ITRM20110238A1 - METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INSULATED FORMWORKS FOR CONTAINMENT OF CONCRETE THROUGHOUT IN ORDER TO CREATE WALLS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE, AND MEANS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

Description

Description of the industrial invention entitled: METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF INSULATED FORMWORKS FOR CONTAINING CONCRETE CAST IN SITE TO CREATE REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS, AND MEANS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION;

The present invention relates to the building sector, in particular to an innovative method for the construction of the walls of buildings with reinforced concrete load-bearing structures, even with multiple floors and / or large dimensions, using a composite "single-deck" formed by two paneled frames on the external faces, made integral with each other at the time of construction.

According to the invention, each frame is equipped with a wood-based panel for stiffening the frames themselves in their main plane and for insulation between the rods of the frame itself. The metal reinforcement complies with the specific legislation on reinforced concrete constructions and is inserted in the cavity of the single-deck, between the two paneled frames.

Nowadays the construction of houses benefits from undoubtedly fast structural prefabrication systems, but not yet able to create a rustic so advanced with a single operation that it simultaneously achieves static continuity, insulation and acoustic insulation. Separate systems, with the present invention it is instead possible to make the building space accessible immediately after the addition of traditional coverings, of the fixtures and of the floors.

The present invention is based on the use of a few simple materials, already commonly available and easy to apply:

- wood-based panels, classified by structural use, preferably of a single thickness, possibly also of a different type (eg oriented flake panels (OSB), solid wood panels with three or more glued layers;

- uprights and transoms in solid wood or in laminated wood, preferably with a square section, for the construction of the frames;

- two-component epoxy adhesive with appropriate fillers of a known type, for gluing wooden elements, available in cartridges, cans and also in drums for applications with machinery already on the market;

- artificial fiber sheets or mats for reinforcement or waterproofing;

- two-component epoxy adhesive without fillers of a known type, for applying artificial fiber sheets, mats and tapes;

- light and non-deformable insulating panels, in non-impregnable synthetic material (eg polystyrene, polyurethane, etc.);

- staples, nails and / or screws, in the minimum quantity necessary to keep the rods and wood-based panels adherent and firm to each other during the assembly phases;

- a plurality of internal connection means comprising a threaded rod, nuts, washers and other aggregating means for retaining the metal reinforcement B450C for reinforced concrete; hereinafter, each of these connecting means will be referred to as a "connecting device" or "device";

- transversal connection bars in B450C steel for reinforced concrete, prepared to be contained between the two paneled frames of the single-shaft;

- ready-mixed concrete with suitable characteristics.

It should be pointed out right now that the originality of the present invention is not lost even when the rods of the frames, instead of being made of wood, are replaced with metal profiles, or with profiles in composite materials (for example FRP) or with profiles in other synthetic materials. Likewise, the originality of the present invention remains even when the panels derived from wood which cover the frames are replaced with metal panels, or panels made of composite materials, or panels made of other synthetic materials. The same applies to the metal reinforcement type B450C, to be considered replaceable with bars and brackets in FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) or other suitable material.

The two paneled and insulated frames are to all intents and purposes a single artifact, because they are built sequentially by applying their components one on top of the other. The two frames of the single-deck, despite being spaced at the desired distance between them, from the moment of their construction are solidly connected to each other by the inseparable and multiple connection built. For this reason, for their whole as described, the diction of "monocassero" was adopted.

This single-deck is then substantially formed by two paneled frames which are constrained to each other so as to define an internal space suitable for housing the reinforcement.

According to the invention, said internal cavity of the single casing contains a plurality of connecting devices or mechanisms which tie together the paneled frames.

A peculiar feature of the invention consists in the fact that these devices also serve to keep the metal armature - for example of the B450C type - inserted in the interspace in the assigned position and furthermore each of them performs the function of internal tie rod in the face of the hydrostatic thrust. of the concrete fed from above. For this reason, the assembly described up to this point can also be referred to as "equipped single box".

