CA2138355A1 - Flexible polytrifluoroethylene jacket and its application to metal hoses - Google Patents
Flexible polytrifluoroethylene jacket and its application to metal hosesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2138355A1 CA2138355A1 CA002138355A CA2138355A CA2138355A1 CA 2138355 A1 CA2138355 A1 CA 2138355A1 CA 002138355 A CA002138355 A CA 002138355A CA 2138355 A CA2138355 A CA 2138355A CA 2138355 A1 CA2138355 A1 CA 2138355A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sheath
- flexible
- polytrifluoroethylene
- jacket
- application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- -1 polytrifluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006366 Foraflon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
- B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
- F16L9/147—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/14—PVF, i.e. polyvinyl fluoride
Abstract
Gaines souples à base de polytrifluoroéthylène. Ces gaines peuvent être disposées autour d'un tube métallique flexible et être utilisées comme flexibles off shore.Flexible sheaths based on polytrifluoroethylene. These sheaths can be arranged around a flexible metal tube and be used as flexible offshore.
Description
213~S5 , GAINE SOUPLE EN PVF~ ET SON APPLICATION
AUX FLEXIBLES METALLIQUES
La présente invention concerne une gaine souple en PVF3 et son application aux flexibles métalliques.
ll est courant d'utiliser des flexibles pour l'exploitation de pétrole et de gazen mer. Ces flexibles sont constitués d'un tube flexible interne en acier, d'une gaine en matière plastique dont la fonction est d'assurer l'étanchéité aux pétroles et aux gaz et d'armatures métalliques. De tels flexibles sont par exemple écrits dans le brevet européen EP 166 385.
Comme gaine thermoplastique d'étanchéité, on utilise des polyamides qui conviennent lorsque la température d'exploitation des fluides ne dépasse pas 80 à
100 C.
A plus haute température, par exemple, jusqu'à 130 ou 140 C, on utilise le polyfluorure de vinylidène. Mais ce polymère étant semi-cristallin et sa rigidité
élevée, son utilisation n'est pas possible telle quelle dans une structure destinée à
être enroulée et déroulée parfois à très basse température sans avoir recours à une plastification interne ou externe.
Un exemple de plastification interne est donné dans le brevet EP 166 385 cite précédemment: on copolymérise le fluorure de vinylidène avec un monomère fluroré. On augmente ainsi la souplesse de la gaine mais on diminue généralementsa température d'utilisation, on augmente sa permeabilité aux gaz et constate une sensibilité accrue (par rapport à l'homopolymère) à l'éclatement en déco"" ression brutale rendant son utilisation dangereuse pour certaines températures et pressions de service élevées.
L'utilisation de plastifiants externes est citée dans les brevets français 213 ~ S5 , FLEXIBLE PVF SHEATH AND ITS APPLICATION
WITH METAL FLEXIBLES
The present invention relates to a flexible PVF3 sheath and its application to metal hoses.
It is common to use hoses for oil and gas exploitation at sea. These hoses consist of an internal flexible steel tube, a sheath made of plastic, the function of which is to seal oil and gas and metal reinforcement. Such hoses are for example written in the European patent EP 166 385.
As a thermoplastic sealing sheath, polyamides are used which suitable when the operating temperature of fluids does not exceed 80 to 100 C.
At higher temperature, for example, up to 130 or 140 C, the polyvinylidene fluoride. But this polymer being semi-crystalline and its rigidity high, its use is not possible as such in a structure intended for be wound and unwound sometimes at a very low temperature without using a internal or external plasticization.
An example of internal plasticization is given in patent EP 166,385 cited above: vinylidene fluoride is copolymerized with a monomer fluoridated. This increases the flexibility of the sheath but generally decreases its operating temperature, increases its permeability to gases and notes a increased sensitivity (compared to homopolymer) to bursting in decoration "" ression brutal making its use dangerous for certain temperatures and pressures high service.
The use of external plasticizers is cited in French patents
2 560 884, 2 592 655 et 2 618 791. Certains plastifiants rendent possible l'utilisation du PVDF homopolymère lors de la manutention des flexibles en l'assouplissant.
Mais en service, il est constaté que la gaine retrouve peu à peu sa rigidité d'origine par départ du plastifiant généralement très compatible avec le PVDF. Non seulement la rigidité augmente, mais également une fragilisation apparait du fait de 213835~
la création de tensions internes dues au depart du plastifiant et la tendance auretrait ~llpêché de la gaine.
