IT202000031985A1 - WIND TURBINE FOR ELECTRICITY, WITH VERTICAL AXIS, DOUBLE TYPE, WITH INTEGRATED LID STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Description

1.1 TITLE

Description of the invention entitled:

?WIND TURBINE FOR ELECTRICITY, WITH VERTICAL AXIS, DOUBLE TYPE, WITH INTEGRATED RETICULAR STRUCTURE?.

1.2 DESCRIPTION

State of art:

There are several models of vertical axis wind power generators, however the most? known are the Savonius (drag) and the Darrieus (lift). These particular geometries allow them to work for any intensity? and wind direction, which does not happen for horizontal axis wind generators.

The Savonius type wind turbines are constituted in their most? simple by two, three or more? semi-cylindrical blades fixed to the vertical mechanical axis of rotation along the edge of the generatrix and mounted one with respect to the other so that the convexity? always keep facing the direction of rotation.

Darrieus wind turbines present many solutions which differ markedly from each other aesthetically, but the principle? substantially the same, i.e. there are blades connected in different ways on a vertical axis rotor, these blades are able to exploit the aerodynamic lift, even if not as efficiently as horizontal axis wind generators with an adjustable profile do, as in the Darrieus the assembly of the blades normally ? fixed type.

In both types of wind turbines, at the base of the vertical rotating pole which supports the turbine, to make it more? efficient energy production, a gearbox is mounted, which alone has a weight that varies from 15 to 25% of the weight of the entire wind generator and is? the major cause of noise during rotation. Furthermore, the multiplier limits the duration and reliability? of the wind generator, increasing management costs since? it needs frequent maintenance and checking.

Both electric wind generators with both Savonius and Darrieus turbines are usually fixed to the ground by means of a large concrete base or with deep steel poles, therefore with very invasive and expensive installations, since some of these machines with only a few tens of kW of power often reach a weight of a few tons. Pi? rarely this same type of wind turbines, but with significantly lower power (2-10 kW), are mounted on the roofs of civil or commercial buildings, although their total weight remains not negligible compared to the buildings, therefore having to face and solve many difficulties technical and safety aspects for their installation.

Solution of the technical problem:

Purpose of the present invention? to provide anyone with a free horizontal roof or a piece of land, or a garden, the possibility? to install with great simplicity, a wind turbine for vertical axis electricity with high efficiency for the production of electricity, without the need for? having to do invasive and expensive civil works for its installation, but simply by placing it on the horizontal roof or on the ground and fixing it with steel tie rods suitable for use, thus being able to potentially, with the use of batteries, make your home independent from the electricity grid. At the same time being the blades with surfaces almost transparent, avr? minimal visual and environmental impact.

Finally, in application of the current European directives, today more and more? stringent in wanting to reduce polluting emissions, for new buildings it is possible to prepare bolted connections of the wind turbine directly to the load-bearing structures of the buildings on the roof of the same, making it even more? simple, easy and quick to install.

Benefits:

The main advantages of the present invention are highlighted hereinafter by describing and illustrating the vertical axis wind turbine for electric energy for the production of electric energy, object of the present disclosure, having characteristics such as to eliminate or reduce the drawbacks of which said above with reference to the prior art. Contextually it will be highlighted? the increase of the effectiveness and efficiency in the production of energy, in particular compared to the reduced weight of the installation in terms of specific power, that is? rated power per unit? of weight W/Kg.

Advantageously, yes? therefore been able to ascertain that the wind generator proposed in this disclosure has unusual peculiar characteristics, since? ? is a dual-type vertical axis mini wind turbine, with integrated lattice structure that provides it with the ability to to be installed

simply placing it on a flat horizontal surface and fixing it with tie rods suitable for use, to the vertical walls of the building or to the ground. Also said aerogenerator ? double type (dual mode) since? can? be installed either as Savonius type (drag) or as Darrieus type (lift), simply by replacing only the drag or lift type blades, which obviously have the same attachments, an operation which is possible even after its complete installation.

The mini wind turbine for electricity, due to its lightness, its low visual impact, the silence of operation, the almost total lack of vibrations, the simplicity? and the safety of the installation, the facility? of transport, its high efficiency in relation to the specific power developed between 10 and 20 W/kg depending on the size and nominal power, will be able to be installed on all flat and horizontal roofs both in areas of large urbanization on civil buildings, and obviously on commercial and industrial structures, without the need? to carry out invasive and expensive civil works.

A further advantage of the present invention ? given by the possibility that said wind turbine can? can also be used with ground installation on truss bases, in a fixed manner, in particular for private homes or industrial sites.

The improvement of the yield of said wind turbine? due both to a large capturing surface of the rotor blades for both configurations, Daerreus and Savonius, and to the possibility? to have a large diameter between the blades. Another of the undisputed advantages of this wind turbine? the lack of a mechanical gearbox, which is notoriously heavy, noisy and requires constant maintenance. The rpm multiplier will be? therefore consists only of two or more? pulleys connected to each other by belts, this to give the characteristics of efficiency, lightness, low maintenance and silence? to the wind generator.

All these characteristics allow for the transfer of greater mechanical energy to the associated electrical energy generator, allowing a substantial increase in the yield of the electrical energy generator. Finally, these advantageous features offer a high efficiency wind turbine, with a low level of vibrations and noise, solid and reliable, with a great simplicity? of installation, which requires little maintenance as its operation? exclusively of the mechanical type, including the safety brake, since? there are no mechanisms that are electrically operated or that require commands from the electronics for the operation of the mini turbine.

Drawing description:

Purpose of the present invention? that of proposing a vertical axis wind turbine for electrical energy having characteristics such as to satisfy the aforementioned need while at the same time obviating the drawbacks said with reference to the prior art.

This object is achieved by a vertical axis wind turbine for electrical energy in accordance with claim 1 and the subsequent ones.

Further characteristics and advantages of the vertical axis wind generator according to the present invention will result from the following description of a preferred embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached figures in which:

Figure 1 shows a global view in perspective 1 of a wind turbine for electricity in accordance with the present invention, in the Savonius-type (drag) version;

- Figure 2 shows a global view in perspective 1 of the same wind turbine for electricity of Fig. 1, in accordance with the present invention but in the Daerreus type version (lift);

- Figure 3 shows a top view of the wind generator of Figure 1, which shows the substantially arched shape of the blade section 18;

- Figure 4 shows a front view of the wind generator of Fig.1, where chosen to represent only two diametrically opposed blades, with the relative arms perpendicular to the direction of view, to allow the clear representation of their conformation, otherwise difficult to understand in an overview;

- Figure 5 shows a top view of the wind generator of Figure 2, with the characteristic shape with an aerodynamic profile 3 of the section of the blades, moreover the three horizontal micro blades 10 placed at 120? between them, for starting the generator;

- Figure 6 shows a front view of the wind generator of Fig.2, which highlights the addition of the drag-type horizontal micro blades 10, on the three levels of horizontal arms;

- Figure 7 shows a detail view of the wind generator of Fig.6, which shows the connections of the micro blades 10 to the horizontal arms, as well as the connections of the horizontal and oblique arms 8, to the circular crowns 13 and to the end blades? 3;

- Figure 8 shows a detail view of the wind generator, which shows a section of the rotating pole with the circular crowns 13 and the reinforcing plates 22 welded thereon, as well as the the support of the bearings 18 which allows the rotation of the pole 2;

- Figure 9 shows a detail view of the wind generator, in which the detail of the connections of the arms 8 of the blades 3 or 4 to the circular crown 13 are highlighted;

- Figure 10 shows an overall view of the upper base of the truss 5 of the wind generator 1, in which the eyebolts 16 and the tie rods 17 for fixing the mini wind turbine are highlighted, the fixing by means of bolts of the upper bearing support 18 on the reticular structure 5, the detail of the fastening of the arms 8 of the blades 3 or 4 to the circular crowns 13 welded on the rotating pole 2.

Description of a preferred embodiment:

Operation:

The wind generator of electricity? vertical axis 1 has a reticular support structure 5 integrated with it, which has square or polygonal bases and a trapezoidal vertical section, made with high-strength L-shaped sections, which are partly welded and partly bolted together. Said reticular structure 5 gives great strength and stability to the wind generator and thanks to which the entire wind generator can? simply be placed on the flat horizontal surfaces of the roofs or on the ground. The wind generator 1, with integrated reticular structure 5, will be? consisting of a number of blades 3 (lift) or 4 (drag) which can vary from a minimum of three to a maximum of eight, depending on the wind zone, even if the one with the best efficiency and therefore the most used? the one with a number of six blades that is well suited to most sites.

The motion transmission in the wind generator takes place by means of a vertical rotating shaft 2 in stainless steel, entirely supported by the reticular structure 5. Said rotating shaft ? equipped with circular crown plates 13 in stainless steel, welded on it and to which the profiles of the long arms 8 which support the blades 3 or 4 are connected. Said circular crown plates 13 are reinforced by vertical steel plates 22, welded on them and on the pole 2. This configuration allows the wind generator to have long arms 8 which connect the blades to the rotating shaft 2. Said arms 8 are made with both horizontal and oblique L-shaped profile bars, forming a X with tie rods and struts, connected on one side directly to the blades 3 or 4 and on the other side to the circular crowns 13 welded on the rotating pole 2. These connections are made by bolting with the interface of a welded triangle 14 in stainless steel, specifically designed for the purpose. Thanks to us? the wind turbine has a large diameter, therefore the energy collected by the blades allows to considerably increase the engine moment even at low speeds? of the wind.

Said rotating shaft 2 ? integrated to said trellis bearing structure 5, by means of bearing supports 18 placed one at the lower base of the trellis structure 5 and the other in the lower part? high (upper base). Said rotating shaft 2 ? also equipped with a disc brake 21 of an exclusively mechanical type acting with centrifugal force, to limit the speed? extreme. In the lower part of that tree? keyed or bolted a large diameter pulley 7 in aluminum, at pi? transmission belts of the type with teeth or trapezoidal, which connect one or more? pulleys 7 of smaller diameter keyed in turn to the shafts of the alternators 6 to which they are joined. Said pulleys therefore determine a transmission ratio which ? between three and eight, chosen according to the wind zone in which ? turbine installed. This type of motion transmission emits very low noise and requires very little maintenance over the years. It is possible to install from one to four alternators 6, each one in a corner of the pylon, all connected by said pulleys 7 and belts to said central pulley 7 fixed on said rotating shaft 2 of the wind turbine. In this way, even with a minimum wind of 2.5 m/s, with a few revolutions per minute of the rotating shaft, the transmission ratio of the pulleys is ? able to run more? quickly the alternator 6 providing cos? useful energy.

In the four upper corners of said reticular structure 5, four stainless steel eyebolts 16 are located, necessary both for lifting the turbine on the roofs and for its definitive fixing by means of tie rods 17 fixed to the vertical walls of the building or to the ground.

The trellis bearing structure 5 rests on five rigid cross-shaped bases 11, which distribute the total weight over a large surface area of the floor, thus reducing the weight. the specific load per square metre. The turbine can? therefore it can be easily installed on flat roofs with the aid of said rigid bases made up of C-shaped plates forming the five cross-shaped support bases 11 on the roof. In the interface between each of the five cross bases 11 and the reticular structure 5, a commercial shock absorber 12 is positioned which also allows the reticular structure 5 to be adjusted in height, so that the rotating shaft 2 is always perfectly vertical. Under the cross-shaped base plates above, shock-absorbing and non-slip rubber mats will be positioned, which together with the shock absorbers 12 placed above them, will allow to absorb even the slightest vibrations that could develop, thus limiting the vibrations. noise at very low levels.

To ensure the stability of the wind generator even in case of strong winds, the reticular structure 5 will be? fixed by means of said four eyebolts 16 mounted in the upper corners with high-strength steel tie rods 17, fixed in turn exclusively to the vertical perimeter walls of the building (without affecting the horizontal roof at any point, thus avoiding any possibility of water infiltration), by means of steel supports and plates, adequately sized for the purpose.

The wind generator 1 is defined as dual type (dual mode) since? both drag blades 4 and wing profile lift blades 3 can be installed on it indifferently, without making any modifications to the support structure as they are therefore interchangeable with each other. Thanks to this feature ? possible to replace each other at regular intervals, for example every six months, to maximize energy production even in the summer months, when? known that the intensity? of the winds decreases and therefore the drag blades with their large surface are better suited to such conditions.

The drag blades (Drag) 4 which work by differential pressure, will have the horizontal section with the particular configuration substantially of an ogive arch 18 or similar, with the internal side (closer to the axis of rotation), which continues inclined and extended for about 1 meter, presenting cos? a large capturing surface, while the vertical longitudinal axis of the blade 19 is parallel to the axis of rotation. Externally these blades are perfectly smooth and due to their conformation they oppose a minimum resistance to the air, while internally there are all the profiles and connections of their supporting structure, therefore presenting themselves with an irregular and rough surface. it helps to stop all the wind that impacts it and the energy contained in it. This 18 blade shape offers minimal drag in the wind while receiving the most energy from the wind. There? allows you to have a consistent value of the useful differential moment, even at low speed? of the wind. The load-bearing structure of the blades will be? made of welded L-shaped aluminum profiles, on which thin-walled and totally transparent polycarbonate 20 sheets will be fixed, such as LEXAN, to minimize the visual impact, especially in urban centres. In the industrial areas it will be? instead it is also possible to use panels of non-transparent composite material, more? light and more high resistance and on which sar? It is possible to paint symbols or advertisements.

The aerodynamic profile blades 3 which work due to the lift effect have an airfoil substantially of the NACA 6412 type or similar, to maximize the effect of the lift at a low speed? of the air. In this configuration the wind generator will have? also mounted mini blades with the ogive arc section 10 on the horizontal arms, only to allow the turbine to start.

The vertical axis wind generator 1 object of this disclosure, will be? produced in three main power classes and therefore with three distinct characteristic dimensions, but obviously with an appropriate scaling factor they can also be produced with much higher or even lower power.

How can you? It can be appreciated from what has been described that the vertical axis wind generator according to the present invention allows the drawbacks to be overcome. referred to in the introductory part of this description with reference to the prior art and to satisfy the green energy needs of individual homes, condominiums or small industries.

Obviously, a technician in the field, in order to satisfy contingent and specific needs, will be able to make numerous modifications and variations to the wind generator according to the invention described above, all however contained within the scope of protection of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims (7)

