and sent to each IC element through a Clock line as a square wave of 3.39 MHz.
The data component includes instruction data and data information in addition to the initial response request information.
The data is sent to a central processing unit (hereinafter, CPU) 50 or a numerical operation circuit (hereinafter, NDP) 54 via a bus.

A CPU 50 reads a processing instruction from a read-only storage circuit (hereinafter referred to as a ROM) 52 and, in accordance with the processing instruction, a RAM 51 which is an example of a volatile storage circuit, an EEPROM 53 which is an example of a nonvolatile storage circuit, and a data bus B. Read and write data information through
Data is exchanged with the DP 54 and the transmission / reception control circuit 40 via the I / O line L.

The NDP 54 performs high-speed numerical operation processing, for example, encryption processing, based on data information transmitted through the I / O line L, at high speed.
Sent to CPU 50 via / O line L. EEPR
The OM 53 stores a card identification ID, an intermediate processing result of the CPU 50, and the like. Note that the CPU 50 and the RAM 5
1, ROM 52, EEPROM 53, and NDP 54 are formed in one IC chip.

[0005] Data communication with the IC card 3 by R / W is performed as follows.

[0006] The R / W always sends a carrier (electromagnetic wave) of a specific frequency to the communication area of the R / W, and modulates the carrier at regular intervals based on the initial response request information. . Here, the IC card 3 is set in the R / W communication area.
Is received, the antenna 10 converts the carrier from the R / W into AC power and sends it to the transmission / reception control circuit 40. The transmission / reception control circuit 40 converts the AC power into DC power, and
Supply power to the element. The transmission / reception control circuit 40 also
The AC power is demodulated, and initial response request information is extracted and stored. When the CPU 50 receives the initial response request information from the transmission / reception control circuit 40 and confirms that the initial response request information matches the initial authentication information stored in the EEPROM 53, the CPU 50 transmits the card ID also in the EEPROM 53 to the transmission / reception control circuit. Send to 40. The transmission / reception control circuit 40 creates transmission target data based on the card ID. Then, by changing the impedance of the antenna 10, the reflectance of the carrier from the R / W is changed (modulated),
Thereby, the transmission target data is sent to the R / W side.

[0007] The R / W receives the reflected wave from the IC card 3, demodulates it, and extracts transmission target data (in this case, a card ID). After confirming that the card ID is correct, thereafter, the card ID is added to the head of the instruction data to perform data communication.

In the IC card 3, the carrier wave from the R / W is demodulated by the transmission / reception control circuit 40, and the data component is extracted and stored. The CPU 50 determines that the card ID included in the data component received through the I / O line L is an EEPROM.
53, and if they match, the subsequent processing based on the instruction data is performed by the EEPROM.
53, while using the NDP 54.

[0009]

Generally, as the size of the NDP 54 and the various memories 51 to 53 increases, the data processing amount increases, and the data communication speed increases, the power consumption increases accordingly. Therefore, in the conventional non-contact type IC card, the distance at which communication with the R / W is possible is shortened in order to increase the function and speed. In order to obtain high power while maintaining the communicable distance at a certain value or more, the output of the carrier wave emitted from the R / W may be increased, but there is a limit in increasing the output due to the regulations of the Radio Law. Therefore, it has been difficult to manufacture a high-performance, high-speed, large-capacity contactless IC card having a long communication distance and consuming a large amount of power.

Further, in the case of an IC card which operates even over a long communication distance, there is a problem that the communication speed becomes low due to problems of communication quality and power consumption. further,
Regardless of whether it is a non-contact type or a contact type,
The power consumption has not been controlled by dynamically changing the operation clock, the scale of the IC element, and the data communication speed.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an IC capable of dynamically changing performance and power consumption according to an application.
An object of the present invention is to provide a card equipped with a C card and a card system using the card equipped with the IC.