On a trouve que tous ces inconvénients dûs à la necessaire plastification s interne ou externe du PVDF étaient supprimés pour l'utilisation d'un polymère com,~,rel lant des motifs trifluoroéthylène. La demanderesse a découvert qu'on pouvait faire des gaines (ou des tuyaux) particulièrement souples, en utilisant un polymère co"~prenant des motifs trifluoroéthylène.
lo On obtient ainsi des gaines ayant une température d'utilisation très supérieure à celles réalisées en PVD~. De plus, la gaine est beaucoup plus souple.
Outre le trifluoroéthylène (VF3), le polymère des gaines de l'invention peut comprendre aussi les restes des motifs chlorotrifluoroéthylène, tetrafluoroéthylène, hexafluoropro~,ene, fluorure de vinylidène, ou éthylène.
On ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention en y ajoutant des charges, des pigments ou même un peu de plastifiants du type ester ou sulfonamide.
L'invention concerne aussi un tube métallique flexible recouvert d'une gaine selon la présente invention.
Le flexible obtenu est particulièrement utile pour le transport d'hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux à température élevée. Ce flexible peut alors être recouvert de couches de protection telles que des caoutchoucs, des toiles métalliques ou textiles Pour le transport du gaz, on préfère que le polymère de la gaine soit essentiellement l'homopolymère du trifluoroéthylène.
L'invention concerne aussi des câbles recouverts de la gaine de l'invention.
Que ce soit les câbles ou les tubes flexibles, on peut recouvrir cette gaine par un procédé d'extrusion.
Le câble peut être un fil métallique ou un toron ou plusieurs torons formant un câble métallique.
21-3~355 2,560,884, 2,592,655 and 2,618,791. Certain plasticizers make it possible to use PVDF homopolymer when handling the hoses by softening it.
But in service, it is found that the sheath gradually regains its original rigidity by leaving the plasticizer generally very compatible with PVDF. No only the rigidity increases, but also a weakening appears due to 213835 ~
the creation of internal tensions due to the departure of the plasticizer and the trend would be ~ llpêché sheath.
We found that all these drawbacks due to the need for plasticization s internal or external PVDF were removed for the use of a polymer com, ~, rel lant trifluoroethylene patterns. The Applicant has discovered that could make particularly flexible sheaths (or pipes), using a polymer co ~ ~ taking trifluoroethylene units.
lo This gives ducts with a very high operating temperature higher than those made in PVD ~. In addition, the sheath is much more flexible.
In addition to trifluoroethylene (VF3), the sheath polymer of the invention can also include the remains of the chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene units, hexafluoropro ~, ene, vinylidene fluoride, or ethylene.
We would not go beyond the scope of the invention by adding charges, pigments or even a few plasticizers of the ester or sulfonamide type.
The invention also relates to a flexible metal tube covered with a sheath according to the present invention.
The hose obtained is particularly useful for transport high temperature liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons. This hose can then be covered with protective layers such as rubbers, fabrics metallic or textile For the transport of the gas, it is preferred that the polymer of the sheath is essentially the homopolymer of trifluoroethylene.
The invention also relates to cables covered with the sheath of the invention.
Whether cables or flexible tubes, we can cover this sheath by an extrusion process.
The cable can be a metal wire or a strand or several strands forming a wire rope.
21-3 ~ 355
- 3 -ExemPles Autour d'un tube flexible d'acier de 32 mm de diambtre constitué de spires entre lesquelles se trouvent des creux et interstices permettant son articulation, on 5 extrude une gaine thermoplastique de 5 mm d'épaisseur.
Pour comparer l'aptitude à l'enroulement de différents matériaux constituant la gaine, on dispose du mode opératoire suivant:
Le tube gainé est placé sur deux supports fixes. Au moyen d'un galet de cinlrayQ de 75 mm de rayon, on appuie à équidistance des points d'appui du tube.On applique sur le galet la pression nécessaire pour déformer le tube gainé et lui donner le rayon de courbure du galet. La hauteur d'enfoncement du galet indique l'aptitude à la déformation du flexible. La hauteur maximum est de 170 mm: elle 15 correspond à l'enroulement parfait du tube gainé sur le galet. Si avant enroulement parfait du tube gainé il y a rupture, on note la hauteur. Plus elle est élevée, plus le flexible est apte à la flexion.
