HU182788B - Method for producing easily skippable building units of improved surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the production of concrete, gypsum, anhydrite and gas concrete components in formwork, matrices and molds made of wood, steel or plastic materials. The object of the invention is to reduce the after-treatment costs of the components by a slight de-scaling, to avoid environmental pollution and skin diseases and to make the manufacturing process of the components rational and cost-effective. The object of the invention, by a single treatment of a mold or formwork part, to allow multiple occupancy by components having an improved surface structure, is thereby guaranteed by applying a stable film to a forming part. The stable film consists of a Montanwachsemulsion with a content of 6 to 30 Gew.T. Montan wax, 1 to 7 parts by weight Emulsifier, an ethylene oxide adduct based on alkylphenol and / or Aethylenoxidaddukt longer fatty acids and water, supplementing 100 Gew.T. with the addition of paraffin, polyethylene wax and their anoxidates.

Description

The object of the present invention is to reduce the cost of post-treatment of building elements after formwork, to improve surface quality, to eliminate environmental contamination, and to eliminate the leaching of the skin of construction workers, and to make the production rationally and cheaply.

This task is achieved by one or more coating of the concrete contacting surface of the shutter, which results in an improved surface material structure, resulting in a film-forming layer on the surface of the building elements. This molded film is formed by applying a montan wax emulsion containing 6 to 30 parts by weight of montan wax, 1 to 7 parts by weight of an emulsifier, and addition of alkylphenol and / or long-chain fatty acids and water-based ethylene oxide to 100 parts by weight of paraffin, polyethylene wax and .

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of prefabricated building elements with improved surfaces, in particular reinforced concrete building elements, which can be prefabricated with large-scale formwork at the factory site or at the construction site during a monolithic process.

It is known that large-format building elements of improved surface finish, joined together at the joints of the shutters, are joined with materials based on mineral oil-based bitumen and paraffin-in-oil and wax-paraffin emulsions / see 92 990 and 124 4 / Patent No. 7 in the German Democratic Republic.

When using low viscosity mineral oil, which is used especially in the production of concrete elements, it is common for vertical building elements to * cause a malfunction in the upper part of the building, thereby liquefying the oil at higher internal temperatures. At the same time, the surface of the building elements joined by the shutter, which is based on a mineral oil binder, deteriorates in quality, because its surface produces more pores than allowed.

Mineral coatings also cause adverse effects on the price environment, such as groundwater contamination. However, in addition, residual oily material will adversely affect post-construction post-treatment, such as painting, wallpapering and cleaning. The wax / paraffin dispersions are generally mixed phase dispersions and may therefore be stored for a limited time only.

The low dispersion rate of the mixed phase dispersions, even when using a gasoline-based solvent, is a serious disadvantage when applying the substance to the surface. When using the coarse dispersed coating material, the film between the surfaces separating the building elements will be uneven and consequently the surface quality of the building elements will be unsatisfactory.

Coating material containing volatile and flammable materials between adhering surfaces is highly flammable, especially where the room is used for permanent storage. In addition, the cost of producing these materials is relatively high.

German Patent No. 1,028,037 to Asarna discloses a demolition material containing, in addition to other conventional oils, technical crude montane resin. It is apparent from this patent that construction professionals have already used montane wax for selection, but have also found that montane wax forms a coarse, flaking film on the formwork, whereas the oil emulsions used for formwork, which contain monan wax, loose pastes.

It is also known that these types of formwork materials have many disadvantages, such as short-term storage, inadequate binding capacity, induction of skin diseases and environmental pollution. Particularly in heated vertical shapes, these petroleum-containing materials tend to flake out of them, thereby reducing the film layer between building elements. This phenomenon occurs because they increase their heat content during heating, thus decreasing the viscosity of the oil and, consequently, reducing the film thickness to 2182.788.

If the fresh concrete is now filled between the vertical shutters, the film is interrupted, particularly in the upper part of the formwork. The direct consequence of this is that the concrete adheres to the side of the formwork and it clumps together, but the resulting lumps are already difficult to remove from the formwork. When montan wax, θ, and an emulsifier, such as alkylphenol, are used, the viscosity of the oil increases, but in other respects, the softening point of the montan wax is reduced to such an extent that the film applied to the heated form liquefies and becomes tacky. With these known formwork materials, several layers cannot be applied to the inner wall of the formwork as described above. Moreover, these materials leave behind material compacting on the concrete surface, which in turn negatively affects the further construction process. A further disadvantage of the known process is its high energy consumption. Thus, it is more expensive to achieve at least a satisfactory quality.

Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide improved surface finishes that are easy to form, so that the after-treatment costs of the building elements can be reduced, but maintenance and repair costs can be reduced, environmental contamination and skin diseases at work, and fire - and danger of explosion. We can counteract the damage caused by long-term storage, which can occur at both construction and prefabrication sites. Finally, it becomes possible to produce the material required for the formwork.

The process according to the invention therefore has the task of guaranteeing, in the simplicity of the process, the application of a multilayer formwork, which is carried out in a simple operation step, by applying a montane wax to the process, thereby improving the surface of the building element. avoid contamination of groundwater and use formwork that does not cause dermatological disease, which allows easy work at the site of pre-fabrication, decoupling this work from temperature, and avoids formwork adherence that can be stored for longer than conventional Known formwork materials.

According to the present invention, this object has been solved by applying a process comprising applying to the inner surface of the formwork by spraying or lubrication a layer consisting of an aqueous solution of a finely dispersed nontanvia emulsion. The proportion of montan wax in this emulsion is 6 to 30, preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight, 1 to 7 parts by weight, preferably 3-5 parts by weight of emulsifier, the components being added to 100 parts by weight of water. Preferably the emulsifier sulfur is alkylphenol and derivatives of fatty acid ethylene oxide.

. The application of the montan wax emulsion, after the water has evaporated, forms a film on the shutter and the wall of the building element, which solidifies so that a smooth, smooth layer is formed on the walls of the building elements, allowing easy removal of the formwork.

The post-treatment of the concrete wall thus formed - that is, its wallpapering, painting and cleaning - is completely trouble-free. If the shutter is made of heatable material, so

Remnants of material appear on the walls of -3182,788, which allows the application of multiple coats.

When using montan wax emulsion, soil contamination must not occur as the montan wax hardly binds to the rock in the ground. Two versions of Montan wax emulsion were found to be suitable. The method of the first embodiment is mainly used for the production of concrete elements which are subjected to heat treatment. The montan wax emulsion is then sprayed uniformly from the pressurized container to the entire wall of the shutter.

The second embodiment is 30η when, in accordance with the monolithic construction method, the normal hardening of the concrete should be taken into account. The wall of the shutter used is then smeared with montan wax emulsion or sprayed with montan wax emulsion.

Execution examples

Example 1

The montan wax emulsion was prepared by heating 85 parts of water and 3 parts of emulsion emulsion to 371 ° K, followed by addition of 12 parts of solid montan wax. This emulsion is then rapidly cooled to below 323 ° K and the emulsion is then complete. The steel formwork wall is then coated with this emulsion, for example by means of a device from which the material is applied at a pressure of 300 kPa to the formwork wall. A surface area of 0.07 liters is calculated per square meter. The shuttering means the temperature of 350 K. ^Ü applied this method to the material surface quality was very good.

Example 2

The montan wax emulsion of Example 1 was applied by spraying at a pressure of 300 kPa (0.07 liters / square meter) on a sheet steel sheet heated to 310 ° K.

The shuttering and the concrete surface quality were impeccable.

3 «example.

10 parts by weight of montan wax, 10 parts by weight of glycerol and 3 parts by weight of emulsifier. These materials were then mixed in 75 parts by weight of water heated to 371 ° K and the resulting emulsion was cooled to below 323 ° K. The montan wax emulsion was spray-applied at a pressure of 680 kPa onto a surface of a shuttering mold heated to 315 ° K.

The formwork and the surface quality of the concrete were impeccable.

Example 4 ₍ A montan wax emulsion consisting of a portion of Montevia, a portion of emulsion of 4 parts, and a portion of water of 76 parts of water was prepared

As in Example 1, this emulsion was then spray-applied to the formwork wall.

The quality of the formwork and the surface of the concrete proved to be satisfactory.

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5 · Example

A montan wax emulsion according to the solution of Example 4 was spray-applied to the surface of a shuttering mold heated to 310 ° K. The application rate was 0.07 liters per square meter.

The formwork and the surface quality of the concrete were excellent.

Example 6

An emulsion of Example 12 was prepared from 12 parts of montan wax, 1 part of paraffin wax, 1.8 part of montan wax, 3.5 parts of emulsion emulsion, and 8 parts of 7 parts of water, then 0.08 liters / m 2 of this emulsion. It was applied at a pressure of kPa to the wall of a steel formwork heated to 350 ° K.

The formwork and the surface quality of the concrete have proved to be good.

7 · example

By the method of Example 2, 13.5 parts by weight of montan wax, 0.8 parts by weight of polyethylene wax, 3 parts by weight of anoxidized polyethylene wax, 0.7 parts by weight of rapeseed oil fatty acid,

We were prepared consisting of 3.7 parts of emulsifier and 81.0 _v aul aulyszázalék water each emulsion was applied by spraying at a pressure of 510 kPa for a damper heated to 315 ° K temperature steel material wall.

The formwork is excellent and the concrete surface quality is good.

Example 8

Following the method of Example 1, the emulsion of the amount and composition already mentioned in this Example was prepared and applied to a steel shutter wall previously heated to 310 ° K at 0.1 l / m2.

The emulsion was applied in three coats.

The surface quality of the formwork and the concrete has been excellent.

Example 9

A Montanwax emulsion was prepared. This emulsion contained 12 parts by weight of montan wax, 3 parts by weight of emulsion, 10 parts by weight of ethylene glycol and 75 parts by weight of water. The preparation was carried out according to the procedure of Example 2, and the resulting emulsion was applied to a wood-based formwork in an amount of 0.13 liters per square meter. Lubrication and drying of the material took place at ambient temperature.

The formwork is excellent and the surface quality of the concrete is good.

Example 10

In this embodiment, a plastic-coated shutter was used. A quantity of 0.09 liters / m 2 of montan wax emulsion was applied to the formwork wall in accordance with Example 3, Process d. The material was lubricated and dried at ambient temperature.

The quality of the formwork and the surface of the concrete proved to be very good.

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The film formed by the montan wax emulsion, because it contains hydrophilic components, has a very good sliding property on the surface of the concrete, so that the tendency of the concrete to solidify and the surface properties of the building elements could be greatly improved.

Claims (1)

A patent claim A process for producing improved, easily formable building elements by applying a formwork coating on a building site and / or a monolithic structure using a montane wax, montane resin and oxalochlorinated alkylenol, characterized by heating to a temperature of 260-360 ° K. or applying a montan wax emulsion layer from a pressurized container of 150-755 kPa, comprising 6 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight of montan wax * 1 to 7% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of enulgeators, alkylphenol and long chain fatty acid ethylene oxide; Comprised of 100 weights with paraffin, polyethylene wax, its anoxides, montane resin, long chain carbonic acid and emulsion, it contains a polyhydric alcohol, along with several layers of formwork. elületére.