HRP970643A2 - Lower part of the manhole and a mould for the production of lower parts of the manholes - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the lower part of a shaft made of concrete or a similar material, with a casing, with at least two openings provided in the casing and with a groove that connects these openings to each other, formed from protrusions in the base plate, whereby on the upward facing surface of the base plate, concentrically with axis of the lower part of the shaft, there are cone-shaped cavities at the base.

The lower parts of the shaft are integral parts of the shaft, they are construction designs for a drainage channel laid in the ground or a drainage channel for waste water laid in the ground. The shafts are primarily used for ventilation and irradiation, control, maintenance and cleaning and, if necessary, for the reception of waste water lifting devices, for connection, as well as for changing the direction, slope and diameter of the channel. The shafts are assembled from ring-shaped finished parts (made of concrete or the like) with connectors, where the lowest part of the shaft is the lower part of the shaft with the bottom. The lower parts of the shaft consist of a base plate (bottom), a groove, as well as an inlet and outlet opening at its ends.

The chute has a slope from the entrance to the exit, in order to prevent standing water in the chute of the lower part of the shaft, even when there is little water. There are shaft bottoms with a straight groove and shaft bottoms where the inlet and outlet are not diametrically opposite, resulting in an angled or bent groove. The grooves, which in the lower parts of the shaft connect the inlet opening with the outlet opening, are usually made subsequently in the finished, except for the groove in the lower part of the shaft, i.e. in the building element with the flat base plate facing upwards. This is not only a large expenditure of work, but also results in poor, non-monolithic construction of the lower part of the shaft.

The lower part of the shaft at the beginning of the described type is known from FR-2 623 536 A. In the case of the lower part of the shaft according to FR-2 623 536 A, the bottom surface of the lower part of the shaft facing upwards is conically shaped. In the bottom, projections are provided that form a groove, which lead to the openings in the wall of the lower part of the shaft. In the construction according to FR-2 623 536 A, the conical cavity is not a part of the groove, because it is created exclusively by projections leading to the openings. This creates - the same applies to the lower part of the shaft, which can be made in the form according to US-5 413 307 A - harmful edges in the area of the groove.

The fundamental task of the invention is to create such a lower part of the shaft, which can be made in one working phase and which has a suitably shaped groove between the inlet opening and the outlet opening, even when they do not lie diametrically opposite to each other with respect to the axis of the lower part of the shaft.

According to the invention, this task will be solved in the case of the lower part of the shaft of the type described above, so that the conical cavity of the lower part of the shaft together with the protrusions that go from it and towards the openings of the casing of the lower part of the shaft form the groove of the lower part of the shaft and that the lower part of the conical cavity lies on at the same height as the lowest point of the protrusions, which lead to the openings in the casing of the lower part of the shaft.

During the construction of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention, the conical cavity, since it reaches to the lowest point of the outlets, which lead to the supply openings and to the drainage openings, forms a groove together with them so that, unlike the current state of the art, the current of liquid passes without difficulty through the lower part of the shaft without disturbing edges. Despite this, the lower part of the shaft according to the invention can be made from concrete or sL at the same time, so that, according to the usual state of the art, the standard subsequent concreting of the gutter is unnecessary.

The lower part of the shaft according to the invention is marked in the embodiment by the fact that the cavity is flattened at its lowest part. In the case of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention, it can be alternatively and advantageously provided that the cavity at the lowest part is made curved. In addition to this embodiment, which has the advantage, an embodiment is also possible, in which it is provided that the cavity is continuously pointed at its lowest part.

If the cavity is curved at its lowest part, the advantage of this invention is that the radius of curvature of the lowest part of the cavity is as large as the radius of the inwardly lying end of the opening. Thus, negative changes in the shape and size of the cross-sections of the gutter are avoided. As usual, with the lower part of the shaft according to the invention, it is provided that the protrusions, which lead to the openings, including the central axis of the lower part of the shaft, pass radially. The production of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention is carried out particularly simply, if it is provided that the protrusions leading to the recess openings, in the form of grooves or grooves, are open upwards. The same advantage is provided by the design of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention, in which it is provided that the protrusions leading from the cavities to the openings in their upper part are limited by two mutually parallel, flat surfaces.

