HU189009B - Method for planting woody-stalk plants - Google Patents

Description

(57) EXTRAS

The present invention relates to hydrophobic planting of woody plants. The process involves the preparation of a pit in a hydroforming machine with slow and / or fast action, up to 75% desired N, P ₂ O _S and K ₂ O macros and up to 10 s% desired Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and B micronutrient fertilizer compositions are dispersed and the propagation material is placed in the pit. Optionally, the drilling water may also contain high levels of organic and / or inorganic matter, soil disinfectant and / or antifungal pesticides, and compounds that control plant life processes, e.g. hormonal substances v. their precursors. Rooted or non-rooted plant propagation material may be used for planting. Preferably, poplar, willow, grapes, peaches, etc. can be installed according to the invention. plantations.

-1189 009

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for hydrophilic planting of woody plants by making a plantable pit with a hydroforming device, together with the drilling water, to regulate plant nutrients, plant life functions and the soil. a compound for plant protection purposes; composition, and soil improvers. Rooted or non-rooted propagation material is placed in the prepared installation pit. The method according to the invention can be used to successfully plant woody plants, e.g. poplar, willow, grapes, peaches and other fruits on any type of soil except for stony soils with large scale methods.

It is known that there are currently two methods of planting forests and orchards. One of the traditional methods of digging a 60 x 60 χ 60 cm pit is to place the propagation material in the pit, place the excavated soil around the propagation material, irrigate it and compact the soil. Another known method is a mechanical deep drilling process, in which a mechanical spiral drill is used to drill a hole into the soil, extracting loosened earth from the hole and placing it next to the hole. Organic fertilizers and / or fertilizers are added to the hole, the propagation material is placed, the soil is then compacted and the sapling is watered by placing it back around the propagation material. The disadvantage of the conventional procedure is the extremely high labor demand, resulting in cost and slowness. A disadvantage of the multi-step constitutes the mechanical deep-drill method is that the drill holes strongly compress the sides, and thus, after the propagation material pit into the ground ^must: be azítani and compacted around the seedling. Another disadvantage is the intensive wear of the drill bit spiral and the consequent costly, frequent drill bit replacement. The disadvantages of both known processes are low percentages of origin and low organic matter yields each year.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional known installation procedures, we have explored the possibility of developing new technology. Experiments were carried out with different plant propagation materials under different soil and climatic conditions. In forested areas, predominantly poor sandy soils ^15, which are unsuitable for arable or horticultural crop production due to low groundwater levels and poor nutrient supply capacity, we have found that planting at depths of approx. The content of 3 - 5 m long bud buds of poplar buds differ, ie they are not optimal for certain nutrients. This can be explained by the fact that planting up to groundwater level has improved the water supply of the plant and accelerated its development, however, the ²⁵ soil did not have the necessary nutrients to ensure the optimal nutrient level. The leaf test data of a 2-year-old poplar plantation with such an installation are given in Table 1 comparing the optimum values for the conventional plant and the plant stock planted with the hydrophore technology according to the invention. The data refer to leaf solids.

Table 1

Tápelemtaríalom optimum Traditional installation Hidrofúrásos installation Nitrogen s% 2.50 2.50 2.30 Phosphorus s% 0.25 0.24 0.19 Potassium s% 1:50 1.50 1.27 Calcium s% 1.70 1.80 2.00 Magnesium s% 0.40 0.37 0.39 Iron ppm 200 130 105 Manganese ppm 120 125 95 Zinc ppm 60 44 20 Copper pPM 15 11 8 Skin pPM 60 59 51 Molybdenum ppm 0.5 0.8 1.0

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Results similar to those in Table 1 are reported by foreign researchers, although in studies, vigorous plant growth was not caused by the amount of water used at will, but by strong nitrogen fertilization (VAGOOR, Lehrbuch Faer Pflanzenphysiologia, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1979. ppm 137 -138 and SOUCHELLI: Trace Elements in Agriculture Von Nostrand Reinhald Co., New York, 1969, pp. 201-209).

The experience accumulated during our many years of research has led to the goal of not only developing a planting method that is more advantageous than hitherto known, but also taking into account the factors important for the dynamic unity of the plant and its environment. - the harmonious combination of nutrient supply and plant protection adapted to the living conditions of the plant, particularly in the early stages of development following its origin. The hydrophore planting technology of the present invention is the result of this extensive experimental work, which is essential for modern large-scale forest and orchard plantations.

In carrying out the method according to the invention, the planting of the woody plants is accomplished by making a planting pit of 2-4 m depth, depending on the soil conditions and the plant to be planted, using a hydroforming device. A slow and / or fast acting fertilizer composition comprising up to 75% by weight of the desired proportions of N, P ₂ O _S and K ₂ O macronutrients and up to 10% by weight of Mg, Cu, Mn, It contains Zn, Fe and B micronutrients.

Optionally, organic matter with a high degree of comminution may be added to the drilling water for nutrient or soil improvement purposes, e.g. organic fertilizers and / or peat; and inorganic material of high purity for soil improvement, e.g. zeolitol, perlite, or other clay minerals. If necessary, pesticides having soil disinfectant activity, preferably phosphoric acid, thiophosphoric acid or dithiophosphoric ester derivatives, e.g. 0-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethyl-phosphonodithioate (DYFONATE), 2-chloro-3- (diethylamino) -1-methyl-3-oxo-l. - propanyl dimethyl phosphate (DIMECRON), 0,0 - diethyl-O- (2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate (DIAZINON), S - (2,5-dichlorophenylthiomethyl) - 0,0 diethyl phosphorodithioate (PHENKAPTON) ... etc.

Suitable fungicidal pesticides are, for example, triphenylone cellulose (BRESTAN) and / or zinc and / or manganese derivatives of dithiocarbamate (MANEB, MANCOZEB, ZINEB) ... etc.

To control plant life processes, hormone compounds may be added to the drilling water, e.g. gibberellin acid or derivatives thereof, auxin or cytokinin, respectively. cytokinin-like substances, and substances which are converted in the plant into a hormone-acting compound, e.g. precursors (methionine).

Place plant propagation material with or without root in a planting pit made of 3 to 4 bar of drilling water containing the necessary materials.

The advantage of the process according to the invention over the known processes is that, in one step, by mechanical means, the installation pit, application of nutrients, irrigation water and other materials (pesticides, soil improvers, regulators, etc.), compaction of the soil around the plant , the demand for manual labor is approx. 1/3, technology is fast and cheap to implement, making the method suitable for large scale plant installations. A further advantage is that the water in the drilled holes creates a slurry which encapsulates the inserted seedlings and secures them without any particular compaction. The slurry contains, in the desired quality, proportion and quantity, the materials necessary for the proper origin and development of the plant, which surround the underground part of the plant in a fairly large volume, evenly distributed, thus providing a long-lasting and consistent nutrient supply. In spite of the relatively high nutrient concentration, significant amounts of fertilizer can be saved, since there is no need for the entire planting area. "Stock fertilization", so efficient nutrient supply can be achieved with about 1/5 of the former.

A further advantage of using the method according to the invention is the simple, one-by-one solution to improve the local structure of poor quality soils. However, the main advantage of the process is that it can be successfully planted under soil conditions in forest and orchard areas, which was not possible or only very difficult with the previous methods. Finally, the advantage is that the rapidly developing healthy plant population reaches a state in which its utilization can begin, e.g. in the case of poplar plantations, the average 25-year-old crop rotation is reduced by at least half.

The process of the present invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

/. example

Comparative study of poplar plantation planted by mechanical deep drilling and hydrofore on poplar trees in 4 replicates at 5 x 3 m bonding distance on poorly humus soil with mechanical deep drilling and hydroforming using rootless propagation material. The comparative study of the plantation was carried out two years after the planting, the average results were calculated from the 2 nd figure of 1 m a zza.

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Table 2

virtues terms and % Tribe retraining measuring cm wood today- Gas- pany m organization ves material pro- duk- tion % For mechanical deep drilling 81 2.66 1.90 100 For hydroforming 94 2.76 2.02 114

Example 2

Comparative study of poplar plantation planted by hydroforming and hydroforming + plant nutrient application On poplar plots in 4 replicates at 5 x 3 m bonding distance, poplar tree was planted by hydroforming and hydroforming + plant nutrient application without root propagation material. A soil test was performed during installation and the results are shown in Table 3. The plant nutrient was administered in two doses (250 g / l and 500 g / l), the nutrient components, the water solubility of the components and the nutrient contents are shown in Table 4. The plantation survey was continued for 4 years from planting. The mean annual test results are shown in Table 5. After two years from installation, leaf dry matter values were determined and the results are shown in Table 6.

Table 3

Test Feature Value pH 7.5 bound 30 CaCO ₃ s% 5.0 Humus s% 0.88 NO ₂ + NO ₃ ppm 1.6 P ₂ O ₃ ppm 101 K ₂ O ppm 112 mg pPM 56 So ppm 39 Zn ppm 5.2 Cu ppm 5.7 Mn ppm 16.1 row ppm 5.1

Table 4

Designation of the fertilizer component Vízoidhalósága 20 'C is s% nutrient name; I have a battery. s% (fertilizer composition) Urea formaldehyde 10 ' ² - 10 ¹ Nitrogen 20 cond. potassium Chloride dissolves well P ₂ O _S K ₂ O 11 14 Potassium magnesium phosphate 10 " ² -10 ' mg 4 Copper-ammonium phosphate 10 ³ - 10 ' ² Cu 0.4 Manganese ammonium phosphate 10 ' ³ -10 ² Mn 0.2 Zinc ammonium phosphate 10 ~ ³ - 10 ' ² Zn 0.1 Ferric ammonium phosphate 10 ' ³ - 10 ^-2 Fe 0.35 Boric acid dissolves well B 0.05

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Table 5 Time elapsed after installation Vegetable nutrients dose g / tree Torso diameter cm Tree height cm Organic matter prod. % One year 0 (control) 1.06 99.8 100 250 1.10 95.9 105 500 1.24 95.8 110 Two years 0 (control) 2.72 202.8 100 250 2.88 213.1 118 500 2.97 219.4 129 3 years 0 (control) 5.35 351.0 100 250 5.75 375.0 123 500 5.99 379.0 130 4 years 0 (control) 9.26 543.0 100 250 10.57 592.0 142 500 10.89 595.0 152

Table 6 nutrient name 0 g / tree dose (control) Nutrient content in dry leaf 250 g / tree dose 500 g / tree dose Nitrogen 2.79s% 3.00% 2.79s% Phosphorus 0.19 s% 0.19 s% 0.19 s% Potassium 1.57 s% 1.64s% 1.62 s% ca 2.21 s% 2.11 s% 2.10 s% mg 0.39 s% 0.40 s% 0.44 s% Fe 94.7 ppm 96.7 ppm 107.5 ppm Mn 95.0 ppm 89.0 ppm 91.7 ppm Zn 19.5 ppm 21.9 ppm 23.5 ppm Cu 7.8 ppm 9.8 ppm 9.0 ppm B 51.0 ppm 56.0 ppm 62.0 ppm Mo 1.1 ppm 1.3 ppm 1.5 ppm

Example 3

Investigation of insecticidal and fungicidal effect on poplar plantations planted with hydrofore

Poplar trees were planted on humus-sand soil as in Example 2. During the installation, soil, insect and fungus surveys were performed. The area was infected with Anoxia sp (steppe bug) and Cystospora chrysosperma (Pers) (summer bark ulcer). For the control of the insect pest, 30 g of active ingredient / tree was used in O-ethyl-S-phenylethylphosphorodithioate (DYFONATE) and 1.5 g of active ingredient / tree in triphenylone acetate (BRESTAN).

The experiments were also carried out by mixing the fertilizer composition of Example 2 in drilling water in addition to the insecticide + fungicide at a dose of 100 g / tree.

The results of the soil test at the time of installation are shown in Table 7, and the experimental evaluation data after 1 year of installation are presented in Table 8.

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Table 7

Feature tested: Value: pH 7.5 bound 32 CaCO ₃ s% 6.4 Humus s% 1.47 NO ₂ + NO ₃ pPM 2.3 p ₂ o ₅ pPM 110 K ₂ O pPM 150 mg pPM 39 So pPM 18 Zn pPM 5.6 Cu pPM 3.2 Mn ppm 8.6 sof pPM 7.8

Table 8

Treatment method: P. Chrysanthemum infection% Bacterial ulcer infection% 1 2 3 4 Average 1 2 3 4 Average Dyfonate + Brestan 1 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 Dyfonate + Brestan + fertilizer 1 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 Untreated control 7.25 3 7 6 1 4.25 10 9 4 6 7

Example 4 ⁹ - Table

Effect of addition of high level of inorganic matter (manganese sludge, IJ well) on poplar plantations planted with hydrofore

On slightly sandy sandy soil, poplar trees were planted in accordance with Example 2 at ₅ θ. A soil test was carried out during installation and the data are shown in Table 9. In order to evaluate the effect of manganese sludge in the experiment, manganese sludge from Orkút was added at a dose of 500 g / tree. In a further experiment, the efficacy of the fertilizer composition of Example 2 at 125 g / tree in manganese sludge was investigated. The experiment was evaluated 1 year after installation and results are shown in Table 10.

Feature tested: Value:

PH 7.6 bound 30 CaCO ₃ s% 4.2 Humus s% 0.9 NO ₂ + NO ₃ pPM 1.4 P ₂ O ₅ pPM 78 K, 0 pPM 86 mg pPM 55 So pPM 36 Zn pPM 5.8 Cu pPM 1.2 Mn ppm 10.5 row pPM 5.0

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Table 10

Trunk diameter mm Tree height cm Organic

Treatment Average Average material

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 prod. % manganese Mud 9.9 10.3 10.2 10.4 10.15 97 98 97 98 97.5 106.3 Manganese slurry + fertilizer 10.3 10.8 10.9 10.6 10.65 99 97 98 99 98.25 114.4 Untreated control 9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 102 95 96 99 98 100

Example 5

Effect of addition of high level of organic matter (organic 20 manure) on poplar plantations planted with hydrofore

The experiments were carried as described in Example 4 with the same soils carried az- ²⁵ zal the difference that was mixed with crushed high grade 3 liters / tree with dilute manure instead of the manganese in the drilling mud water. The experiment was evaluated 1 year after installation and the data was all. Table.

Example 6

Effect of hormone compound administration on hydrophore planted poplar plantations

The experiment was carried out on the same soil as described in Example 4, except that the hormone compound gibberellin was added to the drilling water at a dose of 0.05 g / l instead of manganese slurry.

The experiment was evaluated 1 year after installation and the data are shown in Table 12.

Table 11

Method of treatment Torso diameter mm Average wood 1 height cm Average Organic matter prod% 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 slurry 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.55 100 99 101 100 100 103 Slurry + fertilizer 10.8 10.3 10.6 10.6 10.6 102 98 99 100 99.75 111.4 Untreated control 9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 102 95 96 99 98 100

Table 12

Treatment way Torso diameter mm Average wood 1 height cm Average Organic matter prod. % 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 Gibberella 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.5 103 101 103 102 102.25 104.3 Gibberelin + fertilizer 10.6 10.8 10.6 10.7 10.6 101 99 99 100 99.75 113.6 Untreated control 9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 102 95 96 99 98 100

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Example 7

Comparative study of vineyards planted with hydroforming and hydroforming + plant nutrient supply

Vineyards were planted on humus-sandy soil, with 20 or less per root of the hydrofore water. The fertilizer composition of Table 4 was mixed at 40 g / t. The experiment was evaluated 1 year after installation, and the average 200-200 strain data are shown in Table 13.

Example 8

Comparative examination of peach plantation planted by hydroforming and hydroforming + plant nutrient supply

We planted peaches at a depth of 100 cm on central loam soils, with 40 g / tree and 40 g / l of hydrofluoric water, respectively. Artificial fertilizer composition (80 g / tree, Table 4) was mixed. The experiment was evaluated 2 years after installation, and the average data for 150-150 trees is shown in Table 14.

Table 13

Method of treatment getting rooted % Drive diameter mm Drive length. mm Letter weight g / plant Organic material prod. % 20 g / t fertilizer 96 5.13 733 81.73 115.7 40 g / t fertilizer 95 5.19 771 85.39 127.1 treatment control. 94 4.92 683 66.28 100

Table 14

Organic material

Method of treatment % Of origin Body diameter mm prod. % 40 g / wood fertilizer 83 35.7 116 80 g / wood fertilizer 87 38.9 126 Untreated control 64 30.8 100 Patent claims macronutrient and up to 10 s% of the required proportions of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, and B micronutrients.

1. Procedure for hydrophilic planting of woody plants

Claims (10)

1. A method for hydrophilic planting of woody plants, characterized in that the hydrophore planting pit, together with the drilling water, comprises plant nutrients, optionally a high level of organic and / or inorganic matter, soil disinfectant and / or fungicidal pesticide and / or and the propagation material is placed in a telepathic pit. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the plant nutrient is a N, P ₂ O ₅ cs K ₂ O fertilizer composition of up to 75% by weight. 3. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plant moth elements are applied in the form of a slow and / or fast acting fertilizer composition. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter is high organic matter and / or peat. 5. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a high degree of comminution Minerals, preferably zeolite, perlite, or other clay minerals are used as inorganic materials at 189,009 degrees. 6. A process according to claim 1, wherein the soil disinfectant is preferably a phosphoric acid, a thiophosphoric acid or a dithiophosphoric acid ester derivative. 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fungicidal pesticides are preferably triphenylone acetate and / or dithiocarbamate zinc and / or manganese derivatives. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hormone compound is preferably gibberellic acid, or a derivative, auxin, or cytokinin, or gibberellic acid. cytokinin-like ve5. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound which is converted into a hormone substance in the plant is preferably amino acids. 10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the installation pit is rooted or non-rooted.