[0012]

Means for Solving the Problems A first method for solving the above problems is described below.
The IC mounted card according to the invention includes an IC element (CPU or the like) that operates based on an operation clock, a component extracting unit that extracts a clock component and a data component included in a received external signal, and a component included in the extracted data component. Main control means for determining a type of instruction data to be generated and generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode according to a result of the determination;
Clock control means for converting the extracted clock component into an operation clock to be supplied to the IC element and dynamically changing the frequency of the operation clock based on the control signal is arranged on one card medium. Become.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an IC-mounted card, comprising: a plurality of IC elements which operate upon supply of power supply power; component extracting means for extracting a power component and a data component contained in a received external signal; Main control means for determining a type of instruction data included in the data component and generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode according to a result of the determination; and generating the power supply power from the extracted power component Power control means for dynamically changing the number of IC elements to be supplied with power on the basis of the control signal.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an IC card comprising: a transmission control unit for controlling a transmission speed of target data transmitted to and received from an external device; and a component extraction unit for extracting a data component included in a received external signal. And main control means for determining a type of instruction data included in the extracted data component and generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode according to a result of the determination on a single card medium. Arrangement
The transmission control means is configured to determine a unit data length of the target data and to dynamically change the unit data length based on the control signal.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an IC card which comprises a plurality of IC elements which operate upon supply of an operation clock and power supply, and a component for extracting a power component, a clock component, and a data component contained in a received external signal. Extracting means, determining the type of instruction data included in the extracted data component,
A main control unit for generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode according to the determination result; and an IC element for generating the power supply power from the extracted power component and for supplying power based on the control signal. Power control means for forming a power supply path therebetween, and a clock for generating the operation clock from the extracted clock component, supplying the operation clock to the plurality of IC elements, and determining a frequency of the operation clock based on the control signal The control means is arranged on a single card medium, and a power supply path to the corresponding IC element and a frequency of an operation clock are dynamically changed according to the operation mode.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the IC card according to the fourth aspect, further comprising: determining a unit data length of target data to be transmitted / received to / from an external device; It is characterized by having transmission control means for dynamically changing the data length.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the IC card according to the second or fourth aspect, further comprising power state information indicating a power receiving state of the power component, which is renewably stored in a predetermined memory area. A power state management unit for notifying the power reception state information being stored to the transmission source of the foreign signal is provided. The power state management means is configured, for example, to detect the amount of received power at a plurality of time points, and to generate the power state information by converting the detected received power amount to a pattern signal indicating whether or not the received power amount is equal to or more than a predetermined value.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the IC-mounted card according to the fourth or fifth aspect, further comprising: an instruction determining means for determining whether the instruction data is in executable form or non-executable form; In the case of the command data, a lock means for locking the supply of the power and the frequency of the operation clock until the execution of the processing based on the command data is completed.

The IC element includes, for example, an integrated circuit that executes a specific process individually or in a stepwise manner in cooperation with another integrated circuit, or an integrated circuit that independently executes a process having a different calculation amount. Or together with another integrated circuit based on the control signal.

The operation mode formed by the control signal is, for example, one of a normal power mode operating at the maximum performance and a power saving mode operating at the minimum power consumption. Preferably, processing instruction storage means for storing a plurality of types of processing instructions, and processing instruction execution means for reading and executing different processing instructions from the processing instruction storage means in the normal power mode and in the power saving mode are included. To be provided. This makes it possible to autonomously form a processing mode according to the operation mode.

The present invention also provides a card system having each of the above-mentioned IC-mounted cards and a reader / writer for performing data communication between the IC-mounted cards using electromagnetic waves. In this card system, the reader / writer generates an instruction code for generating the control signal in accordance with the power receiving state of the IC-equipped card, and performs required data processing with a unit data length corresponding to the operation mode. And at least means for reflecting the component of the instruction code on a carrier wave. A schematic procedure for actually performing data communication is as follows. (1) When the power receiving state of the IC card is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the card reader is notified of the fact. (2) The card reader that has received the notification reflects a command command for requesting a performance change in the electromagnetic wave and transmits the command to the IC card. (3) The IC-equipped card that has received the request command identifies the request command and changes the performance of the IC chip autonomously and dynamically.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a card system using a non-contact type IC card will be described below as an example of an IC card of the present invention. (First Embodiment) The card system according to the present embodiment is
It is configured to include an IC card and a card reader / writer (hereinafter, R / W). The basic hardware configuration of the R / W is the same as that of the conventional system, except that a new functional block is formed by software. Specifically, the function block includes an instruction code generation unit that generates an instruction code for autonomously changing the operation mode of the IC card that is a communication partner, and a component of the instruction code.
A data modulator for reflecting the carrier wave addressed to the C card, and an IC
The data processing unit performs data communication at a speed corresponding to the current operation mode of the card. A well-known programming method can be used to create these functional blocks. Here, an example in which the IC card is operated in two operation modes, a power saving mode and a normal operation mode, will be described. The normal operation mode is a mode in which the communicable distance between the R / W and the IC card is short but the IC card can be operated with the maximum performance. The power saving operation mode is a mode in which the IC card is operated with the minimum power consumption. This is the mode to operate in the original. In this power saving mode, R / W
The communicable distance between the device and the IC card can be increased, but the functions are minimized. For example, the IC card shown in FIG.
It is configured as shown in FIG. That is, the IC of the present embodiment
The card 1 operates based on an antenna 10 that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves to and from the R / W, a transmission and reception control circuit 20 that controls transmission and reception of the antenna 10, and power supplied from the transmission and reception control circuit 20, an operation clock, and the like. A plurality of IC elements, namely, a central processing unit (CPU) 30, two volatile storage circuits (RAM # 1, # 2) 31, 32, a read-only storage circuit (ROM) 33, and a nonvolatile storage circuit (EEPRO)
M) 34, two numerical operation circuits (NDP # 1, # 2) 3
5 and 36 are respectively arranged at predetermined positions on the card medium. The transmission control circuit 20 includes a data processing unit 21, a power control unit 22, a clock generation unit 23, an I / O
It has functions of a control unit 24 and a memory buffer 25.

RAM 31, 32, ROM 33, EEPROM
The OM 34 is connected to the CPU 30 through the data bus B.
It is connected to the. The data component is transmitted via the I / O line L to the transmission / reception control circuit 20, the CPU 30, the NDP 35,
6 can be mutually transmitted and received. The operation clock is supplied to each IC element through a “Clock” line.

The supply of power to each IC element is performed by the transmission / reception control circuit 20 in two systems.
That is, RAM (# 2) 32, ROM 33, EEPROM
OM 34, NDP (# 2) 36 and CPU 30
DC power of a predetermined value is supplied through the “VccL” line, and “VccL” is supplied to the RAM (# 1) 31 and the NDP (# 1).
A predetermined value of DC power is supplied through the "ccH" line.
The transmission / reception control circuit 20 and the CPU 30 perform “Active”
The line is connected by a line, and the CPU 30
operation stops according to the signal level of the "ve" line,
It can be restarted. The stop or restart of the CPU 30 can be changed when the operation clock from the “Clock” line is in the stop state.

The R / W and the IC card 1 are, for example, 13.
Communication is performed using an electromagnetic wave obtained by modulating a carrier wave of 56 MHz. The modulation method of the carrier is, for example, ASK10
%, And the bit coding is NRZ (Non Retaur
n to Zero). The IC card 1 receives an electromagnetic wave from the R / W with the antenna 10 to generate AC power, and sends the AC power to the transmission / reception control circuit 20.

The transmission / reception control circuit 20 separates the AC power received from the antenna 10 into a power component, a clock component, and a data component in the data processing unit 21.

The data processing unit 21 stores the data components in the memory buffer 25 and determines the contents of the data components, for example, data information or command data (command) to be stored in the IC card 1 or, in the case of command data, an execution format. Is determined, and a control signal is generated and necessary processing is performed according to the determination result. The executable command is a command for executing a processing program for the power saving mode / normal power mode, and the non-executable command is, for example, a power saving change command for changing to the power saving mode, a normal operation mode. And the like. The data processing unit 21 generates a control signal in accordance with the type of such a command, and based on the control signal, generates “Active”
It controls the signal level of the line to notify the CPU 30 and changes the operation mode in accordance with the operation mode change command received from the CPU 30 through the “I / O” line L. The data processing unit 21 also controls the data communication speed according to the operation mode. For example, in the power saving mode, 1-bit data information is recognized by the number of 128 waves, and the data communication speed with the R / W is set to 105.953.
Control to Kbps. In the normal operation mode, 1-bit data information is recognized by 64 waves, and the data communication speed is controlled to 211.875 Kbps. Furthermore, I / O
Upon receiving a transmission command from the CPU 30 to the R / W via the line L, the data and the like are transmitted to the R / W by changing the reflectance of the antenna 10 according to the data in the memory buffer 25.

The power control unit 22 generates, for example, 5 V DC power from the power components described above. Then, this DC power is supplied to the corresponding IC element in a form corresponding to the operation mode described above. For example, if the operation mode is the normal operation mode,
DC power is supplied to all the IC elements through both the “VccH” line and “VccL” line, and in the power saving mode, DC power is supplied to some IC elements only through the “VccL” line.

The clock generator 23 divides the AC power received from the antenna 10 to generate a square wave,
The operating clock is supplied to all the IC elements through the "ock" line. If the operation mode is the normal operation mode, the frequency is 6.75 M obtained by dividing 13.56 MHz by two.
Hz, or 3.39 MHz obtained by dividing 13.56 MHz by 4 in the power saving mode.

The I / O control unit 24 controls input and output between the antenna 10 and each IC element. The memory buffer 25 stores an operation mode setting flag indicating the current operation mode and the data processing unit 21. Data information generated by
Alternatively, it holds data information to be transmitted.

The RAMs 31 and 32 are volatile storage circuits used by the CPU 30 through the data bus B.
It is used for storing the results of processing by the CPU 30 and the like. RA
Since DC power is always required for the storage operation, the M31 and M32 are provided with two types of RAMs, namely, a RAM (# 1) 31 having a large storage capacity and a RAM (# 1) having a small storage capacity.
2) 32 and can be used alone or simultaneously according to the operation mode.

The ROM 33 is a nonvolatile storage circuit that stores processing instructions used by the CPU 30, specifically, application programs, parameters, and the like. The application programs and the like simultaneously store programs for services requiring high security such as electronic money and services for general purposes such as common traffic tickets, and execute the programs from the R / W. When a request command of a format (command for normal power mode / command for power saving mode) is received, it can be arbitrarily selected and read from CPU 30. Normally, application programs for services that require high security are read and executed under a normal power mode command, and application programs for highly versatile services are executed under power saving mode commands. Is read and executed.

The NDPs 35 and 36 receive I / O signals from the CPU 30.
Advanced numerical calculations are performed at high speed based on the data information and instructions sent through the O line L, and the results of each calculation are sent to the CPU 30 on demand. The NDP (# 1) 35 is for performing an asymmetric encryption process by, for example, RSA, and is a relatively large-scale circuit. On the other hand, the NDP (# 2) 36 is for performing symmetric encryption processing by, for example, DES, and is a relatively small-scale circuit. In this example, only the NDP (# 1) 35 can be executed in the power saving mode, and the NDP (# 1) 35 and the NDP (# 2) 36 can be executed cooperatively in the normal operation mode. You may make it usable. The EEPROM 34 has a card identification I that is read when various card services are provided.
D and the results of the processing of the CPU 30 are stored.

Next, a data communication method using the card system will be described. First, the card activation process will be described with reference to FIG. At initial startup, I
The C card 1 operates in the power saving mode. That is, when the 13.56 MHz electromagnetic wave from the R / W is received by the antenna 10 (step S101), the transmission / reception control circuit 20 receives the AC power, generates a 13.39 MHz operation clock, and sends it to each IC element (step S101). S
102, S103). Also, the power component is supplied to the corresponding IC element through the "VccL" line (step S1).
04), the operation mode setting flag of the memory buffer 25 is set to the power saving mode (step S105). CPU 30
Reads the corresponding instruction from the ROM and executes the necessary processing in the power saving mode (step S106).

Next, referring to FIG. 3, a description will be given of a process of changing the operation mode in the IC card 1. When the antenna 10 receives the 13.56 MHz electromagnetic wave from the R / W, the transmission / reception control circuit 20 receives the AC power from the antenna 10, extracts the data component, and stores the data component in the memory buffer 25 (step S201). The CPU 30
The data component is read from the memory buffer 25 (step 202), and the type of the command is determined. If the command is a normal operation mode change command and the current operation mode is the power saving mode, a request is made to the transmission / reception control circuit 20 to change to the normal operation mode, and a response is generated (step S203: Yes, S204). : Yes, S20
5). If the command is a power saving mode change command and the current operation mode is the normal operation mode, a request is made to the transmission / reception control circuit 20 for a change in the power saving mode, and a response is generated (step S203: No, S207). :
Yes, S208: Yes, S209). If the command is neither the normal operation mode change command nor the power saving mode change command, the normal command processing (processing when there is no operation mode change processing) is executed (step S203: No,
S207: No, S210). After that, a processing result and a response are returned to the R / W (step S211).
The above processing is repeated while the IC card 1 is in the R / W communication area.

