WO2013069757A1

WO2013069757A1 - Structure that utilizes hydrodynamic forces

Info

Publication number: WO2013069757A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/079083
Authority: WO
Inventors: 拓樹中村; 博路秋元
Original assignee: Nakamura Takuju
Priority date: 2011-11-11
Filing date: 2012-11-09
Publication date: 2013-05-16
Also published as: JP2015028298A

Abstract

Provided is a structure that utilizes hydrodynamic forces that is capable of responding to wind velocities and flow velocities in a broad design range by means of a simple structure, without needing any adjustments according to wind orientation and flow orientation, and that uses lift-type blades that do not require a crane ship, even for work ranging from delivery to, installation at, and removal from an installation site, for wind turbines and waterwheels on water. A vertical axis wind turbine (100) is provided with an upper strut (40), which extends vertically and is capable of rotating around a vertical shaft, and blades (60) that receive wind power. The blades (60) are in proximity to or separated from the upper strut (40), and the radius of rotation (r) of the blades (60) is adjusted.

Description

Fluid power structure

The present invention relates to a structure using fluid force that can be used for a vertical axis wind turbine, a vertical axis turbine, or the like.

As a wind power generation system, horizontal axis wind turbines are widely used on land. In advanced windmill countries, land that already has stable wind energy on land and is suitable for installation of windmills is becoming scarce, and it is essential to install on the ocean where stable wind power can be obtained and there is a large area However, it has been implemented only by the method of being fixedly installed on the seabed in the same way as the land in the sea area near the shallow coastline to a depth of about 10m.

In the future, further expansion of the offshore installation is expected, so the development of a practical method for installation on the floating body is required.

A windmill receives strong wind power when it converts wind energy into rotational force, which generates a moment that causes the windmill to lie down, but a horizontal axis windmill developed on land has a single horizontal axis supported at a high position in the air. In order to receive wind power at the base, a huge tipping moment is generated at the base of the vertical column. In a horizontal axis wind turbine, a wind turbine that rotates around the top end of the wind turbine column is attached, and the wind turbine needs to constantly change its direction so that the wind turbine faces the wind. It is not possible to stretch the guy wire that supports the column to support the arm. Therefore, it is necessary to fix the pillar of the horizontal axis windmill as firmly as possible to the ground, and it is difficult to rotate the whole pillar to change the direction of the windmill. Even if the turntable is provided at the ground level, the diameter of the turntable Unless it is made extremely large, it cannot support the falling moment of the column. For this reason, normally, the turntable of a horizontal axis windmill is provided just under the nacelle of the upper end of a support | pillar. On the other hand, the functions necessary for horizontal axis wind power generation include equipment that needs to be installed around the rotation of the wind turbine axis, such as a horizontal axis bearing support system, speed increasing gear, generator, brake, blade pitch control device, etc. In order to avoid fluctuations in rotational torque and turntable rotation, it is convenient to install these devices on the windmill side of the turntable. Peripheral devices that include not only all these main devices, but also lubricant systems, control panels, etc. Up to the nacelle in the air. As a result, the center of gravity of the horizontal axis wind turbine is at a very high position. In addition, when the horizontal axis wind turbine is firmly attached to the floating body, the swing centered on the floating body is amplified at the upper end of the support column, and an excessive lateral G is generated, so that the equipment installed in the nacelle can withstand it. And a lubrication system are required.

FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the inclination and the restoring force when a horizontal axis wind turbine is mounted on a floating body as Comparative Example 1.
In general, in order for the floating body to have a restoring force, it is necessary to have the center of gravity at a position lower than the metacenter in the vicinity of the floating body (the intersection of the buoyancy line and the floating body centerline). Since all heavy equipment is in a high position in the air, the center of gravity G is very high and it cannot have a restoring force. That is, when the land-type horizontal axis windmill 200 is fixed and installed on the floating body 201, as shown in FIG. 23, since the center of gravity G is high, if the floating body 201 tilts even a little, the gravity F1 acts on the floating body 201. Since it works outside the buoyancy F2, a force that makes it more inclined acts. In addition, as shown in FIG. 23, a huge and fluctuating tipping moment is received by the wind power F3 received at a high position.
That is, there is a problem that the floating body 201 does not have a restoring force and is not formed as a floating body structure because it receives a huge and fluctuating overturning moment due to the wind force F3.

Also, in the case of such a horizontal axis windmill 200, since all the main equipment is installed at a high place, in reality, it is impossible to climb up to the nacelle for maintenance when it is shaken by waves or wind power even a little. There is a disadvantage that timely inspection and maintenance cannot be performed.

Furthermore, in general, high-altitude cranes are frequently used for installation work and maintenance of the horizontal axis wind turbine 200. However, it is considerably more difficult to use high-altitude cranes at the time of installation or operation than on land. In addition, once a breakdown occurs, it depends on conditions such as mobilization of the crane ship and preparation work such as mooring and ballasting on site, restricted wave height for safety of crane work, etc. The disadvantage is that it takes a much longer time to recover.

In order to solve such a problem, it is necessary to provide all the main devices at a low position on the floating body, and to lower the maintenance work place together with the center of gravity G as much as possible.
In the case of the horizontal axis wind turbine 200, as seen in the example of the land wind turbine, the turntable is installed at the upper end of the wind turbine column 202 unless the necessity of firmly fixing the wind turbine column 202 to the floating body 201 can be excluded. It is necessary to inevitably place all the upstream devices on the nacelle 203 above it, and it is difficult to lower the center of gravity G and the work place.

FIG. 24 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the inclination and the restoring force when a vertical axis wind turbine is mounted on a floating body as Comparative Example 2.
In the case of the vertical axis wind turbine 300 as shown in FIG. 24 with respect to the horizontal axis wind turbine 200 of the comparative example 1, the floating body 301 is provided in the same manner as when all heavy equipment is provided on a normal foundation on land rather than at a high position in the air. Since the center of gravity G and the work place can be considerably lowered, the gravity F1 acting on the center of gravity is inside the buoyant force F2 acting on the floating body and tries to relieve the inclination. Resilience works.

Therefore, as a floating type windmill, the vertical axis windmill 300 has many advantages from the viewpoint of resilience, ease of installation work, safety of maintenance, and the like. Further, the vertical axis wind turbine 300 has an advantage that it is not necessary to change any setting for the wind from any wind direction, and it is not necessary to direct the wind turbine to the wind direction unlike the horizontal axis wind turbine 200.

Among such vertical axis wind turbines 300, the efficiency equivalent to that of the horizontal axis wind turbine 200 is obtained by a wind turbine using a lift type blade represented by the Darrieus type. When passing through the windward side of the vertical axis, the inside visible from the vertical axis functions as the blade upper surface, while when passing through the windward side of the vertical axis, the outside not visible from the vertical axis functions as the blade upper surface. As a result of the fact that the blade pitch is attached in a substantially neutral manner, the self-starting force is poor because there is no pitch adjustment, and the optimum wind speed range is narrow because the pitch is not controlled in response to changes in the wind speed.

Conventionally, as a method of compensating for the drawbacks of the Darrieus type, like a helicopter rotor, the blade makes a round trip around the vertical axis and periodically passes through the windward and leeward sides of the vertical axis. A mechanism for continuously changing the pitch of the blade has been studied. For example, there is a four-bar linkage mechanism called a gyro mill developed by McDonnell Douglas in the 1970s (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

However, such a link mechanism has a complicated structure, and it is difficult to increase the reliability because it is provided at the attachment portion of the blade that rotates at high speed while receiving wind power, and has not been widely used.

In addition, it is expected to improve the performance on the low speed side, such as by improving the start-up characteristics. However, on the high speed side, the pitch adjustment width is simply reduced to almost zero just as in the case without the link mechanism. It is not possible to improve the performance on the side and adapt to excessive wind speed.

Furthermore, a system that detects the wind direction and feeds back to the link mechanism is required, and the advantage of the folding angle of the vertical axis wind turbine 300 that does not require any adjustment to the wind direction is lost.

The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and uses a lift-type blade that can handle wind speed and flow velocity in a wide design range with a simple structure without requiring any adjustment according to the wind direction and flow direction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fluid force utilization structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrodynamic structure that does not require a crane ship in the case of a wind turbine or a water turbine on the ground, even in operations from installation to installation site and installation to removal.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a fluid force utilization structure comprising a rotating shaft that extends along a vertical direction and is rotatable around a vertical axis, and a blade that receives a fluid force. The blade approaches or moves away from the rotating shaft, and the turning radius of the blade is adjusted.

According to the present invention, since the blade approaches or separates from the rotation axis and the rotation radius of the blade can be adjusted, the sweep area of the blade, the effective rotation radius, and the like can be adjusted. Accordingly, it is possible to realize a fluid force utilization structure using a lift-type blade corresponding to wind speed and flow velocity in a wide design range with a simple structure without requiring any adjustment according to the wind direction / flow direction.

In addition, according to the present invention, when the present invention is applied to a wind turbine or a water turbine on the water, by reducing the radius of rotation of the blade, even in the work from loading to installation site of the blade, installation to removal, Does not require a crane ship. This facilitates management work while reducing costs.

Further, it is preferable that the blade is configured to approach or separate in a state substantially parallel to the rotation axis.
In the present invention, “substantially parallel” means that the rotating shaft and the blade are strictly parallel in addition to the state in which the rotating shaft and the blade are completely parallel, due to unavoidable manufacturing errors and the like. Including a slightly inclined state.

According to such a configuration, since the blade has the same turning radius over the entire length of the blade by approaching or separating in a state substantially parallel to the rotation axis, the optimum rotation according to the wind speed / flow velocity is achieved. The entire blade can be adjusted to a position where force (energy) can be obtained, and energy can be recovered efficiently.

Further, according to the present invention, one end is connected to one end side of the rotating shaft via a first hinge so as to be rotatable up and down, and the other end is connected to one end side of the blade via a second hinge. The first support member and one end are connected to the other end side of the rotary shaft via a third hinge so as to be vertically rotatable, and the other end is connected to the other end side of the blade via a fourth hinge. It is preferable to further include a second support member that is configured and an angle adjusting unit that adjusts the angles of the first support member and the second support member with respect to the rotation shaft.

The angle adjusting means is provided on the rotating shaft, and is connected to a moving member that moves up and down along the rotating shaft and one end of the angle adjusting means that is rotatable up and down with respect to the moving member via a fifth hinge. In addition, it is preferable that the other end is constituted by the other end side of the blade, the other end side of the second support member, and a third support member connected to any of the fourth hinges. .
Alternatively, the angle adjusting means has one end attached to any one of the other end side of the blade, the other end side of the second support member, and the fourth hinge, and the blade, the second A support member, a linear member that holds the fourth hinge, and a winding member that is attached to the other end of the linear member and can wind and unwind the linear member. It is preferable to do this.
Alternatively, it is preferable that the angle adjusting means is composed of a driving member that applies a rotational force to one of the first hinge and the third hinge.