After pouring the concrete, the equipped single-deck remains in place and is no longer recoverable because it already contains the insulation for the insulation and anything else you want to add (for example compatible pipes). Therefore, for the whole as described, the term "disposable equipped single box" can be adopted.

The surfaces of the disposable equipped single-deck constitute the rustic tops ready to accommodate the products and finishing materials. Preferably the single-deck is built with the panels side by side, without solution of continuity, but inside it is equipped with elements (rods and panels) for the delimitation of the spaces assigned to the openings (doors, windows and similar), so that they cannot be occupied by the concrete. The removal of the portions of panels that have temporarily occluded the openings is carried out after the curing time of the concrete. This procedure advantageously allows to optimize the construction systems and make the handling, transport and installation of the single casings safer.

The manufactured article obtained according to the present invention can be defined as "advanced rustic" and more generally "advanced rustic with disposable equipped single casings".

It should be noted that in the manufacturing process described, which can be carried out in the factory or in another suitable place, such as the construction site or its vicinity equipped with a removable and temporary cover (e.g. awning), no machinery and expensive equipment, as the availability of horizontal fixed benches is sufficient. Simple auxiliary machinery is enough to move the "equipped single casings". The same applies to their loading on means of transport.

The installation of the "disposable equipped single caissons" described according to the present invention is simple and does not require highly specialized labor, because all the operations required are simple, repetitive and sequentially logical.

However, the design must be accurate and the application of the single caissons requires the continuous presence of the technical management on site, with better economic results and at the same time expanding the employment opportunities for young graduates and graduates.

A better understanding of the construction method and of the means for implementing the present invention will be obtained with the following description and with the attached drawings in which they are first illustrated in a sequence of simple exemplary drawings, aimed at explaining the methods of implementation of the method proposed. Then follow some in-depth drawings of the "advanced rustic with disposable equipped single caissons" process on a portion of the reinforced concrete wall. All drawings are intended purely by way of example and not limitative.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows a single casing (1) intended for the construction of a perimeter wall with its internal frame elevation (2) and its external frame elevation (3) identified;

Figure 2 shows a wooden panel (4) to be intended as lying flat on a fixed bench, on which the operations of the entire construction process of the "disposable equipped single box" follow one another; the tracing marks (5) are made on the panel (4) and a bead of structural adhesive (6) is applied in correspondence;

Figure 3 shows a wooden rod (7), shown here separately, intended for the function of vertical rod of a frame (2) of the "single-cassette" (1). Acting on the face (7a) of the rod which in fig. 3 is opposite to the panel (4), the through holes (8) are made in the desired position and in the same position as the enlargement holes (9), limiting their depth to what is needed to house a hexagonal nut (10a). Shallow grooves (11) are sometimes practiced on the lateral faces of the rod, the purpose of which will be explained below. In each enlargement hole (9) a hexagonal, square nut (10a) is placed, which is made irremovable for rotation in the hole (9) locking it with one or more nails or screws (12);

Figure 4 shows how the rod (7) is then rotated by 180 ° around its longitudinal axis and positioned on the panel (4) in correspondence with the path (5) and the overlying bead of adhesive (6). Each lateral groove (11), which can also be continuous, has the purpose of making the lateral insertion position of the screws (13) obligatory, by means of which sufficient pressure is applied so that the rod is inseparably bonded to the panel;

Figure 5 shows how in each hole (8) a quantity of adhesive (14) is introduced with any of the known methods and with any suitable instrumentation, such as for example the adhesive in cartridges introduced with a special gun (15) and then a threaded rod (16) is inserted into the hole (8) by rotating it on itself so that it screws into the nut (10a) and at the same time pushes the adhesive into the residual space (17) between the hole (9) and the nut (10a) and in the vacuum (18) between the wall of the hole (8) and the threaded surface of the same bar (16);

Figures 6 and 7 show how silicone stamps (19) are applied to the panel (4) and then panels (20) made of water-repellent insulating material, sufficiently rigid, are placed;

figure 8 shows the whole of the mechanism or device (21), which is an essential element for the implementation of the invention. It consists of a threaded connection bar (16), some nuts (10a, 10b, ..., 10f) and a pair of anchoring plates (22 and 23) of a particular shape, which will also be referred to below for brevity with the term "anchors". The shape of said anchoring plates or anchors (22, 23) substantially resembles that of a "Π" (capital pi) with a closed central area and projections in the plane perpendicular to that of the plate itself;

Figure 9 shows an anchor (22) of the aforesaid pair characterized by: a central hole (22a) made in the central area to be able to insert the anchor on the threaded rod (16); some small holes (22b) arranged around said central hole, among which the one in the most convenient position can be used to block - with a nail or a screw any tendency for the rotation of the anchor (22) to rotate during the locking of the nut ( 10b); horizontal (22c) and vertical (22d) arms which in their terminal part have an angle folded in such a way as to form teeth (22e) able to penetrate the insulating panels (20) in proximity to their edges, keeping them stationary. There is also an asymmetrical flap (22f) arranged perpendicularly to the plate itself and equipped with windows (22q, 22h and 22k) of which one, the one (22k) that extends further into the internal space of the single casing, is intended to retain one of the two arms of the "return spring" (41), which can be considered as a single bracket closed at the top. The other arm of the return spring (41) fits into the window (23k) of the anchor (23). The entire return spring (41), made of B450C type steel, is made to slide upwards after the single casing has been allocated until it reaches the appropriate height to fit into the single casing of the upper floor.

Finally, on the anchor (22) there are lateral flaps (22i) perpendicular to the asymmetrical lapel and to the plane of the anchor, whose profiling has recesses that serve to keep the horizontal reinforcement B450C in position, which is inserted inside the "disposable equipped single box" at the time of its assembly.

Advantageously, each connection device (21) comprises two anchors (22, 23) identical to each other in which the one (22) are rotated horizontally by 180 ° with respect to the others (23), around an axis of trace A-A of fig. 8 passing through the center of the central hole (22a) and arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the threaded rod (16) which passes through the central hole itself.

It is evident that the adaptation and improvement of the components of the device (21) and of the anchors (22) and (23), which could occur with the evolution of technology on materials and their processing and for any changes to the regulations of reference, does not modify the inventive concept which is the basis of the present invention and, therefore, falls within the scope of protection of this patent.

Continuing in the description of the method of construction of the invention and in the application of the means for its implementation:

Figure 11 shows the application of the anchor (22) after the adhesive (14), previously inserted, has set and the nut (10a) is made immovable. First place the anchor (22) on the respective threaded rod (16) using the central hole (22a), then press the anchor (22) on the face (7b) of the upright rod (7), so that the lateral corner teeth (22e) penetrate the insulating panels (20a), it being eventually possible to block the rotation of the anchor (22) with nails or screws (12). A nut (10b) is then applied to tighten the anchor (22) against the face (7b) of the rod (7);

Figure 12 shows how the reinforcement bars (24) for reinforced concrete of the B450C type, preferably electrolytically galvanized, are placed on the surfaces of the first insulated frame (2), orienting them in the direction that will be the horizontal one of the single casing (1), when this is put in place. The bars (24a) are immediately positioned on a special saddle provided in the arms (221) of the anchors (22) and tied to them with usual wire ties (25), normally used for the binding of reinforcing bars, or another system of equal effectiveness;

figure 13 shows the introduction of the bars (26) in the direction that will then be the vertical one of the single casing (1) when it is installed. The bar (26a) is positioned and tied close to the bars (24a) and against the contour of the hole (22k). The binding is carried out with ties (25), or with another system of equal effectiveness. As soon as the bars (26a) have been tied to the anchors (22), the bars (24b) are tied to the bars (26a);