The procedure for changing the operation mode from the current power saving mode to the normal operation mode in step S205 is specifically as shown in FIG. That is, the CPU 30 notifies the transmission / reception control circuit 20 of the change to the normal operation mode via the "I / O" line L (step S301). The transmission / reception control circuit 20 determines that “Ati
The signal level of the “ve” line is set to Low, and the operation of the CPU 30 is temporarily stopped (Step S302). And
The frequency of the operation clock supplied to each IC element is 6.78.
MHz (step S303), and power supply to the "VccH" line is started (step S304). After changing the operation mode setting flag in the transmission / reception control circuit to the normal operation mode (step S305), “Active”
The signal level of the line is set to High, and the operation of the CPU 30 is restarted (step S306).

On the other hand, the procedure for changing the operation mode from the normal operation mode to the power saving mode in step S209 is as shown in FIG. That is, CPU
Transmission / reception control circuit 2 from “30” through “I / O” line L
0 is notified of the change of the power saving mode (step S40).
1). The transmission / reception control circuit 20 sets the signal level of the “Active” line to Low, and temporarily stops the operation of the CPU 30 (Step S402). Then, the frequency of the operation clock supplied to each IC element is reduced to 3.39 MHz (step S403), and the supply of the DC power supplied to the “VccH” line is stopped (step S40).
4). Then, after changing the operation mode setting flag in the transmission / reception control circuit to the power saving mode (step S405),
The signal level of the “Active” line is set to High, and the operation of the CPU 30 is restarted (step S406).

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the execution type command processing. From the R / W, two types of commands, a normal operation mode command and a power saving mode command, are selectively transmitted.
The IC card 1 determines the types of these commands and stores necessary application programs and the like in the ROM 33.
And execute it. That is, in the case of the command for the normal operation mode, the command processing is executed and a response is generated (step S501: Yes, S502, S502).
503). In the case of the power saving mode command, the command processing is executed and a response is generated (step S
501: No, S504: Yes, S505, S506).
If neither the command for the normal operation mode nor the command for the power saving mode, a mode error response is generated (step S501: No, S504: No, S507).

As described above, in the card system of the present embodiment, the normal operation mode and the power saving mode are used in order to dynamically change the scale of the IC element and the operation clock, which are factors that cause an increase in the power consumption of the IC card 1. Since two operation modes are provided, and the IC card 1 can switch any one of the operation modes based on a command from the R / W, for example, at a short communication distance, a high communication speed, a high processing speed, and a high The function can be ensured, and the minimum operation can be guaranteed even at a long communication distance.

Further, since a plurality of application programs and the like are stored in the ROM 33 and read out and executed in accordance with the operation mode, a highly convenient IC card and card system can be realized. .

(Second Embodiment) The above-mentioned IC card 1
Since the operation mode is changed by a command from the R / W side, a malfunction may occur if the R / W cannot receive enough power to operate in the normal operation mode. Therefore, in this embodiment, an example in which the IC card presents the current power receiving state to the R / W and changes the operation mode based on the presentation will be described. In this case, the R / W indicates that the instruction code generator
A part of the functions is changed so that the power receiving state of the C card is detected, and the instruction code is generated according to the detected power receiving state. The configuration on the IC card side is also partially changed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, a part connecting the transmission / reception control circuit 20 and the CPU 30 with the “INT line” is added to the IC card 1 to configure the IC card 2. Clock generation unit 2
3 changes the signal level of the “INT line” to H at regular time intervals.
a power state memory in the internal memory of the CPU 30 or the EEPROM 34;
The IC card 1 differs from the IC card 1 of FIG. 1 in that when the signal level of the “INT line” changes from low to high, the processing during operation is interrupted to rewrite a specific address area of the power state memory. I have. For convenience, each component is denoted by the same reference numeral as in the first embodiment.

To the data component from the R / W, a status confirmation command is added in addition to the data information and various commands used in the first embodiment. This status check command is R
/ W is a command used when it is desired to check the power receiving state of the IC card 2. The IC card 2 returns, as a response, a power saving mode, a normal operation mode, or whether or not these operation modes are available, depending on the current power receiving state.

The CPU 30 periodically reads out the received power amount from the memory buffer 25 of the transmission / reception control circuit 20 and stores it in the power state memory in the data format shown in FIG. In this case, the data length is 1 byte, for example, and 8 bits from "b1" to "b8" are used to represent the power state at each bit instant as a pattern signal. If each bit is "1", it indicates that sufficient power is received for operation in the normal operation mode, and if "0", it indicates that power is insufficient. “B1” is the latest power state, and “b8” is the oldest power state.

The card start-up process and the operation mode change process of the IC card 2 according to this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment. The actual command processing is performed according to the procedure shown in FIG. That is, after the electromagnetic wave from the R / W is received by the antenna 10, the transmission / reception control circuit 20 extracts the data component and stores it in the memory buffer 25 (step S601), and reads it to determine the type of command. (Steps S602 and S603).

