IL96615A - Thaws an electric impulse that connects - Google Patents
Thaws an electric impulse that connectsInfo
- Publication number
- IL96615A IL96615A IL9661590A IL9661590A IL96615A IL 96615 A IL96615 A IL 96615A IL 9661590 A IL9661590 A IL 9661590A IL 9661590 A IL9661590 A IL 9661590A IL 96615 A IL96615 A IL 96615A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- icer
- structural member
- support means
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002907 paramagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/16—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by mechanical means
- B64D15/163—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by mechanical means using electro-impulsive devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Linear Motors (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/455,129 US5129598A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1989-12-22 | Attachable electro-impulse de-icer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL96615A true IL96615A (en) | 1994-02-27 |
Family
ID=23807535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL9661590A IL96615A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1990-12-10 | Thaws an electric impulse that connects |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5129598A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0433763B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH04208694A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1026223C (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR9006303A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2032571A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69032770T2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2127716T3 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL96615A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (69)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5326051A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-07-05 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Electro-expulsive deicing system having circuit board expulsive members |
| US5609314A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1997-03-11 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Skin for a deicer |
| US5356096A (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1994-10-18 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Skin for a deicer |
| US5314145A (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1994-05-24 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Compressible nose dynamic de-icer |
| CN1113475A (zh) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-12-20 | B·F·谷德里奇公司 | 聚氨酯除冰装置 |
| US5429327A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1995-07-04 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Electro-impulse de-icer |
| US5489073A (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1996-02-06 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Side flex leading edge ice protector |
| US5547150A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1996-08-20 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Mechanical deicer having decoupled skin segments |
| US5553815A (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1996-09-10 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | De-icer adapted for installment on the inner surface of a structural member |
| US5686003A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1997-11-11 | Innovative Dynamics, Inc. | Shape memory alloy de-icing technology |
| US5531405A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1996-07-02 | Dynamics Controls Corporation | Method of building an expulsive blanket using composite materials and stitched attachment |
| US6352601B1 (en) | 1994-12-27 | 2002-03-05 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Self-adhering ice protector |
| US5743494A (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1998-04-28 | The Bfgoodrich Company | Polyurethane deicer |
| US5782435A (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1998-07-21 | Cox & Company, Inc. | Electro-magnetic expulsion de-icing system |
| US5657952A (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-08-19 | Dynamic Controls Hs, Inc. | Electro-expulsive de-icing apparatus and method of use |
| CA2204486A1 (en) | 1996-05-06 | 1997-11-06 | Richard Lawrence Rauckhorst Iii | Pneumatic deicing system with protection for super cooled large droplet ice |
| CA2227526A1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-21 | Michael J. Giamati | Hybrid deicer with element sequence control |
| EP0872417A1 (en) | 1997-04-16 | 1998-10-21 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Hybrid deicer |
| US6283411B1 (en) | 1998-01-21 | 2001-09-04 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Hybrid deicer with element sequence control |
| US6852171B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2005-02-08 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Method and apparatus for deicing mirrors or windows |
| US7178760B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2007-02-20 | Bombardier Aéronautique | Method and apparatus for inhibiting accretion of airborne material on a surface of an aircraft |
| GB0414869D0 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2004-08-04 | Rolls Royce Plc | Shape memory material actuation |
| US7124983B2 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-10-24 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Hybrid electrical ice protection system and method including an energy saving mode |
| US20060231683A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-10-19 | Orr James R | Aircraft & motor vehicle protection system that eliminates eleven safety and environmental hazards associated with aircraft and vehicles parked or tied down and exposed to the elements and animals |
| ATE462644T1 (de) * | 2005-08-25 | 2010-04-15 | Gkn Aerospace Services Ltd | Vorflügel für eine flugzeugtragfläche |
| US8251313B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2012-08-28 | Honda Patents & Technologies North America, Llc | Ice protection system for aircraft |
| FR2906786B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-09 | 2009-11-27 | Eurocopter France | Procede et dispositif de degivrage d'une paroi d'aeronef |
| FR2908738B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-16 | 2009-12-04 | Airbus France | Bord d'attaque d'aeronef. |
| FR2922522B1 (fr) * | 2007-10-22 | 2010-04-16 | Aircelle Sa | Degivrage piezo-electrique d'une entree d'air |
| FR2928346B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-05 | 2011-09-16 | Hutchinson | Systeme et procede d'antigivrage/degivrage et structure d'aeronef incorporant ce systeme. |
| FR2928625B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-14 | 2012-11-30 | Aircelle Sa | Dispositif de degivrage electrique |
| FR2930234B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-21 | 2010-07-30 | Aircelle Sa | Systeme de degivrage et/ou d'antigivrage pour bord d'attaque de voilure d'aeronef. |
| EP2128024A1 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-02 | Saab Ab | An arrangement for a de-icer |
| FR2935357B1 (fr) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-08-27 | Aircelle Sa | Procede de fabrication d'un element de nacelle |
| US20100206990A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-19 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | System And Method For Icemaker And Aircraft Wing With Combined Electromechanical And Electrothermal Pulse Deicing |
| FR2943038B1 (fr) * | 2009-03-13 | 2012-07-27 | Aircelle Sa | Dispositif de degivrage,notamment pour nacelle d'aeronef |
| US9108735B2 (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2015-08-18 | Tmc Aerospace, Inc. | Electro-expulsive de-icing system for aircraft and other applications |
| GB0910476D0 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2009-07-29 | Rolls Royce Plc | Temperature activatable actuator |
| US8777163B2 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2014-07-15 | The Boeing Company | Ice protection system and method |
| US20110116906A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-05-19 | Smith Blair A | Airfoil component wear indicator |
| FR2957332B1 (fr) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-04-13 | Ece | Dispositif et procede de determination de l'etat de fonctionnement d'un systeme de degivrage electroexpulsif |
| JP2013545061A (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2013-12-19 | サーブ アクティエボラーグ | 構造部品を除氷するための方法および機器 |
| JP5355618B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2013-11-27 | 三星ディスプレイ株式會社 | 可撓性表示装置及びこの製造方法 |
| FR2976556B1 (fr) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-12-27 | Airbus Operations Sas | Entree d'air d'une nacelle d'aeronef incorporant une levre renforcee avec un systeme de degivrage par effet joule |
| RU2476356C1 (ru) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-02-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Велко" | Способ удаления льдообразований с обшивки самолета |
| US8689500B2 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2014-04-08 | Eric B. CLIFFORD | Snow removal method and system for a metal roof |
| US20130299637A1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-14 | The Boeing Company | Ice protection for aircraft using electroactive polymer surfaces |
| BR112015010408A2 (pt) * | 2012-11-08 | 2017-07-11 | Saab Ab | disposição de degelo e método para degelar um elemento estrutural |
| CN103963979A (zh) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | 电脉冲与石墨复合除冰方法 |
| WO2014138237A1 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-12 | Parviz Acquisitons Llc | Single surface electro-mechanical actuator assembly |
| RU2535763C1 (ru) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Крыловский государственный научный центр" | Электроимпульсное противообледенительное устройство |
| RU2542819C2 (ru) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-02-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Крыловский государственный научный центр" | Устройство для удаления льда с обшивки транспортного средства |
| US10017262B2 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-07-10 | Rohr, Inc. | Pulsed deicing system |
| CA3014831A1 (en) | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | Peter LENKEY | Deicing apparatuses |
| US10189572B2 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2019-01-29 | The Boeing Company | Systems and methods for preventing ice formation on portions of an aircraft |
| US10118706B2 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | The Boeing Company | Hybrid acoustic and induction-heating systems and methods for impeding formation of ice |
| US10124902B2 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | The Boeing Company | Hybrid acoustic and induction-heating systems and methods for impeding formation of ice |
| US10118705B2 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | The Boeing Company | Hybrid acoustic and induction-heating systems and methods for impeding formation of ice |
| US10137994B2 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-11-27 | The Boeing Company | Hybrid acoustic and induction-heating systems and methods for impeding formation of ice |
| US10464680B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2019-11-05 | The Boeing Company | Electrically conductive materials for heating and deicing airfoils |
| US10708979B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2020-07-07 | De-Ice Technologies | Heating a bulk medium |
| CN106516125A (zh) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-03-22 | 武汉航空仪表有限责任公司 | 一种电脉冲除冰用圆形线圈结构 |
| US10745099B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-08-18 | Wisk Aero Llc | Conductor in composite |
| KR101990351B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-18 | 지효열 | 인체에 무해한 다양한 형상의 얼음제조가 가능한 유수식 제빙장치 |
| GB2574184B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-12-02 | Gkn Aerospace Services Ltd | Ice removal system |
| EP3938711A1 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-01-19 | Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. | Apparatus for a cooking device, cooking device, and method of cleaning a cooking device |
| CN112629093B (zh) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-07-02 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | 一种薄膜热刀、模型表面的生长冰型的去除方法 |
| CN114233583A (zh) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 一种基于电脉冲的风电机组叶片除冰装置及除冰方法 |
| US20230312111A1 (en) * | 2022-04-05 | 2023-10-05 | Goodrich Corporation | Systems and methods for an ice runback control zone in an electrothermal ice protection system |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB505433A (en) * | 1937-11-05 | 1939-05-05 | Rudolf Goldschmidt | Improvements in and relating to de-icing equipment, for example for aircraft |
| US3549964A (en) * | 1968-03-01 | 1970-12-22 | Levin Igor A | Device for deicing surfaces of thin-walled structures |
| DE1921639A1 (de) * | 1968-06-24 | 1970-05-06 | Levin Igor Anatoljevic | Elektrisches System eines Enteisers fuer die Oberflaeche von duennwandigen Konstruktionen |
| SU361666A2 (ru) * | 1970-10-02 | 1983-11-15 | Levin I A | Устройство дл удалени льда с обшивки |
| US3809341A (en) * | 1972-11-14 | 1974-05-07 | I Levin | Device for removing ice from surfaces of thin-walled structures |
| US4292502A (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1981-09-29 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Helicopter deicer control system |
| US4458865A (en) * | 1980-12-09 | 1984-07-10 | Lockheed Corporation | Nose-torquer electro-impulse deicing systems |
| US4399967A (en) * | 1980-12-09 | 1983-08-23 | Lockheed Corporation | Staggered coil and nose-torquer electromagnetic pulse deicing systems |
| US4501398A (en) * | 1980-12-09 | 1985-02-26 | Lockheed Corporation | Beam balancer electro-impulse deicing systems |
| GB2105520A (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1983-03-23 | Rolls Royce | Electro-mechanical aircraft de-icer |
| GB2106966A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-20 | Pennwalt Corp | Method and apparatus for ice prevention and deicing |
| US4514619A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-04-30 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Indirect current monitoring via voltage and impedance monitoring |
| US4545553A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1985-10-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Piezoelectric deicing device |
| BR8407031A (pt) * | 1983-08-24 | 1985-07-30 | Short Brothers Plc | Processo e aparelho para desgelar uma chapa elasticamente deformavel |
| US4678144A (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1987-07-07 | Simmonds Precision | Electro-impulse de-icing system for aircraft |
| US4732351A (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1988-03-22 | Larry Bird | Anti-icing and deicing device |
| US4690353A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1987-09-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Electro-expulsive separation system |
| US4895322A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1990-01-23 | Zieve Peter B | Self-contained apparatus for de-icing aircraft surfaces using magnetic pulse energy |
| US4894569A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-01-16 | Dataproducts New England, Inc. | Electro-expulsive separation apparatus |
| US4875644A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1989-10-24 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Electro-repulsive separation system for deicing |
| US5152480A (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1992-10-06 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Planar coil construction |
-
1989
- 1989-12-22 US US07/455,129 patent/US5129598A/en not_active Ceased
-
1990
- 1990-12-05 DE DE69032770T patent/DE69032770T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-05 EP EP90123280A patent/EP0433763B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-05 ES ES90123280T patent/ES2127716T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-10 IL IL9661590A patent/IL96615A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-11 BR BR909006303A patent/BR9006303A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-18 CA CA002032571A patent/CA2032571A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-12-22 CN CN90110152A patent/CN1026223C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-25 JP JP2418192A patent/JPH04208694A/ja active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-07-02 US US08/887,085 patent/USRE38024E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69032770T2 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
| ES2127716T3 (es) | 1999-05-01 |
| USRE38024E1 (en) | 2003-03-11 |
| CN1052827A (zh) | 1991-07-10 |
| EP0433763A3 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| US5129598A (en) | 1992-07-14 |
| CA2032571A1 (en) | 1991-06-23 |
| DE69032770D1 (de) | 1998-12-24 |
| EP0433763A2 (en) | 1991-06-26 |
| CN1026223C (zh) | 1994-10-19 |
| EP0433763B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
| JPH04208694A (ja) | 1992-07-30 |
| BR9006303A (pt) | 1991-09-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| MM9K | Patent not in force due to non-payment of renewal fees |