HU212538B - Process for producing aphicidal and acaricidal plant active ingredient, composition containing it and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

The insecticide contains polyacetylene type, natural active matter obtd. from compositae, umbelliferae, and araliacese plant species by solvent (by ethanol) extn. The extracts contain matricaria or lachnophyllum-esters, falcarindione and falcarindiol insecticides against sucking and gnawing insects. (Dwg.0/0)

Description

The present invention relates to a process and composition of natural acaricide and aphicide having natural origin. for the production of bio-insecticides using individual members of the Compositae, Umbelliferae and Araliaceae families, and for use against mites and aphids.

Organic gardeners use potions of many plants to control plant pests, but they are poorly effective, unstable aqueous extracts. Classical procedure for applying nettle leaves and horsetail's decoction to aphids (Garden of Life, 1990, Ed. G. Hamilton, Officina Nova, Budapest). The polyacetylene content of some Compositae species has long been known (e.g., Acta Chem. Scand., 1950, 4, 1575-1583; Chem. Ber., 1967, 100: 611-617; Phytochemistry, 1974, 13: 455-457; Flavors, 1975, May / June: 195-198; J. Plant Physiol., 1985, 120: 273283), or similar components of certain members of the Araliaceae plant family (e.g., Phytochemistry, 1986, 25: 285-293; Phytochemistry, 1987, 26: 2849-2850), for which a nematocidal effect has been demonstrated. Mink repellents (eg linalool, camphor, bomeol) have been identified from the essential oil of Artemisia vulgaris but have not been described for their insecticidal activity (J. Chem. Ecol. 1985, 11 (9): 1297-1306).

A review of the state of the art shows that:

(1) Neth J. Plant Pathol., 1976, 82 (1): 1-8. [C. A. 85: 156537w] discusses host plant relationships with the chemotaxonomy of the Compositae family and the Pratylenchus penetrans nematode, discussing only the nematocidal aspect, not the possible insecticidal aspects;

(2) Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechnol. Biol. Act. Nat. Prod. (Proc.) Ist., 1981, 3 (1): 262-266. [C. A. 97: 86999v] refers specifically to the search for nematocides and mentions the Compositae and Euphorbiaceae plant families from this aspect, without reference to their possible insecticidal properties;

(3) J. Biol. Sci. Res., 1985, 6 (1): 5-18. [C. A. 104: 31593r] and J. Biol. Sci. Res., 1985, 6 (2): 17-22. [C. A. 104: 31610η], the authors report the antimicrobial activity of sesquiterpene lactones extracted from certain members of the Compositae family and other plant families, not to mention the insecticidal activity;

(4) Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1983, // (3): 243-245. [C. A. 99: 209839η] reports the detergent effect of sesquiterpene lactones of Umbelliferae species on storage insects, which, however, cannot be considered analogous to insecticidal activity;

(5) Phytochem. 1986, 25 (2): 285-293. [C. A. 104: 106180q] review the chemistry, biosynthesis and biological significance of polyacetylenes in the Araliaceae family. Of the biological aspects of interest to us, however, it deals only with anti-mold and pharmacological effects, without mentioning their insecticidal properties;

(6) Photochem. Photobiol., 1984, 39 (2): 177-182.

[C. A. 100: 118023w] investigates the photosensitizing effects of polyacetylenes and thiophene derivatives, which may play an important role in photooxidation processes that are harmful to living organisms, but does not discuss the direct insecticide aspect.

Summarizing the above, it can be noted that the references mentioned under point 13 refer to the use of natural active ingredients of the plants of the Compositae family against plant pests, which, however, do not include insecticidal aspects.

Similarly, in the reference to point 4, the use of natural active ingredients of the Umbelliferae family against plant pests prior to the filing date is reported, firstly, for antimicrobial activity and for insecticidal and non-insecticidal activity.

5-6. (a), which refer to natural polyacetylene active substances extracted from plants of the Araliaceae family and their effects, show only the anti-mold, pharmacological and photosensitizing effects and not the insecticidal aspects.

An insecticidal substance, myristiccine, has already been isolated from the edible root portion of the pastes [Agric. Food Chem., 1963, // (5): 410-415; Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29: 890-892], but the extract from the green part of Pastinaca sativa has not been used elsewhere for insect repression or insect killing.

In our investigations we have found that the combined extract of some members of the Compositae, Umbelliferae and Araliaceae family has a much more potent aphicidal and acaricidal effect than the extracts prepared separately from each plant species.

The following table illustrates the additive effect of a combined herbal extract:

Herbal extract Effectiveness (%) against Panonychus ulmi Artemisia vulgaris 40.3 Pastinaca sativa 56.5 Solidago gigantea 52.9 A combination of the three 91.5

The present invention describes the use of various combinations of insecticides on the above-ground parts of Artemisia vulgaris, Solidago gigantea, Pastinaca sativa, Erigeron (Conyza) canadensis and Hedera helix. Within the insecticidal activity, aphicidal and acaricidal effects are demonstrated by means of potentiation examples. In addition, we emphasize the high environmental and health benefits of the products so prepared, given the harmlessness of the plants used.

The process of the invention is illustrated by the following examples:

HU 212 538 Β

Example 1

Preparation of an aphicidal and acaricidal composition from ethyl alcoholic extracts of above-ground parts of plants and a process for thinning harmful aphids and aphids with combined plant extracts. killing

The above-ground portions of Solidago gigantea, Artemisia vulgaris and Pastinaca sativa are air-dried to a size of 5-10 mm, then gently ground and mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1 with 10 parts by weight of 96% ethyl alcohol at 25 ° C for 24 hours. After filtration, the process is repeated twice more with fresh alcohol. Extracting operations are carried out in low light or in complete darkness. The combined final extract, which is characterized by a dry matter content of 1 g / 100 ml, is then stored at 510 ° C in a dark plastic container for further use after addition of 2 g / l Na-ascorbate.

The herbicide concentrate thus prepared is formulated in a 10-fold dilution in water with the addition of 2 g / l Na-ascorbate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid and a wetting agent, which can then be sprayed directly onto the plants. The dose to be applied in orchards is 15-30 l / ha of plant extract concentrate, applied to the infected plant surface or. sprayed directly on the pest, ie 150-300 g of extract per hectare of dry matter. This is 25-50 ml / tree of plant extract concentrate in a 600-apple-tree-stocked apple plantation. 0.25-0.5 g / wood extract means dry matter.

Example of impact:

The efficacy studies were carried out in a growing apple and currant plantation, by spraying 20 infected shoots on selected plants at 23-26 ° C in quadruplicate. The tested pests were the red fruit spider mite (Panonychus ulmi), the apple leaf mite (Aculus schlechtendali) and the reddish redcurrant aphid (Cryptomysus ribis L.). The product was applied using a "Minipe" hand-held sprayer with a circulating nozzle pressure of 0.1 MPa. The evaluation was sometimes done by counting 50100 leaves.

Duration of treatment (days) Efficiency (%) P. ulmi A. schlechtendali C. ribis against 3 91.5 32.0 73.9 7 88.1 39.1 100

In the case of P. ulmi, the composition had a satisfactory effect on the moving shapes, while it only weakened dormant individuals (eggs, chrisalis). The preparation had only a thinning effect against A. schlechtendali, which is not sufficient to eliminate a strong apple leaf mite infection. Red blubberish (Cryptomysus ribis L.), a slower-developing but ultimately the same chemical as the drastic chemical, has been shown to be effective.

No phytotoxic effects were observed after the treatments.

Example 2

Preparation of an aphicidal and acaricidal composition from ethyl alcoholic extracts of above-ground parts of plants and a process for thinning harmful aphids and aphids with combined plant extracts. killing

The above-ground parts of Conyza canadensis, Artemisia vulgaris and Pastinaca sativa are air-dried to a size of 5-10 mm, then gently ground and a 1: 1: 1 mixture by weight of 10 parts by volume of 96% ethyl alcohol at 25 ° C for 24 hours. After filtration, the process is repeated twice more with fresh alcohol. Extracting operations are carried out in low light or in complete darkness. The combined final extract, which is characterized by a dry matter content of about 1 g / 100 ml, is stored at 5-10 ° C in a closed plastic container at 2 ° C to 10 ° C until further use. The herbicide concentrate thus prepared is formulated in a 10-fold dilution in water with the addition of 2 g / l Na-ascorbate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid and a wetting agent, which can then be sprayed directly onto the plants. The dose to be applied in orchards is 15-301 / ha of plant extract concentrate, applied to the infected plant surface or. sprayed directly on the pest, ie 150-300 g of extract per hectare of dry matter. This is 25-50 ml / tree of plant extract concentrate in an apple plantation with a density of 600 trees / ha. 0.25-0.5 g / wood extract means dry matter.

Example of impact:

The efficacy studies were carried out in a growing apple and currant plantation on selected plant units by spraying 20 infected shoots at 23-26 ° C in quadruplicate. The tested pests were the red fruit spider mite (Panonychus ulmi), the apple leaf mite (Aculus schlechtendali) and the leaf blush (Cryptomysus ribis L.). The application was performed using a _{> r} Minipe handheld sprayer with a circulation nozzle pressure of 0.1 MPa. The evaluation was sometimes done by counting 50100 leaves.

Duration of treatment (days) Efficiency (%) P. ulmi A. schlechtendali C. ribis against 3 77.2 44.8 64.2 7 79.4 45.2 88.0

In the case of P. ulmi, the composition had a satisfactory effect on the moving shapes, while it only weakened dormant individuals (eggs, chrysalis). The preparation showed only a thinning effect against A. schlechtendali, which is not sufficient to eradicate a strong apple leaf mite infection. There was a slower but ultimately satisfactory efficacy against the red blighting currant (Cryptomysus ribis L.).

No phytotoxic effects were observed after the treatments.