There are various possibilities for making projections that lead to openings in the casing of the lower part of the shaft. Thus, it can be predicted that the protrusions leading from the cavities to the openings in their lower part are flattened. Alternatively, it can be predicted that the protrusions, which lead from the cavities to the openings, are continuously pointed in their lower part.

Within the framework of the invention, it is preferred and provided that the protrusions, which lead from the cavities to the openings in their lower part, have a cross-sectional shape in the form of a circular section. This embodiment has a special advantage, when it is additionally provided, it gives the radius of the section in the form of a circular section of the protrusions, which lead from the cavity towards the openings, which is as large as the radius of the inner end of the opening, so that in the groove, made by means of the protrusions, through openings in the mantle, there is a continuous transition without disturbing edges.

In the embodiment of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention, it can be foreseen that the inner surface of the cavity passes over the support into the guide surface in the free, upper edge of the lower part of the shaft. The advantage here is that the support towards the axis of the lower part of the shaft is made with a slope. Furthermore, it can be predicted that the surface, which leads to the free, upper edge of the lower part of the shaft, is a conically expanded surface in the form of a mantle of a truncated cone. These embodiments have the advantage that the water entering the shaft does not remain on the upward facing surfaces of the lower part of the shaft, but flows downwards through its groove.

The invention further relates to a form for the production of the lower parts of the shaft from concrete or similar material in a bottom-up position with a shell mold and a core mold, a gutter body mold arranged on a core mold for making the gutter and with insert molds for molding connectors at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening in the wall of the lower part of the shaft, which are placed on the mold of the body for the groove on its surfaces facing away from the core mold, whereby the core mold for shaping the bottom of the lower part of the shaft being made has a part in the shape of hemispheres - that is, spherical calottes, and the mold body for the groove has two parts of the side wall, which lead towards the mold for the core, and which are connected to the part of the wall above in the position of use.

For the production of the lower parts of the shaft, molds are used, which have a mold for the shell and a cylindrical mold for the core included in it, whereby inserts for the coupling are placed between the mold for the core and the mold for the shell, in order to determine the inflow and outflow. Furthermore, a supporting ring is provided, in order to achieve the gradual construction of the upper edge on the free, usable position of the lower part of the shaft, which can be used to connect the lower part of the shaft with the shaft ring lying above it.

With these molds, the empty space between the shell mold and the core mold is poured with wet or soil-wet concrete and, if necessary, shaken. After the concrete has hardened, the mold is removed and after turning the raw lower part of the shaft, the groove is poured into concrete by hand.

It has already been proposed, on the shortened cylindrical core mold, on the flat surface of the cover, attach the groove body mold and provide another turned groove body mold. By turning the second mold of the body for the groove, the lower parts of the shaft can be produced, which do not have mutually diametrically opposite oil and spouts. The disadvantage of this well-known design (manufactured by H. Niemeyer Sohne GmbH & Co KG in Horstel) (BRD) is that the lower parts of the shaft produced with this well-known mold in the area of the cylindrical support for the movable mold of the groove body must be subsequently filled with concrete, whereby formwork must be placed in the groove and concreted.

A mold of the type described above for the production of the lower parts of the shaft is known from US-5 413 307 A. In US-5 413 307 A, the mold for the core has essentially a spherical-calotte-rounded upper end, although in principle it is made in the form of a cylindrical shell. Furthermore, in the embodiment according to US-5 413 307 A, a single body mold for the groove is provided, which is located exclusively in the region of the rounded end of the core mold. Due to the fact that the mold of the body for the groove in US-5 413 307 A is welded with the mold for the core, in US-5 413 307 A there is no possibility to apply one and the same mold for the core not only for a straight but also for an angular or bent groove. Special core molds are required for this.

The invention has another task, which is to present such a mold, the application of which does not require subsequent concreting of the groove in the lower part of the shaft and to avoid, if possible, the necessary changes to the mold of the body for the groove related to the current technical possibilities.

