ITMI942500A1 - PVF3 FLEXIBLE SHEATH AND ITS APPLICATION TO METAL FLEXIBLES - Google Patents
PVF3 FLEXIBLE SHEATH AND ITS APPLICATION TO METAL FLEXIBLES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITMI942500A1 ITMI942500A1 IT94MI002500A ITMI942500A ITMI942500A1 IT MI942500 A1 ITMI942500 A1 IT MI942500A1 IT 94MI002500 A IT94MI002500 A IT 94MI002500A IT MI942500 A ITMI942500 A IT MI942500A IT MI942500 A1 ITMI942500 A1 IT MI942500A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- sheath
- flexible
- metal
- pvf3
- flexibles
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
- B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
- F16L9/147—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/14—PVF, i.e. polyvinyl fluoride
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Details Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
Abstract
L'INVENZIONE SI RIFERISCE A GUAINE FLESIBILI A BASE DI POLITRIFLUOROETILENE.QUESTE GUAINE POSSONO ESSERE DEPOSITATE ATTORNO AD UN TUBO METALLICO FLESSIBILE ED ESSERE UTILIZZATE COME FLESSIBILE OFF-SHORE.THE INVENTION REFERS TO POLYRIFLUOROETHYLENE-BASED FLEXIBLE SHEATHS. THESE SHEATHS CAN BE DEPOSITED AROUND A FLEXIBLE METAL PIPE AND CAN BE USED AS OFF-SHORE FLEXIBLE.
Description
Descrizione dell'invenzione industriale Description of the industrial invention
La presente invenzione si riferisce a una guaina flessibile di PVF3 e alla sua applicazione ai flessibili metallici. The present invention relates to a flexible sheath of PVF3 and its application to metal hoses.
E' d'uso corrente utilizzare dei flessibili per l'estrazione del petrolio e di gas nel mare. Questi flessibili sono costituiti da un tubo flessibile interno d'acciaio, da una guaina di materia plastica la cui funzione è quella di assicurare l'impermeabilità ai petroli e ai gas e da armature metalliche. Flessibili di tale tipo sono per esempio descritti nel brevetto europeo EP 166 385. It is common practice to use hoses for the extraction of oil and gas in the sea. These hoses consist of an internal flexible steel tube, a plastic sheath whose function is to ensure impermeability to oils and gases and metal armor. Flexible hoses of this type are described for example in the European patent EP 166 385.
Come guaina termoplastica di impermeabilizzazione, si utilizzano delle poliammidi che risultano adatte quando la temperatura di estrazione dei fluidi non è superiore a 80-100°C. As a thermoplastic waterproofing sheath, polyamides are used which are suitable when the extraction temperature of the fluids is not higher than 80-100 ° C.
A una temperatura più alta, per esempio fino a 130 o 140-°C, si utilizza il polifluoruro di vinilidene. Ma questo polimero essendo semi-cristallino e la sua rigidità elevata, la sua utilizzazione come tal quale non risulta possibile in una struttura destinata ad essere arrotolata e disarrotolata a una temperatura molto bassa senza aver fatto ricorso ad una plastificazione interna o esterna. At a higher temperature, for example up to 130 or 140- ° C, vinylidene polyfluoride is used. But this polymer being semi-crystalline and its high rigidity, its use as such is not possible in a structure intended to be rolled and unrolled at a very low temperature without having resorted to internal or external plasticization.
Un esempio di plastificazione interna viene fornito nel brevetto EP 166 385 citato in precedenza; si copolimerizza il fluoruro di vinilidene con un monomero fluorurato. Si aumenta così la flessibilità della guaina ma si diminuisce generalmente la temperatura di utilizzazione, si aumenta la sua permeabilità ai gas e si constata una sensibilità aumentata (in riferimento all 'omopolimero) allo scoppio ad una rapida decompressione rendendo la sua utilizzazione pericolosa per certe temperature e pressioni di esercizio elevate. An example of internal plasticization is provided in the patent EP 166 385 mentioned above; vinylidene fluoride is copolymerized with a fluorinated monomer. The flexibility of the sheath is thus increased but the temperature of use is generally decreased, its permeability to gases is increased and an increased sensitivity (in reference to the homopolymer) to bursting and rapid decompression is observed, making its use dangerous for certain temperatures. and high operating pressures.
L'utilizzazione di plastificanti esterni viene citata nei brevetti francesi 2.560.884, 2.592.655 e 2.618.791. The use of external plasticizers is mentioned in French patents 2,560,884, 2,592,655 and 2,618,791.
Certi plastificanti rendono possibile l'utilizzazione del PVDF omopolimero nella preparazione di flessibili mediante ammorbidimento. Ma in servizio, è stato constatato che la guaina recupera a poco a poco la sua rigidità originale per allontanamento del plastificante generalmente poco compatibile con il PVDF. Non solo la rigidità aumenta, ma egualmente compare di fatto la formazione di tensioni interne dovute all'allontanamento del plastificante e la tendenza alla ritrazione impedita della guaina. Certain plasticizers make it possible to use homopolymer PVDF in the preparation of hoses by softening. But in service, it was found that the sheath gradually recovers its original stiffness due to the removal of the plasticizer, which is generally not very compatible with the PVDF. Not only does the rigidity increase, but also the formation of internal tensions due to the removal of the plasticizer and the tendency to prevented retraction of the sheath also appears.
E' stato trovato che tutti questi inconvenienti dovuti alla necessaria plastificazione interna o esterna del PVDF sono soppressi mediante l'utilizzazione di un polimero comprendente delle unità trifluoroetilene . It has been found that all these drawbacks due to the necessary internal or external plasticization of the PVDF are eliminated by using a polymer comprising trifluoroethylene units.
La domandante ha trovato che si possono fare delle guaine (o dei tubi) particolarmente flessibili, utilizzando un polimero comprendente delle unità trifluoroetilene. The applicant has found that particularly flexible sheaths (or tubes) can be made using a polymer comprising trifluoroethylene units.
Si ottengono così delle guaine aventi una temperatura di utilizzazione molto superiore a quelle realizzate in PVDF. inoltre, la guaina risulta più flessibile. In this way sheaths are obtained having a temperature of use much higher than those made of PVDF. furthermore, the sheath is more flexible.
Oltre al trifluoroetilene (VF3 il polimero delle guaine dell'invenzione può comprendere anche i residui di unità clorotrifluoroetilene, tetrafluoroetilene, esafluoropropene, fluoruro di vinilidene, o etilene. In addition to trifluoroethylene (VF3, the polymer of the sheaths of the invention can also comprise residues of chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, vinylidene fluoride, or ethylene units.
Non si uscirà dall'ambito dell'invenzione se si aggiungono delle cariche, dei pigmenti o anche un po' di plasitificanti del tipo estere o sulfonammide. It will not depart from the scope of the invention if fillers, pigments or even some plasitizers of the ester or sulfonamide type are added.
L'invenzione si riferisce anche a un tubo metallico flessibile ricoperto di una guaina secondo la presente invenzione. The invention also refers to a flexible metal tube covered with a sheath according to the present invention.
Il flessibile ottenuto è particolarmente utile per il trasporto di idrocarburi liquidi o gassosi a temperature elevate. Questo flessibile può allora essere rivestito da strati di protezione come gomme, reti metalliche o tessili. The resulting hose is particularly useful for the transport of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons at high temperatures. This hose can then be coated with protective layers such as rubbers, metal nets or textiles.
Per il trasporto di gas, è preferito che il polimero della guaina sia essenzialmente l'omopolimero del trifluoroetilene. For gas transport, it is preferred that the sheath polymer is essentially the trifluoroethylene homopolymer.
L'invenzione si riferisce anche ai cavi ricoperti dalla guaina dell'invenzione . The invention also refers to cables covered by the sheath of the invention.
Sia i cavi che i tubi flessibili, possono essere ricoperti con questa guaina mediante un processo di estrusione. Both cables and hoses can be covered with this sheath by means of an extrusion process.
Il cavo può essere un filo metallico o un trefolo o più trefoli formanti un cavo metallico. The cable can be a metal wire or a strand or several strands forming a metal cable.
ESEMPI EXAMPLES
Attorno a un tubo flessibile d'acciaio di 32 mm di diametro costituito da spire tra le quali si trovano dei vuoti e interstizi che permettono la sua articolazione, si estrude una guaina termoplastica di 5 mm di spessore. A 5 mm thick thermoplastic sheath is extruded around a 32 mm diameter flexible steel tube consisting of coils between which there are voids and interstices that allow it to be articulated.
Allo scopo di comparare l'attitudine all'arrotolamento dei differenti materiali costituenti la guaina, si opera nel seguente modo: In order to compare the rolling capacity of the different materials making up the sheath, we operate as follows:
Il tubo inguainato viene posto su due supporti .fissi. Si appoggia a equidistanza dai punti di appoggio un rullo curvato di 75 mm di raggio. Si applica sul rullo la pressione necessaria per deformare il tubo inguainato e per dargli il raggio di curvatura del rullo. The sheathed tube is placed on two fixed supports. A curved roller with a radius of 75 mm is placed equidistant from the support points. The necessary pressure is applied on the roller to deform the sheathed pipe and to give it the radius of curvature of the roller.
L'altezza dello sprofondamento del rullo indica l'attitudine alla deformazione del flessibile. La altezza massima è di 170 mm: essa corrisponde all'arrotolamento perfetto del tubo inguainato sul rullo. Se prima dell'arrotolamento perfetto del tubo inguainato vi è rottura, si considera l'altezza. Più essa è elevata,più il flessibile è adatto alla flessione. The height of the collapse of the roller indicates the deformation capacity of the hose. The maximum height is 170 mm: it corresponds to the perfect rolling of the sheathed tube on the roller. If there is a break before the perfect rolling of the sheathed pipe, the height is considered. The higher it is, the more flexible the hose is suitable for bending.
Inoltre, si effettua la prova a temperature differenti. Furthermore, the test is carried out at different temperatures.
ESEMPIO 1 EXAMPLE 1
Altezza di sprofondamelito del rullo prima della rottura (in mm - 170 mm corrispondono al massimo) Height of collapse of the roller before breaking (in mm - 170 mm correspond to the maximum)
Guaina I: omopolimero di VF2 - Foraflon 1000 di ELF ATOCHEM Guaina II: omopolimero di VF2 + 7,5% in peso di N-butilbenzene sulfonamide. Sheath I: homopolymer of VF2 - Foraflon 1000 by ELF ATOCHEM Sheath II: homopolymer of VF2 + 7.5% by weight of N-butylbenzene sulfonamide.
Guaina III: copolimero di VF2 e di esafluoropropene nel rapporto molare 95/5. Sheath III: copolymer of VF2 and hexafluoropropene in the molar ratio 95/5.
Guaina IV : l'mopolimero di VF3. Sheath IV: the VF3.
ESEMPIO 2 EXAMPLE 2
Si sottopongono i quattro tubi flessibili guainati ad invecchiamento termico per 3 mesi a 150°C. Si eseguono poi le prove come descritto precedentemente. The four sheathed flexible tubes are subjected to thermal aging for 3 months at 150 ° C. The tests are then carried out as previously described.
Altezza di sprofondamento del rullo prima della rottura (in m - 170 mm corrispondono al massimo) Height of collapse of the roller before breaking (in m - 170 mm correspond to the maximum)
ESEMPIO 3 EXAMPLE 3
Si sottopongono i quattro flessibili guainati ad invecchiamento termico per 3 mesi a 180°C. Si eseguono poi le prove come descritto precedentemente. The four sheathed hoses are subjected to thermal aging for 3 months at 180 ° C. The tests are then carried out as previously described.
