HUE028996T2 - Method for operating a heating device - Google Patents

Description

Pf The invention relates to an φΜφ method for a granulaiedTuef hooting device comprising! at least one reservoir chamber for the granulated fuel and eonpising: a fame chamber adjacent to the reservoir chamber.

Pi To an increasing degree, heating devices in the manner of â fireplace are being used tor Heating living space. Whilst for many years: in particular logs were burnt in the heating devices, heating devices in which a granulated fuel: is thermally exploited, far example wood pellets or other biological fuels pressed into granulate form, in particular leaf pellets, straw pellets, maize pellets or the like, are now becoming; increasingly widespread. Whilst granulated foe! has a number of advantages, and: can:for example be held in reserve cleanly and metered by amount in a: simple manner, a major problem with fuel-grenulete heatlni devices of this type Is that, because of the granular nature of the fuel, the flame formation typical of heating devices when logs are burnt, which is expected by the customer; is not readily formed, instead, a large number of small flames are- fbnmslt 'This Mm® fbtm§$ors% not considered eguivaleht or typical by potential customers and Is sometimes not accepted, yanufaeiurers ere therefore anxious to approximate the flame formation of a fuel-granulate heating device to the flame formation which forms when logs are burnt, which is familiar to the customer. PI A granuiafed^el fireplace having an adapted fiamé formation is Known for example from EF 1 826 483 A2, The granuiated-fuel fireplace disclosed therein comprises, in a combustion chamber, a reservoir chamder for the granulated fuel. The combustion chamber further defines a flame chamber Initially, individual pellets fall cut of the reservoir chamber onto a fire grate under gravity There, the pellets can be ignited by way of a combustion aid. Oering the combustion, pellets flew out of the reservoir chamber onto the fire grate to the same extent as pellets are combusted therein and as fire residues escape through openings in the fossa of the grata into a capture container. As a result of the pellets being burnt yp, heat develops in the combustion chamber. This beat heats the pellets held in reserve In: the reservoir chamber. As a result of the heating of the pellets, gas escapes from the pellets, The released gas arrives, through fhreugmopenings provided: in a wait of the reservoir chamber, in the flams chamber, where it is combusted as a result df the even greater Heat. As the gases guided from the reservoir Into the flame chamber burn up, flames are formed which are s'imiter in ansi formaion to the flame formation of a fireplace operated using logs.

[4f IP 2 Oil 6Θ4 M idisoias# S fireplace heating device comprising: an electronic control system, fie heating device1 has m combustion 4mmb®r which Is for receiving: the iigs and t>umify§ them op and for flame formaion. The fireplace provides individually controllable valves for regulafihgfilh# primary air and secondary air supply, Λ multi-step combustion process with . interruption of the primary air supply in a first thermal exploitation phase Is not disclosed.

[Si The object of the pr&mrif Invention Is to develop a sgmnulatedduei heating device in soph a way that the thermal efficiency is increased and the burning duration is increased, At the same time, a flame formation slmller to the flame formation of conventional heating devices is to be provided and the acceptance Py customers is thus to bo improved:.

[i| To achieve the obpst, the invention Has the features Of öleim 1. m The perticutaf advantage ct the invention is that, in the present case, at separate times, in a first thermal exploitation phase lha fuel granulate is degassed and in a subsequent, second thermal exploitation phase granular intermediate substances resulting from the first thermal exploitation phase are combusted. The temporal separation of the degassing and the combustion makes i possible to extend the entire combustion process in time. As a result, the burning duration can be significantly increased for a given amount of granulated fuel, Since the granulated fuel Is additionally distributed in the reservoir chamber throughout the entire thermal exploitation, idfiipirfigwlar dost tot $mMM the reservoir chamber, the construction is simultaneously simplified, further. the risk of deflagrations or the like Is advantageously reduced, since the granulated fuel and the unignited combustion gases are provided below the fiamé, |8] Since In pedicular modern buildings or buildings refurbished for energy efficiency require a reduced heating power, the maximum heating power of a heating device is gradually becoming less significant as a quality feature. Instead, it is necessary to be able to maintain a heating power adapted to the energy requirement of the bouse as unlformiy and durably as possible. This is achieved by the present operating method for granulated-fuel heating devices, '{§| ÉÉíalíy, the reservoir chamber MÉadiwith granulated fuefaud the granulated;fuel is. ín a manner known per se, ín particular, the granulated fuel is ignited using a combustion aid, in fhiith^oomfeustte tom above to the oranylatedifuehheid ini mserye, During this combustion phase,: primary air is supplied to the reservoir chamber via, a: supply duct.

[10] Once stable hurnup of the granulated fuel has developed, the first thermal exploitation phase can begin. For this purpose, the primary air suppiy is interrupted or reduced in such a way that a pyrolysis process is initiated In the réservoir chamber Ounng the pyroipis, high-molecuiar orga n ic corn pounds in the granulated fuel are converted; with exclusion; of oxygen: or extremely limited oxygen and with the adfldn of heat, info high-energy gases end waste materiale (grenuier intermediate substance), f he bigh-energy pyrolysis gas; subsequently arrives, through the througbmpenlngs of the reservoir; chamber, in the flame chamber, where it is combusted with an excessive supply of secondary air. During the combustion of the pymiysis gases In the fame chamber, liâmes similar to the flame formation of conventional heating devices are formed, as desired by the customer. At the same time, the heat released during the burnup of the pyrolysis gases maintains the pyroiysis process in the reservoir chamber.