According to the invention, this task will be solved with molds of the type described above in such a way that the mold for the core is in the useful position of the mold in the region of the hemisphere, i.e. the ball-cap, which continues below into the region of the mantle of the truncated cone, which expands downwards, so that the mold of the body for the groove for making the groove consists of at least two molds of the body for the groove, which with their side parts of the wall adhere not only to the hemispherical part, i.e. the sphere-shaped part, but also to the mantle part of the truncated cone of the core mold, and that in in the usable position of the mold arranged in the uppermost production position of the mold of the body for the groove in the area of the upper end of the area of the hemisphere or ball-shell of the mold for the cores.

With this invention, a mold is made available for the production of the lower parts of shafts, where the groove does not have to be subsequently concreted.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at the end with a larger diameter of the core mold, an essentially cylindrical part of the core mold is connected, whereby between the core mold and the essentially cylindrical part there is a corresponding, annular connecting part inclined towards the axis core mold.

With this design, the lower part of the shaft can be made, the upper end of which in the position of use is particularly suitable for connecting further parts of the shaft, for example the ring of the shaft.

According to the proposal of the invention, it can be predicted that the molds of the insert for the couplings, as opposed to the molds of the body for the grooves, are flexible, above all movable. With this embodiment of the mold according to the invention, the molds of the connector inserts can be placed in the appropriate favorable or necessary position.

Changing the mold of the connector inserts is particularly simple, when, according to the proposal of the invention, the mold of the connector inserts is releasably attached to the mold of the gutter body. The advantage is that the insert molds for the couplings are attached by means of a plug connection to the mold of the body for the groove.

If, according to the proposal of the invention, it is provided that the parts of the side wall of the body mold for the groove are parallel to each other and that the part of the wall connecting the side walls is curved, a particularly suitable shape of the groove is obtained with regard to the flow.

In the embodiment according to the invention, it is provided that the body molds for the groove are bent in plan, i.e. in the working position of the mold as seen from above. With such an embodiment, the lower parts of the shaft can be produced, the groove of which is not straight but curved.

If the groove is to be made flat in the mold according to the invention in the manufactured lower part of the shaft, the advantage is the embodiment, where it is provided that the mold of the body for the groove in the plan, i.e. in the working position of the mold seen from above, is flat.

The preferred embodiment of the mold according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the positions of the mold body for the groove can be mutually changed. With this embodiment, the lower parts of the manhole can be produced, where the inlet opening to the outlet opening can optionally be laid diametrically or not diametrically opposite. This embodiment has the advantage that one mold of the body for the groove is fixed, and the other mold of the body for the groove is movable.

In the further development of this embodiment, according to one proposal of the invention, it can be foreseen that the movable mold of the body for the groove rests and is guided on the conical part of the mold for the core with a mostly cylindrically shaped connecting ring intermediate part. Placing the movable mold of the groove body in the desired position is carried out very simply, if according to the invention it is provided that a bent slot is provided in the intermediate part, which is attached to the movable mold of the groove body with fastening screws.

In order to prevent the unwanted exit of the material from the lower part of the shaft, which is made with the mold according to the invention, by means of a bent slit, according to one proposal of the invention, it can be foreseen that on the side of the mold body for the groove, sliding sheets in the form of an annular divider are placed on the surface of the ring of the circle, which cover the parts of the slot that are not covered with the mold of the body for the groove.

In one embodiment of the mold according to the invention, it is provided that the fronts of the mold body for the groove, facing away from the core mold, are directed parallel to the axis of the core mold. Thus, in a simple way, the possibility of making the lower parts of the shaft is opened, whose side wall in the area of the body mold for the groove is directed parallel to the axis of the lower part of the shaft.

The adaptation of the mold according to the invention to the different lower parts of the shaft is carried out very simply, provided that the core mold is divided at least once. It is an advantage if the upper part shaped like a hemisphere or calotte can be replaced on the lower part shaped like a truncated cone of the core mold and/or if it is arranged in reverse. In this embodiment, the mold according to the invention has the advantage that at least one mold of the body for the groove is attached to the upper part of the bench for the core and thus movable towards the other mold of the body for the groove, above all it is rotatable. In this way, the mutual positions of the body mold for the groove can be set very simply.