1.3 CLAIMS 1) Electric power wind turbine (1) with vertical axis, double type, with integrated lattice structure, for horizontal flat surfaces, characterized in that it includes: - a plurality? of large wind-capturing blades, which can all be of the Savouns type (drag) (4) or all of the Darrieus type (lift) (3), being the same wind generator designed for both technologies, therefore double type, interchangeable with each other and chosen according to local wind conditions; - a rotating shaft (2) having the axis of rotation which develops along the vertical direction (axis Z) and always parallel to the vector acceleration of gravity? terrestrial, wherever the wind generator is located. The circular crowns (13) which support the arms (8) of the blades are welded to said rotating shaft, both the supports for the bearings (18) and the main pulley (7) are keyed for the transmission of the rotary motion to the alternators (6 ); - a plurality? of long arms (8) which connect said wind-capturing blades (3 or 4) to said rotating shaft (2), substantially constituted by a reticular structure in metal profiles which develops vertically and mainly made with tie rods and struts forming one or two X overlapping and also closed above and below by the profiles (Fig.4 and Fig.6). Other strut sections (9) connect said long arms (8) to each other to prevent them from flexing when subjected to the force of the wind. - a trellis structure (5) with substantially square or polygonal bases and with a vertical trapezoidal section (planes X-Z and Y-Z), necessary for the support and anchoring of said wind generator (1), on said reticular structure (5) are the supports for the bearings (18) of the rotating pole are also bolted; - from one to four commercial alternators generating electricity (6) with permanent magnets, kinematically coupled to said rotating shaft (2) of the wind generator by means of two pulleys (7), one of which has a large diameter and more? toothed or trapezoidal transmission belts, keyed or bolted on said vertical rotating shaft (2), the others more? small keyed on each of the trees of said alternators, thus determining? a ratio multiplier that can? vary from 3 to 8 times. - five rigid bases (11) substantially in the shape of a cross, which distribute the total weight over a large surface of the attic or ground and on which the reticular structure (5) is fixed; 2) Wind turbine for electricity according to claim 1 characterized in that the Savouns-type drag blades (4) have the horizontal section (18) substantially with the particular configuration of an ogive arch or similar, with the inner side (closer to the axis of rotation) which continues substantially inclined and extended for about 1 meter, thus presenting? a large capturing surface, while the vertical longitudinal axis (19) of said blade ? substantially parallel to the axis of rotation (z). These Savouns type drag blades (4) are externally perfectly smooth and due to their conformation they oppose minimal resistance to advancement in the air, while internally there are all the sections and connections of their supporting structure, which will be? made of welded aluminum profiles. Substantially thin and totally transparent polycarbonate sheets (20), such as LEXAN or similar, with a thin thickness and totally transparent, will be fixed above these profiles to minimize the visual impact, especially in urban centres. With this configuration of the blades, the wind turbine will be able to have a consistent value of the differential moment useful, even with a low speed? of the wind. 3) Wind turbine for electricity according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the blades with an aerodynamic profile of the Darrieus type (lift) (3), which work due to the effect of the aerodynamic lift, have a wing profile substantially of the type NACA 6412 or similar, designed to maximize the effect of lift at low speed? of the wind. In this configuration the wind generator will have? mounted on some of said horizontal arms (8) of the horizontal mini blades (10) with the section substantially of an ogive or similar arch, having the sole purpose of allowing the start-up of the turbine. 4) Wind turbine for electricity according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that four eyebolts (16) or similar hooks are mounted on said lattice structure (5) positioned on the four upper corners of the reticular structure to which four steel tie rods (17) in turn hooked to four steel plates fixed to the walls of the building or to the ground, for fixing and supporting the wind generator (1). 5) Wind turbine for electricity according to all the preceding claims, characterized in that said rotating shaft (2) is equipped with two or three or four substantially circular crown plates (13) in stainless steel, welded on it and reinforced by vertical steel plates (22), welded on them and on the vertical rotating pole. To these circular crowns are connected the extremities? of the sections which form the said long arms (8). The connection of said sections to said circular crowns takes place through the interface of a welded triangle (14) in stainless steel, specifically designed for oblique connections, by means of bolting. 6) Wind turbine for electricity according to all the preceding claims, characterized in that said rotating shaft (2) is integrated to said trellis bearing structure (5), through bearing support structures (18), substantially placed one at the lower base of the trellis structure and the other in the lower part? high (upper base), specially designed for this purpose. Said rotating shaft ? also equipped with an exclusively mechanical safety disc brake (21) acting with the operation of centrifugal force only, to limit the speed? extreme; 7) Wind turbine for electricity according to all the preceding claims characterized by the fact that a commercial shock absorber (12) is positioned in the interface between each of the five cross bases (11) and the reticular structure (5) which also allows height the reticular structure, so that? the rotating shaft (2) is always perfectly vertical and at the same time reduce vibrations and noise during rotation.