HU217976B - Eljárás 2-dezoxi-2,2-difluor-D-ribofuranozil-alkil-szulfonát anomerek elválasztására - Google Patents
Eljárás 2-dezoxi-2,2-difluor-D-ribofuranozil-alkil-szulfonát anomerek elválasztására Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HU217976B HU217976B HU9301826A HU9301826A HU217976B HU 217976 B HU217976 B HU 217976B HU 9301826 A HU9301826 A HU 9301826A HU 9301826 A HU9301826 A HU 9301826A HU 217976 B HU217976 B HU 217976B
- Authority
- HU
- Hungary
- Prior art keywords
- benzoyl
- mixture
- deoxy
- difluoro
- ribofuranosyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- -1 2-chloroacetyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one Chemical group CC(C)(C)[C]=O YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PWXJULSLLONQHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylcarbamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 PWXJULSLLONQHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005958 tetrahydrothienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LGZRPVQFWULZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)NC(=O)C1=NC=CN1 Chemical compound OC(=O)NC(=O)C1=NC=CN1 LGZRPVQFWULZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical group ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- ZYBWTEQKHIADDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;methanol Chemical compound OC.CCO ZYBWTEQKHIADDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LSEFXLGTUCVBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)NC1=NC=CN1 LSEFXLGTUCVBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005917 3-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXFXTBNFFMQVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diphenyl(trityloxy)methyl]benzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)OC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XXFXTBNFFMQVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000118 anti-neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229940075894 denatured ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000434 field desorption mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117955 isoamyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002212 purine nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002718 pyrimidine nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/08—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H11/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by inorganic acids; Metal salts thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/902,303 US5256797A (en) | 1992-06-22 | 1992-06-22 | Process for separating 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribofuranosyl alkylsulfonate anomers |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HU9301826D0 HU9301826D0 (en) | 1993-09-28 |
| HUT64551A HUT64551A (en) | 1994-01-28 |
| HU217976B true HU217976B (hu) | 2000-05-28 |
Family
ID=25415647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU9301826A HU217976B (hu) | 1992-06-22 | 1993-06-21 | Eljárás 2-dezoxi-2,2-difluor-D-ribofuranozil-alkil-szulfonát anomerek elválasztására |
Country Status (17)
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69311000T2 (de) * | 1992-06-22 | 1997-11-27 | Lilly Co Eli | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Alpha-Anomeren angereicherten 1-Halogen-2-Deoxy-2,2-Difluor-D-Ribofuranosyl-Derivaten |
| MY164523A (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2017-12-29 | Univ Degli Studi Cagliari | Methods and compositions for treating hepatitis c virus |
| EA007867B1 (ru) | 2000-05-26 | 2007-02-27 | Айденикс (Кайман) Лимитед | Композиции для лечения флавивирусных и пестивирусных инфекций и способы их применения |
| MXPA04012802A (es) | 2002-06-28 | 2005-04-19 | Idenix Cayman Ltd | Ester 2'-c-metil-3'-o-l-valina de ribofuranosil-citidina para el tratamiento de infecciones por flaviviridae. |
| US7608600B2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2009-10-27 | Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Modified 2′ and 3′-nucleoside prodrugs for treating Flaviviridae infections |
| RU2005118421A (ru) | 2002-11-15 | 2006-01-20 | Айденикс (Кайман) Лимитед (Ky) | 2'-разветвленные нуклеозиды и мутация flaviviridae |
| PL377287A1 (pl) | 2002-12-12 | 2006-01-23 | Idenix (Cayman) Limited | Sposób wytwarzania 2'-rozgałęzionych nukleozydów |
| JP2008503562A (ja) * | 2004-06-23 | 2008-02-07 | イデニクス（ケイマン）リミテツド | フラビウイルス科による感染症を治療するための５−アザ−７−デアザプリン誘導体 |
| US7214791B2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2007-05-08 | Shenzhen Hande Technology Co., Ltd. | Method for preparation of 2′-deoxy-2′, 2′-difluoro-β-cytidine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof by using 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucose as raw material |
| AT502221A1 (de) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-02-15 | Pharmacon Forschung & Beratung Gmbh | Homogemcitabine, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie deren verwendung |
| US7781576B2 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2010-08-24 | Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Process for preparing a synthetic intermediate for preparation of branched nucleosides |
| WO2007092705A2 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-16 | Chemagis Ltd. | Process for preparing gemcitabine and associated intermediates |
| US20070249823A1 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-10-25 | Chemagis Ltd. | Process for preparing gemcitabine and associated intermediates |
| US20080262215A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-23 | Chemagis Ltd. | Gemcitabine production process |
| GB0812895D0 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2008-08-20 | Glycom As | Crystalline carbohydrate derivative |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4526988A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1985-07-02 | Eli Lilly And Company | Difluoro antivirals and intermediate therefor |
| US4965374A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1990-10-23 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for and intermediates of 2',2'-difluoronucleosides |
| IL87517A (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1993-05-13 | Lilly Co Eli | Process for preparing an enantiomeric mixture of erythro and threo lactones |
-
1992
- 1992-06-22 US US07/902,303 patent/US5256797A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-06-21 ES ES93304821T patent/ES2100462T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-21 EP EP93304821A patent/EP0576232B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-21 KR KR1019930011306A patent/KR100302087B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-21 CA CA002098888A patent/CA2098888C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-21 DE DE69308391T patent/DE69308391T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-21 BR BR9302426A patent/BR9302426A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-06-21 AT AT93304821T patent/ATE149505T1/de active
- 1993-06-21 HU HU9301826A patent/HU217976B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-21 MX MX9303714A patent/MX9303714A/es unknown
- 1993-06-21 IL IL106074A patent/IL106074A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-21 JP JP5149152A patent/JPH0656867A/ja active Pending
- 1993-06-21 DK DK93304821.7T patent/DK0576232T3/da active
- 1993-06-22 TW TW082104993A patent/TW233300B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-04-08 GR GR970400728T patent/GR3023060T3/el unknown
-
1998
- 1998-06-12 HK HK98105211A patent/HK1006022A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-18 CY CY9800012A patent/CY2091B1/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69308391D1 (de) | 1997-04-10 |
| IL106074A0 (en) | 1993-10-20 |
| BR9302426A (pt) | 1994-01-11 |
| KR940000473A (ko) | 1994-01-03 |
| GR3023060T3 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
| MX9303714A (es) | 1994-01-31 |
| ATE149505T1 (de) | 1997-03-15 |
| HU9301826D0 (en) | 1993-09-28 |
| EP0576232B1 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
| DE69308391T2 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
| CY2091B1 (en) | 2002-04-05 |
| KR100302087B1 (ko) | 2001-10-22 |
| CA2098888C (en) | 2003-07-29 |
| DK0576232T3 (da) | 1997-07-21 |
| ES2100462T3 (es) | 1997-06-16 |
| IL106074A (en) | 1998-02-22 |
| HUT64551A (en) | 1994-01-28 |
| JPH0656867A (ja) | 1994-03-01 |
| HK1006022A1 (en) | 1999-02-05 |
| CA2098888A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| EP0576232A1 (en) | 1993-12-29 |
| TW233300B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1994-11-01 |
| US5256797A (en) | 1993-10-26 |
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