IE61832B1 - Paper, cardboard or paperboard-like material and a process for its production - Google Patents
Paper, cardboard or paperboard-like material and a process for its productionInfo
- Publication number
- IE61832B1 IE61832B1 IE355989A IE355989A IE61832B1 IE 61832 B1 IE61832 B1 IE 61832B1 IE 355989 A IE355989 A IE 355989A IE 355989 A IE355989 A IE 355989A IE 61832 B1 IE61832 B1 IE 61832B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- cationic
- weight
- fibres
- material according
- inorganic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 cationic carbohydrate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 claims description 6
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000282 aluminium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006320 anionic starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001609 comparable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3837746A DE3837746C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1988-11-07 | 1988-11-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE893559L IE893559L (en) | 1990-05-07 |
| IE61832B1 true IE61832B1 (en) | 1994-11-30 |
Family
ID=6366655
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE355989A IE61832B1 (en) | 1988-11-07 | 1989-11-06 | Paper, cardboard or paperboard-like material and a process for its production |
Country Status (14)
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5145811A (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1992-09-08 | The Carborundum Company | Inorganic ceramic papers |
| JPH0995044A (ja) * | 1995-04-10 | 1997-04-08 | Canon Inc | 記録紙及びこれを用いたインクジェット記録方法 |
| RU2345189C2 (ru) * | 2003-12-22 | 2009-01-27 | Эка Кемикалс Аб | Наполнитель для изготовления бумаги |
| WO2005061792A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-07 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Paper comprising quaternary nitrogen containing cellulose ether |
| CN101617082B (zh) * | 2007-02-19 | 2012-12-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | 柔性纤维质材料、污染控制装置及其制造方法 |
| JP5855348B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2016-02-09 | アイカ工業株式会社 | 不燃性基材 |
| JP5876743B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-09 | 2016-03-02 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 複合粒子の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3253978A (en) * | 1961-07-19 | 1966-05-31 | C H Dexter & Sons Inc | Method of forming an inorganic waterlaid sheet containing colloidal silica and cationic starch |
| GB1604908A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1981-12-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Flexible intumescent sheet material with fired strength |
| GB2047297A (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-11-26 | Ici Ltd | Mineral-fibre boards |
| AU546999B2 (en) * | 1980-05-28 | 1985-10-03 | Eka A.B. | Adding binder to paper making stock |
| SE8107078L (sv) * | 1981-11-27 | 1983-05-28 | Eka Ab | Forfarande for papperstillverkning |
| US4578150A (en) * | 1982-07-23 | 1986-03-25 | Amf Inc. | Fibrous media containing millimicron-sized particulates |
| US4443262A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-17 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Low density fibrous sheet material |
| DE3306528A1 (de) * | 1982-12-30 | 1984-07-05 | Lüchtrath, Bern, 8700 Würzburg | Papier-, karton- und pappenartiger werkstoff |
| DE3306478A1 (de) * | 1982-12-30 | 1984-07-12 | Bern 8700 Würzburg Lüchtrath | Fuellstoff fuer einen papier-, karton oder pappenartigen werkstoff und verfahren zur herstellung solcher werkstoffe |
| GB8621680D0 (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1986-10-15 | Du Pont | Filler compositions |
-
1988
- 1988-11-07 DE DE3837746A patent/DE3837746C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-10-02 GR GR890100627A patent/GR1000750B/el unknown
- 1989-10-28 BR BR898907153A patent/BR8907153A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-28 JP JP1511642A patent/JPH03502219A/ja active Pending
- 1989-10-28 DE DE8989912436T patent/DE58903410D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-28 EP EP89912436A patent/EP0399010B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-28 WO PCT/EP1989/001287 patent/WO1990005211A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 1989-10-28 AU AU45140/89A patent/AU620470B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-10-30 CA CA002001784A patent/CA2001784A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-11-03 ES ES8903724A patent/ES2017306A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-03 PT PT92183A patent/PT92183B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-06 IE IE355989A patent/IE61832B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-07-06 NO NO903041A patent/NO176028C/no unknown
- 1990-07-06 FI FI903434A patent/FI93757C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-06 DK DK163590A patent/DK171501B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT92183B (pt) | 1995-08-09 |
| WO1990005211A2 (de) | 1990-05-17 |
| IE893559L (en) | 1990-05-07 |
| FI903434A0 (fi) | 1990-07-06 |
| NO903041D0 (no) | 1990-07-06 |
| EP0399010B1 (de) | 1993-01-27 |
| FI93757B (fi) | 1995-02-15 |
| AU620470B2 (en) | 1992-02-20 |
| PT92183A (pt) | 1990-05-31 |
| AU4514089A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
| DK163590D0 (da) | 1990-07-06 |
| NO903041L (no) | 1990-07-06 |
| DK171501B1 (da) | 1996-12-02 |
| GR1000750B (el) | 1992-12-30 |
| NO176028B (no) | 1994-10-10 |
| CA2001784A1 (en) | 1990-05-07 |
| DE58903410D1 (de) | 1993-03-11 |
| GR890100627A (en) | 1990-12-31 |
| DK163590A (da) | 1990-07-06 |
| ES2017306A6 (es) | 1991-01-16 |
| DE3837746C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1990-03-29 |
| FI93757C (fi) | 1995-05-26 |
| NO176028C (no) | 1995-01-18 |
| BR8907153A (pt) | 1991-02-26 |
| EP0399010A1 (de) | 1990-11-28 |
| WO1990005211A3 (de) | 1990-06-28 |
| JPH03502219A (ja) | 1991-05-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed |