US3257779A - Electrostatic agglomerator having an improved discharge electrode structure - Google Patents

Electrostatic agglomerator having an improved discharge electrode structure Download PDF

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US3257779A
US3257779A US138393A US13839361A US3257779A US 3257779 A US3257779 A US 3257779A US 138393 A US138393 A US 138393A US 13839361 A US13839361 A US 13839361A US 3257779 A US3257779 A US 3257779A
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angle
electrode
electrodes
agglomerator
apertures
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Strubler Gordon
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/38—Tubular collector electrode

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  • This invention relates to an electrode and more speciiically to Ian improved electrode construction for use in an agglomerator shown and described in detail in applicants copending application, Serial No. 22,218 filed April 14, 1960, now Patent No. 3,110,580, entitled Device for Agglomerating Microscopic Particles.
  • the electrodes shown and described in the above-mentioned copending application operate in a satisfactory manner. However, it has been found that the electrode disclosed herein is superior to the electrode in the aforementioned application.
  • the present electrode is more effective in agglomerating particles in thatwith the same spacing and voltage a greater quantity of particles are agglomerated when the instant electrode is used than when the prior art electrode is used.
  • the construction of the present electrode is also improved in that it allows an easy exchange of one electrode for another when there is wear of one of the electrodes.
  • the electrode has a construction which permits it to be of light weight without substantial loss of strength.
  • FIGURE l is a side elevation showing an agglomerator embodying the present invention mounted in an operative position
  • FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fragmentary portion of the agglomerator shown in FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 4 4 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the interior of the agglomerator showing the details of the construction of the electrode;
  • FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIGURE 5;
  • FIGURE 7 is -a cross-sectional View taken on line 7-7 of FIGURE 5;
  • FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of a mounting portion of the electrode shown in FIGURES 6 and 7;
  • FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of a portion of an electrode rod and stud for supporting an electrode.
  • a smoke-producing furnace 10 is connected to a cyclone 12 through an agglomerator 14, which is disclosed in detail in the aforementioned copending patent application, and the agglomerator is connected to a casing 16 which conducts smoke from the furnace into the agglomerator and envelops the agglomerator.
  • the agglomerator 14 generally consists of a dielectric ceramic block 18 which has a plurality of parallel apertures 20 extending therethrough.
  • a pair of conductor rods 22 and 24 are fixed in one end of the agglomerator and are connected to a transformer 26 through -a bus bar assembly 28.
  • the conductor rods 22 and 24 which also form a portion of the means for cleaning the apertures are connected to a source of air under pressure (which is not shownlthrough a valve 25.
  • the other side of the transformer is connected by bus bar assembly 30 to a pair of conductor rods 32 and 34, which rods are con- ICC nected to block 18.
  • the transformer is electrically connected to a source of alternating electrical energy, which is not shown, so that the transformer has a potential between l0,000 volts and 30,000 volts on its output side.
  • Electrodes 36 are connected to rods 22 and 24, and thus to one side of transformer 26. Electrodes 38 which are identical in construction to electrodes 36, are connected to rods 32 and 34, and thus to the other side of the transformer 26 so that there is an electrical potential between the electrodes 36 and 38.
  • Electrodes 36 are positioned, respectively, in the center of four of the apertures 20 and extend -away from their respective rods to the right as viewed in FIGURE 2.
  • electrodes 38 are positioned, respectively, in the center of the four remaining apertures and extend away from their respective rods,but electrodes 38 extend to the left as ⁇ viewed in FIGURE 2.
  • the electrodes 36 and 38 are coextensive for a major portion of the electrode length as may be clearly seen in the drawings,
  • each of the conductor rods 22, 24, 32 and 34 has an electrode stud 40 fixed thereon perpendicular to the axes of the respective conductor rods.
  • Each of the electrodes is secured to its respective electrode rod by means of stud 40.
  • Each of the electrodes 36 and 38 generally consists of a base 42 having an electrode mount 44 formed integral therewith, which mount frictionally engages its respective stud 40, and a plurality of corona protuberances 46 extending outwardly from the base, each of which protuberanee is identical to the other.
  • Electrode 38 which is also the construction for all the electrodes, is such that the electrode consists of four identical right-angle strips or members 48, Si), 52 and 54.
  • Right-angle strip 48 includes wall or arm 56 which is formed integral with and perpendicular to a wall or arm 58.