[11] The granular intermediate substance obtained bv pyroiysis in the fitst thermal exploitation phase is subsequently combusted with a Sow residue level in the second thermal expipitatioh phase, for this purpose, oxygen reaches the reservoir chamber in excess via the primary air, In such a way that the granuiar intermediate substance burns up therein. Puring the burnup of the intermediate substances in the second thermal exploitation; phase, flames are again formed in the fiamé chamber. Whilst yellow, orange or red flames can be observed in the flame chamber in the first thermal exploitation phase, the flame Is coloured blue in the second thermal exploitation phase because of the particularly high oxygen excess.

[12] in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second thermal exploitation phase is Introduced after at least half of the granulated fuei and preferably more than so % ol the granulated fuel is converted into the granular intermediate substance. Advantageously, as a resnif the combustion duration can be signjfieantly lncreased For example, the first thermal expioitaiioo phase begins after approximately 10 minutes and subsequently lasts 0>p?wïmàM$ 2 tô 2J hours. îh© mtmqmùï second thermal a>epiosfaticsn -0sm ::SMW«qMÉIilr^^^''^n^: ûver ^PP^Kimatelÿ ín tatai, m operating: duration of 3.5 ίο 4 hours can thysM ncMave^ whereas rcooveníionaí bumup of the #me amount of pallets takes place in agpmximeieiy Uaif the time, ÄosoÄiiy, m more uniform heat output than is usual nowadays in heating devices or log heating devices can be achieved over a long ttw'tfcermat pm* power. äs a result, a high ediclenoy Is ensured when the granulated«##! heating device Is operated^ M the same time;, overheating of the building or the rooms lo th© direct vicinity of the granuiaîedduei heating device is prevented:, ri 3) In a development of the invention, the second thefmá! exploitation phase is

Introduced In that the supply of primary air Is re-established during the pyrolysis, in other words during the conversion of the gmnulated djei into the granular intermediate substance. Advantageously, introducing the second thermal exploitation phase at the correct time ensures a continuous thermal explolfllon process. The switchover can be provided for example manually by ad|usiiug a sliding controller or another closing body for the primary aid In this case, a completely non-electrical operation variant becomes possible, which can be operated seif-sufficsantly and in the Song term without additional power. For example, an electric control system may be provided which detects the progrès# during: the first thermal exploitation phase, for example by sensor, end aufomatloäliy re-establishes the primary air supply when a predetermined conversion level of the granulated fuel into the granular intermediate substance is achieved, in this case, the operation of the granulated fuel heating device may be maintained fully automatically over a long period, for example overnight, without manual interventions, $14} Supplying the primary sir at the correct time during the pyrolysis or degassing of the granulated fuel prevents unintended interruption of the thermal exploitation: process. As e result of the combustion of the gases m the flame chamber and the simultaneous supply of primary air, the combustion :pf the granular Intermediate substance or remaining present granulated fuel in the reservoir chamber set in automatically with the fresh supply of primary Sir.: [15] The supply of secondary air to the fiamé chamber may be maintained both during the first thermal exploitation phase and during: the second thermal exploitation phase. For example, it may be provided that the secondary air is supplied automatically and: .gmrmm&üttyi no ephon fer active change is poviçjëà Mechanical argustment options or m eiectrie conffoi m regulation System eon ïfm m dispensed with, For example, In optimum suppifed air amount [of primary air and/or' ieeöÄry:: :f6rth& difeopt therroii explöltatiön phases ©a© be determined and set empirically, for example manually using a liiif. Tests by the Applicant nave shown that a change in the supplied air ©mount during the indiyiduai exploitation phases is usually not necessary, and that in particular in the second itherpal expioitatioo phase a maximum supply of primary air leads to a particularly [16] To cany' out the method according to the Invention, use Is made in particular of a granulated fuel nesting device comprising a housing having an opening arid having a closing unit assigned to:the opening for seiectiveiy opening and/or closing the opening, comprising a combustion chamber provided in the bousing, the combustion chamber being lined at least in portions with a heat-stable material, in particular with a firebrick matériái, and a reservoir chamber for Ibe toe! granulate and a fame chamber being provided! in the combustion chamber; oemprising a first supply duct for supplying air into the reservoir chamber, comprising a second supply duct for supplying air to the fiamé obember, end comprising an exhaust duct for removing combustion gases from the combustion chamber, the reservoir chamber for the gmnuiated fuel being provided In the combustion chamber below the flame chamber. The granulated fuel thus remains permanentiy in the reservoir chamber in particular, seid fuei Is prevented fmmescaping the reservoir chamber of Its own accord, for example under the effect of gravity, and arriving In the flame chamber.

[1TJ Advantageously, holding tbe granulated fuel and any intermediate substances formed during the thermal exploitation of the granulated fuel in reserve exclusively and permanently In the reservoir chamber promotes the sequential thermal exploitation by the method according to the invention. The granuiated fuel provided! solely in the reservoir chamber or the Intermediate substances are therefore either degassed during the pyrolysis or combusted In the subsaguent second thermal exploitation phase with a supply of primary air and an excess of oxygen. This sequential exploitation process is responsible for the long duration of the thermal exploitation, for a high conversion level with usually less than 1 % residual ash: after the second thermal exploitation phase,: and for limiting the maximum heating:: power, fi'&l The central Idea p. thus to carry ont the degassing of the granulated fuel during the pyrolysis ah# the thermal exploitation of the graodfated fuel or any granular intermediate substances which baas arisen during the pyrolysis in the same single chamber. The pyrolysis in the first thermal exploitation phase and the combustion in the second therms! exploitation phase take place in temporal succession or sequentially: in particular, it is not necessary for the granulated fuel to fee combusted spatially separately for combustion Of the high-energy gases formed during the pyrolysis. The heat required for maintaining the process is thus provided by the combustion of the high-energy pyrolysis gases, and not by parallel combustion of granulated fuel.