On effectue, de plus, le test à différentes températures. - 3 -Examples Around a 32 mm diameter flexible steel tube made up of turns between which there are hollows and interstices allowing its articulation, we 5 extrudes a 5 mm thick thermoplastic sheath.
To compare the windability of different constituent materials the sheath, we have the following operating mode:
The sheathed tube is placed on two fixed supports. By means of a roller cinlrayQ with a radius of 75 mm, press the support points of the tube equidistantly. Apply the pressure necessary on the roller to deform the sheathed tube and give the radius of curvature of the roller. The driving depth of the roller indicates the deformability of the hose. The maximum height is 170 mm: it 15 corresponds to the perfect winding of the sheathed tube on the roller. If before winding perfect of the sheathed tube there is rupture, we note the height. The higher it is, the higher the flexible is suitable for bending.
In addition, the test is carried out at different temperatures.
- 4 -ExemPle 1 Hauteur d'enfoncement du galet avant rupture (en mm -170 mm correspond au maximum) Ecl~~nlillon I ll lll IV
Gaine l: homopolymère de VF2 - Foraflon 1 000 de ELF ATOCHEM.
Gaine ll: homopolymère de VF2 + 7.5 % en poids de N-butylbenzène 10 sulfonamide.
Gaine lll: copolymère de VF2 et d'hexafluoropropène dans le rapport molaire 95/5.
Gaine IV: I'homopolymère de VF3.
.
213835~
ExemPle 2 On soumet les 4 tubes flexibles gainés a un vieillissement thermique pendant 3 mois a 150 C. On effectue ensuite les tests comme décrit précédemment.
Hauteur d'enfollce."e.lt du galet avant rupture (en mm 170 mm correspond au maximum) Echantillon I ll lll IV
20 C 100 90Gaine fondue 170 inutilisable - 30~ C 40 40Gaine fondue 140 inutilisable ZO
213835$
ExemPle 3 Les 4 flexibles sont soumis a un vieillissement thermique pendant 3 mois a 180 C. On effectue ensuite les tests comme décrits précedel"",e"t.
Hauteur d enfoncement du galet avant rupture (en mm -170 mm correspond au maximum) Echantillon I ll lll IV
20 C Gaines Gaines Gaines 160 inutllisablesinutTlisablesinutilisables - 30 C fondue - fondue - fondue - 110 déror"~ée déformée déformée - 4 -Drive-in height of the roller before failure (in mm -170 mm corresponds to the maximum) Ecl ~~ nlillon I ll lll IV
Sheath l: homopolymer of VF2 - Foraflon 1000 from ELF ATOCHEM.
Sheath ll: homopolymer of VF2 + 7.5% by weight of N-butylbenzene 10 sulfonamide.
Sheath III: copolymer of VF2 and hexafluoropropene in the ratio molar 95/5.
Sheath IV: the homopolymer of VF3.
.
213835 ~
The 4 sheathed flexible tubes are subjected to thermal aging for 3 months at 150 C. The tests are then carried out as described above.
Cutting height. "E.lt of the roller before failure (in mm 170 mm corresponds to the maximum) Sample I ll lll IV
20 C 100 90 Melted sheath 170 unusable - 30 ~ C 40 40 Melted sheath 140 unusable ZO
$ 213,835 The 4 hoses are subjected to thermal aging for 3 months at 180 C. The tests are then carried out as described above "", e "t.
Drive-in height of the roller before failure (in mm -170 mm corresponds to the maximum) Sample I ll lll IV
20 C Ducts Ducts Ducts 160 useless usable usable useless - 30 C fondue - fondue - fondue - 110 deror "~ deformed deformed
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9315235 | 1993-12-17 | ||
| FR9315235A FR2714140B1 (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1993-12-17 | Flexible sheath in PVF3 and its application to metallic hoses. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2138355A1 true CA2138355A1 (en) | 1995-06-18 |
Family
ID=9454071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002138355A Abandoned CA2138355A1 (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1994-12-16 | Flexible polytrifluoroethylene jacket and its application to metal hoses |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2803584B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950018074A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1114932A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU688413B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE1009248A3 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9405112A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2138355A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4445083A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK143794A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI945931A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2714140B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2284819B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1271733B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO944863L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE9404251L (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9611668D0 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1996-08-07 | Balmoral Group | Pipe coating |
| CN1100081C (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2003-01-29 | 上海天臣新技术有限公司 | Antiforge pressure-sensitive marker of high-molecular porous compound film and its preparing process |
| CN102361892B (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2013-12-18 | 大金工业株式会社 | Fluororesin and riser pipe |
| BR112019019919B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2023-10-17 | Daikin Industries, Ltd | SHEET, LAMINATE, TUBE, RISER TUBE, AND FLOW LINE |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2739246A1 (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1979-03-15 | Siemens Ag | Wires with balloon insulation of polyester or fluorocarbon! - giving low dielectric constant and good stability |
| JPS5951421B2 (en) * | 1978-01-24 | 1984-12-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Piping materials suitable for moist heat fluids |
| DE3105971A1 (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-08-19 | The Kendall Co., 02101 Boston, Mass. | METHOD FOR COATING TUBES |
| JPS59177199A (en) * | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-06 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Suppression of propagation of bacteria in piping |
| JPS59200202A (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-13 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Optical transmission fiber |
| FR2560884B1 (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1986-10-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY AND THEIR USE, IN PARTICULAR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBES |
| NO165612C (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1991-03-06 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | FLEXIBLE COMPOSITION ROOM FOR TRANSPORTING A HIGH-TEMPERATURE FLUID. |
| US4692381A (en) * | 1984-07-16 | 1987-09-08 | Pennwalt Corporation | Foamable polyvinylidene fluoride and methods |
| FR2592655B1 (en) * | 1986-01-07 | 1988-07-29 | Atochem | COMPOSITE BASED ON VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE WITH IMPROVED HOLD IN CONTACT WITH HYDROCARBONS - APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBE FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY. |
| JPS6374010A (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-04 | Toray Ind Inc | Plastic optical fiber having good heat resistance |
| JPH0640164B2 (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1994-05-25 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Heat resistant optical transmission fiber |
| FR2618791B1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-12-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | POLYMER COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE AND AN ELASTOMER, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USES |
| GB2223188B (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1992-04-15 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk | Coated metal pipe and method for manufacturing the same |
| BE1006615A3 (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-11-03 | Solvay | Polymer compositions intended for the cables manufacturing and pipes flexible and articles made therefrom. |
-
1993
- 1993-12-17 FR FR9315235A patent/FR2714140B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-12-07 SE SE9404251A patent/SE9404251L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-12 GB GB9425010A patent/GB2284819B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-13 IT ITMI942500A patent/IT1271733B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-12-15 BR BR9405112A patent/BR9405112A/en active Search and Examination
- 1994-12-15 NO NO944863A patent/NO944863L/en unknown
- 1994-12-16 FI FI945931A patent/FI945931A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-16 BE BE9401137A patent/BE1009248A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-16 DE DE4445083A patent/DE4445083A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-16 DK DK143794A patent/DK143794A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-16 AU AU81501/94A patent/AU688413B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-16 JP JP6313351A patent/JP2803584B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-16 KR KR1019940034679A patent/KR950018074A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-16 CA CA002138355A patent/CA2138355A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-17 CN CN94119528A patent/CN1114932A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1114932A (en) | 1996-01-17 |
| DE4445083A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| GB2284819A (en) | 1995-06-21 |
| FI945931A0 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
| GB2284819B (en) | 1997-11-19 |
| IT1271733B (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| JPH07276523A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
| DK143794A (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| FI945931A (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| AU688413B2 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
| JP2803584B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
| KR950018074A (en) | 1995-07-22 |
| BE1009248A3 (en) | 1997-01-07 |
| SE9404251A0 (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| GB9425010D0 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
| FR2714140B1 (en) | 1996-01-19 |
| BR9405112A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
| AU8150194A (en) | 1995-06-22 |
| FR2714140A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 |
| NO944863L (en) | 1995-06-19 |
| NO944863D0 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
| SE9404251L (en) | 1995-06-18 |
| ITMI942500A0 (en) | 1994-12-13 |
| SE9404251D0 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| ITMI942500A1 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |