GB2152492A - Process for planting of woody stem plants by hydroboring - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for planting of woody stem plants by hydroboring, wherein a planting hole is prepared by means of a hydroboring apparatus, slow- and/or quick-acting fertilizer composition containing up to 75% of wt. of N, P2O5 and K2O macro nutritive elements and up to 10% wt. of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and B micro nutritive elements in desired ratio are admixed with the boring water and the reproducer is placed into the planting hole. The boring water may optionally contain fine-crushed organic and/or inorganic substance, soil-disinfectants and/or fungicides or different compounds controlling the plants' processes. e.g. compounds with hormonic activity or their precursors. For the plantation rooted or rootless reproducers can be used. According to the process of the invention different woody stem plants e.g. poplars, willows, vines, peaches etc. can successfully be planted.

Description

SPECIFICATION Process for planting of woody stem plants The present invention relates to a process for planting of woody stem plants by hydroboring, wherein the planting hole is prepared by a hydroboring apparatus and plant nutrients, different compounds and compositions controlling the plant's vital processes or plant protecting agents as well as substances for amelioration admixed with the boring water are applied to the soil.

Into the hole thus prepared rooted or rootless propagation materials /reproducers/ are placed. According to the process of the invention different woody stem plants e.g. poplar, wilow, vine, peach and other types of fruits can successfully be planted by large-scale industrial methods into any type of soils except stony soils.

Background of the invention It is well known that planting of forests and fruit-gardens is carried out by two methods. One of these methods is the traditional process wherein a hole is dug of the size of 60x60x60 cm, the reproducer is placed into the hole, the soil dug out is replaced around the reproducer, it is watered and finally the soil is compacted. The other method is the mechanical deep drilling method, wherein the planting hole is prepared by means of a twist deep borer which lifts out the loosened soil from the hole and places it beside it. Into the hole thus obtained organic fertilizer and/or fertilizer are added, the reproducer is placed into it, the soil is compacted by replacing same around the reproducer and the young sapling is watered.

It is a drawback of the traditional process that it is extraordinarily labour-consuming and consequently expensive and slow. The drawback of the mechanical deep driling method consisting of several work-phases is that the twist drill compacts the sides of the hole, thus subsequent to the placing of the reproducer into the hole the soil has to be broken up and has to be compacted around the sapling. An additional drawback is the intensive wear of the bit edge and consequently the frequent and expensive change of the bit. A further drawback is in case of both known processes the low ratio of plants taking root and the annual low yield of crops.

In order to eliminate the drawbacks of the known methods mentioned above we have investigated the possibilities of the development of a new technology and we have made a series of experiments on different types of soils and under different weather conditions employing different types of reproducers. In case of predominantly bad, sandy soils assigned for forest plantation which soils are unsuited for field and horticultural husbandary due to the low water table and the insufficient nutrient supply, we have found that the nutritive element content of the leaves of 3-5 m tall poplar cuttings with crown buds - planted in a depth of 2-4 m - does not reach the optimal values regarding certain elements.The reason for this is that by carrying out the planting up to the water table the water supply of the plant becomes more favourable, the plant grows more quickly but the soil does not contain sufficient nutrients to ensure the optimum nutrient level. The test data of a 2 year old poplar plantation are given in Table 1. The test data relate to plants planted by traditional technology as well as by the process of the invention and both are compared with the optimum values. The data relate to leaf-dry substance.

TABLE 1 Nutritive element Optimum Planting content value with traditional with hydroboring process process Nitrogen % by wt 2.50 2.50 2.30 Phosphorus %bywt 0.25 0.24 0.19 Potassium % bywt 1.50 1.50 1.27 Calcium % by wt 1.70 1.80 2.00 Magnesium % by wt 0.40 0.37 0.39 Iron ppm 200 130 105 Manganese ppm 120 125 95 Zinc ppm 60 44 20 Copper ppm 15 11 8 Boron ppm 60 59 51 Molybdenum ppm 0.5 0.8 1.0 Different researchers described similar results but in the course of their investigations the intensive growth of the plants was not due to the optional amount of used water but the great amount of nitrogen-fertilizer/Vagoor, Lehrbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie, VEB Gustav Verlag Jena 1979. pp. 137-138; and Souchelli: Trace-elements in agriculture, Von Nostran Beinhald Co., New York 1969. pp.201-209/.

On the basis of our wide-spread experiences the purpose of this invention is not only to develop a more advantageous process than the known methods but to develop a complex planting technology which takes into account all parameters having importance from point of view of the dynamic unity of plant and its environment and which technology produces harmony between the plant protection and nutriation adjusted to the plant's vital processes during the whole vegetation period particularly during the growing period just after taking root. The planting process by hydroboring according to the invention is the result of our wide-spread experimental work and it offers a great help in the large scale industrial planting of forest and fruit garden.

Detailed description of the invention According to the process of the invention for planting of woody stem plants a planting hole is prepared by hydroboring apparatus of a deepness of 2-4 m depending on soil quality and type of plant to be planted.

Previously slow- or quick-acting fertilizer compositios containing the necessary nutrients are dispersed in the boring water. These compositions contain up to 75 % by weight of N, P2O5 and K2O as macro-nutritive elements and up to 10 % by weight of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and B as micro-nutritive elements in the desired ratio.

The boring water may optionally contain fine-crushed organic substances e.g. organic fertilizer and/or turf to increase the nutrient content and for amelioration, it may also contain fine-crushed inorganic substances e.g. zeolite, pearlite or other types of mineral clays. If desired soil- desinfectants, preferably phosphorus acid-, thiophosphorous acid- or dithiophosphorous acid-ester-derivatives, e.g. O-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethyl phosphonodithioate /DYFONATE/, 2-chloro-3-/-diethyla mino/-l -methyl-3-oxo-1 -propanyl-dimethyl- phosphate IDIMECRONI O,O-diethyl-O-/2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyll-phosphorothioate /DIAZINON/, S-/2,5-dichlorophenylthiomethyl-O,O-diethyl-phosphorodithioate /PHENKAPTON/, etc. may also be mixed into the boring water.

As fungicides triphenyl-stannic acetate IBRESTANI and/or zinc- or manganese dithiocarbamate derivatives IMANEB, MANCOZEB, ZINEB/, etc. can preferably be mixed into the boring water.

For controlling the plant's vital processes, if desired different compounds having hormonic activity /e.g.

gibberellinic acid or its derivatives, auxin or cytoquinine or cytoquinine-like substances/, or compounds being transformed into such compounds in the plant/e.g. precursors, methioninl may also be added to the boring water.

The rooted or rootless reproducers are placed into the planting hole prepared by using boring water of 3-4 bar pressure containing all the necessary substances mentioned above.

The advantage of the process according to the invention compared with the known methods is that it can be carried out quickly and economically since the preparation of the planting hole, the addition of nutrients, water and other substances /plant protectives, soil-ameliorating materials, regulators etc.l, the compacting of the soil around the plant are made in a single step by using mechanical power and the demand of physical work is reduced to one third. A further advantage of the process of the invention is that the water in the bored hole produces a sludge-bed which surrounds the sapling and fixes it without any specific compacting operation.The sluge-bed contains every material in desired quality and quantity necessary to the sufficient taking roots and growing of the plant and surrounds the underground part of the plant in a fairly large volume and in uniform distribution thus solving the constant and uniform nutrient-supply harmonizing with the vital processes in the long run. Despite of the relative high nutrient concentration considerable amount of fertilizer can be economized since there is no need for the so called "reserve fertilization" of the whole plantation area and the effective nutrient supply can be solved with the one fifth part of the earlier amount.

Further advantage of the process of the invention is that the local amelioration of soil of bad quality can simply be realized simultaneously with the planting. The most important advantage of the process is that the planting of forests and fruit-gardens can be carried out under such conditions under which it was impossible or complicated when using the known methods. As an advantage the fact can finally be mentioned that, the healthy, rapidly growing plant stock can earlier achieve the state, when it can be utilized, e.g. in case of poplar the felling rotation /in average 25 years is reduced at least to one half.

The invention is illustrated by the following, non-limiting examples.

Example 1 Comparative test of poplar plantations planted by mechanical deep-boring and by hydroboring On an area of 1 ha of weakly humic soil poplars are planted in 4 repetitions at a square-distance of 5x3 m from one another by mechanical deep-boring and by hydroboring using rootless reproducers. The comparative test of the plantations was carried out 2 years after the planting. The average results are summarized in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Taking Stem-diameter Height of Production of roots Icml trees Iml organic /%/ substances /%/ Mechanical deep-boring 81 2.66 1.90 100 Hydroboring 94 2.76 2.02 114 Example 2 Comparative test ofpoplarplantations planted by hydroboring and hydroboring + addition ofplant nutrients On an area of 1 ha of weakly humic soil poplars are planted in 4 repetitions at a square-distance of 5x3 m from one another by hydroboring and hydroboring + addition of plant nutrients, using rootless reproducers.

At the time of the planting soil-examinations were carried out, the results thereof are summarized in Table 3.

The plant nutrients were added in two different doses /250 gltree and 500 g/tree/. The different components of the nutrients as well as the water-solubility and the nutritive-element content thereof are summarized in Table 4. The examination of the plantations has been carried out for 4 years starting from the planting. The average test results in every year are summarized in Table 5. The nutritive element content of the leaves was determined two years after the planting, the results thereof are summarized in Table 6.

TABLE 3 Tested parameters Values pH 7.5 Heaviness 30 CaCO3 % by wt 5.0 Humus % by wt 0.88 NO2 + NO3 ppm 1.6 P205 ppm 101 K2O ppm 112 Mg ppm 56 Na ppm 39 Zn ppm 5.2 Cu ppm 5.7 Mn ppm 16.1 S04 2- ppm 5.1 TABLE 4 Components of Solubility at Nutritive Nutritive the fertilizer 20"C % by wt elements element content in the fertilizer % by wt Urea-formaldehide 10--10-1 Nitrogen 20 cond.

P2O5 11 Potassium chloride good K2O 14 Potassium magnesium phosphate 10-2- lO-1 Mg 4 Culpric ammonium phosphate 10- -10- Cu 0.4 Manganese ammonium phosphate 10-3-10-2 Mn 0.2 Zinc ammonium phosphate 10-3-10-2 Zn 0.1 Iron ammonium phosphate 10- -10- Fe 0.35 Boric acide good B 0.05 TABLE 5 Time after Nutrient dose Stem diameter Height of Production the planting gltree /cm/ trees of organic /cm/ substances/%/ 1 year 0/control/ 1.06 99.8 100 250 1.10 95.9 105 500 1.24 95.8 110 2 years 0 /control/ 2.72 202.8 100 250 2.88 213.1 118 500 2.97 219.4 129 3 years 0/control/ 5.35 351.0 100 250 5.75 375.0 123 500 5.99 379.0 130 4 years 0/control/ 9.26 543.0 100 250 10.57 592.0 142 500 10.89 595.0 152 TABLE 6 Nutritive Nutritive element content in the dry leaves elements 0 g/tree 250 gitree 500 gltree Nitrogen 2.79 % by wt 3.00 % by wit 2.79 % by wt Phosphorous 0.19 % by wt 0.19 % by wt 0.19 % by wt Potassium 1.57 % by wt 1.64 % by wt 1.62 % by wt Ca 2.21 % by wt 2.11 % by wt 2.10 % by wt Mg 0.39 % by wt 0.40 % by wt 0.44 % by wt Fe 94.7 ppm 96.7 ppm 107.5 ppm Mn 95.0 ppm 89.0 ppm 91.7 ppm Zn 19.5 ppm 21.9ppm 23.5 ppm Cu 7.8 ppm 9.8 ppm 9.0 ppm B 51.0 ppm 56.0 ppm 62.0 ppm Example 3 Examination of insecticidal and fungicidal activity on poplar plantations planted by hydroboring According to Example 2 poplars are planted on humic soil. At the time of the planting soil test was carried out and the degree of infection by insects and fungis was determined.The area was infected by Anoxia pilosa and Cytospora chrysosperma. The pesticide contains O-ethyl-S-phenylethyl-phosphorodithioate /DYFONATE/ as active ingredient/applied dose: 30 g active ingredient/tree/, the fungicide contains triphenyl stannic acetate /BRESTAN/ as active ingredient/applied dose: 1.5 g active ingredient/tree/. A third experiment was carried out by mixing a fertilizer composition according to Example 2 into the boring water together with the insecticide and fungicide.

The results of the soil tests carried out at the same time on the planting are given in Table 7, the test results obtained one year after the planting are summarized in Table 8.

TABLE 7 Tested parameters Values pH 7.5 Heaviness 32 CaCO3%bywt 6.4 Humus % bywt 1.47 NO2 + NO3 ppm 2.3 P205 ppm 110 K2O ppm 150 Mg ppm 39 Na ppm 18 Zn ppm 5.6 Cu ppm 3.2 Mn ppm 8.6 SO4- ppm 7.8 TABLE 8 Treatment Infection by Infection by Anoxia pilosa /%/ Cytospora chrysosperma 7 2 3 4 Average 1 2 3 4 Average Dyfonate + Brestan 1 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 Dyfonate + Brestan + 0 1 0 0 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 Fertilizer Control 3 7 6 1 4.25 10 9 4 6 7.25 Example 4 Effect of fine-crushed inorganic substance addition Imanganese mud from Urkutl on poplar planted by hydroboring Poplars are planted on weakly humic soil according to Example 2. At the time of the planting soil test was carried out the results of which are summarized in Table 9.In order to examine the effect of manganese mud it was added in an amount of 500 g/tree. In the course of another experiment the activity of the fertilizer composition according to Example 2 /in an amount of 125 gltree / together with the manganese mud was examined. The experiments were evaluated one year after the planting. The results are summarized in Table 10.

TABLE 9 Tested parameters Values pH 7.6 Heaviness 30 CaCO3 % by wt 4.2 Humus% bywt 0.9 NO2 + NO3ppm 1.4 P205 ppm 78 K2O ppm 86 Mg ppm 55 Na ppm 36 Zn ppm 5.8 Cu ppm 1.2 Mn ppm 10.5 SO4- ppm 5.0 TABLE 10 Treatment Stem diameter lmml Average Height of trees lcml Average Production of 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 organic sub stance /%/ Manganese mud 9.9 10.3 10.2 10.4 10.16 97 98 97 98 97.5 106.3 Manganese mud + fertilizer 10.3 10.8 10.9 10.6 10.65 99 97 98 99 98.25 114.4 Control 9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 102 95 96 99 98 100 TABLE 11 Treatment Stem diameter lmml Average Height of trees lcml Average Production of 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 organic sub stance /%/ Organic fertilizer 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.55 100 99 101 100 100 103 Organic fertilier + 10.8 10.3 10.6 10.6 10.6 102 98 99 100 99.75 111.4 fertilizer Control 9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 102 95 96 99 98 100 Example 5 Effect of fine crushed organic substance addition lorganic fertilizerl on plantation ofpoplars planted by hydroboring The experiment was carried out according to Example 4 but organic fertilizer in an amount of 3 liter/tree was used instead of manganese mud, admixed with the boring water. The experiment was evaluated one year after the plantation, the results are summarized in Table 11.

Example 6 Effect of addition of compounds with hormonic activity on poplar plantations planted by hydroboring The experiment was carried out according to Example 4, but a compound with hormone active agent /gibberellinl in an amount of 0.05 g/tree instead of manganese mud was used and mixed into the boring water.

The experiment was evaluated one year after the planting, the results thereof are summarized in Table 12 TABLE 12 Treatment Stem diameter lmml Average Height of trees lcml Average Production of 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 organic sub stance/%/ Gibberellin 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.5 103 101 103 102 102.25 104.3 Gibbereilin + fertilizer 10.6 10.8 10.6 10.7 10.6 101 99 99 100 99.75 113.6 Control 9.2 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.5 102 95 96 99 96 100 TABLE 13 Treatment Taking roots Shoot-diameter Shoot-length Weight of feaves Production of /%/ lmmt lmml glstock organic sub stance /%/ 20 g/stock fertilizer 96 5.13 733 81.73 115.7 40 g/stock fertilizer 95 5.19 771 85.39 127.1 Control 94 4.92 683 66.28 100 Example 7 Comparative test of vine-plantations planted by hydroboring and by hydroboring + addition ofplant nutrients Vine is planted on humic sandy soil by mixing a fertilizer composition into the boring water in an amount of 20 and 40 g/vine-stock, respectively. The experiment was evaluated one year after the planting. the average values of 200-200 vine-stocks are summarized in Table 13.

Example 8 Comparative test ofpeach plantations planted by hydroboring and by hydroboring + addition of plant nutrients Peach trees are planted on middle-hard adobe-soil 100 cm deep by mixing a fertilizer composition according to Table 4 into the boring water in an amount of 40 g/tree and 80 g/tree, respectively. The experiment was evaluated one year after the planting, the results are summarized in Table 14.

TABLE 14 Treatment Taking roots Stem diameter Production of 1%1 Imml organic substances 1%1 40 g/tree fertilizer 83 35.7 116 80 g/tree fertilizer 87 38.9 126 Control 64 30.8 100

Claims (11)

1. Process for planting of woody stem plants by hydroboring, which comprises placing into the planting hole prepared by hydroboring apparatus, plant nutrients, optionally fine-crushed organic and/or inorganic substances, soil disinfectant and/or fungicides and/or compounds of hormone activity or precursors thereof admixed with the boring water and placing the reproducers into the planting hole.

2. Process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using fertilizer compositions as plant nutrients containing up to 75 % by wt of N, P205 and K2O macro-nutritive elements and up to 10% by wt of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe and B micro-nutritive elements in desired ratio.

3. Process as claimed in claims 1 to 2, which comprises using the plant nutritive elements in form of slow- and/or quick-acting fertilizer compositions.

4. Process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using organic fertilizers and/or turf as fine-crushed organic fertilizers.

5. Process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using zeolite, pearlite or other types of mineral clays as fine-crushed inorganic substances.

6. Process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using phosphoric acid-, thiophosphoric acid-esterderivatives as soil desinfectants.

7. Process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using triphenyl stannic acetate and/or zinc- and/or manganese-dithiocarbamates as fungicides.

8. Process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using gibberellinic acid or gibberellinic acidderivatives, auxin or cytoquinine or cytoquinine-like compounds as compounds of hormone activity.

9. Process as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using amino acids as compounds being transformed into compounds with hormone activity in the plant.

10. Process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, which comprises placing rooted or rootless reproducer into the planting hole.

11. A process as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described in any one of Examples 1 to8.