  • the strip 50 includes -a wall or arm 60 which is spot-welded to wall or arm 58 and has an integral and perpendicular Wall or arm 62 which is parallel to wall or arm 56.
  • the third strip 52 includes a wall of arm 64 which is spot-welded to wall or arm 62 and has an integral and perpendicular wall or arm 66 which is parallel to w-all or arm 60.
  • the fourth and last strip 54 includes a wall or arm 68 which is spot-'welded to wall or arm 66 and integral and perpendicular wall or arm 77 which is spot-welded to wall 56 of the first-mentioned strip 48.
  • Each of the above-mentioned eight walls has a plurality of ⁇ protuberances 46 formed integral therewith.
  • the protuberances are formed by the removal of notches 72 from the walls4 so that there is a one-eighth inch space between notches thus forming protuberances or tabs.
  • the protuberances are bent at 45 degrees to their respective walls so that there is an angle of degrees between adjacent protuberances as may be clearly seen in FIGURE 7. From the foregoing description and the FIGURES 6 and 7, it is evident that each of the electrodes has a cross-section which is in the general form of a cross.
  • eachv of the electrodes includes an electrode mount 44 which cooperates with its respective stud 40.
  • the electrode mount is formed by cutting out elongated notches 74 such as that shown in FIGURE 8 so that the stud may be received between the arms.
  • each of the electrodes in this instance is made of a stainles steel and the cut-out portion of the notches 74 provide a space somewhat smaller than the respective stud 40
  • the resilience of arms 76 which are formed by the remaining material in the strips 48, 50, 52, and 54, urges the arms into engagement with the respective stud to x the electrode to the stud and thus he conductor rod. It is readily apparent how the electrode may be readily removed and replaced when there is any wear of the electrode by simply pulling the electrode off its respective stud and pushing a new electrode onto the same stud.
  • the operation of the hereindisclosed electrodes is quite similar to the operation of the electrodes described in the aforementioned copending application.
  • the transformer 26 is energized by a source of alternating electrical current so that there is a voltage potential of between 20,000 and 22,000 volts between -adjacent electrodes.
  • the present electrodes have a plurality of corona proturberances. There is a tendency of electrical charges to gather at the protuberances and it has been observed that an increased amount of particles agglomerate on the walls of the -ceramic dielectric block in a position adjacent to the protuberances as shown in FIGURE 5 where mounds of particles 80 are positioned adjacent to protuberances. Inasmuch as there are an increased number of protuberances, the effectiveness of the agglomerator is improved.
  • an agglomerator including a dielectric block having at least a pair of apertures extending from one end of the block to the other, a source of high volt-age alternating current, and a casing connected to one end of the dielectric block for conducting smoke to the apertures, the improvement comprising; an electrode positioned longitudinally in each of said apertures and being connected to the source of high voltage alternating current to provide an electrical potential between the electrodes, each of the electrodes including a plurality of elongated angle members, each of said angle members having at least first and second side arms, said first and second side arms defining -an angle member angle therebetween, the vertex of each angle member angle being disposed substantially at a common point, said side arms of said angle members extending radially outwardly from said common point, all of said side arms being substantially longitudinally coextensive with each other, the first side arm of each angle member being substantially transversely coextensive with and secured in facial engagement to the second side arm of an adjacent angle member to form a plurality of

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

June 28, 1966 G. sTRUBLER 3,257,779
ELECTROSTATIC AGGLOMERATOR HAVING AN IMPROVED DISCHARGE ELECTRODE STRUCTURE Filed Sept. 15, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 5+ F 34 l 72./ y
L @0f/4x0 l zo j June 28, 1966 G. STRUBLER 3,257,779
ELECTROSTATIC AGGLOMERATOR HAVING AN IMPROVED DISCHARGE ELECTRODE STRUCTURE Filed Sept. l5, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent O ELECTRGSTATIC AGGLOMERATOR HAVING AN IMPROVED DISCHARGE ELECTRODE STRUC- 'EURE Gordon Strubler, Chicago, Ili. (1915 Homer-uic St., Honolulu 17, Hawaii) Fiied Sept. 1S, 1961, Ser. No. 138,393 4 Claims. (Cl. 5S--123) This invention relates to an electrode and more speciiically to Ian improved electrode construction for use in an agglomerator shown and described in detail in applicants copending application, Serial No. 22,218 filed April 14, 1960, now Patent No. 3,110,580, entitled Device for Agglomerating Microscopic Particles.
The electrodes shown and described in the above-mentioned copending application operate in a satisfactory manner. However, it has been found that the electrode disclosed herein is superior to the electrode in the aforementioned application. The present electrode is more effective in agglomerating particles in thatwith the same spacing and voltage a greater quantity of particles are agglomerated when the instant electrode is used than when the prior art electrode is used. The construction of the present electrode is also improved in that it allows an easy exchange of one electrode for another when there is wear of one of the electrodes. Furthermore, the electrode has a construction which permits it to be of light weight without substantial loss of strength.
Oher advantages and uses of the hereindisclosed invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon a perusal of the appended specification in light of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE l is a side elevation showing an agglomerator embodying the present invention mounted in an operative position;
FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fragmentary portion of the agglomerator shown in FIG- URE 1;
FIGURE 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE 2;
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 4 4 of FIGURE 2;
FIGURE 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the interior of the agglomerator showing the details of the construction of the electrode;
FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIGURE 5;
FIGURE 7 is -a cross-sectional View taken on line 7-7 of FIGURE 5;
FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of a mounting portion of the electrode shown in FIGURES 6 and 7; and
FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of a portion of an electrode rod and stud for supporting an electrode.
Referring now to the drawings and especially to FIG- URE l, it may be seen that a smoke-producing furnace 10 is connected to a cyclone 12 through an agglomerator 14, which is disclosed in detail in the aforementioned copending patent application, and the agglomerator is connected to a casing 16 which conducts smoke from the furnace into the agglomerator and envelops the agglomerator.
The agglomerator 14 generally consists of a dielectric ceramic block 18 which has a plurality of parallel apertures 20 extending therethrough. A pair of conductor rods 22 and 24 are fixed in one end of the agglomerator and are connected to a transformer 26 through -a bus bar assembly 28. The conductor rods 22 and 24 which also form a portion of the means for cleaning the apertures are connected to a source of air under pressure (which is not shownlthrough a valve 25. The other side of the transformer is connected by bus bar assembly 30 to a pair of conductor rods 32 and 34, which rods are con- ICC nected to block 18. The transformer is electrically connected to a source of alternating electrical energy, which is not shown, so that the transformer has a potential between l0,000 volts and 30,000 volts on its output side.
Electrodes 36 are connected to rods 22 and 24, and thus to one side of transformer 26. Electrodes 38 which are identical in construction to electrodes 36, are connected to rods 32 and 34, and thus to the other side of the transformer 26 so that there is an electrical potential between the electrodes 36 and 38. Four electrodes 36 are positioned, respectively, in the center of four of the apertures 20 and extend -away from their respective rods to the right as viewed in FIGURE 2. In like manner, four, electrodes 38 are positioned, respectively, in the center of the four remaining apertures and extend away from their respective rods,but electrodes 38 extend to the left as `viewed in FIGURE 2. The electrodes 36 and 38 are coextensive for a major portion of the electrode length as may be clearly seen in the drawings,
In this instance, each of the conductor rods 22, 24, 32 and 34 has an electrode stud 40 fixed thereon perpendicular to the axes of the respective conductor rods. Each of the electrodes is secured to its respective electrode rod by means of stud 40.
Each of the electrodes 36 and 38, generally consists of a base 42 having an electrode mount 44 formed integral therewith, which mount frictionally engages its respective stud 40, and a plurality of corona protuberances 46 extending outwardly from the base, each of which protuberanee is identical to the other.
Looking now to FIGURE 7, it may be `seen that the specific construction of electrode 38, which is also the construction for all the electrodes, is such that the electrode consists of four identical right-angle strips or members 48, Si), 52 and 54. Right-angle strip 48 includes wall or arm 56 which is formed integral with and perpendicular to a wall or arm 58. The strip 50 includes -a wall or arm 60 which is spot-welded to wall or arm 58 and has an integral and perpendicular Wall or arm 62 which is parallel to wall or arm 56. The third strip 52 includes a wall of arm 64 which is spot-welded to wall or arm 62 and has an integral and perpendicular wall or arm 66 which is parallel to w-all or arm 60. The fourth and last strip 54 includes a wall or arm 68 which is spot-'welded to wall or arm 66 and integral and perpendicular wall or arm 77 which is spot-welded to wall 56 of the first-mentioned strip 48. Each of the above-mentioned eight walls has a plurality of `protuberances 46 formed integral therewith. The protuberances are formed by the removal of notches 72 from the walls4 so that there is a one-eighth inch space between notches thus forming protuberances or tabs. The protuberances are bent at 45 degrees to their respective walls so that there is an angle of degrees between adjacent protuberances as may be clearly seen in FIGURE 7. From the foregoing description and the FIGURES 6 and 7, it is evident that each of the electrodes has a cross-section which is in the general form of a cross.
As was mentioned above, eachv of the electrodes includes an electrode mount 44 which cooperates with its respective stud 40. The electrode mount is formed by cutting out elongated notches 74 such as that shown in FIGURE 8 so that the stud may be received between the arms. inasmuch as each of the electrodes in this instance is made of a stainles steel and the cut-out portion of the notches 74 provide a space somewhat smaller than the respective stud 40, the resilience of arms 76, which are formed by the remaining material in the strips 48, 50, 52, and 54, urges the arms into engagement with the respective stud to x the electrode to the stud and thus he conductor rod. It is readily apparent how the electrode may be readily removed and replaced when there is any wear of the electrode by simply pulling the electrode off its respective stud and pushing a new electrode onto the same stud.
The operation of the hereindisclosed electrodes is quite similar to the operation of the electrodes described in the aforementioned copending application. The transformer 26 is energized by a source of alternating electrical current so that there is a voltage potential of between 20,000 and 22,000 volts between -adjacent electrodes. The present electrodes have a plurality of corona proturberances. There is a tendency of electrical charges to gather at the protuberances and it has been observed that an increased amount of particles agglomerate on the walls of the -ceramic dielectric block in a position adjacent to the protuberances as shown in FIGURE 5 where mounds of particles 80 are positioned adjacent to protuberances. Inasmuch as there are an increased number of protuberances, the effectiveness of the agglomerator is improved.
From the foregoing description, it is readily apparent how the present invention may be economically manufactured and may be simply mounted in an agglomerator, and the replacement of the electrode is simplified.
Although a specific embodiment of an electrode has been shown and described it will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon a perusal of the accompanying specification that there may be many additions, variations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the hereindisclosed invention. It is expressly understood that the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In an agglomerator including a dielectric block having at least a pair of apertures extending from one end of the block to the other, a source of high volt-age alternating current, and a casing connected to one end of the dielectric block for conducting smoke to the apertures, the improvement comprising; an electrode positioned longitudinally in each of said apertures and being connected to the source of high voltage alternating current to provide an electrical potential between the electrodes, each of the electrodes including a plurality of elongated angle members, each of said angle members having at least first and second side arms, said first and second side arms defining -an angle member angle therebetween, the vertex of each angle member angle being disposed substantially at a common point, said side arms of said angle members extending radially outwardly from said common point, all of said side arms being substantially longitudinally coextensive with each other, the first side arm of each angle member being substantially transversely coextensive with and secured in facial engagement to the second side arm of an adjacent angle member to form a plurality of base members extending radially outwardly from said common point, the outer radial extremity of each base member terminating generally on a circle having its origin at said common point, longitudinally spaced apart pairs of substantially longitudinally coextensive protuberances extending from the radial extremity of each base member to provide longitudinally extending rows of alternate recesses and pairs of protuberances on the electrode at the radial extremity of each of said base members, each pair of protuberances comprising first and second substantially divergent protuberance members, the first and second protuberance members of each pair of protuberances being integral with the first and second side arms respectively of the base member with which the pair of protuberances is associated, an obtuse angle being formed and included between first and second protuberance members of each pair of protuberances and the first and second side arms respectively of the base member with which the pair of protuberances is associated.
2. The combination defined in claim 1 in which the angle formed by the first and second protuberance members of each pair is substantially 3. The combination defined in claim 1 in which the longitudinal distance between pairs of coextensive protuberances is greater than the extent of the protuberances longitudinally.
4. The combination defined in claim 1, in which the angle members at `one end of the electrode have portions removed at the junction of the arms to provide a plurality of resilient gripping portions, and an elec-trode support is provided which is resiliently gripped by said portions.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 804,291 11/1905 Wood 55-150 X 1,333,790 3/1920 Bradley 55-152 X 1,339,480 5/1920 Schmidt 55--154 X 1,356,196 10/1920 Duffy 55-123 X 1,382,037 6/1921 Welch 55-151 X 1,393,712 10/1921 Steere etal 55-123 X 1,456,044 5/1923 Strong 55-154 X 1,959,752 5/1934 Wintermute 55-148 X 1,991,934 2/1935 McCray 55-103 X 2,334,776 11/1943 King et al. 2,409,579 10/1946 Meston 55-152 X 2,585,777 2/1952 Hills 55-52 X 2,672,207 3/1954 Hedberg 55-154 2,694,464 11/1954 Wintermute 55-152 2,704,135 3/1955 Marriott et al. 55-151 X 3,110,580 11/1963 Strubler 55-123 X 3,158,453 11/1964 Maartman et al. 55--154 X 3,158,454 11/1964 Gustasson 55-154 X FOREIGN PATENTS 467,267 1/1914 France. 1,028,559 2/ 1953 France.
370,079 2/ 1923 Germany.
490,168 1/1930 Germany.
490,951 4/1930 Germany.
592,291 2/ 1934 Germany.
277,281 12/ 1927 Great Britain.
428,471 5/1935 Great Britain.
707,103 4/1954 Great Britain.
824,058 11/1959 Great Britain.
855,621 12/1960 Great Britain.
HARRY B. THORNTON, Primary Examiner.
ROBERT F. BURNETT, CHARLES SUKALO,
Examiners. D. TALBERT, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. IN AN AGGLOMERATOR INCLUDING A DIELECTRIC BLOCK HAVING AT LEAST A PAIR OF APERTURES EXTENDING FROM ONE END OF THE BLOCK TO THE OTHER, A SOURCE OF HIGH VOLTAGE ALTERNATING CURRENT, AND A CASING CONNECTED TO ONE END OF THE DIELECTRIC BLOCK FOR CONDUCTING SMOKE TO THE APERTURES, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING; AN ELECTRODE POSITIONED LONGITUDINALLY IN EACH OF SAID APERTURES AND BEING CONNECTED TO THE SOURCE OF HIGH VOLTAGE ALTERNATING CURRENT TO PROVIDE AN ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL BETWEEN THE ELECTRODES, EACH OF THE ELECTRODES INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF ELONGATED ANGLE MEMBERS, EACH OF SAID ANGLE MEMBERS HAVING AT LEAST FIRST AND SECOND SIDE ARMS, SAID FIRST AND SECOND SIDE ARMS DEFINING AN ANGLE MEMBER ANGLE THEREBETWEEN, THE VERTEX OF EACH ANGLE MEMBER ANGLE BEING DISPOSED SUBSTANTIALLY AT A COMMON POINT, SAID SIDE ARMS OF SAID ANGLE MEMBERS EXTENDING RADIALLY OUTWARDLY FROM SAID COMMON POINT, ALL OF SAID SIDE ARMS BEING SUBSTANTIALLY LONGITUDINALLY COEXTENSIVE WITH EACH OTHER, THE FIRST SIDE ARM OF EACH ANGLE MEMBER BEING SUBSTANTIALLY TRANSVERSELY COEXTENSIVE WITH AND SECURED IN FACIAL ENGAGEMENT TO THE SECOND SIDE ARM OF AN ADJACENT ANGLE MEMBER TO FORM A PLURALITY OF BASE MEMBERS EXTENDING RADIALLY OUTWARDLY FROM SAID COMMON POINT, THE OTHER RADIAL EX-
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Cited By (9)

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US3372529A (en) * 1966-09-08 1968-03-12 American Air Filter Co Plate electrode assembly for electrostatic precipitator
US3503704A (en) * 1966-10-03 1970-03-31 Alvin M Marks Method and apparatus for suppressing fumes with charged aerosols
US3533222A (en) * 1965-09-01 1970-10-13 Mediterranea Compagnia Ind Com De-dusting device for smoke and other gaseous fluids
US4303418A (en) * 1977-04-18 1981-12-01 Joy Manufacturing Company Discharge electrode in precipitator
US4765803A (en) * 1986-03-26 1988-08-23 Bbc Brown, Boveri Ag Method and device for agglomerating electrically nonuniformly charged-up solid or liquid particles suspended in gas streams
US5401302A (en) * 1991-12-19 1995-03-28 Metallgesellschaft Aktiegesellschaft Electrostatic separator comprising honeycomb collecting electrodes
US20030121251A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-03 Kelley Kurtis Chad System for agglomerating exhausted particulate matter
US20040237788A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2004-12-02 Geecom (Pty) Limited Discharge electrode
US20060278082A1 (en) * 2003-08-29 2006-12-14 Kazutaka Tomimatsu Dust collector

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