In order to fix the mutual position of the groove body mold in the desired position, according to one proposal of the invention, it can be provided that a tensioning device is provided for fixing the upper part of the core mold to the lower part of the same. The advantage here is that the tensioning device has a tensioning screw, tensioning cylinder, electromagnetic tensioning anchor or the like. There is also a possibility within the scope of the invention to provide a motor drive for the relative rotation of the mold spacing for the core. It is advantageous to use a Ritzel rack-and-pinion motor drive, a motor with a compressed medium, and the like.

The advantage of the mold according to the invention is that the core mold is divided twice. Thus, the possibilities of adapting the mold to the construction of the lower part of the shaft are expanded. If the mold for the core of the mold according to the invention is divided at least once, it has the advantage within the scope of the invention that the lower part of the conical part of the core mold is connected to the mainly cylindrically shaped part, that one mold body for the groove is arranged on the middle part, and on the upper part of the second body mold for the groove.

In the molds according to the invention, the groove body molds can be attached to the core mold by means of plug connections or by means of welded joints. The first variant has the advantage, if the body molds for the groove are to be interchangeable.

If the lower parts of shafts, which have more than one entrance opening or exit opening, are made using the mold according to the invention, according to one proposal of the invention, it is provided that more than two, preferably three, body molds for the groove are arranged on the core mold.

If, according to the further proposal of the invention, it is provided that the upper, towards the ceiling of the lower part of the shaft being made, end surfaces of the mold of the body for the groove facing the axis of the mold with the core are appropriately inclined according to the slope of the groove in the lower part of the shaft being made, the required slope of the groove is achieves without post-processing.

In order to adapt the position of the mold of the connector insert to the given case, according to the proposal of the invention, it is provided that the surfaces of the mold of the body for the groove facing the mold of the insert for the connectors are made in the shape of a sphere, i.e. in the shape of a spherical calotte, and that the connecting elements of the mold of the body for the groove are opposite made the same, so that the coupler insert molds opposite the groove body molds are movable like a ball joint. Further details and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, and in the drawings shown with detailed examples of the lower parts of the shaft and molds for making the lower parts of the shaft according to the invention.

It was shown on:

Figure 1 shows the known lower part of the shaft in an axial section;

Figure 2 shows the lower part of the shaft in section according to line II-II in Figure 1;

Figure 3, the known lower part of the shaft in an axial section with a mutually diametrical inlet opening and outlet opening that do not lie opposite each other;

Fig. 4 lower part of the shaft from Fig. 3 in cross-section according to line IV-IV in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 lower part of the shaft from Fig. 3 with concreted groove;.

Fig. 6 is the first embodiment of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention in an axial cross-section, with the left half of Fig. 6 showing a section perpendicular to the axis of the inlet or outlet opening, and the right half of Fig. 6 a section parallel to the axis of the inlet or outlet opening;

Fig. 7 section along line VII-VII from Fig. 6 with inlet and outlet opening with different nominal width;

Figures 8 and 9 show the second embodiment of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention with respect to the one corresponding to Figures 6 and 7;

Figures 10 and 11 show the third embodiment of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention in a view similar to that of Figures 6 and 7;

Figure 12, a well-known mold for the production of the lower parts of shafts;

Figure 13, a well-known mold for the production of the lower parts of the shaft, with an insert for the connector;

Figures 14 to 16 in different views of a known core mold for molds for the production of lower shaft parts (Niemeyer Firm);

Figure 17 is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the mold according to the invention;

Fig. 18 core mold in the mold from Fig. 17 in plan view;

Figure 19 section along line XIX-XIX in Figure 18;

Fig. 20 mold of the body for the groove with the removable mold of the insert for the couplings;

Fig. 21 a mold for a mold core according to the invention in some other embodiment;

Figure 22 is a further embodiment of the mold for the mold core according to the invention;