HU 212 538 Β

Example 3

Aphicidal and acaricidal preparations of methyl alcoholic extracts of above-ground parts of plants, and a process for combating harmful fruit mites and aphids with combined plant extracts. killing

The above-ground portions of Solidago gigantea, Artemisia vulgaris and Hedera helix are air-dried to a size of 5-10 mm, then gently ground and a 1: 1: 1 mixture by weight is extracted with 10 volumes of methyl alcohol at 25 ° C for 24 hours and filtered After that time, the process was repeated twice more with fresh methyl alcohol. Extracting operations are carried out in low light or in complete darkness. The combined final extract, which is characterized by a dry matter content of about 1 g / 100 ml, is stored at 5-10 ° C in a closed plastic container at 5-10 ° C in a dark place after addition of 2 g / l Na-ascorbate. The herbicide concentrate thus prepared is formulated in a 10-fold dilution in water with the addition of 2 g / l of Na-ascorbate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid and wetting agent, which can then be sprayed directly onto the surface of the plants. The dose to be applied in orchards is 15-301 / ha of plant extract concentrate on the infected plant surface or. sprayed directly on the pest, ie 150-300 g of extract per hectare of dry matter. This is 25-50 ml / tree of plant extract concentrate in a 600-apple-tree-stocked apple plantation. 0.25-0.5 g / wood extract means dry matter.

Example of impact:

The efficacy studies were carried out in a growing apple and currant plantation, by spraying 20 infected shoots on selected plants at 23-26 ° C in quadruplicate. The tested pests were the red fruit spider mite (Panonychus ulmi), the apple leaf mite (Aculus schlechtendali) and the red-ripe currant aphid (Cryptomysus ribis L.). The product was applied using a "Minipe" hand-held sprayer with a circulating nozzle pressure of 0.1 MPa. The evaluation was sometimes done by counting 50100 leaves.

Example 4

Preparation of an aphicidal and acaricidal composition from tetrahydrofuran extracts of the above-fold parts of plants, and a method for thinning and eradicating harmful fruit leaf mites and aphids with combined plant extracts. and extracting one part by weight of a mixture of 1: 1: 1 by weight with 10 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran at 25 ° C for 24 hours, and after filtration the process was repeated twice more with fresh solvent. Extracting operations are carried out in low light or in complete darkness. The combined final extract, which is characterized by a dry matter content of about 1 g / 100 ml, is stored at 5-10 ° C in a closed glass container until further use, after addition of 2 g / l Na-ascorbate.

The herbicide concentrate thus prepared is formulated in a 10-fold dilution in water with the addition of 2 g / l Na-ascorbate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid and a wetting agent, which can then be sprayed directly onto the plants. The dose to be applied in orchards is 15-301 / ha of plant extract concentrate on the infected plant surface or. sprayed directly on the pest, ie 150-300 g of extract per hectare of dry matter. This is 25-50 ml / tree of plant extract concentrate in a 600-apple-tree-stocked apple plantation. 0.25-0.5 g / wood extract means dry matter.

Example of impact:

The efficacy studies were carried out in a growing apple and currant plantation on selected plant units by spraying 20 infected shoots at 23-26 ° C in quadruplicate. The tested pests were the red fruit spider mite (Panonychus ulmi), the apple leaf mite (Aculus schlechtendali) and the reddish redcurrant aphid (Cryptomysus ribis L.). The product was applied using a "Minipe" hand-held sprayer with a circulating nozzle pressure of 0.1 MPa. The evaluation was sometimes done by counting 50100 leaves.

Duration of treatment (days) Efficiency (%) P. ulmi A. schlechtendali C. ribis against 3 76.1 39.2 58.9 7 74.3 40.4 91.4

Duration of treatment (days) Efficiency (%) P. ulmi A. schlechtendali C. ribis against 3 64.7 28.6 53.0 7 61.0 27.4 89.1

In the case of P. ulmi, the composition was satisfactory for the moving shapes, while it only weakened the resting individuals (eggs, chrysalis). The preparation showed only a thinning effect against A. schlechtendali, which is not sufficient to eradicate a strong apple leaf mite infection. There was a slower onset of the red blubber (Cryptomysus ribis L.) efficacy, which eventually approached drastic chemical agents.

No phytotoxic effects were observed after the treatments.

In the case of P. ulmi, the composition had acceptable action on the motifs, while it only weakened dormant individuals (eggs, chrysalis). The preparation showed only a thinning effect against A. schlechtendali, which is not sufficient to eradicate a strong apple leaf mite infection. There was a slower, but later satisfactory, efficacy against the red-purple currant (Cryptomysus ribis L.).

No phytotoxic effects were observed after the treatments.

Claims (3)

PATIENT INDIVIDUAL POINTS A method for preparing an aphicidic and acaricidal plant active ingredient and a phytoinecticide concentrate, wherein the mixture of plants in the Compositae, Umbelliferae, and Araliaceae 5 plants is present in an organic solvent extraction mixture at a weight ratio of 2: 1: 0 to 2: 0: 1. after filtration, stabilize with Na-ascorbate. A composition having an aphicidic and acaricidal effect, wherein the composition comprises 10% by volume of the concentrate prepared according to the method of claim 1 (0.9-1.1 g / l dry matter), and water and stabilizing additives. . 3. A method for controlling aphids and mites, wherein the composition of claim 2 is administered at a dose of 1503001 ha.