According to this configuration, the blade can be easily approached and separated from the rotating shaft.

In addition, it is preferable to further include a suspension member that can lift and suspend the first support member with respect to the rotation shaft, and a guide member that is attached to the rotation shaft and guides the suspension member. .

According to such a configuration, the first support member can be lifted and lowered with respect to the rotating shaft by the suspension member, so that the first support member is suspended and, for example, the blade is attached and detached while lying at the height of the line of sight. Work such as inspection, repair and reassembly. This eliminates the need for an aerial crane, diver, underwater robot, and the like, thus facilitating management work while reducing costs.

The first hinge includes a recess that opens to one end or the other end of the rotating shaft, and a protrusion that is provided on the first support member and engageable with the recess. Is preferred.

According to this configuration, the first hinge has the recess that opens to one end or the other end of the rotation shaft, and the protrusion that is provided in the first support member and can be engaged with the recess. By allowing or releasing the engaged state, one end of the first support member can be easily attached to and detached from the rotation shaft.

Further, the apparatus further comprises moving means for moving the guide member to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and a position where the engagement state of the recess and the protrusion can be maintained. Is preferred.

According to such a configuration, the first hinge has a recess that opens to one end or the other end of the rotation shaft, and a protrusion that is provided on the first support member and can be engaged with the recess. When the first support member is lifted by being able to move the guide member that guides the suspension member to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and a position where the engagement state of the recess and the protrusion can be maintained, The guide member can be moved to a position where the engagement state between the recess and the protrusion can be maintained, and the protrusion from the recess can be prevented from falling off.
On the other hand, when the first support member is suspended, the protrusion can be removed from the recess by moving the guide member to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and pulling the suspension member toward the guide member. The first support member can be suspended. In addition, when lifting the first support member, the protrusion can be engaged with the recess by moving the guide member to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and extending the suspension member toward the first support member. As a result, the first support member can be lifted.

Further, it is preferable that the blade, the first support member, and the second support member are configured to be foldable in the vicinity of the rotation shaft and in parallel with the rotation shaft.

According to such a configuration, the blade, the first support member, and the second support member are configured to be capable of being folded in a state in the vicinity of the rotation shaft and in parallel with the rotation shaft, so that an excessive wind speed / flow velocity is obtained. It can respond suitably. In addition, when the present invention is applied to a windmill or water turbine on the water, it can be folded during transportation work, installation work, removal work, etc. to the installation site. This makes it easy to set up and eliminates the need for on-site crane boat work, thus facilitating management work while reducing costs.

Further, it is preferable to further include a magnet provided on the rotary shaft and for attracting and fixing the blade when the blade is folded.

According to such a configuration, by providing the magnet for attracting and fixing the blade on the rotating shaft, the blade can be attracted and fixed when the blade is folded, so that the blade can be stably fixed and supported. Further, it is possible to prevent damage due to vibration of the blade. Furthermore, if an electromagnet is used as the magnet, the electromagnetic force can be cut off by remote operation when the blade is re-deployed, so that an excessive burden on the blade can be avoided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a fluid force utilization structure that includes a rotating shaft that extends along the vertical direction and is rotatable around the vertical axis, and a blade that receives fluid force. One end of the blade is supported so as to be rotatable up and down with respect to the rotation axis via a first hinge, and the other end of the blade is rotatable up and down with respect to the rotation axis via a second hinge By changing the relative positions of the first hinge and the second hinge, the middle of both ends of the blade approaches or separates from the rotation shaft, and the shape of the blade is deformed. The rotation radius of the blade is adjusted.

According to the present invention, one end of the blade is supported so as to be rotatable up and down with respect to the rotation axis via the first hinge, and the other end of the blade is rotated up and down with respect to the rotation axis via the second hinge. By changing the relative position of the first hinge and the second hinge, the middle of both ends of the blade approaches or separates from the rotation axis, and the shape of the blade is deformed to rotate the blade. Since the radius can be adjusted, the sweep area of the blade, the effective turning radius, the upper angle, the lower angle, and the like can be adjusted. Accordingly, it is possible to realize a fluid force utilization structure using a lift-type blade corresponding to wind speed and flow velocity in a wide design range with a simple structure without requiring any adjustment according to the wind direction / flow direction.

Further, it is preferable to further include a suspension member capable of lifting and lowering the blade with respect to the rotation shaft, and a guide member attached to the rotation shaft and guiding the suspension member.

According to such a configuration, since the blade can be lifted and lowered with respect to the rotating shaft by the suspension member, the blade is suspended, for example, the blade is mounted, removed, inspected, repaired, or relaid while lying at the height of the line of sight. Work such as assembly can be performed. This eliminates the need for an aerial crane, diver, underwater robot, and the like, thus facilitating management work while reducing costs.

Further, it is preferable that the first hinge has a recess opening on one end side of the rotating shaft and a protrusion provided on the blade and engageable with the recess.

According to such a configuration, the first hinge has a recess that opens to one end of the rotating shaft and a protrusion that is provided on the blade and can be engaged with the recess. By releasing, one end of the blade can be easily attached to and detached from the rotating shaft.

And a moving means for moving the guide member to a position where the protruding portion can be removed from the recessed portion and a position where the engaged state of the recessed portion and the protruding portion can be maintained. It is preferable to do this.

According to such a configuration, the first hinge has a recess opening on one end side of the rotating shaft and a protrusion provided on the blade and engageable with the recess, and the guide member guides the suspension member by the moving means. Can be moved to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and a position where the engagement state of the recess and the protrusion can be maintained, so that when the blade is lifted, the engagement state of the recess and the protrusion is maintained. The guide member can be moved to a possible position to prevent the protrusion from dropping out.
On the other hand, when the blade is suspended, the protrusion can be removed from the recess by moving the guide member to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and pulling the suspension member toward the guide member. Can be hung down. When the blade is lifted, the guide member is moved to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess, and the suspension member is extended to the blade side so that the protrusion can be engaged with the recess, and consequently the blade is lifted. Can do.

Further, it is preferable that the rotation shaft is configured to be vertically extendable and one of the first hinge and the second hinge is configured to move up and down according to the expansion and contraction of the rotation shaft.
Or it is further provided with the moving member which is provided in the said rotating shaft, and moves up and down along the said rotating shaft, Either one of the said 1st hinge and the said 2nd hinge is attached to the said moving member, The said moving member It is preferable to be configured to move up and down in accordance with the movement.

According to such a configuration, it is possible to easily adjust the distance between the first hinge and the second hinge.

Further, the expansion / contraction of the rotating shaft is preferably configured to be performed by a hydraulic or hydraulic actuator mechanism in which the rotating shaft becomes a cylinder or a cylinder rod, or a ball screw.
Alternatively, the movement of the moving member is preferably configured to be performed by a hydraulic or hydraulic actuator mechanism in which the rotation shaft is a cylinder or a cylinder rod, or a ball screw.

Further, the blade has a plurality of divided blades divided in the vertical direction, and the divided blades are connected to each other via an intermediate hinge and configured to be bent up and down with the intermediate hinge as a base point. It is preferable to do so.

According to such a configuration, the blade has a plurality of divided blades divided in the vertical direction, and the divided blades are connected to each other via the intermediate hinge and configured to be able to bend up and down with the intermediate hinge as a base point. Therefore, the sweep area, the effective turning radius, the dihedral angle and the dihedral angle can be adjusted without imposing an excessive burden on the blade.

Further, it is preferable to further include a return member provided between the split blade and the intermediate hinge and returning the split blade to a predetermined bending angle.

According to such a configuration, by providing the return member provided between the split blade and the intermediate hinge and returning the split blade to a predetermined bending angle, for example, when the blade is expanded from the folded state, the turning radius is increased. The dividing blade can always bend in the spreading direction. Also, as will be described later, when the blade is divided into a plurality of parts and a plurality of intermediate hinges are provided, a statically indeterminate structure is obtained. According to such a configuration, the divided blade is returned to a predetermined bending angle by the return member. Since the force to generate is generated, the statically indeterminate structure can be eliminated. Furthermore, when a rubber elastic support is used as the return member, the vibration when the shape of the blade is deformed can be damped by the flexibility of the rubber.

The split blade has a first split blade supported at one end through the first hinge so as to be rotatable up and down with respect to the rotation shaft, and an end at the rotation through the second hinge. A second divided blade supported so as to be rotatable up and down with respect to a shaft; and provided between the first divided blade and the second divided blade, and the other end of the first divided blade via the first intermediate hinge And a third divided blade connected to the other end of the second divided blade via the second intermediate hinge, and changing the position of the first hinge with respect to the second hinge And a support member that supports the first intermediate hinge with respect to the rotation shaft and is provided in parallel with the second divided blade, and the rotation shaft and the third divided blade are configured in parallel with each other, in front When changing the position of the second hinge with respect to the first hinge, the second hinge is supported with respect to the rotating shaft and provided in parallel with the first divided blade, and the rotating shaft and The third divided blades are preferably configured to be parallel to each other.

When the blade is divided into three, the first divided blade and the third divided blade are connected by the first intermediate hinge, and the second divided blade and the third divided blade are connected by the second intermediate hinge, the first divided blade, Since four hinges are provided for the second divided blade, the third divided blade, and the four sides of the rotating shaft, an indefinite structure is obtained. In other words, if the position of the first hinge is changed with respect to the second hinge, the first intermediate hinge is positioned outside the second intermediate hinge or positioned inside the second intermediate hinge. . Therefore, the first intermediate hinge is supported with respect to the rotation shaft, and a support member provided in parallel with the second divided blade is provided, and the rotation shaft and the third divided blade are configured in parallel with each other, so that the first It is possible to prevent the position of the intermediate hinge from moving in and out, and it is possible to adjust the sweep area of the blade, the effective turning radius, the upper angle, the lower angle, and the like only by changing the position of the first hinge. That is, it is possible to eliminate the statically indeterminate structure generated by providing four hinges for the four sides of the first divided blade, the second divided blade, the third divided blade, and the rotating shaft.
Incidentally, when the position of the second hinge is changed with respect to the first hinge, the second intermediate hinge is supported with respect to the rotating shaft, and the supporting member is provided in parallel with the first divided blade, and the rotating shaft and the third hinge are provided. Since the split blades are configured in parallel with each other, the position of the second intermediate hinge can be prevented from changing inward and outward.

Further, as the first hinge and the second hinge are separated from each other, the blade approaches the rotating shaft, and the blade is in the vicinity of the rotating shaft and substantially parallel to the rotating shaft. It is preferable to be configured to be foldable.