[10J: In a preferred embodiment, the reservoir chamber is separated from the flame chamber by a separating body, A through-opening is provided on the separating body for passing the high-energy pyrolysis gases or the combustion gases through from the reservoir chamber into the flame chamber. Advantageously, providing the separating body prevents secondary air. supplied to the flame chamber in particular in the first thermal exploitation phase, from leading to an interruption in the pyrolysis in the reservoir chamber and to substantially uncontrolled combustion of the granulated fuel or the granular Intermediate substances. The through-opening is thus steed and positioned on the separating body in such a way that unacceptably high throughput of secondary air from the dame chamber into the reservoir chamber is prevented, [2ÖJ In a development, the separating body is formed as a disc body. Because the separating body is formed in a disc shape, and in particular has a low thickness which is as constant as possible, sufficient long-term heat transfer from the flame chamber to the reservoir chamber can be ensured during the pyrolysis, Moreover, the disc body may be formed in particular as a removable or pivotable disc body, For example, the disc body may be removed dr pivoted away to the side when granulated fuel is being: filled into the reservoir chamber or residual ash, remaining after the combustion in the reservoir chamber, is to he removed.

[211 The separating body may for example be made of steel dr glass, in particular ceramic glass or Ceran glass, Thus, on the one hand a sufficient thermal stability and thermal conductivity can be provided. On the other hand, in particular when a separating body of glass materia! is provided, the view of the reservoir chamber and in particular of the granulated fuel located therein can be cleared, [22] In a development primary air arrives in the mservcir chamber vie the first supply duct pad secondary air arrives in the flame chamber via the second supply dug. By way of an edjusMbiy held cldelng body which le assigned to the first supply úüttmálór to the second: suppiy dug, the iniounf of primary air or secondary air can be varied. In particuiar, I may be provided that In a first and adjidÄÄ position of the dosing body a maximum amount g supplied air (primary air and/or secondary alg arrives in the combustion chamber and that in; a second end adjustment position a minimum amount g supplied air Is supplied to the combustion chamber. Advantageously, the supplied air amount can be adapted to the respective requirements g the different thermal exploitation phases using the adjustable closing body. For example, by way of a dosing body assigned to the first suppiy dug, the amount of primary air can fee varied, As a result, it is possible to malte the regulred primary at available in the combustion phase and in the second thermal exploitation phase and addltlohâily to suppress the primary air suppiy In the first thermal exploitation phase, For this purpose, the closing body is brought into an advantageous adjustment position. For example; the closing body is brpughi into the firet end adjustment position in the combustion phase and Id the second thermai exploitation phase, During the first thermal exploitation phase, the closing body can Instead be brought into the second end adjustment position. It can thus be provided that in the second end adjustment position no supplied air arrives in the reservclr chamber via the first supply duct !'23j In a development, it may fee provided that a plurality of reservoir chambers for the granulated fuel are provided in the combustion chamber. Each reservoir chamber is arranged adjacent to the flame chamber and separated therefrom by a separating body having a through'-opening. Advantageously, providing a plurality of reservoir chamfeefs makes it possible to pass repeatedly through the operating method according to the invention, having the first thermal combustion phase and the subsequent second thermal exploitation phase. Thus, In a granulated fuel heating devilp having two reservoir chambers, the granulated fuel can initially be filled into both reservoir chambers, and the granulated fuel located in a first reservoir chamber can be ignited using a combustion aid. Once the granulated fuel in one chamber is burning stagy, the primary air supply is tgarruged, m such m way that the pyrolysis begins and the high-energy pyrolysis gases in the fiamé chamber burn up, Subsequent to the first thermal exploitation phase, the primary air suppiy is re-egafelisheci and the second thermai exploitation phase for the granular intermediate substances in the corresponding reservoir chamber is introduced. The combustion of the pyrolysis gases la the feme chamber and the combustion of the granular Intermediate substances result In a large amount of heat which, In the coursa of the exploitation process, heats and eventually automatically ignites the granulated fuel held in reserve in the other reservoir chamber, As a result of the Ignition, the thermal exploitation begins here too, the thermal conversion of the granulated fuel held In reserve in the other reservoir chamber taking place as a functvon of die supplied primary air and Id consideration of the relevant process state In the first reservoir chamber. Overall, as a result the overall process duration can be increased further and the efficiency increased. |24| A Heating device reservoir insert having a reservoir chamber for a granulated fuel formed in the inferior thereof may further be provided, the reservoir chamber being defined by a plurality of walls, one wall being formed as a base face having a plurality of supply openings for supply air, and an upper face opposite the base: face having a thfougfnopenihg for gases to pass through, and having a supply duet, formed at least in portions* for supplying air to the supply openings on the base face of the reservoir chamber, external dimensions of the beating device reservoir Insert feeing tuned to a siae of a cibsafele opening provided in a housing of the heating device in such a way that the heating devme reservoir insert can be inserted into a combustion chamber of the fireplace. Advantageously, by pmvldlhg the reservoir insert which can be inserted into a heating device reiroaetiveiy, a preexisting conventional log-operated heating device can be developed into a granulated fuel heating device according to the invention. The customer is thus saved Pom increased Investments, and can aiso decide In the long term whether he wishes to use the heating device conventionally without the insert or with the reservoir insert for thermal combustion of granulated fuel, in particular, the availability of the different fuels and the costs of the fuels can be taken into account [25] In the context of the invention, the term heating: device may include in particular a firepiace, a thermal storage fireplace, a chimney, a heating stove, a generic stem an individua! hearth or a hot water heating system. The invention described In the foliowing for a fireplace and the operating method according to the Invention may thus be implemented for the thermal storage firepiace and in chimneys and heating stoves, generic stoves, or in individual fireplaces and hot water heating systems, central or instalied in tne living apace, [26] Further advantages, features and details of the invention may be taken from the further, dependent claims and the following description. The features set out in the claims ahd: in the description each be fiiéként; m. dhp invention Individually per Si. or In any comblnationi Features and detail of tha granulated feel neatmg device and heating $mm-mmm&k insert which are disclosed according to the invention are nafuratiy also vaM In connection with the operating method according to the invention and «te versa, Thus, reference may always be: made to the disoiesyre in; both direefiona in relation fo the Individual aspects of theinventlon. The drawings ere merely provided by way of example to clarify the Invention, and: are non-limiting in nature, [27] irr the drawings:

Pig, 1 shows a first embodiment of a granulated fuel heating device having a reservoir chamber for the granulated fuel, the heating device being configured in the manner of a fireplace by way of example,

Pig. 2 shows a: heating device reservoir insert as used in the: granuiated fuel heating: device according to the Inventien according to fig. 1,

Pig, 3 shows a second embodiment of fheheafing device reservoir insert, fig:, 4 shows a third embodiment of the heating: device reservoir Insert,

Fig. 5 shows afourth embodiment of the heating device reservoir insert,

Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of a heating device,

Pig, F shows a first: embodiment of a disc-shaped Separating body for the reservoir chamber.

Pig, B shows a second embodiment of the disc-shaped separating body for the reservoir chamber,

Fig, 8 shows a third embodiment of the also-shaped separating body for the reservoir chamber.

Fig, 10 éiï&m a feiÄ embodiment of the dlscmhaped separating body for the reservoir chamber.

Fig. 11 show®: a third embodiment of a granulated fuel heating device laving: two reservoir chambers for the granulated fuel,

Fig, 12 is a schematic pian view of areservosr insert having three reservoir chambers,

Fig. 13 is a schematid glad view of a reservoir insert having four reservoir chambers.

Fig. 14 is a further schematic pian view of a reservoir insert hiving three reservoir chambers,

Fig. IS shows a fourth embodiment of a heating device,

Fig. 16 Shows an alternative embodiment of a reservoir chamber for the heating device according to Fig. 15,

Fig. 17 shows a third embodiment of a reservoir chamber for the heating device according to Fig. 15,

Fig. 18 shows a fourth embodiment of a reservoir chamber for the heating device according to Fig. 15,

Fig. 19 shows a fifth embodiment of a reservoir chamber for the heating device according to Fig, 15,

Fig. 20 is a vertical section through a fifthembodiment Of a heating device, and

Fig. 21 Is horizontal section through: the heating: device according to Fig. 20 along section line C-C.

[28] A first embodiment Of a heating device1 is shown In Fig, 7 fheiheating: device Is configured in the manner of a firepiace by way o? example. As essential components, the flrepiaoe oornprises a housing 1; having ah opening 2 which : can he opened and: closed by a eloslng unit 3 assigned to IM opening '21. TM closing unit 3 cörri^rls©# a preferably tÄspärent4lie:#lement'4i;1h^igft:^el'.iit$::psslÄI© «Mänto a combustion chamber S of the fireplace, provided behind the disc element 4 and enclosed by the housing 1, The combustion ^tiÉtfÂ'Sniéi.vyith a firebrick base 8; a firebrick rear wail 7: a firebrick side: wall 8 and a firebrick cover §.

[29) In the combustion chamber 5, a reservoir chamber 10 for the granulated fuel 11 and a fiamé chamber 12 are formed. The reservoir chamber 10 is located below the lame chamber 12. If is positioned at least in podions on the firebriok; base 6. the firebrick rear wall 7 and the firebrick side walls 8, and is separated from the fame chamber 12 by way of a disc-shaped separating body 13. The disc body 13 comprises a through-opening 14 for gases ίο pass through from the reservoir chamber 10 into the fame chamber 12. The disc body 13 can be removed for filling the reservoir chamber IQ with the granulated fuel; 11, Alternatively, it may be provided that the body 13 is formed foldable or pivotable and can be pivoted away or folded up forcing |be ifeatmbir chamber 10 with the granulated fuel.1t. Í3Q] A base face IS, opposite the disc body 13 arid forming a base of the reservoir phamberfQ, is formed in the manner of a perforated metal sheet. The base face 15 thus has a piuralify of supply openings 18, via which fresh air (primary air 25) can flow in via the reservoir chamber 10. For supplying the fresh air to the reservoir chamber 10. a fresh air duct 17 for ventilating the combustion chamber S is provided In the region of a mar face of the housing 1 opposite the opening 2 and the closing unit 3, A recess 15 Is formed in the firebrick rear wall 7, and connects a first supply duct 18, adjacent to the reservoir chamber 10, to the fresh air duct 17. The first supply duct 19 extends along; a rear wall 20 of the reservoir chamber 10 and the base face IS. if is enclosed by the rear wall 20 of the reservoir chamber 10, the firebrisk wall 7 of the fireplace, the base face 15 of the reservoir chamber 15, the firebrick base 0. and side walls 21 (not shown separately in the side view.) of the reservoir chamber 15, pi) A front of the reservoir chamber 19, facing the disc element 4. is formed planar at least in portions, in the present embodiment, the disc body 13 and affront face 22 which defines the front of the reservoir chamber IQ are: formed from a fat, planar glass material. It is thus possible to see into the reservoir chamber 10 having the: granuiatedffuel il located therein both through the disc element 4; of the door 3 and through: the disc body 13 or the at least partially transparent front face 22, fi2J The;: fiamé Ämfesr 1:2 Is 1ÄM in the combustion chamber f above: the ramrvQlr chamber Ahopeningli:aaSlgnM:ÉfIhe fiámiétofesf :Í2(Is provides lm the region tf the fimbnok cover 9, and is for --supplying gases located in the fiamé chamber ta further functional components of the fireplace, for example a heat store 37 or a smoke outlet, for exarnpi# eft outlet duct 38. Farther, a second supply duct 24 assigned to the flame chamber 12 is provided. ¥ia the second supply duct 24, fresh air (secondary air 26} can arrive in the fiamé chamber 12. The second supply dust 24 is orientated in sych a way that the supply sir is supplied from above and flows in along the disc element 4 Into fha fiamé ohamher 1:2. Sooting of the disc element 4 can be counteracted in that the supply air flows along oh the disc element 4. 133] The fireplace according to Fig. 1 Is operated as follows. Initially, the reservoir chamber 10 is filled with the granulated fuel 11 In preparation. Subsequently, the granulated fuel 11 is ignited. For this purpose, through the hrougivopaning 14 in the disc body 13 a combustion aid, for example a firelighter, is placed on the granulated fuel 11 and ignited; In the combustion phase, primary air Id arrives in the reservoir chamber 13 via the fresh air duct 17, the recess Id, the first supply duet 19 and the supply openings 18 provided in the base face 45. As a result of the ignition df the granulated fuel 11, combustion gases are formed, which combust in the flame chamber 12 while secondary air 26 flowing in through the second supply duct 24 is supplied, forming: a flame 27, the resulting combustion gases escape from the flame chamber 12 via the opening 23. :|34| Tines the granulated fuel 11 has caught fire and is burning reliably, the first supply duct 19 is blocked by way of a closing body (not shown), and the supply of primary air 25 to the reservoir chamber 10 is suppressed or graatiy reduced, Subseguentiy, the organic granulate 11 Is pyrolysed or degassed In the reservoir chamber 10, with exclusion of oxygen or extremely low oxygen, During the pyrolysis, high-energy pyrolysis gas is released, which i® the reserymr chamber 43 through the through-opening 14 Mo the flame chamber 1¾ where it Is mixed with the inflowing secondary air 28 and bums UP- During the bumup, the fiamé 27 is of a red, yellow or orange colour, depending on the oxygen: content; |35] In the reservoir chamber 10. a granular intermediate substance forme during the pyrolysis. The granular intermediate substance is typically outwardly black, and also has at least approxMafeiy the orignal shape of the granulated fuel 11 fSif After the pyrolysis, which forms â first thermal exploitation phase. In a second thermal exploitation phase the supply of primary air 2S to the risen/eir chamber 10 fern*· esfsbiiehsd. As a regalt of the air supply, the granular Ihtermeliaf# substanceis combusted in the reservoir chamber 10, As a result of the oxygen excess, a fiamé 27 which burns substantially blue Is formed in the fame chamber 12 (37] Depending on the amount of granulated feet 11, the duration of the first thermal exploitation phase and the second exploitation phase varies, if approximately 10 litres of granulated tel 11 are used, theirst thermal exploitation phase of the pyrolysis extends over approximately 2 to 2.5 hours, and the pomPustien in the second thermal exploitation phase extends over approximately i§ minutes. 138] The reservoir chamber 10 according to Fig 1 is part of a feaervdir insert §8, as is shewn; in Flgi 2. The reservoir Insert 30 is used in particular as a retrofitted piece for conventional fireplaces, which are formed for combusting logs or the like and have a correspondingly large, noresubdlvided combustion chamber 5. The geometry and In particular the external dimensions of the reservoir Insert 3ö are selected in such a way that the reservoir insert M can be Inserted through the opening 2: typically provided in the housing; 1 whan; the closing unit 3 is open. The reservoir unit 38 comprises the reservoir chamber 18 defined; by the disc body 13, the base fees 16 opposite the disc body 13, the front face 22, the rear wall 20 and the side walls 21. The reservoir Insert 30 further comprises the first supply duct 13, Insofar as the supply duct 19 is befltte and formed by the firebrick rear waif 7 and the firebrick base 8 after the reservoir Insert 30 is Inserted into the combustion chamt^rS- áteddlilonli ÄIW9 In the present case, the first supply duct 18 is thus formed unclosed rearwards and downwards, whilst towards a front face, directed to the front of the reservoir insert 38, in the region of the two side wails 21 and upwards, it is datte by the wails of the reservoir insert |0. The supply openings 18 in the base face 15 art- dimensioned in such a way that the granulated tel 11 is reliably held in the reservoir chamber 10 and cannot arrive in the fmt supply duct 19 or on the firebrick base δ through the supply openings 16. |381 Depending on the specific const potion and configuration of the fireplace provided for the reservoir insert 30, the primary air 23 can be supplied to the réservoir chamber 10 in different; ways, Per example, the primary air 86 may be supplied directly from below, instead of m 1mm sirs« 1?. Trte feeervpir insert $öm%y túrnom® a modifié shape ~~ as shown !É:Flf> §** In whichthe formation of the rearward portion of the fir# supply duct 10 is omitted and ft# primary air 25 is supplied directly from below, it may further Pa provided that the housing 1 of the firepiaes has a rearward opening and the primary air 25 hows into the reservoir insert 30 torn behind, in this case: the reservoir insert 30 according to Fig. 2 may be used. Afeematsvely, the primary air 26 can how to the reservoir insert 36 laterally, fherefere, the first supply duct 19 may extend along a side wai! 21 and the ease face IS of the iwservoir Insert 30; cf. Fig. 4. HO] A fourth embodiment of the reservoir insert 30 according to Fig. S comprises a base face 16 which is formed dosed. The supply openings IS for the primary air25 are formed adpcent to the base face 15 in the rear wall 2.0 and the opposite aide walls :2i of the reservoir chamber 1G. The modified configuration ofthe reservoir insert 30 having the base face 15 formed closed in particular prevents ash or ether combustion residues from escaping fromrfhe combustion chamber 5 when the reservoir insert 30 is removed and soiling the surreonbinp the primary air 25 can fee supplied te the granulated fuel 11 in the region of the base face 15, and uniform, high-energy feurnup oTthe combustion granulate 11 can be ensured; 141] Like components and component functions are labelled using like reference numbers.

[42] Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of a firepiece. in the second embodiment of the fireplace, instead of a reservoir insert 30, a reservoir chamber 10 fixedly installed In the housing 1 of the firepiace is arranged below the flame chamber 12 in the combustion chamber 5. ïeiow the reservoir chamber 10, there is an ash container 35 In which formed combustion residues are captured. The residues after the combustion of the granulär intermediate substance are sufficiently small that they fail through the supply openings 16 in the base face 16 of the resarvoif chamber110, The ash container 35 can be removed via a second housing opening 36.

[43] Above the combustion chamber 5, a. heat store 3? formed in the manner of a bhckls : arranged. The heat store 37 serves to withdraw and store the outlet air plus heat flowing through the opening 23 ifdwards the outlet duct 38, The heat stored in the heat store 82 n outputted to the surroundings via the housing 1, in particular after the second thermal expieitaildo phase m complete. Therefore, % providing the heel stdre 3?, the efficiency of the fireplace can he further improved end the duration of use increased. the output of the heat from the neat store 37 may extend over several hours.

[44] During thé operation, the primary air 25 flows via the rearward fresh air duct: 17 and: the Irat suppiy duot 19 from the base face "IP through the supply openings 1Í info the reservoir chamber 10 The secondary air 28 arrives in the flame chamber 12 via an air inlet opening 39 provided above the biasing unit 3 on the housing 1. The second inlet duct 24 therefore extends in the front region of the housing: 1 In the present case, the separating body 13. also formed disc-shaped, between the reservoir chamber 10 and the flame chamber 12 has two througmopehings 14. Through the two through-openings 14, gases car-flow from the reservoir chamber 10 into the flame chamber 12. This results in an individual alternd flame formation both in the first and In the second thermal exploitation phase.

[45] Comprehensive tests by the Applicant have shown that oblique positioning Of the disc body 13, rising towards the itmughmpenlng 14, makes particularly advantageous therms! exploitation possible., In particular, an angle of approach 40 -s less than 30*. Preferably, the angle of approach is between 2' and 20h and padicuiarly preferably favourable in the region of 8" & 5' to the horizontal. As a result, the secondary air 26 is diverted towards the through-opening 14 and preheated In the region of the disc body 13. in addition, this results in good mixing of secondary air 2§ and the gases flowing from the reservoir chamber 10 into the lame chamber 12. Further, disruptive secondary air 28 is prevented from flowing into the reservoir chamber 10 in particular during the first thermal exploitation phase., or penetration of secondary air 28 Into the reservoir chamber TO is counteracted. |4β] The through-opening 14 provided on the disc body 13 may be in any position, it is not compulsory for the through-opening 14 to be arranged: adjacent to the iaterei wails (firebrick rear wall 7, firebrick side wall 8).

[471 in an alternative, the disc body 13 may be formed: in muitipie parts. The single-pad disc shape of Fig. 1 to 8 is therefore by way of example [48] Fig. 7 to: 10 show alternative embodiments of the separating body 13 and the through-opening 14. According to Fig ?, the disc body 13 Is formed as a square disc body 13 and 14 as a lisa-shaped througfoopehing 14 whibh extends ever the entire width of the disc foody 13.

[46J Fig, 6 shows that M exepjfe Mo through-openings 14 may bo provided, whish aro formád oval The through-openings 14 may in principle he of any desired shape, and for acompte be sumlike. ft Is likewise conceivable to give the through-openings 14 a flame [10! in Fig. I, it Is provided that the through-opening 14 is formed in an upper region, fooing the firohfick roar wail ? in the mounted state, of the separating body 13. The through-opening 14 Is thus provided diroctiy a£|aeent to the firebrick rear waii 7. The secondary air 23 therefore flows over the entire dfoebddy 13 before being mixed with the gases passing through in the tagion of the through-opening 14, and is aecordlngiy preheated considerably; ill If 1$ clear from Fig, 10 that the inventive Idea can be impiemented independently of the shape sf the fireplace, not only for a sufestamiaily reotangular cross section, but also - as shown here - for a circular cross section of the tirepfaoe. The disc body 13 is therefore of a circular shape, th# through-opening 14 being formed crescent-like oh an upper edge region of the disc body 13, |52| Natuieliy, fireplace crossr-seotidnai shapes other then sobstantlaliy reetanguiar or round may also be formed. For example, the fireplace may he impiemented ovai or triangular in cross section.

