IL28613A - Method and device for purifying and detoxicating exhaust gases,fumes or the like - Google Patents

Method and device for purifying and detoxicating exhaust gases,fumes or the like

Info

Publication number
IL28613A
IL28613A IL28613A IL2861367A IL28613A IL 28613 A IL28613 A IL 28613A IL 28613 A IL28613 A IL 28613A IL 2861367 A IL2861367 A IL 2861367A IL 28613 A IL28613 A IL 28613A
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
aerosol
fumes
fume
conduit
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
IL28613A
Original Assignee
Marks A
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marks A filed Critical Marks A
Publication of IL28613A publication Critical patent/IL28613A/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/013—Conditioning by chemical additives, e.g. with SO3
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/38—Tubular collector electrode

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

.„ ,B»Btenn tfinn ¾n mom ιιπ¾Λ» |p«n ao»w l¾V»V |*SB METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PURIFYING AND DETOXICATING EXHAUST GASES, FUMES OR THE LIKE This invention relates to fume suppressors and more particularly to the. control neutralization, detoxification, and disposal of pollutants resulting from combustion such as internal combustion engine exhaust, gas borne industrial and residential waste and the like.
The control of pollutants resulting from combustion has been particularly difficult because of the minute nature of many of the fume particles and the complexity of the products of combustion. Where the particles are of some size such as fly-ash or dust, filters and electric precipitation have been employed with some effect. However, the smaller, particles pass through such devices into the air causing substantial contamination.
In the case of internal combustion engines there have been provided devices for passing the exhaust gases back through the engine in an effort to reduce atmospheric contamination.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device for removing pollutants from the gases of combustion.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device which will render the exhaust from internal combustion engines relatively harmless when discharged into the atmosphere.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a fume suppressor which is extremely simple in construction and operation.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive fume suppressor which will occupy a minimum of space.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fume suppressor which is adapted for use on self-pro charged aerosol in purifying exhaust gases by entraining minute particles.
Another feature of the present invention involves the use of a reactant for a component of the fumes in the carrier gas, said reactant being dissolved in the aerosol droplet.
Still anothe 0 feature of the present invention is its use of a high D.C. voltage source to charge the aerosol particles as they pass through the device.
A further feature of the present invention is the neutralization of the charged aerosol particles and the entrained pollutants to form a disposable liquid.
The invention consists of the construction, combination and arrangement of parts, as herein illustrated, described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof, there are illustrated three forms of embodiment of the invention, in which drawings similar reference characters designate corresponding parts, and in which: Figure 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic view of a complete embodiment of the present invention with certain elements shown in block, and others in longitudinal section.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional fragmentary view of the aerosol forming and charging section of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3, looking in the direction of the arrows.
Figure 4 is a fragmentary view greatly enlarged taken on line 4-4 in Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows.
Figure 5 is a view in longitudinal section of a portion of a second embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a view in longitudinal section of a por The invention broadly, according to one form of the invention, contemplates pumping the products of combustion through a conduit containing a charged aerosol of some suitable liquid such as water. The charged aerosol is preferably simultaneously formed and charged by a charging electrode, whereupon the fume particles are entrained by the charged aerosol droplets. The charged aerosol particles and droplets are then neutralized and coalesce to form larger droplets by the normal process of coagulation within uncharged aerosols. The large droplets and their entrained pollutants can then be collected or washed away.
Referring to the drawings, 10 indicates a conduit such as an automobile exhaust pipe, smoke stack, incinerator chimney or the like. The conduit 10 has an inlet end 11 and an outlet end 12, for the passage of the products of combustion in a carrier gas such as air. A suitable liquid such as water is led into the conduit 10 by means of a pipe 13 under pressure provided by a pump 14. The pipe 13 is connected to a reservoir 15 which contains the liquid and which, in the case of an automobile, may be the radiator of the vehicle. An array of capillary tubes 16 is disposed within the conduit 10, and is in communication with the liquid within the pipe 13. The capillary tubes 16 are similar in size to a small hypodermic needle and preferably have an internal diameter of 0.2 mm or less. The discharge end 17 of the capillary tubes is supported by a thin block 30 held by the walls of the conduit 10.
A charging electrode 18 is disposed downstream of the ends of the capillary tubes 16, and spaced therefrom as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The electrode 18 which is in the form of a plurality of spaced vanes 19, is supported by an insulating to the charging electrode 18 by means of the lead 22. A D.C. voltage source of approximately 2,500 volts is suitable for the present invention. All of the elements in the system other than the charging electrode 18 are grounded.
By reason of the charged electrode 18 an electric field is established between the electrode 13 and the ends 17 of the capillary tubes 16. The liquid coming from the ends of the capillary tubes 16 is discharged into the conduit 10 in the form of a charged aerosol of minute charged liquid droplets 23. The droplets 23 have been marked with a plus sign to indicate a positive charge impressed thereon, but may be charged either positively or negatively.
The droplets 23 are combined with the products of combustion 24, moving through the conduit 10. As a result, fume particles carried by the exhaust gas 24 are entrained by the charged aerosol droplets in the charging region between the capillary array 16 and the electrode 18. The liquid droplets consisting of the charged aerosol and the fume particles traverse the electrode 18 as indicated at 23'. in Figure 1.
A collector screen 25 in the form of a lattice is disposed across the conduit 10 downstream of the electrode 18 as shown in Figure 1. The collector screen is made of electrically conductive material and provided with a plurality of needle-like points 26 which extend in the direction of the electrode 18 and serve to discharge the droplets 23. The droplets 23', which are now neutral pass through the screen 25 and coalesce to form larger droplets 27 by the normal processes of coagulation within an uncharged aerosol. The larger droplets containing the fume particles therein emerge from the exit end 12 of the conduit 10 and may be collected or If the fume suppressor is used in conjunction with the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, it. may be desirable to inject a small amount of hydrogen peroxide from a reservoir 28 into the pipe 13 so that it is mixed with the liquid therein. The peroxide will react with the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases to form carbon dioxide and thereby eliminate the harmful fumes.
In order to compensate for variations in the amount of gases passing through the conduit 10 due to increases or decreases in the engine speed, the pump 14 should be connected directly to the engine in any suitable manner whereby increases in engine speed will increase the speed of the pump to force an increase amount of liquid into the conduit 10 so that a sufficient amount of charged aerosol is present within the conduit to entrain substantially all of the combustion products passing therethrough.
It has been found that only a small amount of liquid is necessary to produce a sufficient amount of charged aerosol within the conduit 10 to entrain and carry off the products of combustion. In addition, the D.C. small voltage and power requirements, and the nature of the charging and discharging elements within the conduit 10 make for a very compact and inexpensive fume suppressing device. Approximately .01% to 5% of the total gas by mass passing through conduit 10 comprises the aerosol liquid droplets.
Referring to Figure 5, there is shown another form of fume suppressor made in accordance with the present invention in which the charged aerosol droplets 24, formed in the manner set forth in connection with Figures 1-4, and with the particles of combustion entrained therein, are picked up by a collector conduit 10 and separated therefrom by a dielectric layer 31. The collector electrode is maintained aat a negative voltage if the droplets are positively charged and at a positive voltage if the droplets are negatively charged. As a result, the droplets are attracted to the collector electrode 32 and coalesce thereon to form a liquid film 27 which will flow out or be blown out of the exit end 12 of the conduit 10.
Referring to Figure 6 there is shown still another embodiment of the present invention in which the conduit 10 is forked as indicated at 28 to provide two passage-ways for the products of combustion. A plurality of capillary tubes 16 connected to a pipe 13, similar to that shown in Figure 1, is disposed in one branch of the conduit 10. A second plurality of capillary tubes 16a, connected to a second pipe 13a, is disposed in the second branch of the conduit 10, A charging electrode 18 is held in the first branch spaced from the capillary tubes 16 and a second charging electrode 18a is similarly located in the second branch. A positive D.C. voltage is applied to the charging electrode 18 and a negative D.C. voltage applied to the electrode I8a. As a result, the charged aerosol droplets 23 and 23 , that emerge from the electrodes 18, 18 , respectively, are oppositely charged.
When the droplets 23, 23a, meet where the forked portion 28 of the conduit 10 ends, as indicated at 29, they coalesce and discharge each other, following which the neutralized droplets further coalesce to form larger droplets 27 as described above in connection with Figure 1.
While the present invention has been described and illustrated with the conduit in the horizontal position as it might appear in an automobile exhaust, it is to be understood without departing from the spirit of the invention. In the case of a vertical vent some suitable means (not shown) for leading the large droplets 27 out of the chimney may be supplied, such means being well known within the art and forming no part of the present invention.
The present invention may also be used to detoxify or neutralize chemical wastes by mixing well known reactants with the liquid of the aerosol. Thus, for example, fumes containing sulphuric acid or sulphurous acid can be reacted with sodium hydroxide dissolved in the charged droplets to render such fumes harmless „ Alkaline type fumes can be treated with hydrochloric acid dissolved in the charged droplets. Nitric Oxide NO. can be absorbed with a solution of alkaline sulfite or dithionate to give compounds of the type M2' SO3. 2 NO.
Having thus fully described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

Claims (3)

1. 28613/2 Claims¾ . 1· A charged aerosol fume suppressor comprising a conduit for the fumea, a source of fumes with a carrier gas connected to the conduit, a source of a reactant to be used as a component of the fumes in the carrier gas, a plurality of capillary tubes within the conduit, a source of liquid such as water connect* ed to the capillary tubes, said liquid including an oxidant for the detoxification of the harmful gas in the fumes, a liquid dispensing end on the capillary tubes, a charging electrode spaced from the dispensin end of the capillary tubes, a source of potential connected to the oharging electrode for applying an electric field between the charging electrode for applying an electric field between the charging electrode and the dispensing ends of the capillary tubes in the presence of the fumes and liquid to simultaneously form and charge an aerosol, and means downstream of the oharging electrode to receive and' discharge the charged aerosol whereby the aerosol and the fumes entrained therein coagulate to form a die* posable liquid.
2. A fume suppressor accordin to claim 1 in which all of the components except the charging electrode are maintained at ground potential.
3. A fume suppressor according to claim 1 In which the charging electrode is in the form of a plurality of spaced electrically conductive vanes past which the aerosol may low* 28613/2 U* A fume suppressor according to claim 1 in which the discharge means is a collector electrode in e; form of a lattice having a plurality of needle-like discharge points extending outwardly therefrom into the path of the charged aerosol. 5· A fume suppressor according to claim 1 in which the discharge means: is a collector electrode in the fdim of an electrically conductive sleeve upon which ther is impressed a charge: opposite from that on the aerosol. 6. A fume suppressor according to claim 1 in which the conduit is: forked to divide the fumes into two streams, a charging electrode and capillary tube array is disposed in each of the streams, a positive D.C. voltage is applied to* one of the electrodes and a negative D.C. voltage to the other electrode and the discharge, means, comprises a con uent portion of the conduit whereby the oppositely charged aerosol-particles meet and discharge each other* 7· A fume suppressor according to claim 1 in which th oxidant is: a peroxide. 8· A method of suppressing fumes comprising the steps of forming and charging an aerosol by using a reactant as a component of the fumes in the carrier gas, said reactant being dissolved in the aerosol droplets and passing the fume through a conduct having a plurality of liquid containing and dispensing capillary tubes therein, an oxidant bein added to said liquid for detoxification of harmful oxidizeble; gases in the fumes* directing the aerosol through an 26613/2 electrical field including a charging electrode, neutralizing the charged electrode by discharge means: and allowing the discharge aerosol droplets to coagulate: into a disposable liquid. 9. The; method of suppressing fumes according to claim 8 in which the aerosol is discharged upon a sleeve; of opposite charge; from the aerosol. DO. The method of suppressing fumes according to claim; 6 in which the fumes are directed into a first and a second path, a positive charged aerosol is formed in the first path, a negatively charged aerosol la formed in the second path and the aerosol is discharged by combining the two aerosol streams. 11· The method according to claim 8 in which the volume of the aerosol passing rhrough the conduit is varied In proportion to the volume of the fumes passing therethrough* 2· A fume suppressor according to claim 1 In which the liquid droplet component of the aerosol comprises front .01 to % of the total gas by mass passing through the conduit. Attorney for App icant
IL28613A 1966-10-03 1967-09-08 Method and device for purifying and detoxicating exhaust gases,fumes or the like IL28613A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58374966A 1966-10-03 1966-10-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL28613A true IL28613A (en) 1971-12-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL28613A IL28613A (en) 1966-10-03 1967-09-08 Method and device for purifying and detoxicating exhaust gases,fumes or the like

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3503704A (en)
DE (1) DE1671399A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1202065A (en)
IL (1) IL28613A (en)
NL (1) NL6712874A (en)
SE (1) SE319262B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE319262B (en) 1970-01-12
US3503704A (en) 1970-03-31
GB1202065A (en) 1970-08-12
DE1671399A1 (en) 1971-09-30
NL6712874A (en) 1968-04-04

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