Figure 14 shows how other B450C type loose vertical bars (27) and then other horizontal B450C type B450C bars (28) are inserted and then two nuts (10c) and (10d) are screwed onto each bar (16) in the desired position . The nut (10c) and the lock nut (10d) are used to make the assigned position unchangeable. Note that the B450C type bars must be clean and free of rust. The electrolytic galvanizing treatment of the bars, or other effective treatment, is preferable;

Figure 15 illustrates how, at this point, the anchors (23) are inserted on the threaded bars (16) and locked with a lowered nut (10e). It is thus possible to tie the horizontal bars (28a) to the arms (23i) of the anchors (23) with ties (25). It then continues by lifting the vertical bars (27a) internally and tying them close to the horizontal bars (28a) and against the contour of the hole (23k), maintaining the same binding procedures already described.

Separately, wooden rods (29) are prepared for the function of vertical rods of the frame (3) of the single casing (1). Through holes (30) are drilled on the rods (29) in the desired position and, starting from the same face (29a) of the wooden rods (29), some expansion holes (31) whose depth is limited to what is necessary to fit a washer (32) and a tightening nut (10f) which presses the wooden rod (29) onto the corresponding anchoring plate (23). It is also advisable to make expansion holes on the opposite face (29b) of the rod (29), useful for containing the lowered nuts (10e), which are necessary to hold each of the anchors (23) still. Subsequently it is possible to apply the rods (29) of the second frame (3), fixing them to the anchors (23) by means of further nuts (10f);

as shown in figure 16, the other irons present in the free state inside the cavity, namely the vertical ones (27b) and the horizontal ones (28b), still need to be tied. This is done when the connection between the two reinforcements is made, for example with the "tying rods" (33) equipped with their own terminal "call whiskers", so-called because they are folded towards the inside of the concrete core (30). The tying irons (33), also known as "tie rods" (although always equipped with whiskers folded as described), whose shape shown here looks like an "S" or a "Z", can also be shaped with other possible shapes and in the number prescribed by the standard. It is quite obvious that it would be possible to insert part of the reinforcement rods (27 and 28) even after having positioned the wooden rods (29) of the frame (3).

After the application of the wooden rods (29), the formation of the frames (2) and (3) can be easily completed by connecting respectively to the uprights (7) and (29) the lower running rods (55) and (56) and the upper current rods (57) and (58) shown in fig.

24. By adopting pre-machining methods of the rods with dovetail notches or simple tenons on the end positions of the vertical rods (7) and (29) and in the positions assigned along the horizontal running rods (55) and (56), the procedure of construction becomes more accurate and expeditious. The method is also applicable to frames (2) and (3) pre-packaged separately and then inserted into the construction process.

In figures 17A, 17B, 17L, for greater clarity the sequence that has already been described for figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 is repeated.

Continuing in the description:

Figure 18 shows the insertion of the tying rods (33) (or "S" or "Z" tie rods) preferably in steel type B450C, also useful for keeping the main metal reinforcements type B450C made up of horizontal rods at the regulated distance (24) and (28) and the vertical rods (26) and (27);

Figure 19 shows the subsequent application of the panels (20b) in sufficiently rigid water-repellent insulating material, supported along the edges and in the corners by the anchors (23).

Wanting to achieve greater retention of the panels (20b) in the assembly phase, the wooden rods (29) can be equipped with rebate profiles (34) of various shapes, or by any spacer element (35) interposed between the insulating panels ( for example in printed sheet metal. On the surfaces of the panel (20b) silicone stamps (19) and then a bead of adhesive are applied

(6);

Figure 20 shows the wood-based panels (36), also consisting of several pieces cut out in accordance with the positioning of the frame rods (3);

Figure 21 shows how the panels (36) are brought back with the edges placed in correspondence with the rods (29) of the frame (3) and are held in position by applying nails or screws (37), so as to exert and maintain the pressure until the gluing of the panels (36) on the rods (29) has become effective;