Fig. 23 is a second embodiment of the mold for the mold core according to the invention;

Fig. 24 core mold in plan from Fig. 23;

Fig. 25 detail of the core mold from Figs. 23 and 24;

Figure 26 is an embodiment of the mold according to the invention;

Figure 27 is an embodiment of the mold according to the invention;

Figure 28 is a plan view of the mold for the mold core according to the invention;

Fig. 29 the mold for the core from Fig. 27 in the developed view;

Figure 30 is another embodiment of a core mold;

Fig. 31 is a plan view of a highly schematic representation of a mold for a mold core according to the invention;

Figure 32 is a developed view of the mold for the core of the embodiment of the mold according to the invention;

Fig. 33 is a side view of one part of the mold according to the invention with the mold of the body for the groove and with the mold of the insert for the couplings; and

Figure 34 floor plan for Figure 33.

The well-known lower part of the shaft, shown in Figures 1 and 2, consists of a base plate 2 and a casing 3. In the casing 3, Figures 1 and 2 show the designs in which an inlet opening 5 and an outlet opening 6 lying diametrically opposite to each other are provided. Between between the inlet opening 5 and the outlet opening 6, a groove 9 is provided, the base of which has a slope (small) from the inlet opening 5 towards the outlet opening 6, if the lower part of the shaft 1 is placed on a horizontal surface.

Figures 3 to 5 show the known lower part of shaft 1, where the inlet opening 5 and the outlet opening 6 are offset from each other, so they do not lie opposite each other with respect to the axis 11 of the lower part of shaft 1.

Figures 3 and 4 show the groove 9, which was made without subsequent concreting of the lower part of the shaft 1. The shell 3 of the known lower part of the shaft 1 carries on its upper, free edge, an extension 10 corresponding to the pointed end of the coupling of the shaft ring, which in the shown embodiment is simply built in steps, so that the shaft ring built with a suitable counter-step can be placed on the lower part of the shaft 1 without sliding to the side.

The lower part of the shaft 20 according to the invention, shown in Figures 6 and 7, consists of a base plate 2 and a casing 3, on the upper free edge of which a stepped extension 10 is provided, whereby in the casing 3, inlet and outlet openings 5 and 6 are provided. in the lower part of the shaft 20, according to the invention, there is a groove, which passes from the inlet opening 5 to the outlet opening 6. This groove 9 has the following peculiarities described according to the invention.

The groove (9) consists of a conical cavity 21, which expands upwards, for example in the form of a cone or a truncated cone, which is arranged concentrically to the axis 11 of the lower part of the shaft 20 and of two, for example, grooved or slotted protrusions 22, which emerge from cavity 21 and leads towards the inlet opening 5 and towards the outlet opening 6 in the shell 3 of the lower part of the shaft 2. The surface of the shell 3 of the conical cavity 21 simultaneously forms the inner surface 23 of the shell 3 of the lower part of the shaft 20. The lower end of the conical cavity 21 lies at the same height as the lowest place (manufactured) 24 grooves 9, and in the shown embodiment it is made rounded.

The upper edge of the cavity 21 extends above, radially inwards, i.e. towards the axis 11 of the lower part of the shaft 20, the inclined oblique surface 25, into which the upwardly expanded surface 26 of the mantle 3, which goes towards the upper free edge of the lower part of the shaft 20, leads.

From the middle, towards the axis 11, the concentric, conical cavity 21, which can also be made pointed or flattened at its lower ends, leads 22 towards the inlet opening 5 and towards the outlet opening 6. And, with respect to the axis 11 of the lower part of the shaft 20 , the radially outward extending protrusions 22, consist of one, in the embodiment shown, bent, lower part 30 (bottom) and an upwardly open part 31, which is limited by two mutually parallel walls 32.

The lower part of the shaft 20 according to the invention is a construction part made in one piece, in a uniform working process, for example from concrete, whose groove 9 consists of a central, conical cavity 21 and of projections 22, which lead from it to the entrance opening 5 and to the exit opening 6.

The special shape of the cavity 21 and the outlet 22 results in a suitable shape of the groove 9, in which the unwanted collection of water can be prevented through the oblique inner surface 23, as is the case on the surfaces next to the groove 9 with the well-known shaft rings 1 (see pictures 1 and 2) can happen. With this shape of the groove 1, it is also possible to prevent that in the lower part of the shaft 20 according to the invention, in the region of the groove 9, solid substances and the like get lost and lead to clogging.

The lower part 30 of the groove 9, as shown in the right half of Figure 6, continuously passes into the inner end of the inlet opening 5 and the outlet opening 6. The radius of curvature of the inner surface in the lower part 30 of the groove 9 corresponds to the radius of the inlet opening 5 and the outlet opening 6. The radius of the bent, dome-shaped lowest part 30 of Cavity 21 is also made with this radius.

Figures 8, 9 and Figures 10, 11 show further special examples of the embodiments of the lower part of the shaft 20 according to the invention, which differ from the embodiments shown in Figures 6 and 7, for example, through other angles of inclination of the inner surface 23 of the conical cavity 21.

It can be seen that the construction of the lower part of the shaft 20 according to the invention allows for different designs, where one can imagine a design with an inlet opening 5 and an outlet opening 6 offset from each other, in which case the central plane or the plane of symmetry of the outlet 22 of the groove 9 is under each other angle, so you should not start from the diametrically opposite places of the conical, centric cavity 21.

The construction according to the invention is also suitable for the lower parts of the shaft 20 with more than two openings in the casing.

The special construction of the chute 9 not only ensures favorable conditions for the flow of liquids through the lower parts of the shaft 20, even if the liquid (waste water) also carries solid substances, but also opens up the possibility that the lower part of the shaft 20, including the chute 9, is made of of concrete or similar materials in a single work procedure.

One of the well-known molds shown in Figures 12 and 13 for making the lower parts of the shaft 1 has a shell mold 111, a cylindrical core mold 112 with a wall 113 and a cover 114. In the cover 114 of the core mold 112, a venting device 115 can be provided in order to made the job of separating castings easier. Pivot bolts 116 are attached to the casing mold 111, so that the mold can be rotated around the axis 117 defined by those pivot bolts (the lower parts of the shaft are in the bottom-up position, and concreted so that the base plate 2 is facing up). For making a step on the free edge of the wall 3 of the lower part of the shaft 1, a supporting ring 118 is provided. Molds of inserts for the connectors 119 are placed using the retaining slats 120 in the places where the entrance opening 5 and the exit opening 6 should be located in the finished lower part of the shaft 1 .

The lower parts of the shaft 1 made according to the molds shown in pictures 12 and 13 do not yet have a groove 9, which must be made later. For this purpose, formwork must be made for groove 9 and concreted. This is not only a large expenditure of time, but also does not result in a monolithic production of the lower part of shaft 1.

Figures 14 to 16 show the known mold for the core 112, which is made as a cylindrical shell with a cover. A groove body mold 121 is firmly welded to the core mold cover 112. The second groove body mold 122 is attached to a cylindrically shaped groove body mold support 123 which is rotatably mounted on the core mold cover 112. After removing the tension screw, the groove mold 124 attached to the cylindrical support 123 can be moved, so that a flat and bent groove 9 can be made using the known core mold 112 (manufacturer: Niemayer Sohne & Co KG). But in this embodiment it is also necessary that the space that was first occupied by the cylindrical support of the body mold for the groove 123 is subsequently concreted, which is why formwork must be made for the groove and filled with concrete. Thus, working time is not saved and the lower part of shaft 1 is not created in one piece (monolithic).

The mold 130 shown in Figure 17 with the core mold 131 has one shell mold 132, at the end of which a support ring 118 is placed for making a step on the free edge of the wall of the lower part of the shaft. Inside the shell mold 132, a core mold 131 is provided, which tapers upward conically and ends in the shown embodiment in the upper end 133 shaped like a spherical calotte. The upper end 133 of the core mold 131 can also be made in the shape of a hemisphere. On part 134 of the mold for the core 131, two mold bodies for the groove 135 are arranged, which carry the outwardly protruding molds of the inserts for the groove 119.