[53] A third embodiment according ; to Fig;, 11 has a reservoir insert 30 which is provided in the combustion chamber 5 and which Is supplied with primary air 26 via a rearward fresh air duct 17 and the first supply duet 19 from the base face 15. In the reservoir insert 30, two reservoir chambers 48, 46 are now provided The reservoir chambers 45, 48 are mutually separated by way of a fhermaly insulated partition wall 47. and each formed to receive granulated fuel 11. Ä first disc body Aids assigned to the first, larger reservoir chamber 4S as a separating body, a through-opening 49 to the flame chamber 12 being formed adjacent to the firebrick rear wail 7 ofThe fifspiace. The disc body 48 is formed as a removable disc body, which is removed for iitiog the first reservoir chamber 48 vnth granuiated fuel 11 and inserted during operation, A seconds smaller reservoir chamber 46 is provided in front of the first reservoir chamber 48 and adjacent to the disc element 4. A second separating body SQ, provided between the second reservoir chamber 46 and the flame chamber 12, is likewise formed disc-shaped arid held pivotable. A corresponding mounting of the second disc body 50 is provided in the region of the Intermediate wail 47, For filling the second reservoir chamber 46 with the granulated fuel 11 the second disc body 50 may be folded away or pivoted: away towards the first disc body 48, A second through-opening 51 connecting the second reservoir chamber 46 to the flam© chamber 12 is formed close to the disc element 4, [54] During the operation of the fireplace, the granulated fuel 11 in the first reservoir chamber 45 is initially ignited by way of a combustion aid, with maximum primary air supply. After the combustion, the supply of primary air 25 is suppressed as usual, in such a way that during the first thermal exploitation phase the pyrolysis in the first reservoir chamber 45 and the burnup of the high-energy pyrolysis gases take piece in the fiamé chamber 12. Subsequently, with maximum primary air supply, the granular intermediate substance, which has formed as a product of the pyrolysis in the first reservoir chamber 46, is combusted in the second thermal exploitation phase. The heat arising during the pyrolysis or burnup of the granular Intermediate substance results in spontaneous Ignition of the granulated fuel 11 provided in the second reservoir chamber 46 in the region of the second through opening 51, The moment of spontaneous ignition can be varied In particular constructionally, by way of the size and position of the second through-opening 51 the ieve! of thermal insulation of the two reservoir chambers 45, 46 in the region of the intermediate waii 47, and the amount of primary air 25 supplied to the second reservoir chamber 46 via the supply opening 16 provided in the base face 15. (55] Overall. providing two reservoir chambers 45, 48 resuits in the process of thermal exploitation of the granulated fuel 11 being extended in time and the maximum heat output simultaneously feeing limited. Heat is therefore outputted to the surroundings over a longer period I58] Fig. 12 to 14 show further basic options for implementing a fireplace having a plurality of reservoir chambers. For example, according to Fig, 12, it can be provided to form three reservoir chanibers 52, 53, 54 in a fireplace having a substantially square cross section, As Is shown, the moment of Ignition of the granulate fuel 11 held in reserve in the reservoir chambers 62, 53, 54 can be varied or influenced by way of constructional measures, in particular by way of the configuration of the separating body and the size and position of the through-openings. Similarly, according to Fig. 13, a solution having four mmmm chambers 52, 53, 64, 56 can be formed. Finally, Fig, 14 shows how three reservoir chambers §2, 53, 64 can be arrangea in a fireplace of round arasa SÄfi, [67] Ftp 15 shows a fourth embodiment of a firepiace. in this case, the reservoir chamber 10, arranged in the combustion chamber 5, for the frahoiated fee: 11 is implemented in the manner of a pub-out The fuel chamber 1(5 can therefore Ice puled out of the housing 1, in dartieylir for filling it with granulated fuel 11 or for cleaning the combustion chamber 10. For this purpose, the combustion chamber 10 is fixed to the housing 1 by means of telescopic rails 58 For example, the slide body 13 can be configured to be immovable or be held pivoted away as a foldable dise body 13, so as to facilitate filling or cleaning the reservoir chamber 10, [55] fig. 16 and 1? show mo aitamatlve embodiments of the reservoir chamber w, which is formed in the manner of a mmrvm Insert 30, The dme bodies 13 are each lined up at an inclination to the hortesotsl In this case, the through-opening 14, via which gases arriva In the flame ehsmfear 12 from the reservoir chamber 10, Is positioned in such a way that the gases end up being guided along the disc body 13 towards the through-opening 14. in each ease, the fhfdogh-openlhg 14 is located at an upper point of the reservoir chamber 10. The disc body 13 has a dual function. On the one hand, if serves to separate the reservoir chamber ID tom the flama chamber 12, On the other hand, the disc body 13 leads the gases towards the through-opening 14,

According to Fig. 18 and 19, the reservoir Insert 30 comprises two rasarvoir chambers 45, 46. The two reservoir chambers 45, 46 are mutually separated by a thermally insulating partition wall 47 A disc body 48, 50 having a through opening 43, 51 Is assigned to each reservoir chamber 45, 46. in each case, the through-opening 49, 51 is located at an upper point of the reservoir chambers 45, 48. The disc bodies 48, 50 therefore serve to separate the reservoir obambons 45, 46 from the flame chamber 12, In addition, in this case toe, the dies bodies 48, 50 serve to guide the gases formed in the reservoir chamber towards the IhreughHipenings 49, 51.

