IT202100020678A1 - Digestate enriched with Biochar - Google Patents
Digestate enriched with Biochar Download PDFInfo
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- IT202100020678A1 IT202100020678A1 IT102021000020678A IT202100020678A IT202100020678A1 IT 202100020678 A1 IT202100020678 A1 IT 202100020678A1 IT 102021000020678 A IT102021000020678 A IT 102021000020678A IT 202100020678 A IT202100020678 A IT 202100020678A IT 202100020678 A1 IT202100020678 A1 IT 202100020678A1
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- Prior art keywords
- biochar
- digestate
- volume
- nitrogen fertilizer
- fertilizer according
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012994 industrial processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012712 vegetable carbon Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004108 vegetable carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
Descrizione del brevetto per invenzione industriale dal Titolo: Description of the patent for industrial invention from Title:
FERTILIZZANTE AZOTATO NITROGEN FERTILIZER
a) Campo di applicazione a) Field of application
La presente invenzione trova applicazione nel settore agricolo per favorire la crescita vegetale intervenendo sulla modifica delle caratteristiche del suolo (tessitura, umificazione, micronutrienti, etc.) The present invention finds application in the agricultural sector to promote plant growth by intervening on the modification of the soil characteristics (texture, humification, micronutrients, etc.)
b) Stato della Tecnica b) State of the art
Le preoccupazioni di tutti per lo stato dell?ambiente in cui viviamo hanno portato ad una maggiore attenzione per la riduzione dell?inquinamento e alla salubrit? dei prodotti agricoli che arrivano sulle nostre tavole e alle loro propriet? nutrizionali. The concerns of all for the state of the environment in which we live have led to greater attention to the reduction of pollution and the healthiness of the environment. of agricultural products that arrive on our tables and their properties? nutritional.
Come sostiene l?Istituto superiore per la protezione e la ricerca ambientale (Ispra), circa l?80% dei terreni ha subito negli ultimi decenni una grave diminuzione di sostanza organica con il conseguente impoverimento delle propriet? nutrizionali degli alimenti che mangiamo poich? queste ultime sono strettamente connesse alla qualit? del terreno di coltivazione. As claimed by the Higher Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (Ispra), around 80% of the land has suffered a serious decrease in organic matter in recent decades with the consequent impoverishment of the properties. nutritional information of the foods we eat because? the latter are strictly connected to the quality? of the cultivation land.
DIGESTATO: sottoprodotto (ai sensi dell?articolo 184-bis del decreto legislativo 3 aprile 2006, n. 152) ottenuto in impianti aziendali o interaziendali dalla digestione anaerobica, eventualmente associata anche ad altri trattamenti di tipo fisico-meccanico, di effluenti di allevamento o residui di origine vegetale o residui delle trasformazioni o delle valorizzazioni delle produzioni vegetali effettuate dall?agro-industria, conferiti come sottoprodotti, anche se miscelati fra loro, e utilizzato ai fini agronomici. Con decreto del Ministero delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestali, di concerto con il Ministero dell?ambiente e della tutela del territorio e del mare, sono definite le caratteristiche e le modalit? di impiego del digestato equiparabile, per quanto attiene agli effetti fertilizzanti e all?efficienza di uso, ai concimi di origine chimica, nonch? le modalit? di classificazione delle operazioni di disidratazione, sedimentazione, chiarificazione, centrifugazione ed essiccatura. DIGESTATE: by-product (pursuant to article 184-bis of Legislative Decree No. 152 of 3 April 2006) obtained in company or inter-company plants from anaerobic digestion, possibly also associated with other physical-mechanical treatments, of livestock effluents or residues of vegetable origin or residues from the transformation or enhancement of vegetable production carried out by the agro-industry, delivered as by-products, even if mixed together, and used for agronomic purposes. By decree of the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies, in concert with the Ministry of the Environment and the Protection of the Territory and the Sea, the characteristics and methods are defined. of use of the digestate comparable, as regards the fertilizing effects and efficiency of use, to fertilizers of chemical origin, as well as? the modalities? classification of dehydration, sedimentation, clarification, centrifugation and drying operations.
BIOCHAR (CARBONE VEGETALE) : sottoprodotto della pirolisi (ad alto contenuto di carbonio nell?ordine del 90%) di diversi tipi di biomassa vegetale. Di particolare interesse risulta la sua produzione a partire da residui/sottoprodotti agricoli: potature, stoppie di mais o grano, lolla di riso, mallo di mandorla, fogliame secco, e similari. Tale prodotto deve rispettare le linee guida dell?EBC (European Biochar Certification), che identifica i sottoprodotti da cui ? generato oltre alle metodologie standard. BIOCHAR (VEGETABLE CARBON): by-product of the pyrolysis (with a high carbon content in the order of 90%) of different types of vegetable biomass. Of particular interest is its production starting from agricultural residues/by-products: prunings, corn or wheat stubble, rice husk, almond husk, dry foliage, and the like. This product must comply with the guidelines of the EBC (European Biochar Certification), which identifies the by-products from which it is produced. generated in addition to standard methodologies.
Tra i vantaggi: Among the advantages:
? SEQUESTRA LA CO2: L?anidride carbonica viene accumulata nel terreno invece che essere liberata nell?atmosfera e questo rende il biochar una risorsa molto utile per la mitigazione delle emissioni di CO2 in atmosfera derivanti dall?attivit? umana. ? SEARCHES CO2: Carbon dioxide is accumulated in the ground instead of being released into the atmosphere and this makes biochar a very useful resource for the mitigation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere deriving from farming activities. Human.
? ACCUMULO ACQUA: La sua alta porosit? aumenta la ritenzione idrica e quella degli elementi nutritivi, che in questo modo rimangono pi? a lungo disponibili per le piante. Ovviamente un aumento della capacit? idrica del terreno comporter? una minore necessit? di irrigare le colture. Inoltre, la sua presenza nel terreno impedisce la lisciviazione dovuta alle piogge di nitrati e fosfati, andando a preservare le falde acquifere e la fertilit? stessa del terreno. ? WATER ACCUMULATION: Its high porosity? increases water retention and that of nutrients, which in this way remain longer? long available to plants. Obviously an increase in capacity? ground water will involve? less need? to irrigate crops. Furthermore, its presence in the ground prevents the leaching due to the rains of nitrates and phosphates, going to preserve the aquifers and the fertility of the soil. same as the ground.
Oltre ad evidenze sperimentali relative al Biochar, la storia riporta diversi esempi di utilizzo dello stesso. In addition to experimental evidence relating to Biochar, history reports several examples of its use.
Diversi migliaia di anni fa gli Indios, in alcune aree amazzoniche del Brasile hanno interrato del Biochar come concime, questo ha reso i terreno particolarmente fertili chiamati , venivano comunemente chiamati ?terra preta? che in portoghese significa ?terra nera?. Il terreno amazzonico, infatti, si rivela molto povero di nutrienti e soggetto a lisciviazione, problema che nelle aree di terra preta, viene arginato e stabilizzato quasi completamente anche per millenni. Several thousand years ago the Indios, in some Amazonian areas of Brazil, buried Biochar as a fertilizer, this made the soil particularly fertile called , they were commonly called ?terra preta? which in Portuguese means ?black earth?. The Amazonian soil, in fact, turns out to be very poor in nutrients and subject to leaching, a problem that in the terra preta areas is embanked and stabilized almost completely, even for millennia.
c) Descrizione dell?invenzione c) Description of the invention
Lo scopo dell?invenzione ? quello di risolvere, la perdita di fertilit? dei suoli mediante l?utilizzo del Digestato proveniente da processi di digestione anaerobica degli impianti di biogas-biometano con l?aggiunta di Biochar (Carbone Vegetale). The purpose of the invention? to solve, the loss of fertility? of soils through the use of digestate from anaerobic digestion processes of biogas-biomethane plants with the addition of Biochar (Vegetable Carbon).
c.1) Obiettivi c.1) Objectives
L?invenzione mira in particolare a migliorare le caratteristiche fisiche, chimiche, biologiche e meccaniche, del terreno fornendogli sostanza organica, microrganismi e azoto, fondamentali per crescita e sviluppo delle piante. The invention aims in particular to improve the physical, chemical, biological and mechanical characteristics of the soil by supplying it with organic matter, microorganisms and nitrogen, which are essential for the growth and development of plants.
Tali risultati sono raggiunti tramite l?utilizzo del Digestato con l?aggiunta di Biochar (Carbone Vegetale) che grazie alla sua elevata porosit? andr? a migliorare le caratteristiche fisiche, chimiche, biologiche e meccaniche del digestato, diventando cos? ? una grande fonte di organico e altre sostanze se utilizzato come ammendante per il terreno ad uso agricolo. These results are achieved through the use of the digestate with the addition of Biochar (Vegetable Carbon) which thanks to its high porosity? will I go to improve the physical, chemical, biological and mechanical characteristics of the digestate, thus becoming ? a great source of organic and other substances when used as a soil conditioner for agricultural use.
c.2) Composizioni c.2) Compositions
A titolo esemplificativo si riportano alcune possibili combinazioni del prodotto fertilizzante secondo l?invenzione caratterizzate dalle diverse percentuali di Digestato e Biochar (Carbone Vegetale) By way of example, some possible combinations of the fertilising product according to the invention are shown, characterized by the different percentages of digestate and biochar (vegetable carbon).
Composizione n. 1.a Composition no. 1.a
Biochar 20% Biochar 20%
Digestato 80% digestate 80%
Composizione n. 1.b Composition no. 1.b
Biochar 25% Biochar 25%
Digestato 75% digestate 75%
per ottenere un prodotto che permette alle colture una maggior ritenzione idrica dei micronutrienti, da destinare alla coltivazione di colture ad alto reddito che prevedono o meno l?irrigazione. to obtain a product that allows crops to retain more water from micronutrients, to be used for the cultivation of high-income crops with or without irrigation.
Composizione n. 2.a Composition no. 2.a
Biochar 10% Biochar 10%
Digestato 90% digested 90%
Composizione n. 2.b Composition no. 2.b
Biochar 15% Biochar 15%
Digestato 85% digested 85%
ottenendo cos? un prodotto cos? dall?ampio range di applicabilit? che permette di avere micronutrienti subito disponibili alle colture mantenendo le caratteristiche di umidificazione del terreno. getting cos? a product like this? from the wide range of applicability? which allows to have micronutrients immediately available to the crops while maintaining the humidification characteristics of the soil.
Come si pu? vedere i rapporti percentuali dei vari componenti possono variare le caratteristiche del fertilizzante desiderato. How can you? see the percentage ratios of the various components can vary the characteristics of the desired fertilizer.
c.3) Processo di produzione c.3) Production process
I prodotti (Digestato e Biochar) pesati rispettando le proporzioni delle varie composizioni, vengono inseriti in una vasca di decantazione miscelazioni. The products (Digestate and Biochar) weighed respecting the proportions of the various compositions, are placed in a mixing settling tank.
il composto ottenuto viene lasciato decantare ed agitato ad intervalli regolari, in modo da permettere l?assorbimento da parte del Biochar, dei liquidi, gas e nutrienti. the compound obtained is left to decant and stirred at regular intervals, so as to allow the absorption by the Biochar, of the liquids, gases and nutrients.
Una volta raggiunta la stabilizzazione dell?assorbimento il prodotto sar? considerato pronto per essere usato in agricoltura. Once the stabilization of the absorption has been reached, the product will be? considered ready to be used in agriculture.
Il processo di produzione previsto prevede un periodo minimo di decantazione in vasca di due giorni. L?assorbimento dei nutrienti (decantazione) ? una fase fondamentale per permettere un effettivo arricchimento del terreno, se usassimo il solo biochar avremo un effetto opposto, cio? un impoverimento dello stesso dovuto alla grande capacit? di assorbente del prodotto. The envisaged production process requires a minimum settling period of two days in the tank. The absorption of nutrients (settling) ? a fundamental phase to allow an effective enrichment of the soil, if we use only biochar we will have an opposite effect, that is? an impoverishment of the same due to the large capacity? of product absorbent.
Variando le quantit?, in maniera opportuna, ? possibile ottenere fertilizzanti con delle caratteristiche specifiche diverse in funzione delle caratteristiche del terreno, delle colture e diverse condizioni ambientali. By varying the quantities?, in an appropriate manner, ? It is possible to obtain fertilizers with different specific characteristics according to the characteristics of the soil, crops and different environmental conditions.
d) Conclusioni d) Conclusions
La nostra ricerca parte dalla necessit? di dover valorizzare, il digestato proveniente da processi di digestione anaerobica degli impianti di biogas /biometano. Our research starts from the need? having to valorise the digestate coming from anaerobic digestion processes of biogas/biomethane plants.
Il digestato per questi impianti rappresenta un grosso problema, dati i grandi volumi e i sempre pi? stringenti limiti di spandimento nei terreni limitrofi agli impianti stessi. Il Digestato ? un prodotto dalle grandi potenzialit?, per l?alto contenuto di azoto, sostanza organica, microrganismi, fondamentali per crescita e sviluppo delle piante, viene visto come uno scarto di processo di cui disfarsi. The digestate for these plants represents a big problem, given the large volumes and the increasingly stringent spreading limits in the land adjacent to the plants themselves. The Digestate? a product with great potential, due to the high content of nitrogen, organic matter, microorganisms, essential for the growth and development of plants, is seen as a process waste to be discarded.
L'ottenimento di un prodotto pi? stabile e ottimizzato la commercializzazione su un?area territoriale pi? ampia, riportando alcuni elementi fondamentali nei terreni, permettendo di chiudere un ciclo virtuoso che si era interrotto con l?industrializzazione. Obtaining a product pi? stable and optimized marketing on a larger territorial area? wide, bringing some fundamental elements back into the land, allowing to close a virtuous cycle that was interrupted with industrialization.
Da quanto sopra descritto appare evidente che l?invenzione raggiunge gli scopi prefissati. From what has been described above, it is clear that the invention achieves the intended aims.
Claims (1)
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IT102021000020678A IT202100020678A1 (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Digestate enriched with Biochar |
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2021
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DE102013217080A1 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | Tutech Innovation Gmbh | fertilizer pellet |
DE102014119248A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Franz Aumann | Process for the production of nutrient-rich soils or soil substrates |
US20210061727A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2021-03-04 | Agri-Tech Organic Solutions Limited | A Soil Remediant And Its Method Of Production |
CN109601316A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-12 | 广西大学 | A kind of circular agriculture mode construction method that cane planting is combined with pig-breeding |
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DATABASE WPI Week 201948, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2019-35986E, XP002806203 * |
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