According to such a configuration, as the first hinge and the second hinge are separated from each other, the blade approaches the rotating shaft, and the blade can be folded in the vicinity of the rotating shaft and substantially parallel to the rotating shaft. By being configured in this way, it is possible to suitably cope with an excessive wind speed / flow velocity. In addition, when the present invention is applied to a windmill or water turbine on the water, it can be folded during transportation work, installation work, removal work, etc. to the installation site. This makes it easy to set up and eliminates the need for on-site crane boat work, thus facilitating management work while reducing costs.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fluid force utilization structure using a lift type blade that can handle wind speed and flow velocity in a wide design range with a simple structure without requiring any adjustment according to wind direction and flow direction. it can.
Moreover, in the case of a wind turbine or a water turbine on the water, it is possible to provide a fluid force utilization structure that does not require a crane ship even in operations from loading to installation site and installation to removal.

(A) is a side view which shows the expansion | deployment state of the vertical axis windmill which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a top view of (a), (c) is a cross section of a water turbine FIG. It is a side view which shows the folding state of the vertical axis windmill which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which expanded and showed the connection part of an assembly and a floating body, (a) has shown the state at the time of erecting, and (b) at the time of inclination, respectively. It is a side view showing a spline nut partly broken. (A) is a side view which shows the engagement state of the braid | blade with respect to an upper support | pillar, (b) is a top view of (a). It is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of removing a braid | blade from an upper support | pillar. (A) is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of removing a braid | blade from an upper support | pillar, (b) is a top view of (a). (A) is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of removing a braid | blade from an upper support | pillar, (b) is a top view of (a). (A) is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of removing a braid | blade from an upper support | pillar, (b) is a top view of (a). It is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of hanging a braid | blade. It is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of hanging a braid | blade. It is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of hanging a braid | blade. It is a side view which shows the expansion | deployment state of the vertical axis windmill which concerns on a modification. (A) is a side view which shows the folding state of the vertical axis windmill which concerns on a modification, (b) is a side view which shows the state which further expanded the vertical axis windmill which concerns on the modification from the state of FIG. . It is the partial expansion side view which shows the vertical axis windmill which concerns on another modification, (a) is the partial expansion side view which shows the expansion | deployment state of a vertical axis windmill, (b) is the folding state of a vertical axis windmill. It is the partial expanded side view shown, (c) is a partial expanded side view which shows the state which expand | deployed the vertical axis windmill further from the state of (a). It is the partial expansion side view which shows the vertical axis windmill which concerns on another modification, (a) is the partial expansion side view which shows the neutral state of a vertical axis windmill, (b) is the folding state of a vertical axis windmill. It is the partial expanded side view shown, (c) is a partial expanded side view which shows the state which expand | deployed the vertical axis windmill further from the state of (a). It is a side view which shows the expansion | deployment state of the vertical axis windmill which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a partial expanded side view which shows the structure of the upper part side of the vertical axis windmill shown in FIG. (A) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 17, and (b) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the lower side of the vertical axis wind turbine shown in FIG. (A) is a side view which shows the folding state of the vertical axis windmill which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, (b) is the state which expand | deployed further the vertical axis windmill which concerns on 2nd Embodiment from the state of FIG. FIG. (A) is a side view which shows the engagement state of the 1st support member with respect to the upper support | pillar which concerns on the modification of 2nd Embodiment. It is a side view which shows the procedure at the time of removing the 1st supporting member from an upper support | pillar. It is the figure which showed typically the relationship between the inclination at the time of mounting a horizontal axis windmill on a floating body as a comparative example 1, and a restoring force. It is the figure which showed typically the relationship between the inclination at the time of mounting a vertical axis windmill on a floating body, and restoring force as the comparative example 2. FIG.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the description, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
In addition, although this embodiment demonstrates the case where the fluid force utilization structure of this invention is applied to the offshore vertical axis windmill, the intended purpose of the fluid force utilization structure is not limited.

<< First Embodiment >>
Fig.1 (a) is a side view which shows the expansion | deployment state of the vertical axis windmill 100 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a top view of (a), (c) is It is sectional drawing of a water wheel. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a folded state of the vertical axis wind turbine 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the connecting portion between the assembly 10 and the floating body 20, wherein (a) shows a state when it is upright and (b) shows a state when it is inclined. FIG. 4 is a side view showing the spline nut 42 partially broken. FIG. 5A is a side view showing an engaged state of the blade 60 with the upper support column 40, and FIG. 5B is a plan view of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1A, a vertical axis wind turbine 100 is a Darrieus type wind turbine that is a kind of a lift type vertical axis wind turbine, and an assembly 10 that extracts energy from the wind and a swingable support of the assembly 10. The floating body 20 is provided.
In addition, as a support structure which supports the assembly 10 to the floating body 20 so that rocking | fluctuation is possible, a pin joint, a universal joint, a spherical surface support, an elastic body support etc. can be considered. Hereinafter, a case where an elastic body support structure is employed will be described as an example.

The assembly 10 includes a column 30, a blade 60, a lifting / lowering means 70 (see FIGS. 6 and 7A), and a Savonius type water wheel 80.

<Support>
The support column 30 includes an upper support column 40, a lower support column 50, and a spherical portion 31 (see FIG. 3) provided in the middle thereof.

<Upper column>
As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 2, the upper support column 40 that is a rotation axis is a cylindrical member that is rotatably connected to the floating body 20 around the vertical axis and supports the blade 60.
An upper bracket 41, a spline nut 42, and a lower bracket 43 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the upper support column 40.

The upper bracket 41 is a member that is provided on the outer periphery on the upper end side of the upper support column 40 and connects an upper blade 61 described later to the upper support column 40. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the upper bracket 41 has three connecting

portions

41a and 41a and three

attachment portions

41b and 41b.

The connecting portion 41a is a plate-like portion fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the upper support column 40 by welding or the like. The connecting portions 41 a are provided at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the upper support column 40. The connecting portion 41 a is provided so as to protrude radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the upper support column 40.

The attachment part 41b is a part to which the upper blade 61 is attached. The attachment portion 41b is composed of a pair of plate-like portions that are open at the upper and lower ends and project outward in the radial direction from the outer ends of the adjacent connecting

portions

41a and 41a and extend substantially in parallel. The attachment part 41b includes a wide part 41b1 closer to the connecting part 41a, a narrow part 41b2 narrower than the wide part 41b1, and a step part 41b3 connecting the wide part 41b1 and the narrow part 41b2. A pair of substantially J-shaped recesses 41b4 and 41b4 are formed in the narrow portion 41b2. The recess 41b4 opens upward, and has a shape that inclines toward the upper support column 40 from the lower side toward the upper side. In addition, you may change suitably the shape of the recessed part 41b4 to a U shape etc., for example.

The spline nut 42 as a moving member is a member configured to be movable in the vertical direction along the upper support column 40 as shown in FIG. A gap 44 is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the spline nut 42 and the outer peripheral surface of the upper support column 40. In the present embodiment, the vertical movement of the spline nut 42 can be controlled by introducing hydraulic oil, water, or the like into the gap 44 or discharging it from the gap 44 and appropriately adjusting the hydraulic pressure or the water pressure.

The lower bracket 43 is a member that is provided on the outer periphery on the lower end side of the upper column 40 via the spline nut 42 and connects the lower blade 62 to the upper column 40. The lower bracket 43 is configured to be movable in the vertical direction according to the vertical movement of the spline nut 42. The lower bracket 43 has a substantially vertical symmetrical shape with the upper bracket 41 and has a hole 43a penetrating in the horizontal direction.

<Lower support>
Returning to FIG. 1C, the lower support 50 is a member that supports the Savonius-type water turbine 80. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the lower support 50 is installed in the opening 20 a provided at the approximate center of the floating body 20 so as to penetrate the floating body 20.

<Spherical part>
The spherical portion 31 is placed on a donut-shaped lower elastic rubber bearing 33 and vulcanized and bonded, and similarly, a donut-shaped upper elastic rubber bearing 34 is mounted on and vulcanized and bonded. Further, the outer end portions of both elastic rubber supports 33 and 34 are vulcanized and bonded to the spherical inner surface 24 a of the support frame 24. The spherical inner surface 24 a is formed in a concentric spherical shape having a common center with the spherical portion 31.

Both

elastic rubber bearings

33 and 34 are members used for, for example, building seismic bearings, and are configured by laminating a rubber plate and a metal plate in the radial direction of the spherical portion 31. Since both

elastic rubber bearings

33 and 34 are flexibly deformed with respect to a shearing force but have a high rigidity with respect to compression, the spherical portion 31 has a vertical movement, a lateral movement and the like. Although firmly constrained by the compression characteristics of the donut-shaped rubber, the rotation about the center of the spherical portion 31 and the spherical inner surface 24a is flexibly supported by the shear deformation characteristics of the donut-shaped rubber. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3B, the assembly 10 can be supported so as to be swingable with respect to the floating body 20.

The support frame 24 is connected to the floating body 20 via the coil spring 21 so as to be flexibly received when the assembly 10 tries to swing beyond the design swing range. The coil spring 21 may be provided as necessary and may be omitted.

Here, with reference to FIG. 3 (a), (b), the structure of the upper support | pillar 40, the lower support | pillar 50, and the spherical part 31 is demonstrated in detail.
The upper support column 40 is integrally coupled to the upper portion of the connecting member 32 at the lower end portion thereof by a taper shank. The lower end side of the connecting member 32 is inserted into the upper end portion of the lower support column 50 and is rotatably connected. Further, the upper end side of the connecting member 32 is formed in a tapered shape having a diameter that decreases toward the upper side, and is inserted into a hole 40 a having a reverse tapered shape formed in the lower end portion of the upper support column 40. The upper end portion 32a of the connecting member 32 is formed with a thread groove, and the lower support 50 is attracted to the upper support 40 via the connecting member 32 by tightening the nut N, and is integrally coupled. Yes. A bearing B is installed at an appropriate position between the connecting member 32 and the lower support column 50, and can be rotated relative to each other. Further, a spherical portion 31 is fitted on the outer side of the upper end portion of the lower support column 50. A bearing B is provided between the spherical portion 31 and the lower support column 50 and can rotate relative to each other. The spherical portion 31 is swingably supported by the support frame 24 via elastic rubber supports 33 and 34. As a result, the upper support column 40, the lower support column 50, and the spherical portion 31 can be rotated relative to each other while being firmly connected in a rigid state in the axial direction, and as shown in FIG. 20 is swingable with respect to 20.