Altezza di sprofondamento del rullo prima della rottura (in mm - 170 mm corrispondono al massimo) Height of collapse of the roller before breaking (in mm - 170 mm correspond to the maximum)
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9315235A FR2714140B1 (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1993-12-17 | Flexible sheath in PVF3 and its application to metallic hoses. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITMI942500A0 ITMI942500A0 (en) | 1994-12-13 |
| ITMI942500A1 true ITMI942500A1 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
| IT1271733B IT1271733B (en) | 1997-06-04 |
Family
ID=9454071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI942500A IT1271733B (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1994-12-13 | PVF3 FLEXIBLE SHEATH AND ITS APPLICATION TO METAL FLEXIBLES |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2803584B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950018074A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1114932A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU688413B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE1009248A3 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9405112A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2138355A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4445083A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK143794A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI945931A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2714140B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2284819B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1271733B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO944863L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE9404251L (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9611668D0 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1996-08-07 | Balmoral Group | Pipe coating |
| CN1100081C (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2003-01-29 | 上海天臣新技术有限公司 | Antiforge pressure-sensitive marker of high-molecular porous compound film and its preparing process |
| EP2412735B1 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-04-30 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fluororesin and riser pipe |
| DK3594274T3 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2023-12-11 | Daikin Ind Ltd | SHEET, LAMINATE, PIPE, RISE PIPE AND FLOW PIPE |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2739246A1 (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1979-03-15 | Siemens Ag | Wires with balloon insulation of polyester or fluorocarbon! - giving low dielectric constant and good stability |
| JPS5951421B2 (en) * | 1978-01-24 | 1984-12-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Piping materials suitable for moist heat fluids |
| DE3105971A1 (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-08-19 | The Kendall Co., 02101 Boston, Mass. | METHOD FOR COATING TUBES |
| JPS59177199A (en) * | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-06 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Suppression of propagation of bacteria in piping |
| JPS59200202A (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-13 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Optical transmission fiber |
| FR2560884B1 (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1986-10-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY AND THEIR USE, IN PARTICULAR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBES |
| NO165612C (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1991-03-06 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | FLEXIBLE COMPOSITION ROOM FOR TRANSPORTING A HIGH-TEMPERATURE FLUID. |
| US4692381A (en) * | 1984-07-16 | 1987-09-08 | Pennwalt Corporation | Foamable polyvinylidene fluoride and methods |
| FR2592655B1 (en) * | 1986-01-07 | 1988-07-29 | Atochem | COMPOSITE BASED ON VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE WITH IMPROVED HOLD IN CONTACT WITH HYDROCARBONS - APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBE FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY. |
| JPS6374010A (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-04 | Toray Ind Inc | Plastic optical fiber having good heat resistance |
| JPH0640164B2 (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1994-05-25 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Heat resistant optical transmission fiber |
| FR2618791B1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-12-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | POLYMER COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE AND AN ELASTOMER, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USES |
| GB2223188B (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1992-04-15 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk | Coated metal pipe and method for manufacturing the same |
| BE1006615A3 (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-11-03 | Solvay | Polymer compositions intended for the cables manufacturing and pipes flexible and articles made therefrom. |
-
1993
- 1993-12-17 FR FR9315235A patent/FR2714140B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-12-07 SE SE9404251A patent/SE9404251L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-12 GB GB9425010A patent/GB2284819B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-13 IT ITMI942500A patent/IT1271733B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-12-15 NO NO944863A patent/NO944863L/en unknown
- 1994-12-15 BR BR9405112A patent/BR9405112A/en active Search and Examination
- 1994-12-16 DE DE4445083A patent/DE4445083A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-16 BE BE9401137A patent/BE1009248A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-16 KR KR1019940034679A patent/KR950018074A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-16 JP JP6313351A patent/JP2803584B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-16 AU AU81501/94A patent/AU688413B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-16 DK DK143794A patent/DK143794A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-16 CA CA002138355A patent/CA2138355A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-16 FI FI945931A patent/FI945931A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-17 CN CN94119528A patent/CN1114932A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9405112A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
| GB9425010D0 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
| JP2803584B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
| FR2714140A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 |
| BE1009248A3 (en) | 1997-01-07 |
| IT1271733B (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| NO944863L (en) | 1995-06-19 |
| CA2138355A1 (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| DK143794A (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| NO944863D0 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
| GB2284819B (en) | 1997-11-19 |
| KR950018074A (en) | 1995-07-22 |
| SE9404251A0 (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| AU688413B2 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
| ITMI942500A0 (en) | 1994-12-13 |
| FR2714140B1 (en) | 1996-01-19 |
| SE9404251D0 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| JPH07276523A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
| FI945931A (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| FI945931A0 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
| DE4445083A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| AU8150194A (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| SE9404251L (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| GB2284819A (en) | 1995-06-21 |
| CN1114932A (en) | 1996-01-17 |
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