If the command is a status confirmation command, power status confirmation command processing is executed (step S).
603: Yes S604). If the command is a normal operation mode change command and the current operation mode flag is the power saving mode, a request is made to the transmission / reception control circuit 20 to change to the normal operation mode, and a response is generated (step S603: No, S605: Yes, S606: Yes, S6
07).

If the command is a power saving mode change command and the current operation mode flag is the normal operation mode, a request is made to the transmission / reception control circuit 20 to change to the power saving mode, and a response is generated (step S603). : N
o, S605: No, S609: Yes, S610: Yes, S
611).

When the command is a normal operation mode change command and the current operation mode flag is the normal operation mode, or when the command is a power saving mode change command, the current operation mode flag is the power saving mode. In this case, a mode non-change response is generated (step S606: No, S610: No, S608).

If the command is neither a status confirmation command nor a normal operation mode change command or a power saving mode change command, normal command processing is executed (steps S603: No, S605: No, S609: No, S6).
12). After that, a processing result and various responses are returned to the R / W (step S613). R
Repeat while in the communication area of / W.

The power status confirmation command process in step S604 is a process of reading the contents of the power status memory, checking whether power is sufficiently supplied, and generating a response indicating the result. Here, it is assumed that operation is possible in the normal operation mode only when all bits are “1”, that is, “FFh”. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, a status confirmation command is received, and (Step S
701), check the power state memory. If the power state memory is "FFh", a normal operable response is generated (step S702: Yes, S703). If the power state memory is other than "FFh", a power-saving operable response is generated (step S702: No, S704).

Next, a procedure for updating the power state memory will be described with reference to FIG. The CPU 30 reads the current amount of power from the memory buffer 25 of the transmission / reception control circuit 20 in response to an interruption received through the “INT line” at a certain interval (step S801), and checks whether the current amount is equal to or more than the certain amount (step S802). If it exceeds a certain amount of power, the power state memory is shifted upward by one bit, and "1" is added to the lower one bit (step S80).
2: Yes, S803). If the power amount is equal to or less than the certain power amount, the power state memory is shifted upward by one bit, and “0” is added to the lower one bit (step S802: No, S80)
4).

As described above, in the second embodiment, the IC card 2 reads out the information indicating the current power receiving state at regular intervals and presents a response corresponding to the information to the R / W. A situation in which the normal operation mode is not performed when the number is insufficient is avoided, and the occurrence of a malfunction can be effectively prevented.

(Third Embodiment) In the third embodiment, the IC
An example of stabilizing the execution of command processing in an execution format in a card and autonomously changing the operation mode according to the power receiving state will be described. The IC card in this case has basically the same configuration as that shown in the second embodiment, but differs from the second embodiment in that the operation state memory is formed in, for example, the RAM (# 2) 32. The data in the operation state memory is data for limiting a change in the operation mode during the execution of the command. The data length is, for example, 1 byte, "01h" during command execution, and "0" when not executed.
0h ".

The card start-up process and the operation mode change process are the same as in the second embodiment. In the actual command processing, a state lock / unlock processing is added in addition to the processing of the second embodiment. Specifically, FIG.
The command processing is executed according to the procedure shown in FIG.

That is, after the electromagnetic wave from the R / W is received by the antenna 10, the data component is extracted by the transmission / reception control circuit 20 and stored in the memory buffer 25 (step S901). (Steps S902 and S90)
3).

If the command is a status confirmation command, a power status confirmation command process is executed (step S).
903: Yes, S904). This power state confirmation command processing is the same as in the second embodiment.

If the command is not a status confirmation command, the data in the operating status memory is set to "status locked" (step S903: No, S905). If the command is a power saving mode command (if not a normal operation mode command), power saving mode command processing is executed (step S906: No, S907). If the command is a normal operation mode command and the current operation mode is the normal operation mode, command processing for the normal operation mode is executed (step S906: Yes, S908: Ye).
s, S909), if not in the normal operation mode, a power shortage error response is generated (step S906: Yes,
S908: No, S910). Thereafter, each processing result or response is returned, and the data in the operation state memory is returned to “state unlock” (steps S911 and S912).
This process is repeated while in the R / W communication area. This makes it possible to secure the stability of the command processing in the executable format.

Next, the updating process of the operation state memory and the power state memory will be described. The content of the update process is as shown in FIG. 12, and an operation mode change process is included in addition to the process in the second embodiment. Further, the second embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the power receiving time is measured by, for example, a timer in the CPU, and the operation mode change processing is enabled only when the time is up.

That is, the point that the interrupt processing is started, the power state memory is shifted upward by one bit, and “1” or “0” is added to the lower one bit is different from the processing in steps S801 to S804 of the second embodiment. It is the same (steps S1001 to S1004). In this embodiment, when the count i of the power reception time exceeds the maximum value of the timer, the count i is returned to “0” and the data in the operation state memory is checked (steps S1006 and S1007). If it is not locked, the operation mode is set (or changed) autonomously according to the data in the power state memory (step S1007: No). For example, if the power state memory is "FF
If it is "h", the normal operation mode is set (changed) (step S1009), and if it is not "FFh", the power saving mode is set (changed) (step S1010). In this case, “i” is set to “i + 1” and the interrupt processing is terminated (step S1005: No,
S1011). If the data in the operation state memory is locked in step S1007, the interrupt processing is immediately terminated (step S1007: Yes).

As described above, in the third embodiment, in the case other than the state confirmation command, the operation state memory is locked until the corresponding command processing is executed and a response is returned.
Since the operation mode cannot be changed, it is possible to stabilize the processing of the command in the execution format, and it is also possible to autonomously change the operation mode according to the power receiving state.

[0060]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the IC card and the card reader operate at a high communication speed and a high processing speed at a short communication distance and at a high function at a short communication distance. The minimum operation can be guaranteed even at the communication distance. Therefore, a single IC-equipped card can cover two usage environments, one requiring a high security at a short communication distance, and the other a usage environment requiring a speed and a long communication distance. The IC-mounted card can be used in a wide range of application services such as high-priced electronic money and common transportation tickets, thereby increasing convenience.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a non-contact type IC card according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of card activation processing.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of an operation mode change process.

FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of a process of changing to a normal power mode, and FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of a process of changing to a power saving mode.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of a normal command process.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a non-contact type IC card according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of an operation mode change process according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the structure of data representing a power state.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of a power state confirmation command process.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a power state memory rewriting process.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of an operation mode changing process by the non-contact type IC card according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure of interrupt processing according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of a conventional non-contact type IC card.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2, 3 Non-contact type IC card 10 Antenna 20 Transmission / reception control circuit 21 Data processing unit 22 Power control unit 23 Clock generation unit 24 I / O control unit 25 Memory buffer 30 CPU 31, 32 RAM 33 ROM 34 EEPROM 35, 36 NDP

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takeshi Tanaka 3-3-3 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo NTT Data Communications Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2C005 MA01 MA25 NA09 NB04 QA00 SA02 SA27 TA22 5B035 AA02 AA05 AA11 AA13 BB09 CA11 CA12 CA13 CA23 CA29 CA31 CA36 5B058 CA17 CA22 CA23 CA27 KA01 KA04 KA11 KA31 YA03

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. An IC element that operates based on an operation clock, a component extraction unit that extracts a clock component and a data component included in a received external signal, and a type of instruction data included in the extracted data component. Main control means for determining and generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode in accordance with the result of the determination; and converting the extracted clock component into an operation clock supplied to the IC element, and converting the clock component into the control signal. And a clock control means for dynamically changing the frequency of the operation clock based on the one card medium. 2. A plurality of IC elements that operate upon supply of power from a power source, component extracting means for extracting a power component and a data component contained in a received external signal, and a command included in the extracted data component. Main control means for determining the type of data and generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode according to the result of the determination; and an IC for generating the power supply power from the extracted power component and supplying power. An IC mounted card comprising: a power control unit for dynamically changing the number of elements based on the control signal; 3. A transmission control means for controlling a transmission rate of target data transmitted / received to / from an external device; a component extraction means for extracting a data component included in a received external signal; And a main control means for generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode in accordance with the result of the determination on a single card medium. An IC mounted card, wherein the control means is configured to determine a unit data length of the target data and dynamically change the unit data length based on the control signal. 4. A plurality of IC elements which operate upon supply of an operation clock and power supply power; component extraction means for extracting a power component, a clock component, and a data component contained in a received external signal; Main control means for determining a type of instruction data included in a data component and generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode according to a result of the determination; generating the power supply power from the extracted power component; Power control means for forming a power supply path between an IC element to be supplied with power based on a control signal; and generating the operation clock from the extracted clock component, supplying the operation clock to the plurality of IC elements, and controlling the control clock. And clock control means for determining the frequency of the operation clock based on the signal on a single card medium. IC mounted card the frequency of the power supply path and an operation clock, characterized in that dynamically changes according to the operation mode. 5. A transmission control means for determining a unit data length of target data transmitted / received to / from an external device and dynamically changing the unit data length based on the control signal. The IC-mounted card according to claim 4. 6. A power state management means for storing power state information indicating a power receiving state of the power component in a predetermined memory area in an updatable manner and notifying the stored power receiving state information to a transmission source of the extraneous signal. The IC-mounted card according to claim 2, wherein the card is provided. 7. The power state management unit detects the amount of received power at a plurality of time points, and generates the power state information by forming a pattern signal indicating whether or not the detected amount of received power is equal to or more than a predetermined value. The IC-mounted card according to claim 6. 8. An instruction discriminating means for discriminating between instruction data of an executable format and instruction data of a non-executable format; 6. The IC card according to claim 4, further comprising a lock unit for locking a frequency of the supply and operation clocks. 9. The plurality of IC elements include an integrated circuit that executes a specific process stepwise in cooperation with another integrated circuit,
6. The IC card according to claim 2, wherein the IC card is selected based on the control signal together with another integrated circuit that cooperates based on the control signal. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of IC elements each include an integrated circuit that independently executes processing with a different amount of calculation, and one of the plurality of IC elements is selected based on the control signal. An IC-mounted card according to claim 2, 4 or 5. 11. A power saving mode in which a normal power mode operating at a maximum performance and a power saving mode operating at a minimum power consumption are formed based on the control signal. 11. The IC card according to any one of items 1 to 10. 12. A processing instruction storage means for storing a plurality of types of processing instructions, and a processing instruction execution means for reading and executing different processing instructions from the processing instruction storage means in the normal power mode and the power saving mode. The IC-mounted card according to claim 11, comprising: 13. A card reader for performing data communication with the IC-mounted card according to claim 1, wherein the IC-mounted card has a plurality of different operation modes. A card reader, comprising: an instruction code generation unit that generates an instruction code for forming the instruction code; and a transmission unit that reflects a component of the instruction code on a carrier wave and radiates. 14. A demodulation means for receiving a reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave from the IC card and demodulating a data component represented by the reflected wave, wherein the instruction code generation means comprises a demodulator for demodulating the data component. 14. The card reader according to claim 13, wherein the instruction code is generated according to contents. 15. The card reader according to claim 13, further comprising data processing means for performing data communication at a speed according to a current operation mode of said IC mounted card. 16. An IC mounted card on which an IC chip is mounted, and a card reader for performing data communication using electromagnetic waves between the IC mounted card and the IC mounted card, wherein the IC mounted card has: (1-1) a plurality of IC elements that operate upon the supply of an operation clock and power supply power, (1-2) a component extraction unit that extracts a power component, a clock component, and a data component contained in the received electromagnetic wave, The main control means for determining the type of instruction data included in the extracted data component, and generating a control signal for forming a different operation mode according to the determination result, (1-3) the power component extracted from the Power control means for generating power supply power and forming a power supply path with an IC element to be supplied with power based on the control signal, (1-4) generating the operation clock from the extracted clock component Clock control means for supplying the plurality of IC elements and determining the frequency of the operation clock based on the control signal; (1-5) determining a unit data length of target data transmitted / received to / from the card reader And a transmission control means for dynamically changing the unit data length based on the control signal, wherein the reader / writer (2-1) according to a power receiving state of the IC mounted card side, Means for generating an instruction code for generating a control signal and performing required data processing with a unit data length according to the operation mode, (2-2) having means for reflecting the component of the instruction code on a carrier wave A card system characterized by the following. 17. An IC mounted card on which an IC chip is mounted, and a card reader for performing data communication between the IC mounted card and the IC mounted card by using electromagnetic waves. What is claimed is: 1. A data communication method in a card system receiving an operation clock, comprising: a step of notifying the card reader of the fact that the power receiving state of the IC-equipped card is equal to or less than a predetermined value; The reader reflects an instruction command for requesting a performance change on the electromagnetic wave to the I
Transmitting to the C-mounted card, and the IC-mounted card having received the request command identifying the request command and autonomously and dynamically changing the performance of the IC chip. Data communication method.