[59] The disc body 50 of the small front reservoir chamber 46 can be pivoted away for filling the reservoir chamber 46. Moreover, the side of the through-opening 51 can be changed in that: the disc body 50 is configured In two parts and the two parts 50.1, 50,2 of the disc body 55 ere displaceabie relative to one another in the direction of the extension }&iem 2$ of the δ§ In partteuiarfbe: moment of spontaneous ignition M the fuoi granulate 11 provided in the associated sagged reservoir chamber 46 can by wav of the position of the flap 50 and the size of the through-opening: 14, in this case, the spontaneous ignition of the granulated fuel 11 results from the high temperatures in the flame chamber 12 in the region of th@ through-opening 14. in other words the granulated fuel 11 is ignited from above. pO] independently of the shown embodiments having more than one reservoir chamber If, 45, 46, the position of the through-opening: 13. 49, 51 pan be determined treeiy. The disc body 13, 48, 50 may be formed In one or more parts, in this context it Is also advantageous to provide the disc body 13, 48, if at a flight Inclination to the honaontal and to make it rise towards the through-opening 13:49. 51 ||1] A fifth embodiment of the fireplace according to Fig. 20 and; 21 has an integrated reeeivoir chamber 10. The reservoir chamber 10 does not have separate side waiis. The combustion chamber f is therefore merely subdivided, by the disc body 13 having; the through-opening 14. into the reservoir chamber if on the one hand: and the flame chamber 12 on the other hand, The prsmary air 25 arrives in two primary air guidance ducts 80. formed by U-shaped profiles, via the first suppiy duct if and a plurality of repasses IS provided in a wsiii. 5, The primary air guidance ducts 60 are provided in the reservoir chamber 10 on opposite sides ad]aeenf to the wail 59 of the Combustion chamber 30. The primary air 25 flowing in via the recesses If escapes Via two clearances 61 in the guidance duets 80, in this case, the clearances 61 are arranged adjaeeoito a base82 of the combustion ohambar 8, The primary air 25 Is therefore supplied to the granulated fjei 11 from below as usual, through the perforated base 15 provided at a distance from the base 8¾ ot iho oombustlon ohamber 8, f'62| Between: the perforated base 'lilibfithe-resehroir'bhamber If and the base 62 of the combustion chamber 5. an ash container 35 (not shown: here) may optionally be provided; Combustion residues thus arrive in the ash container 06ifrom the combustion chamber 10 In padieular via the supply openinis 18 in the perfomted base 1& Í83] The disc body 13 provided between the reservoir chamber TO and The frame chamber 12 is arranged at an Inclination to the: hptentéí: .ahédönigtóred1 the through- opening 14 U is braced inih© oorobuslon: chamber 5 on an: end face of the two primary air ÿutëànm: dpef# |§, The dise body ^ #ay fpr example tMfHXMä as a glass My and laid loosely on tbe guidance ducts 60. For example, the disc body 13 may be fixed to the guidanoa duets 50 or the «I! SO of the combustion cbamber S using fastening means foot shown). |64f The integrated configuration of the combustion chamber 10 makes possible a very compact and constructionally particularly simple implementation. A reservoir chamber 10 formed physically closed is dispensed with. Instead, the side wail 59 and the base 62 of the combustion chamber 5 sirhultaneously serse as walls for the reservoir chamber 10. f6i| Optionally, the perforated base 15 may be dispensed with. The primary air .25 thus arrives in the reservoir chamber laterally via the clearances 61, Naturally more than two primary air guidsnoe duets 60 having a correspondingly large number of clearances 61 may be provided |66] The embodiments of the fireplace discussed with reference to the drawings may for example be varied in that a circular or cylindrical opening 2 having a correspondingly shaped closing element 3 is provided instead of the perforated base IS shown in the various embodiments, for exampie a grating tuned to the size of the granulated fuel 11 ( an expanded metoh a wire mesh or a shaker grate may be provided. The rigid position of the perforated metel sheet 15 is therefore merely 0y way of example The combustion chamber 5 of the fireplace is iined with firebricks merely by way of example, The firebricks can be dispensed with. The waits of the combustion chamber 5 may therefore be made from any other suitable heat-stahie, firepfoof material, The heat store 3? is provided above the flame chamber 12 by way of example. It may be provided that a suitable heat store or a heat exchanger, for example a hot water circuit, is provided in addition or alone In the combustion chamber 6 or in the dame chamber 12.

[67] Merely by way of example, the embddimehte are shown using the example of a fireplace, in principle, any other form of healing device may be provided for carrying out the method according to the Invention. In particular, thermal storage Irepiaces, chimneys In general, heating stoves, stoves and individual hearths or hot water heating systems may be dOhfigured.

Claims (5)

EXAMPLES WGMTOK PROCEDURE I-FILLING MECHANISM 1-discharge method for a granular fuel for a cassette, the granular fuel (11) being supplied with at least one "under-chamber" and one. a combustion chamber adjacent to the firing chamber, which is composed of the following process steps; ~ preparatory phase; the reservoir (18, 4S, 8 & 54, 55) upwardly granulated: fuel gas (II); - expelling phase: the betamxot granular fuel is collected into which the primary chamber (25) is added to the reservoir (10, 45, 52, S3, 54, 55) to provide brain burning aid in the reserve chamber | Figures for granular fuel (11) in S3, 54, 5S, characterized in that ~ first thermal recovery phase; after ignition of the gmnolytic fuel (11): the combustion of the primary air is interrupted by means of auxiliary combustion, whereby, as a result of the process: the granulated fuel (11) is transformed into a granular intermediate by the release of gases and the liberated gases are one: the chamber (12, 4t, S1) is guided through the passage (14, 4t, S1) between the chamber (18, 45, mr S3, 54, SS) and the secondary chamber (12) is burned therein; a second thermal recovery phase; after granulation of the granular fuel (11): granules into intermediate material, the granulated intermediate is incinerated in the reserve chamber (10, 45, §2, S3, 54, 55) by the addition of primary air (25). 2, b. An operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second thermal: extraction phase is started after the granulated fuel (11) S0Se has been converted into the granular intermediate material by at least the granulated fuel (11): 3, Operation 1, or e 2, according to the invention, the method comprising: providing a second thermal recovery phase in which the primary air (25) is recycled to the granule intermediate (11) during the conversion of the granulated intermediate material. or increase Operating method according to one of claims 1 to 3v, characterized in that the combustion aid is provided on the through-openings (14, 49) between the reserve chamber (3.0, 45, 52, S3, 54, SS) and the combustion chamber (12). , Sí) to the granulated fuel ft i) .v. 5, According to one of claims 1 to 4, Operation Procedure ^ characterized in that, during the first thermal recovery phase, the superficial gas in the combustion chamber (12) is wfof * and / or 1Λ (ϊιΙ shirts (U | and / vsgyy leaves). second Mfa>! kuS IcmyeréSi fll | firewoods (12) which are flames (2?) for batteries δ> Operation method according to one of claims i-5, characterized by the fact that the wasooik is in the form of a pulsating & secondary air (26) is driven by firefoxAa fill *