At the upper end of the lower support column 50, a cylindrical part 35 having a cylindrical shape with an upper opening is formed. And between this cylindrical part 35 and the connection member 32 (namely, between the upper support | pillar 40 and the lower support | pillar 50), the gear system 37 and the electric power generating apparatus 38 are installed.

The gear system 37 is composed of, for example, a planetary gear system, and has a function of rotating the upper support column 40 and the lower support column 50 coaxially in the reverse direction. The gear system 37 is disposed between a sun gear 37a engraved around the connecting member 32, a ring gear 37c connected to the cylindrical portion 35 via a ratchet mechanism 37d, and the sun gear 37a and the ring gear 37c. And a plurality of planetary gears 37b. The planetary gear 37b is movably connected to the spherical portion 31 by a carrier (not shown). Thus, for example, when the Savonius-type turbine 80 and the lower support column 50 start to rotate clockwise as viewed from above due to tidal currents, the upper prop 40 and the blade 60 start to rotate counterclockwise as viewed from above by the gear system 37. Will be activated. Thereby, the startability of the blade 60 can be improved.

The gear system 37 also has a function as a speed increasing device for increasing the rotation of the lower support 50 and transmitting it to the upper support 40. For example, by adjusting the gear ratio of the planetary gear system, when the Savonius type water wheel 80 (that is, the ring gear 37c) makes one rotation, the upper support column 40 and the blade 60 (that is, the sun gear 37a) are moved a plurality of times (for example, eight times). Can be set to rotate. Thereby, the design rotational speed of a windmill and the design rotational speed of a water turbine can each be set appropriately according to a wind speed and a flow velocity.

The ratchet mechanism 37d has a function of not transmitting the rotation of the upper support column 40 to the lower support column 50 under a predetermined condition. Specifically, when the Savonius type turbine 80 starts to rotate from a stopped state, the rotation of the Savonius type turbine 80 is transmitted to the ring gear 37c via the ratchet mechanism 37d, and to the sun gear 37a along with the rotation of the ring gear 37c. The connected upper support column 40 and blade 60 start rotating at a speed eight times in the reverse direction to the Savonius type turbine 80. When the upper support column 40 and the blade 60 are rotated at a speed that is eight times or more that of the Savonius type turbine 80 by wind power (that is, the rotational speed after the speed increase of the Savonius type turbine 80), the upper strut 40 and the blade 60 are moved against the ratchet mechanism 37d. The ring gear 37c is idle. Thereby, the rotation of the upper support column 40 and the blade 60 is not transmitted to the Savonius type water turbine 80. Therefore, the Savonius type turbine 80 does not become a load (brake) of the upper support column 40 and the blade 60.

Inside the cylindrical portion 35 and below the gear system 37, a power generator 38 having a rotor 38a and a stator 38b is installed. The rotor 38 a is fixed to the connecting member 32, and the stator 38 b is fixed to the cylindrical portion 35. Thereby, since the rotor 38a and the stator 38b rotate reversely, the electric power generating apparatus 38 can generate electric power efficiently by the differential speed between them.
At this time, a counter torque acts between the rotor 38a and the stator 38b, but the rotor 38a and the stator 38b are respectively fixed to the upper column 40 and the lower column 50 that rotate in reverse, so the counter torque is canceled out. Therefore, the mooring equipment for preventing the rotation of the floating body 20 can be simplified and downsized.

In this embodiment, a ratchet 36 is also provided between the cylindrical portion 35 and the spherical portion 31. Thereby, even when the tidal current has stopped, for example, power can be generated without the lower strut 50 rotating together with the upper strut 40.

<Blade>
Returning to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the blades 60 are lift-type blades that are arranged in the air and receive wind, and three blades 60 are arranged at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the upper support column 40.
The blade 60 has an upper blade 61 whose upper end portion 61a is supported by the upper bracket 41 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction, a lower blade 62 whose lower end portion 62a is supported by the lower bracket 43 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction, and an upper blade. 61 and an intermediate hinge 63 provided between the lower blade 62. In this case, the blade 60 is configured to be bent with the intermediate hinge 63 as a central axis by moving the lower bracket 43 up and down, and the rotation radius r thereof can be changed.

<Upper blade>
The upper blade 61 is a part that is connected to the upper support column 40 via the upper bracket 41 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a horizontal pin 61 b that can be engaged with the recess 41 b 4 of the upper bracket 41 extends in the horizontal direction at the upper end portion 61 a of the upper blade 61 more than the other portions. Provided. The width dimension of the horizontal pin 61b is formed smaller than the width dimension of the wide part 41b1, while being formed larger than the width dimension of the narrow part 41b2. The upper blade 61 rotates in the vertical direction with the horizontal pin 61b as the central axis. The horizontal pin 61b and the recess 41b4 constitute the first hinge H1.

<Lower blade>
As shown in FIG. 4, the lower blade 62 is a portion that is rotatably connected to the upper support column 40 via the lower bracket 43 in the vertical direction. The lower blade 62 has a vertically symmetrical shape with the upper blade 61, and a horizontal pin 62b that can be engaged with the hole 43a of the lower bracket 43 extends in the horizontal direction at the lower end 62a. It is done. The lower blade 62 rotates in the vertical direction about the horizontal pin 62b as a central axis. The horizontal pin 62b and the hole 43a constitute the second hinge H2. In addition, although the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 of this embodiment are formed in the same length, they may be formed in different lengths. In this case, the intermediate hinge 63 is arranged at a position eccentric to the upper side or the lower side from the intermediate part in the length direction of the blade 60.

<Elevation means>
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the lifting / lowering means 70 is a means for lifting and lowering the blade 60 with respect to the upper support column 40, and includes a holding member 71, three

pulleys

72, 72, and three

Halyards

73, 73.

The holding member 71 is a cylindrical member that is inside the upper column 40 and is accommodated so as to be able to protrude and retract from the upper end of the upper column 40. The holding member 71 is configured to be movable in the vertical direction with respect to the upper support column 40 by a hydraulic actuator mechanism (not shown). At the upper end of the holding member 71, a cutout portion 71 a that communicates the inside and outside of the holding member 71 is cut out. The holding member 71 and the hydraulic actuator mechanism correspond to “moving means” in the claims.

The pulley 72 as a guide member is a roller-like member that guides the halyard 73. The pulley 72 is accommodated in the notch 71a of the holding member 71, and is provided to be rotatable around the horizontal axis.

The halyard 73 as a suspension member is a linear member having one end attached to the horizontal pin 61b of the upper blade 61 and the other end attached to a winding device (not shown) installed on the deck of the floating body 20 so as to be able to wind and unwind. It is. The halyard 73 is bent downward by the pulley 72 and inserted into the holding member 71 and the upper support column 40. As shown in FIG. 5, in the state where the blade 60 is lifted from the upper support column 40, tension is applied to the halyard 73 to pull the horizontal pin 61b downward (to the side in contact with the inner surface of the recess 41b4). As a result, it is possible to prevent the horizontal pin 61b from falling off from the recess 41b4.

<Savonius type turbine>
Returning to FIG. 1A, the Savonius type turbine 80 also functions as a ballast for disposing the center of gravity of the assembly 10 below the water surface, and the upper end portion thereof is supported by the lower support column 50. As shown in FIG. 1C, the Savonius type water turbine 80 includes

blades

81 and 81 having a shape obtained by dividing a cylindrical body in the axial direction. The two

blades

81 and 81 are coupled in a shape shifted from each other along the dividing surface. The Savonius-type water turbine 80 rotates when the tidal current passes through the space 81a surrounded by the

blades

81 and 81. The Savonius-type water turbine 80 has such a structure that the

blades

81 and 81 are stacked in two stages in the vertical direction and are shifted by 90 degrees from each other.

In the Savonius type turbine 80, the product of the distance from the center of swing of the support column 30 to the center of gravity of the Savonius type turbine wheel 80 and the underwater mass of the Savonius type turbine wheel 80 is the center of gravity of the upper support 40 and the blade 60 from the center of swing of the support 30. For example, the arrangement, dimensions, mass, and the like are set so as to be larger than the product of the distance up to and the air mass of the upper support column 40 and the blade 60. Thereby, the Savonius type | mold water wheel 80 functions also as a ballast, the gravity center of the assembly 10 is arrange | positioned under the water surface, and a restoring force can be acquired.

<Floating body>
The floating body 20 is a member that floats on the sea surface. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the opening 20a of the floating body 20 is formed in a tapered shape having an inner diameter that increases toward the bottom. A support frame 24 for supporting the support column 30 is installed on the upper portion of the opening 20a. The floating body 20 is connected to an anchor (not shown) by a mooring line 22 (see FIG. 1A). The floating body 20 has a chain stopper 23 for fixing the mooring line 22.

The vertical axis wind turbine 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is basically configured as described above. Next, with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the vertical axis wind turbine 100 The operation of the blade 60 will be described.

First, when hydraulic oil or water is introduced into the gap 44 and the spline nut 42 is moved upward along the upper support column 40, the lower bracket 43 is moved upward (see FIG. 4).

At this time, the lower blade 62 rotates downward with the horizontal pin 62b as the central axis. As the lower blade 62 rotates, the intermediate hinge 63 moves away from the upper support column 40, and the upper blade 61 rotates upward with the horizontal pin 61b as the central axis (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

The blade 60 has a horizontally long shape in which the intermediate hinge 63 projects outward and spreads in the horizontal direction, and the lower angle of the upper blade 61 and the upper angle of the lower blade 62 are reduced.

On the other hand, when the hydraulic oil or water is discharged from the gap 44 and the spline nut 42 is moved downward along the upper support column 40, the lower bracket 43 moves downward (see FIG. 4).

At this time, the lower blade 62 rotates upward with the horizontal pin 62b as the central axis. As the lower blade 62 rotates, the intermediate hinge 63 approaches the upper support column 40, and the upper blade 61 rotates downward about the horizontal pin 61b (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

The blade 60 has a vertically long shape that spreads in the vertical direction, and the lower angle of the upper blade 61 and the upper angle of the lower blade 62 are increased.

Further, when the lower bracket 43 moves to the vicinity of the floating body 20, the blade 60 extends in a straight line and substantially parallel to the upper support column 40 and is folded (see FIG. 2).

That is, as the lower bracket 43 approaches the upper bracket 41, the lower angle of the upper blade 61 and the upper angle of the lower blade 62 gradually increase, while the lower bracket 43 is separated from the upper bracket 41. As a result, the lower angle of the upper blade 61 and the upper angle of the lower blade 62 become gradually smaller.
That is, the shape of the blade 60 can be freely changed by changing the position of the lower bracket 43 with respect to the upper bracket 41.

In this case, when the wind speed is slow, the blade 60 is formed in a vertically long shape, and the lower angle of the upper blade 61 and the upper angle of the lower blade 62 are reduced, so that the lift generated can be efficiently used as the rotational force. Since the rotation radius r is small, the number of rotations can be increased for the wind speed.

On the other hand, when the wind speed is high, the blade 60 is formed in a horizontally long shape, and the lower angle of the upper blade 61 and the upper angle of the lower blade 62 are increased, whereby the wind speed from the side is used as a component that gives the blade 60 an angle of attack. The forward speed required to obtain an ideal angle of attack, that is, the peripheral speed is decreased, and the average rotational radius r is increased, so that the number of rotations required for the peripheral speed is further reduced. Therefore, it is possible to protect by reducing the rotational speed for the wind speed and reducing the centrifugal force applied to the blade 60.

Furthermore, when the wind speed is high (for example, in the case of a typhoon or the like), by folding the blade 60, the three

blades

60, 60 begin to enter the wake of each other, so that the lift force and generated torque are reduced, It will stop naturally.
Note that the optimum wind shape of the blade 60 is also related to the torque characteristics of the power generation device 38, and therefore the shape of the blade 60 is appropriately set in accordance with the specifications of the power generation device 38. For example, when the wind speed is high, if the average rotation radius r is decreased and the number of rotations is rather increased, even a small power generator (generator) 38 can cope with a large amount of power generation.

Next, the case where the vertical axis windmill 100 is installed on the ocean using the anchor handling tag 90 will be described with reference to FIG.

The anchor handling tag 90 functions to tow the vertical axis windmill 100 assembled on the quay and to draw the mooring cable 22 into the floating body 20. The anchor handling tag 90 includes an A frame 91 installed at the stern, a pulley 92 disposed at the upper end of the A frame 91, one end connected to the hull, and the other end connected to the mooring line 22 via the pulley 92. Main winch wire 93.

In this case, first, the anchor handling tag 90 scoops its stern toward the floating body 20 and projects the A frame 91 above the chain stopper 23 of the floating body 20.

Subsequently, the main winch wire 93 is fed out to the sea side through the pulley 92 and the chain stopper 23.
And the main winch wire 93 is connected to the upper end of the mooring line 22 which has floated on the sea surface beforehand by the buoy.

At this time, in this embodiment, since the blade 60 is in a folded state, the anchor handling tag 90 can approach the vertical axis windmill 100 while avoiding interference between the A frame 91 and the blade 60. The operation | work which connects the main winch wire 93 to the upper end of the rope 22 can be performed easily.

Subsequently, the mooring line 22 is gradually drawn to the sea side (chain stopper 23) by the main winch wire 93, and the mooring line 22 is fixed by operating the chain stopper 23 at a position where a desired initial tension is applied to the mooring line 22. To do.

Note that this operation can be performed by the anchor handling tag 90 that does not include the A frame 91, but if the A frame 91 that can be extended outward from the stern is mounted, the work efficiency can be improved.

Next, with reference to FIG. 6 to FIG. 12, an operation of lifting and lowering the blade 60 of the vertical axis wind turbine 100 will be described. First, the lowering work will be described.

First, as shown in FIG. 6, the holding member 71 is moved upward by the hydraulic actuator mechanism, and exposed from the upper end portion of the upper support column 40 to the outside.
At this time, the holding member 71 is moved to a position where the pulley 72, the opening surface of the recess 41b4, and the horizontal pin 61b are on a straight line.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7A, when the halyard 73 is wound up, the upper blade 61 is drawn toward the holding member 71 and the horizontal pin 61b is pulled out from the recess 41b4.
At this time, as shown in FIG. 7B, the upper blade 61 is pulled until the horizontal pin 61b is positioned above the wide portion 41b1.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 8, when the holding member 71 is moved downward by the hydraulic actuator mechanism, the horizontal pin 61b is smaller than the wide portion 41b1 and thus the horizontal pin 61b is wide portion 41b1. Is located below the recess 41b4.
Then, as shown in FIG. 9, when the halyard 73 is extended, the blade 60 is suspended from the upper support column 40.

Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, when the halyard 73 is fed out, the blade 60 bends with the intermediate hinge 63 as a base point and rotates downward with the horizontal pin 62b as a base point.
At this time, the intermediate hinge 63 moves while drawing an arcuate locus (see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 11). The lower blade 62 and the intermediate hinge 63 are placed on the bridge structure D at the height of the line of sight.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12, when the halyard 73 is further extended, the upper blade 61 rotates downward with the intermediate hinge 63 as a base point.
At this time, the horizontal pin 61b of the upper blade 61 moves while drawing an arcuate locus (see a two-dot chain line in FIG. 12). The upper blade 61 is placed on the bridge structure D at the height of the line of sight. As a result, the upper blade 61, the intermediate hinge 63, and the lower blade 62 are arranged on a straight line.
Through the above steps, the operation of lowering the blade 60 is completed.

On the other hand, when the blade 60 is lifted, when the halyard 73 is wound up from the state of FIG. 12, the blade 60 starts to lift from the upper end 61 a of the upper blade 61, and the upper blade 61 rotates upward with the intermediate hinge 63 as a base point. At this time, the horizontal pin 61b of the upper blade 61 moves while drawing an arcuate locus (see a two-dot chain line in FIG. 12).

Subsequently, when the upper blade 61 and the halyard 73 exceed a straight line, the intermediate hinge 63 starts to lift and the lower blade 62 rotates upward with the horizontal pin 62b as a base point.
At this time, the intermediate hinge 63 moves while drawing an arcuate locus (see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 11).

When the halyard 73 is further wound, the upper blade 61, the intermediate hinge 63, and the lower blade 62 are in a state of extending linearly and substantially parallel to the upper support column 40 (see FIG. 10).
Then, the horizontal pin 61b is engaged with the recessed part 41b4 in the reverse order of FIG. 5 thru | or FIG.
Through the above steps, the frying operation of the blade 60 is completed.

According to this embodiment described above, the intermediate hinge 63 of the blade 60 approaches or separates from the upper support column 40 by moving the spline nut 42 up and down and adjusting the distance between the upper bracket 41 and the lower bracket 43. Since the shape of the blade 60 is deformed and the rotation radius r of the blade 60 can be adjusted, the sweep area, the effective rotation radius, the upper angle, the lower angle, and the like of the blade 60 can be adjusted. Thereby, it is possible to realize a fluid force utilization structure using a lift-type blade 60 corresponding to wind speeds in a wide design range with a simple structure without requiring any adjustment according to the wind direction.
In particular, in this embodiment, the blade 60 is composed of two members, an upper blade 61 and a lower blade 62, and an intermediate hinge 63 is provided between the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62, and is bent up and down with the intermediate hinge 63 as a base point. Since it is configured to be possible, the sweep area, the effective turning radius, the dihedral angle, the dihedral angle, and the like can be adjusted without imposing an excessive burden on the blade 60.
Furthermore, by folding the blade 60 in the vicinity of the upper support column 40 and substantially parallel to the upper support column 40, it is possible to appropriately cope with an excessive wind speed.

Further, according to the present embodiment, since the lower bracket 43 moves in accordance with the movement of the spline nut 42, the interval adjustment between the upper bracket 41 and the lower bracket 43 can be easily performed.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the blade 60 is moved by moving the spline nut 42 downward and widening the interval between the upper bracket 41 and the lower bracket 43 (the interval between the first hinge H1 and the second hinge H2). It can be folded in the vicinity of the upper support column 40 and substantially parallel to the upper support column 40. This makes it easy to carry in after the blade 60 has been assembled beforehand on land, so that on-site crane ship work is not required for transporting work to the installation site, installation work, removal work, etc. Management work is facilitated while reducing costs.

Further, according to the present embodiment, by operating the halyard 73, the blade 60 can be lifted and lowered with respect to the upper support column 40, so that the blade 60 is suspended, for example, while lying at the height of the line of sight. Operations such as attachment, removal, inspection, repair, and reassembly of the blade 60 can be performed. This eliminates the need for an aerial crane, diver, underwater robot, and the like, thus facilitating management work while reducing costs.

Further, according to the present embodiment, when the blade 60 is lifted with respect to the upper support column 40, the pulley 72 is moved to a position where the engaged state of the recess 41b4 and the horizontal pin 61b can be maintained, and the halyard 73 is wound up. Thus, by applying tension to the halyard 73 to pull the horizontal pin 61b downward, it is possible to prevent the horizontal pin 61b from falling off the recess 41b4.
On the other hand, when the blade 60 is suspended from the upper support column 40, the pulley 72 is moved to a position where the horizontal pin 61 b can be removed from the recess 41 b 4 and the halyard 73 is wound up, whereby the horizontal pin 61 b is removed from the recess 41 b 4. The blade 60 can be hung down.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described in detail with reference to drawings, this invention is not limited to this, In the range which does not deviate from the main point of invention, it can change suitably.

In this embodiment, the case where the hydrodynamic structure of the present invention is applied to an offshore vertical axis wind turbine has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and wind power generation is possible regardless of whether on land or offshore. It can be used for vertical axis wind turbines and turbines such as wind pumping, hydroelectric power generation, hydropower pumping, and wind propulsion boats, and all systems that use them.
In this case, for example, when the fluid force utilization structure of the present invention is applied to a water turbine, the lower end of the blade 60 is supported by the first hinge H1 so as to be vertically rotatable, and the upper end of the blade 60 is supported by the second hinge H2. Is configured to be rotatably supported in the vertical direction. That is, the vertical positions of the first hinge H1 and the second hinge H2 may be changed as appropriate.

In the present embodiment, the blade 60 has the intermediate hinge 63 and is bent with the intermediate hinge 63 as the central axis so that the rotation radius r can be changed. However, the intermediate hinge 63 is omitted, and the blade 60 may be configured to be flexible, and the entire blade 60 may be bent so that the radius of rotation r can be changed.

Further, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet as a magnet may be installed at an appropriate position of the upper support column 40. In this case, a steel intermediate hinge 63 is used. In this way, when the blade 60 is folded, the blade 60 can be sucked and fixed via the intermediate hinge 63, so that the blade 60 can be stably fixed and supported. Further, damage due to vibration of the blade 60 can be prevented. Further, in the case of an electromagnet, when the blade 60 is re-deployed, the electromagnetic force can be cut off by remote operation, so that an excessive burden on the blade 60 can be avoided.
When the intermediate hinge 63 is omitted and the blade 60 has a flexible configuration, the blade 60 is sucked and fixed using the steel blade 60, or the surface of the aluminum or resin blade 60 is used, for example. Alternatively, a steel plate may be installed (attached) to the blade 60 to be fixed by suction.

Further, in the present embodiment, the mounting portion 41b has the wide portion 41b1, and the horizontal pin 61b passes through the wide portion 41b1 when the blade 60 is lifted and lowered, but from the state shown in FIG. The holding member 71 may be moved further upward so that the upper blade 61 (horizontal pin 61b) passes outside the mounting portion 41b. In this case, the wide portion 41b1 of the attachment portion 41b may be omitted.

In the present embodiment, the pair of plate-like portions constituting the attachment portion 41b are not connected at the end portion on the narrow portion 41b2 side, but the attachment portion 41b is provided at the end portion on the narrow portion 41b2 side. It is good also as a structure which connects a pair of plate-shaped part to comprise. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the width of the recess 41b4 from expanding due to the bending of the upper bracket 41.

In this embodiment, the lower bracket 43 is moved according to the movement of the spline nut 42. However, the upper bracket 41 may be moved according to the movement of the spline nut 42.

In this embodiment, the spline nut 42 is configured to move up and down by a hydraulic or hydraulic actuator mechanism, but may be configured to move up and down by a ball screw.

Further, in this embodiment, in order to transmit the lift generated in the blade 60 to the upper support column 40 as a rotational force, it is preferable to hold it so that it can move up and down with respect to the upper support column 40 but cannot rotate. Although the spline nut 42 is used, the function of transmitting the lift generated in the blade 60 to the upper column 40 is assumed to be performed only by the upper bracket 41, and the spline nut 42 may not be used. That is, the spline mechanism that holds the upper support column 40 so as not to rotate may be omitted.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the plurality of blades 60 are suspended at the same time. However, the halyards 73 may be operated one by one and the blades 60 may be suspended one by one.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the blade 60 is placed on the bridge structure D connected to the floating body 20. For example, a work ship or a trolley moored to the floating body 20 is used. The blade 60 may be placed on the surface.

Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the blade 60 is divided into the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62, but the present invention is not limited to this and may be changed as appropriate. . For example, the upper end of the lower blade 62 is positioned above the first hinge H1, and the upper blade 61 is omitted, and a support member (not a wing shape) that supports the lower blade 62 with respect to the upper support column 40 is provided. Also good. In this case, one end of the support member is connected to the upper support column 40 via the first hinge H1 so as to be rotatable up and down, and the other end is connected to the lower blade 62 via the hinge (not shown) so as to be rotatable up and down. Is done. Further, for example, the upper blade 61 may be replaced with a linear member such as halyard.

Further, the number of divided blades 60 and the number of intermediate hinges 63 may be changed as appropriate. For example, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the structures of the upper support column 40 and the blade 60 may be changed.
FIG. 13 is a side view showing a developed state of the vertical axis wind turbine 110 according to the modification. FIG. 14A is a side view showing a folded state of the vertical axis windmill 110 according to the modification, and FIG. 14B is a state in which the vertical axis windmill 110 according to the modification is further expanded from the state of FIG. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 13, the upper support column 40 includes a cylinder 45 that uses a part of the upper support column 40 and a cylinder rod 46 that can expand and contract in the vertical direction with respect to the cylinder 45.

A lower bracket 43 is provided on the outer periphery on the lower end side of the cylinder 45, and an intermediate bracket 47 is provided on the outer periphery on the upper end side. The middle bracket 47 has the same shape as the lower bracket 43 and has a hole 47a penetrating in the horizontal direction. An upper bracket 41 is provided on the outer periphery on the upper end side of the cylinder rod 46. The upper bracket 41 is configured to be movable up and down in accordance with the vertical movement (extension / contraction) of the cylinder rod 46.

The blade 60 is different from the above embodiment in that a middle blade 64 is provided between the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62. The middle blade 64 is connected to the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 via

intermediate hinges

63a and 63b, respectively.
In this case, in the blade 60, the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 are bent with the

intermediate hinges

63a and 63b as the center axes by extending and retracting the cylinder rod 46 and moving the upper bracket 41 up and down, and the rotation radius r is changed. Configured to be possible.

A rod 65 is provided between the middle bracket 47 and the intermediate hinge 63a. The rod 65 supports the intermediate hinge 63 a with respect to the upper support column 40 and is provided in parallel with the lower blade 62. A horizontal pin 65 b that can be engaged with the hole 47 a of the middle bracket 47 is provided at the lower end portion 65 a of the rod 65 so as to extend in the horizontal direction from other portions. The rod 65 rotates in the vertical direction with the horizontal pin 65b as the central axis. The horizontal pin 65b and the hole 47a constitute the third hinge H3. The upper blade 61, the lower blade 62, and the rod 65 are formed to have the same length. For example, a wire or the like may be used instead of the rod 65, or a blade similar to the lower blade 62 may be used.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 14A, in the state where the cylinder rod 46 is most extended, the blade 60 is in a state of extending linearly and substantially parallel to the upper support column 40 and being folded. Become.

From this state, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14B, when the cylinder rod 46 is contracted, the middle blade 64 projects outward while maintaining a state parallel to the upper support column 40. Further, the lower blade 62 and the rod 65 also rotate downward while maintaining a parallel state.
In other words, the shape of the blade 60 changes while the middle blade 64, the upper support column 40, the lower blade 62, and the rod 65 retain the parallelogram.

As shown in FIG. 14B, when the cylinder rod 46 is in the most contracted state, the upper blade 61, the lower blade 62, and the rod 65 are substantially horizontal, while the middle blade 64 is vertical and has a turning radius. r is maximized. Incidentally, in this state, it is possible to lower the center of the wind force to suppress the overturning moment and to lower the blade 60 near the water surface where the wind speed is low.

Here, when the blade 60 is divided into three, the upper blade 61 and the middle blade 64 are connected by the intermediate hinge 63a, and the lower blade 62 and the middle blade 64 are connected by the intermediate hinge 63b, the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 are connected. Since the four hinges H1, H2, 63a, and 63b are provided on the four sides of the middle blade 64 and the upper support column 40, the static blade structure is obtained.

In other words, if the position of the upper bracket 41 (first hinge H1) is changed with respect to the lower bracket 43 (second hinge H2), the intermediate hinge 63a is positioned outside the intermediate hinge 63b, or more than the intermediate hinge 63b. Will also be located inside.

Therefore, as in this modification, the intermediate hinge 63a is supported with respect to the upper column 40, and the rod 65 is provided in parallel with the lower blade 62, and the upper column 40 and the middle blade 64 are configured in parallel to each other. Thus, the position of the intermediate hinge 63a can be prevented from fluctuating in and out, and the adjustment of the sweep area, the effective turning radius, the upper angle, the lower angle, and the like of the blade 60 can be adjusted by simply changing the position of the upper bracket 41. Can be done.
That is, it is possible to eliminate the indefinite structure generated by providing the four hinges H1, H2, 63a, and 63b for the four sides of the upper blade 61, the lower blade 62, the middle blade 64, and the upper support column 40.

Incidentally, as shown in FIGS. 15A to 15C, the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 are connected by a link mechanism 66, and the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 are always bent at substantially the same angle by the link mechanism 66. You may comprise as follows. In this manner, even when the blade 60 is divided into a plurality of parts and a plurality of

intermediate hinges

63a and 63b are provided as described above, the statically indeterminate structure can be eliminated and the rod 65 can be omitted.

In this case, the middle blade 64 has a hollow shape, and a link mechanism 66 is disposed therein. The link mechanism 66 is configured by, for example, a push-pull rod, and upper and lower end portions thereof are rotatably attached to pivots P1 and P2 of the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62, respectively.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 16A to 16C, when the predetermined bending angle is set to the neutral state (original position) of the upper blade 61 and bent to other angles, the upper blade 61 returns to the neutral state. You may comprise.
FIG. 16 is a partially enlarged side view showing a vertical axis wind turbine 110 according to another modification, (a) is a partially enlarged side view showing a neutral state of the vertical axis wind turbine 110, and (b). FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged side view showing a folded state of the vertical axis wind turbine 110, and FIG. 4C is a partially enlarged side view showing a state in which the vertical axis wind turbine 110 is further expanded from the state of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 16A, elastic rubber supports 67a to 67d are provided between the upper blade 61 and the intermediate hinge 63a and between the intermediate blade 64 and the intermediate hinge 63a, respectively. The elastic rubber supports 67a to 67d as return members are the same members as the elastic rubber supports 33 and 34 described above, and are configured by laminating a rubber plate and a metal plate in the radial direction of the intermediate hinge 63a. The elastic rubber bearings 67a to 67d have a characteristic that they are flexibly deformed against a shearing force but are highly rigid against compression.

The upper blade 61 is firmly restrained by the compression characteristics of the elastic rubber bearings 67a-67d in terms of vertical movement, left-right movement, etc., but with respect to rotation about the center of the intermediate hinge 63a, the elastic rubber bearings 67a-67d Flexible support by shear deformation characteristics.
Further, the upper blade 61 is set to have a predetermined bending angle shown in FIG. 16A in a state where the elastic rubber supports 67a to 67d are not expanded and contracted.

In this case, as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, when the blade 60 is unfolded from the folded state, the upper blade 61 extends in the direction in which the rotation radius r (see FIG. 13) is expanded by the elastic rubber bearings 67a to 67d. Will always bend. That is, since the upper blade 61 is assisted by the restoring force (elastic force) of the elastic rubber bearings 67a to 67d so as to bend in the direction in which the rotation radius r increases, the blade 60 is reliably guided from the folded state to the expanded state. Can do.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (c), when the blade 60 is further expanded and returned to the state shown in FIG. 16 (a), the radius of rotation r is narrowed by the elastic rubber bearings 67a-67d. The upper blade 61 is easily bent. That is, since the upper blade 61 is assisted by the restoring force of the elastic rubber bearings 67a-67d so as to bend in the direction in which the rotation radius r is narrowed, the upper blade 61 is easily returned to the original position.

The structure of this modification is also applied between the lower blade 62 and the intermediate hinge 63b and between the intermediate blade 64 and the intermediate hinge 63b (see FIG. 13). Although illustration is omitted, even if a tensile force is applied between the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62, the hinge shafts of the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 are prevented so that the

intermediate hinges

63a and 63b do not extend. The position is fixed.

It should be noted that the structure of this modification may be applied between the upper blade 61 and the intermediate hinge 63 and between the lower blade 62 and the intermediate hinge 63 described above (see FIG. 1). A coil spring or the like may be used instead of the elastic rubber bearings 67a to 67d.

According to this modification described above, when the blade 60 is unfolded from the folded state, the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 can always bend in the direction in which the rotation radius r increases.
Further, as described above, when the blade 60 is divided into a plurality of parts and a plurality of

intermediate hinges

63a and 63b are provided, the structure is indefinite. However, according to this modification, the elastic rubber bearings 67a to 67d Since a force for returning the upper blade 61 and the lower blade 62 to a predetermined bending angle is generated, the statically indefinite structure can be eliminated.
In particular, when the elastic rubber bearings 67a to 67d are used, the vibration when the shape of the blade 60 is deformed can be damped by the flexibility of the rubber.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, a vertical axis wind turbine according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 20. In the description, points different from the first embodiment will be described in detail, and the same elements as those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and redundant description will be omitted. To do.
In the drawings to be referred to, FIG. 17 is a side view showing a developed state of the vertical axis wind turbine 120 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 18 is a partially enlarged side view showing the configuration of the upper side of the vertical axis wind turbine 120 shown in FIG. 19A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 17, and FIG. 19B is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the lower side of the vertical axis wind turbine 120 shown in FIG. FIG. 20A is a side view showing the folded state of the vertical axis windmill 120 according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 20B shows the vertical axis windmill 120 according to the second embodiment from the state shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows the state which expand | deployed further. For convenience of explanation, FIGS. 18 and 20 show only a pair of opposed blades 60 among the four blades 60, and in FIGS. 18 to 20B, the lower support 50 is omitted. ing.

This embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in that the blade 60 approaches and separates in a state parallel to the upper support column 40 and the rotation radius r of the blade 60 is adjusted.

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the upper support column 40 serving as the rotation shaft is a cylindrical member that is coupled to the floating body 20 so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis.
As shown in FIG. 18, the upper support column 40 is provided with an upper bracket 48a, a lower bracket 48b, and an intermediate bracket 48c.

The upper bracket 48a is a member that is provided at the upper end of the upper support column 40 and connects the blade 60 to the upper support column 40 via a first support member 68a described later. The upper bracket 48a includes a cylindrical holding portion 48a1 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the upper support column 40, and a substantially rectangular plate in plan view that is fixed to the upper end of the holding portion 48a1 and extends radially outward from the holding portion 48a1. And a support portion 48a2 made of a member.

The lower bracket 48b is a member that is provided at the lower end of the upper support column 40 and connects the blade 60 to the upper support column 40 via a second support member 68b described later. The lower bracket 48b includes a cylindrical holding portion 48b1 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the upper support column 40, and a substantially rectangular plate in plan view that is fixed to the lower end of the holding portion 48b1 and extends radially outward from the holding portion 48b1. And a support portion 48b2 made of a member.

The middle bracket (moving member) 48c constituting a part of the angle adjusting means is a member disposed between the upper bracket 48a and the lower bracket 48b, and is configured to be movable in the vertical direction along the upper support column 40. It is a member. The middle bracket 48c includes a cylindrical holding portion 48c1 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the upper support column 40, and a substantially rectangular plate in plan view that is fixed to the lower end of the holding portion 48c1 and extends radially outward from the holding portion 48c1. And a support portion 48c2 made of a member. A hole (not shown) through which the upper support column 40 is inserted is formed in the center of the support portion 48c2 so as to penetrate vertically.

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 19A, the blade 60 is a lift type blade that is arranged in the air and receives wind in a cross-sectional view, and is spaced equiangularly in the circumferential direction of the upper support column 40. Four are arranged. As shown in FIG. 18, each blade 60 is connected to the upper support column 40 in a state of being able to approach and separate via a first support member 68a-third support member 68c. The number of blades 60 may be changed as appropriate.

The first support member 68a is a hollow cylindrical member that supports the blade 60 with respect to the upper bracket 48a. The first support members 68a are provided at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the upper bracket 48a. One end of the first support member 68a is attached to the upper bracket 48a via the first hinge H1 ′ so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction, and the other end is vertically moved with respect to the blade 60 via the second hinge H2 ′. It is mounted so as to be rotatable in the direction. The first support member 68a is configured to rotate in the range of 0 (zero) degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the horizontal axis.

The second support member 68b is a member that supports the blade 60 with respect to the lower bracket 48b. The second support member 68b of the present embodiment is configured with the same cross-sectional shape and material as the blade 60, and also functions as a blade that receives wind power. The second support members 68b are provided at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the lower bracket 48b. One end of the second support member 68b is rotatably attached to the lower bracket 48b via the third hinge H3 ′, and the other end is attached to the lower end of the blade 60 via the fourth hinge H4 ′. On the other hand, it is attached to be rotatable in the vertical direction. The second support member 68b is configured to rotate in the range of 0 (zero) degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the horizontal axis. The second support member 68b is formed to have the same length as the first support member 68a. Thereby, the blade 60 can be moved toward and away from the upper support column 40 in a parallel state.

The third support member 68c that constitutes a part of the angle adjusting means is a hollow cylindrical member that supports the blade 60 with respect to the middle bracket 48c. The third support members 68c are provided at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the middle bracket 48c. One end of the third support member 68c is attached to the middle bracket 48c via the fifth hinge H5 'so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction, and the other end is attached to the fourth hinge H4'. The other end portion of the third support member 68c may be attached to the lower end side of the blade 60 or the other end portion side of the second support member 68b.

In the present embodiment, by moving the middle bracket 48c up and down, the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b rotate around the first hinge H1 ′ and the third hinge H3 ′ as the central axes, and this rotation operation is performed. When the blade 60 approaches or separates in parallel with the upper support column 40 in conjunction with each other, the rotation radius r of the blade 60 is configured to be deformable.

As shown in FIG. 19 (b), a tapered portion 82 is formed on the upper part of the Savonius type water turbine 80 so as to be inclined upward as it goes from the radially inner side to the outer side.

At the lower edge of the opening 20a of the floating body 20, a streamlined tapered portion 20b is formed that is inclined so as to be positioned upward from the inner side toward the outer side in the radial direction. The tapered portion 20 b is formed in a shape corresponding to the tapered portion 82 of the Savonius type water turbine 80. In this case, when the assembly 10 swings with respect to the floating body 20, the Savonius type turbine 80 swings while the tapered portion 82 slides on the tapered portion 20 b of the floating body 20. It is possible to suppress the generation of a gap. Thereby, for example, it can suppress that drifting objects, such as a rope, get entangled with the lower support | pillar 50 grade | etc.,. Further, by forming the tapered portion 20 b in a streamline shape, fluid such as seawater can be smoothly flowed into the Savonius type water turbine 80.

In the present embodiment, an annular speed increasing member 25 is provided on the top of the floating body 20 so as to surround the periphery of the opening 20a. As shown in FIG. 17, the speed increasing member 25 is disposed below the blade 60, and the upper portion of the speed increasing member 25 has a tapered shape that inclines so as to be positioned upward from the radially outer side toward the inner side. It is formed. As a result, the wind flowing through the speed increasing member 25 is increased while being increased and then hits the second support member 68b, so that the rotation of the second support member 68b can be improved.

The vertical axis wind turbine 120 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is basically configured as described above. Next, refer to FIGS. 18, 20A, and 20B. The operation of the blade 60 of the vertical axis wind turbine 120 will be described.

First, when the middle bracket 48c is moved upward along the upper support column 40 from the state shown in FIG. 18, the third support member 68c is moved upward (see FIGS. 18 and 20A).

At this time, the first support member 68a rotates upward with the first hinge H1 'as the central axis, and the second support member 68b rotates upward with the third hinge H3' as the central axis. Further, as the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b rotate, the blade 60 approaches the upper support column 40 in a parallel state, and the rotation radius r of the blade 60 becomes smaller (FIGS. 18 and 20). (See (a)).

Further, when the middle bracket 48c is moved to the vicinity of the upper bracket 48a, the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b are linearly extended in parallel with the upper support column 40, and the blade 60 is folded. It becomes. At this time, the blade 60 is placed on the upper part of the second support member 68b, and the blade 60 and the second support member 68b overlap each other in the vertical direction.

On the other hand, when the middle bracket 48c is moved downward along the upper support column 40 from the state shown in FIG. 18, the third support member 68c moves downward (see FIGS. 18 and 20B).

At this time, the first support member 68a rotates downward with the first hinge H1 'as the central axis, and the second support member 68b rotates downward with the third hinge H3' as the central axis. Further, with the rotation of the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b, the blade 60 is separated in a state parallel to the upper support column 40, and the rotation radius r of the blade 60 is increased (FIGS. 18 and 20). (See (a)).

That is, by changing the position of the middle bracket 48c with respect to the upper support column 40, the rotation radius r of the blade 60 can be freely changed.
It should be noted that whether the rotation radius r of the blade 60 is optimum for the wind is also related to the torque characteristics of the power generation device 38, and therefore the rotation radius r of the blade 60 is appropriately set according to the specifications of the power generation device 38. To do.

According to the present embodiment described above, the blade 60 is parallel to the upper support column 40 by moving the middle bracket 48c up and down and adjusting the angles of the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b. Since the rotation radius r of the blade 60 can be adjusted by approaching or separating, the sweep area of the blade 60, the effective rotation radius, and the like can be adjusted. Thereby, it is possible to realize a fluid force utilization structure using a lift-type blade 60 corresponding to wind speeds in a wide design range with a simple structure without requiring any adjustment according to the wind direction.
In particular, according to the present embodiment, the blade 60 approaches or separates in parallel with the upper support column 40, so that the blade 60 has the same turning radius r over the entire length of the blade 60. Thus, the entire blade 60 can be adjusted to a position where an optimum rotational force (energy) can be obtained, and energy can be recovered efficiently.
Further, by folding the blade 60 in the vicinity of the upper support column 40 and parallel to the upper support column 40, it is possible to cope with an excessive wind speed.

Further, according to the present embodiment, since the blade 60 approaches and separates according to the movement of the middle bracket 48c, the blade 60 can be easily approached and separated from the upper support column 40.

Further, according to the present embodiment, by moving the middle bracket 48c upward, the blade 60, the first support member 68a, and the second support member 68b are located in the vicinity of the upper support column 40 with respect to the upper support column 40. Can be folded in parallel. This makes it easy to carry in after the blade 60 has been assembled beforehand on land, so that on-site crane ship work is not required for transporting work to the installation site, installation work, removal work, etc. Management work is facilitated while reducing costs.

In the present embodiment, the angle of the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b is adjusted by the middle bracket 48c and the third support member 68c, and the blade 60 approaches and separates from the upper support column 40. The present invention is not limited to this. For example, the angle of the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b is adjusted by a linear member such as a wire and a winding member that can wind and unwind the linear member, The blade 60 may be configured to approach and separate. In this case, one end of the linear member is attached to any one of the lower end side of the blade 60, the other end side of the second support member 68b, and the fourth hinge H4 ′, and the other end is a deck of the floating body 20 It is attached to the winding member installed in the. The linear member is bent downward by the pulley and inserted into the upper support column 40.

Furthermore, the angle of the first support member 68a and the second support member 68b may be adjusted by a drive member such as a hydraulic motor so that the blade 60 approaches and separates from the upper support column 40. In this case, the output shaft of the drive member is attached to one or both of the first hinge H1 'and the third hinge H3' and applies a rotational force. Note that the rotational force of the drive member may be applied to the first hinge H1 'or the like via a gear.

In the present embodiment, the blade 60 is brought close to and away from the upper support column 40 in a state where the upper support column 40 and the blade 60 are completely parallel. For this reason, a configuration is also included in which the blade 60 approaches and separates from the upper column 40 in a state where the upper column 40 and the blade 60 are not strictly parallel but are slightly inclined.

In addition, the second support member 68b of the present embodiment is configured with the same cross-sectional shape and material as the blade 60 and functions as a blade that receives wind force, but the present invention is not limited to this, The blade 60 is configured with a different cross-sectional shape and material, and may not function as a blade. For example, the second support member 68b may be configured with the same shape and material as the first support member 68a.

Further, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet as a magnet may be installed at a proper position of the upper support column 40. In this case, the blade 60 is sucked and fixed using the steel blade 60, or the blade 60 is sucked and fixed by placing (sticking) a steel plate on the surface of the aluminum or resin blade 60, for example. May be.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the first support member 68a may be lifted and lowered with respect to the upper support column 40 using the lifting / lowering means 70 as in the first embodiment.
FIG. 21 is a side view showing an engagement state of the first support member 68a with the upper support column 40 according to a modification of the second embodiment. FIG. 22 is a side view showing a procedure for removing the first support member 68a from the upper support column 40. FIG.

The upper bracket 48a is formed in a shape substantially similar to that of the upper bracket 41 of the first embodiment, and a pair of substantially U-shaped concave portions 48a3 and 48a3 are formed. The recess 48a3 opens upward, and has a shape that inclines toward the upper support column 40 (rotation center axis) from the lower side toward the upper side. At one end of the first support member 68a, a horizontal pin 68a1 that can be engaged with the recess 48a3 of the upper bracket 48a is provided so as to extend in the horizontal direction from other portions. The horizontal pin 68a1 and the recess 48a3 constitute a first hinge H1 '. In addition, you may open the recessed part 48a3 below.

As shown in FIG. 22, the halyard 73 has one end attached to the horizontal pin 68a1 of the first support member 68a and the other end capable of winding and unwinding to a winding device (not shown) installed on the deck of the floating body 20. It is attached. As shown in FIG. 21, in the state where the first support member 68a is lifted from the upper support column 40, tension is applied to the halyard 73 to pull the horizontal pin 68a1 downward (to the side in contact with the inner surface of the recess 48a3). The Thereby, it is possible to prevent the horizontal pin 68a1 from falling off from the recess 48a3.

In this case, when lowering the first support member 68a, as shown in FIG. 22, the holding member 71 is moved upward by the hydraulic actuator mechanism and exposed from the upper end of the upper support column 40 to the outside.
At this time, the holding member 71 is moved to a position where the pulley 72, the opening surface of the recess 48a3, and the horizontal pin 68a1 are on a straight line.

Subsequently, when the halyard 73 is wound up, the first support member 68a is drawn toward the holding member 71, and the horizontal pin 68a1 is pulled out from the recess 48a3.

Then, when the halyard 73 is fed out, the first support member 68a is suspended from the upper support column 40.

When the middle bracket 48c is moved downward after the first support member 68a is suspended (see FIGS. 18 and 20B), the second support member 68b is centered on the third hinge H3 ′. And the blade 60 rotates downward about the fourth hinge H4 ′ as a central axis. As a result, the second support member 68b and the blade 60 are overlapped in the horizontal direction, and the blade 60 is suspended from the upper support column 40.

100, 110, 120 Vertical axis wind turbine (structure using fluid force)
10 assembly 30 support 40 upper support (rotary shaft)
41 Upper bracket 41a Connecting portion 41b Mounting portion 41b4 Recess 42 Spline nut (moving member)
43 Lower bracket 43a Hole 44 Cavity 45 Cylinder 46 Cylinder rod 47 Middle bracket 47a Hole 48a Upper bracket 48b Lower bracket 48c Middle bracket (angle adjusting means, moving member)
68a First support member 68b Second support member 68c Third support member (angle adjusting means)
60 blade 61 upper blade (first divided blade)
61a Upper end 61b Horizontal pin (projection)
62 Lower blade (second divided blade)

62a Lower end

62b Horizontal pin 63 Intermediate hinge 63a Intermediate hinge 63b Intermediate hinge 64 Middle blade (third divided blade)
65 Rod (support member)
65a Lower end 65b Horizontal pin 67a-67d Elastic rubber bearing (return member)
70 Lifting / lowering means 71 Holding member (moving means)
72 Pulley (guide member)
73 halyard
H1 1st hinge H2 2nd hinge H3 3rd hinge H1 ′ 1st hinge H2 ′ 2nd hinge H3 ′ 3rd hinge H4 ′ 4th hinge H5 ′ 5th hinge r turning radius

Claims

A rotation axis extending along the vertical direction and rotatable about the vertical axis;
A blade that receives fluid force;
A fluid force utilization structure comprising:
The fluid force utilization structure, wherein the blade approaches or separates from the rotation shaft, and the rotation radius of the blade is adjusted.
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 1, wherein the blade approaches or separates in a state substantially parallel to the rotation axis.
A first support member having one end connected to one end side of the rotary shaft via a first hinge so as to be vertically rotatable, and the other end connected to one end side of the blade via a second hinge;
A second support member having one end connected to the other end side of the rotary shaft via a third hinge so as to be rotatable up and down, and the other end connected to the other end side of the blade via a fourth hinge When,
Angle adjusting means for adjusting the angles of the first support member and the second support member with respect to the rotation shaft;
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 2, further comprising:
The angle adjusting means includes
A moving member provided on the rotating shaft and moving up and down along the rotating shaft;
One end is connected to the moving member via a fifth hinge so as to be rotatable up and down, and the other end is any of the other end side of the blade, the other end side of the second support member, and the fourth hinge. A third support member coupled to the crab,
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 3, wherein the structure is made up of
The angle adjusting means includes
One end is attached to one of the other end side of the blade, the other end side of the second support member, and the fourth hinge, and the blade, the second support member, and the fourth hinge with respect to the rotating shaft. A linear member that holds
The other end of the linear member is attached, and a winding member capable of winding and unwinding the linear member;
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 3, wherein the structure is made up of
The angle adjusting means includes
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 3, wherein the fluid force utilization structure is configured by a drive member that applies a rotational force to one of the first hinge and the third hinge.
A suspension member capable of lifting and lowering the first support member with respect to the rotating shaft;
The fluid force utilization according to any one of claims 3 to 6, further comprising a guide member attached to the rotating shaft and guiding the suspension member. Structure.
The first hinge includes a recess opening on one end side or the other end side of the rotating shaft, and a protrusion provided on the first support member and engageable with the recess. The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 7 in the range.
A moving means for moving the guide member to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and a position where the engagement state of the recess and the protrusion can be maintained is further provided. The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 8,
The blade, the first support member, and the second support member are configured to be foldable in a vicinity of the rotation shaft and substantially parallel to the rotation shaft. The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 9 in the range.
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 10, further comprising a magnet provided on the rotating shaft and configured to attract and fix the blade when the blade is folded.
A rotation axis extending along the vertical direction and rotatable about the vertical axis;
A blade that receives fluid force;
A fluid force utilization structure comprising:
One end of the blade is supported via the first hinge so as to be rotatable up and down with respect to the rotation shaft,
The other end of the blade is supported so as to be rotatable up and down with respect to the rotation shaft via a second hinge,
By changing the relative positions of the first hinge and the second hinge, the middle of the both ends of the blade approaches or separates from the rotation shaft, and the shape of the blade is deformed. A structure using fluid force, wherein a turning radius is adjusted.
A suspension member capable of lifting and lowering the blade with respect to the rotating shaft;
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 12, further comprising a guide member attached to the rotating shaft and guiding the suspension member.
The said 1st hinge has the recessed part opened to the one end side of the said rotating shaft, and the protrusion provided in the said blade and engageable with the said recessed part, The Claim 13 characterized by the above-mentioned. Fluid power utilization structure.
A moving means for moving the guide member to a position where the protrusion can be removed from the recess and a position where the engagement state of the recess and the protrusion can be maintained is further provided. The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 14.
The rotating shaft is configured to be vertically expandable and contractible,
Either one of the first hinge and the second hinge moves up and down in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the rotating shaft. The structure using fluid force described in 1.
A moving member provided on the rotating shaft and moving up and down along the rotating shaft;
Either one of the first hinge and the second hinge is attached to the moving member, and moves up and down in accordance with the movement of the moving member. 16. The fluid force utilization structure according to any one of items 15.
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 16, wherein the expansion and contraction of the rotation shaft is performed by a hydraulic or hydraulic actuator mechanism in which the rotation shaft becomes a cylinder or a cylinder rod, or a ball screw.
The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 17, wherein the movement of the moving member is performed by a hydraulic or hydraulic actuator mechanism in which the rotation shaft is a cylinder or a cylinder rod, or a ball screw.
The blade has a plurality of divided blades divided in the vertical direction;
13. The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 12, wherein the divided blades are connected to each other via an intermediate hinge and bendable up and down with the intermediate hinge as a base point. object.
21. The hydrodynamic structure according to claim 20, further comprising a return member provided between the split blade and the intermediate hinge and returning the split blade to a predetermined bending angle. .
The split blade is
A first divided blade supported at one end by the first hinge so as to be vertically rotatable with respect to the rotation shaft;
A second divided blade supported at one end by the second hinge so as to be vertically rotatable with respect to the rotation shaft;
Provided between the first divided blade and the second divided blade, connected to the other end of the first divided blade via the first intermediate hinge, and connected to the other end of the second divided blade at the second intermediate A third divided blade connected via a hinge,
When changing the position of the first hinge with respect to the second hinge, the rotary shaft includes a support member that supports the first intermediate hinge with respect to the rotary shaft and is provided in parallel with the second split blade, and the rotary shaft And the third divided blade is configured in parallel with each other,
When changing the position of the second hinge with respect to the first hinge, the rotary shaft includes a support member that supports the second intermediate hinge with respect to the rotary shaft and is provided in parallel with the first split blade, and the rotary shaft The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the third divided blade is configured in parallel with each other.
As the first hinge and the second hinge move away from each other, the blade approaches the rotating shaft,
23. The fluid force utilization structure according to claim 22, wherein the blade is configured to be foldable in a vicinity of the rotation shaft and substantially parallel to the rotation shaft.
24. The hydrodynamic structure according to claim 23, further comprising a magnet provided on the rotating shaft and configured to attract and fix the blade when the blade is folded.