Figure 22 shows an overall cross-section of the single-board (1) on the face (2) of which a finishing panel (38) can be applied, or a "ready-made" plaster with reinforcing mesh can be applied, i.e. a simple painting. On face (3) it is possible to proceed directly in the same way. If the face of the paneled frame (3) is exposed to bad weather, it is possible first to apply reinforcement tapes (39) and suitable adhesive (for example two-component epoxy type) and, subsequently, to waterproof the entire surface by applying adhesive, possibly epoxy and reinforced with a fabric or fiber mat (40). Subsequently, even the "ready type" plaster is spread, adding the common reinforcing mesh for plaster inside;

figure 23 shows a portion of blind single-deck (1), so called because without the preparation of the contours to obtain the door and window compartments, made according to the present invention and how easy it is to make the continuity of the metal reinforcement from one floor to the the other by sliding upwards, before casting, the call bars (41), here drawn in one of the many possible shapes, previously positioned in the holes (22k and 23k) of the anchoring plates (22, 23). These irons (41) cross the perimeter beams in correspondence with the floor (42) and are arranged so that they enter the cavity of the single-gangway of the upper floor.

It should be noted that a single-shaft (1) does not need a particular type of foundation, being compatible with the systems currently in force, such as concrete slabs (43) and continuous foundations, taking care however to waterproof the floor above the foundation. in correspondence with the shutter of the single casing (1) with a sheet and mat (44) made of fibrous material with an adhesive matrix preferably epoxy. The continuity of the waterproofing is ensured by making the mat (40) surmount the waterproofing mat (44) of the base and again impregnating the overlap with the appropriate adhesive that ensures absolute stagnation, or by bringing back some fiber reinforcement bandages and impregnating them. with adhesive, preferably two-component epoxy. The static continuity between the base or foundation (43) and the concrete wall (45) is ensured by the reinforcement reinforcement (59), to be defined case by case;

Figure 24 shows a portion of a single box (1) provided with openings. At the time of their construction, transport and installation, the single casings (1) appear blind, without openings; however inside them the frames (2) and (3) are provided with suitable elements for delimiting the casting. These delimitations are formed by further rods (46) equipped with anchors where they are needed, insulating plates (47) where they are needed and panels (48) for the contour (shoulders, ceilings, lower thresholds and sub-sills). During their construction, the internal voids are reinforced with temporary boundary rods (49) to resist the buoyancy of the concrete. After casting, the door and window openings are restored by simply making holes (50) in the corners and cutting the panels in correspondence with the contour edges (51) with a portable circular or other suitable instrumentation. At this point the temporary reinforcements are removed (49).

One of the advantages of the invention is to use the same construction method for the perimeter load-bearing walls and for the internal load-bearing walls, even when they are separating between different properties or between common parts. The system is suitable for the construction of buildings with effective anti-seismicity, even when the opposite walls are very distant from each other. The result is a predisposition of the system to be contextualized also to the construction of anti-seismic floors of great span, preferably with crossed reinforcement, avoiding the excess of internal pillars.

Figure 25 shows how easy it is to facilitate the migration of condensate by applying on the panel (4) a strip of dry material (52), such as for example a ribbon of balanced glass mat of adequate weight;

figure 26 shows another solution that supports the reinforcement of the panel (4) with the application of a glass mat (53) glued with a suitable adhesive (54) (for example of an epoxy type), except for the central strip kept dry to favor the transmigration of condensate;

Figure 27 shows the application of the strip of dry material (52), for example a balanced fiberglass tape of adequate weight, after having provided for the laying of the insulating panel (20b);

as in figure 28, the final waterproofing of the face (3) of the single-deck is carried out by applying a suitable quantity of epoxy adhesive (54), possibly reinforced with a balanced glass mat (53) of adequate weight.

The evacuation of the internal condensate can also be obtained by making shapes and chamfers (55) on the materials; figure 29 identifies bevels (55) made in the insulating panels (20b);

Figure 30 shows a plan detail of a constructive hypothesis on the practical use of the present invention. Together with the portion of the building in plan, the disposable single casings (1) and the relative walls are indicated, all considered "load-bearing", because they are functional to the statics and seismic resistance of the whole:

(60) indicates a single-piece perimeter single-shaft the relative perimeter bearing wall;

(61) and (62) indicate two single caissons dividing the apartments, each of a single piece, and the relative two load-bearing walls;

(63) and (64) indicate two single caissons, each of a single piece, and the relative load-bearing walls of the facade;

(65), (66), (67) and (68) indicate four single caissons, each of a single piece, and the relative four bearing walls of the rear facade;

(69) and (70) indicate two connecting single casings, each of a single piece, and the relative two bearing walls.

For the connection of the B450C metal reinforcements, previously inserted separately in converging single casings, we use specially prepared openings (74), through which to insert the horizontal connection brackets and the vertical reinforcements, as well as any other vertical and horizontal integrative reinforcement, both linear and shaped. After having inserted all the further metal reinforcements, the closing elements (71) are affixed, substantially composed of a panel (72) and the insulation (73) integrally applied to it. The closing element (71) is glued to the reception compartment (74) and fixed with screws that maintain its pressure. Subsequently the closure is covered with a glass mat which is glued to the neighboring portions of the single box, possibly with epoxy adhesive. In this way, an effective structural continuity of the single-deck paneling is obtained and the concrete can be cast.

The same figure 30 highlights: (75) is an "L" corner joint, 76) is a three way or "T" joint and (77) is a cross or "X" joint.

Finally, it should be noted that the anchors (22, 23) in figure 10 are produced in any material suitable for the function exercised and in compliance with the legislation on reinforced concrete constructions.

In summary, the process according to the present invention substantially provides for the following steps: A) preparing a first panel (4) in wooden material consisting of one or more panels placed side by side in a known way without solution of continuity;

B) making, in one or more upright rods made of wooden material (7), a plurality of transverse through holes (8) parallel to each other and having a first section (9) of larger diameter; C) fixing, in a known way, a nut (10a) inside said portion (9) having a larger diameter than each through hole (8) of each upright rod (7);

D) glue on the first panel (4) said one or more upright rods (7) with holes, with the nuts (10a) facing the panel (4);

E) pour a known type of adhesive into each through hole (8), insert one end of a threaded rod (16) into each one and screw it onto the corresponding nut (10a), so that the bar remains firmly glued in its seat and that the nut (10a) is immovable;

F) gluing on the first panel (4), on the sides of the mounted rods (7) and for the entire surface of the panel (4) itself, a plurality of insulating panels (20) made of rigid material;

G) after the glue referred to in step E) has set, insert a first anchoring plate or anchor (22) on each threaded rod (16) until it rests on the upright rod (7);

H) screw a second nut (10b) onto the threaded rod (16) until the first anchor (22) is tightened against the upright rod (7);

I) position the vertical (26a, 26b) and horizontal (24a, 24b) rods required on one side of the reinforcement by tying in a known way to the first anchors (22) the vertical ones located in correspondence with them;

J) screw and fix a nut and relative lock nut (10c, 10d) along the threaded rod (16), at a predetermined distance from the first anchor (22);

K) insert a second anchor (23) on the threaded rod (16) and fix it on said nut and locknut by means of a further nut (10e), where said second anchor (23) is the same as said first anchor (22) and is rotated horizontally 180 ° with respect to the latter about an axis passing through the center of a central hole (22a, 23a) of the anchors and arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the threaded rod (16) which passes through the central hole itself;

L) positioning the vertical (27a, 27b) and horizontal (28a, 28b) bars required on the other side of the reinforcement, tying the vertical ones that are in correspondence to the second anchors (23) in a known way;

M) insert further upright rods made of wooden material (29) on the threaded rods (16), for this purpose said further upright rods (29) being suitably provided with transverse through holes (3) with a part (31) having a larger diameter;

N) screw a last nut (10f) onto each threaded rod (16) until each further upright rod (29) is tightened against the second anchor (23);

O) completing the construction of the armature in a known way, by using suitable shaped brackets (30), for example "S" or other suitable shape;

P) place on the armature and between said further upright rods (29) a plurality of further insulating panels (20B) in rigid material, corresponding to the previous insulating panels

(20);

Q) glue on said further upright rods (29) and on said further insulating panels, a second panel (36) made of wooden material consisting of one or more panels placed side by side in a known way without solution of continuity.

Claims (15)

CLAIMS: 1. Process for the construction of insulated single casings for containing concrete cast on site to create reinforced concrete walls, characterized in that it involves the construction of a composite single casing (1) formed by two paneled frames (2, 3) integral with each other. them, in which the two paneled and insulated frames are made sequentially by mounting their components one on top of the other and in which said two frames of the single-deck, even if spaced at the desired distance, are integrally connected since the moment of their construction. one with the other by means of an inseparable and multiple connection obtained thanks to a plurality of internal connection devices or mechanisms (21) which bind said paneled frames together and which are housed in the space existing between the same frames (2, 3) , which space defines an internal cavity suitable to house the reinforcement for the concrete; said connection devices (21) also being able to keep the metal reinforcement inserted in the interspace in the assigned position and furthermore each of them performs the function of internal tie rod in the face of the hydrostatic thrust of the concrete introduced into the formwork. 2. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: A) providing a first panel (4) in wooden material consisting of one or more panels placed side by side in a known way without interruption; B) making, in one or more upright rods made of wooden material (7), a plurality of transverse through holes (8) parallel to each other and having a first section (9) of larger diameter; C) fixing, in a known way, a nut (10a) inside said portion (9) having a larger diameter than each through hole (8) of each upright rod (7); D) glue on the first panel (4) said one or more upright rods (7) with holes, with the nuts (10a) facing the panel (4); E) pour a known type of adhesive into each through hole (8), insert one end of a threaded rod (16) into each one and screw it onto the corresponding nut (10a), so that the bar remains firmly glued in its seat and that the nut (10a) is immovable; F) after the glue referred to in step E) has set, insert a first anchoring plate or anchor (22) on each threaded rod (16) until it rests on the upright rod (7); G) screw a second nut (10b) onto the threaded rod (16) until the first anchor (22) is tightened against the upright rod (7); H) positioning the vertical (26a, 26b) and horizontal (24a, 24b) bars required on one side of the reinforcement, tying the vertical ones that are in correspondence to the first anchors (22) in a known way; I) screw and fix a nut and relative lock nut (10c, 10d) along the threaded rod (16), at a predetermined distance from the first anchor (22); J) insert a second anchor (23) on the threaded rod (16) and fix it on said nut and locknut by means of a further nut (10e), where said second anchor (23) is the same as said first anchor (22) and is rotated by 180 ° with respect to the latter about a horizontal axis passing through the center of a central hole (22a, 23a) of the anchors and arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the threaded rod (16) which passes through the central hole itself; K) positioning the vertical (27a, 27b) and horizontal (28a, 28b) bars required on the other side of the reinforcement, tying the vertical ones that are in correspondence to the second anchors (23) in a known way; L) insert further upright rods made of wooden material (29) on the threaded rods (16), for this purpose said further upright rods (29) being suitably equipped with transverse through holes (3) with a part (31) having a larger diameter; M) screwing a last nut (10f) onto each threaded rod (16) until each further upright rod (29) is tightened against the second anchor (23); N) completing the construction of the reinforcement in a known way, by using suitable tying rods (33), for example "S" or "Z" or other suitable shape; O) glue on said further upright rods (29) and on any insulating panels, a second panel (36) in wooden material consisting of one or more panels placed side by side in a known way without interruption. 3) Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that between phases E) and F) and / or between phases N) and 0), a further phase is provided in which, between the reinforcement rods and the panels (4, 36), a plurality of insulating panels (20, 20B) made of rigid material are glued to the sides of the upright rods (7, 29) and for the entire remaining surface of the panel (4, 36). 4) Process according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that each connection mechanism or device (21) substantially comprises: a threaded connection rod (16), some nuts (10a, 10b, ..., 10f) adapted to be screwed onto said bar and a pair of anchoring plates or "anchors" (22 and 23), in which said anchoring plates or anchors (22, 23) have a shape that substantially resembles that of a "Π" with a closed central area and overhangs in the plane perpendicular to that of the plate itself. 5. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that each anchor (22, 23) provides: a central hole (22a) made in the central area to be able to insert the anchor on the threaded rod (16); some small holes (22b) arranged around said central hole, among which the one in the most convenient position can be used to block with a nail or a screw any tendency for the rotation of the anchor (22) to rotate during the tightening of the nut (10b ); horizontal (22c) and vertical (22d) arms which in their terminal part have a folded corner so as to form teeth (22e) able to penetrate the insulating panels (20) in proximity to their edges, keeping them stationary. 6. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at the base of the central area there is a lower asymmetrical flap (22f) arranged perpendicular to the anchor itself and equipped with windows (22g, 22h and 22k) of which one, that ( 22k) which extends further into the internal space of the single-deck, is intended to retain a respective spring (41) sliding of the frame, which is inserted inside the single-deck at the time of its construction. 7. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at the sides of the central area of each anchor (22) there are flaps or lateral arms (221) perpendicular to the lower asymmetrical flap (22f) and to the plane of the anchor , the profiling of which has recesses that are used to keep the horizontal rods of the reinforcement in position, which are inserted inside the single box at the time of its assembly. 8. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each connecting device (21) comprises two identical anchors (22, 23) in which one (22) is rotated horizontally by 180 ° with respect to the other (23 ), around an axis passing through the center of the central hole (22a, 23a) and arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the threaded rod (16) which passes through the central hole itself. 9. Process according to claims 2 and 7, characterized by the fact that the reinforcing bars from reinforced concrete are placed on the surfaces of the first paneled frame (2) orienting them in the direction that will be the horizontal one of the single-deck (1), when this will be placed in opera; said horizontal bars (24a) being immediately positioned on a special saddle provided in the flaps the lateral arms (221) of the anchors (22) and tied to them with ties (25) in wire of a known type, normally used for tying of reinforcing bars, or by other means of equal effectiveness; 10. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that, with respect to the reinforcing bars that are arranged in the direction that will then be the vertical one of the single casing (1) when it is installed, each bar (26a) is positioned and tied close of the bars (24a) and against the contour of the hole (22k), and that as soon as the bars (26a) have been tied to the anchors (22), the bars (24b) are tied to the bars (26a); the binding being carried out with ties (25) of a known type, or with another system of equal effectiveness; 11. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it provides to insert further vertical bars (27) and then other horizontal bars (28) and, subsequently, to screw two nuts (10c) and (10d) onto each bar (16) in the desired position; the nut (10c) and the lock nut (10d) being able to make the assigned position unchangeable. 12. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that after having inserted the anchors (23) on the threaded bars (16) and locked them with a lowered nut (10e), it is envisaged to tie the horizontal bars (28a) to the arms ( 23i) of the anchors (23) with ties (25), then proceed by lifting the vertical bars (27a) internally and tying them against the horizontal bars (28a) and against the edge of the hole (23k). 13. Process according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that elements, ie rods and panels, are provided inside the single-casing for delimiting the spaces assigned to the openings such as e.g. doors, windows and similar, so that they cannot be occupied by concrete; thus obtaining that the removal of the portions of panels which have temporarily occluded the openings can be carried out after the curing time of the concrete. 14. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfaces of the single-deck are suitable for forming rustic surfaces ready to accommodate the finishing products and materials. 15. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it provides for the use of epoxy or other synthetic type adhesives, or natural adhesives, provided they are suitable, with and without fillers.