The transition between the conical part 134 of the mold for the core 131 and the lower mostly cylindrical or (as shown) conical part 136 is made of an annular intermediate body 137, which is inclined towards the axis 138 of the mold 130, so that in the finished, made using the mold 130, the lower part shaft gets a support, the surfaces of which fall from outside to inside downwards, so that water flowing from top to bottom can drain into the middle of the lower part of shaft 1.

Figure 18 shows the core mold 130 in plan view with its conical portion 134 and both groove body molds 135 with connector insert molds 119. Figure 19 shows a cross-sectional view of the groove body mold 135. The groove body molds 135 can be , as shown in Fig. 17 on its upper part, is made inclined to the axis 138, with the uppermost branch standing in the position of use obliquely to the axis 138. This indicates that the groove defined according to it has a fall from the inlet opening to the outlet opening.

If the groove body molds 135 on the core mold 131 are arranged so that they can be removed, they can be replaced with differently shaped groove body molds 135, so that the shaft bottoms can be made with different groove diameters or shapes.

In one embodiment, more than two groove body molds 135 can be arranged on the core mold 131, if the lower part of the shaft is made with one inlet opening and two or three outlet openings. In the embodiment shown in Figure 20, the molds of the inserts for the connectors 119 are arranged so that they can be removed. In this case, the plug connection 140 has the advantage, which allows the mold for the core 131 together with the molds of the body for the groove 135 to be pulled out of the lower part of the shaft as soon as possible, after the end of the working process, while the molds of the inserts for the connectors 119 remain in the still raw lower part part of the shaft and serve as supports. This way of working and this form of execution has a special advantage, if the lower parts of the shaft are made of soil-moist concrete.

The core mold 131 can have a vent valve especially in its upper end, in order to facilitate the process of removing the formwork. Figure 21 shows an embodiment of a mold for a core 131 according to the invention, which has a spherical part 134 that has already been divided once. The arrangement is made in such a way that one of the molds of the body for the groove 135 is attached to the lower part 141 bordering the part 136, and dmgi the groove body mold 135 is attached to the upper portion 142 which is rotatable. In this way, the angle between the individual molds of the body for the groove 135 can be changed, if the lower parts of the shaft are made, where the inlet opening does not lie diametrically opposite the outlet opening.

Figure 22 shows the embodiment with the advantages of the construction of the core mold 131 shown in principle in Figure 21. In addition, in the embodiment shown in Figures 21 and 22 of the core mold 131 according to the invention, the core mold 131 consists of two parts, one upper part 142 and one lower part 141, which rest on each other over the provided plates 144, 145 in the area of the dividing plane 143.

The parts 141 and 142 of the core mold 131 can be rotated relative to each other about the axis 146, which runs vertically from top to bottom through the core mold 131. That is why a screw nut 147 is provided on the plate 145 of the upper part 142. Through the central hole in the base plate of the core mold 131, a screw stud is inserted, which is twisted in the nut 147. When the screw bolt is tightened, the upper part 142 and the lower part 141 of the mold are fixed to each other. the core 131 from figures 21 and 22, so that once the relative position of those two mold bodies for the groove 135 is fixed.

After loosening the screw bolt, the upper part 142 and the lower part 141, and thus those attached to the mold of the body for the groove 135, can be rotated relative to each other, so that the mold for the core 131 can also be used for the production of lower parts of shafts where the entrance opening is not lies diametrically opposite to the exit opening.

Figures 23 to 25 show in various views and in detail another embodiment of the core mold 131 according to the invention, which is divided once. From the representation in Figure 23, it can be seen that above the part 136 of the mold for the core 131, a part is placed, in the form of a truncated cone, as the lower part 141 of the mold for the core 131, and above that, in the shape of a spherical shell, as the upper part 142 of the mold for core 131. At the same time, in Fig. 23 the right groove body mold 135 with the lower part 141 of the core mold 131 firmly connected via the connecting piece 150.

In Figure 23, the left groove body mold 135 is connected to the pivoting upper part 142 of the core mold 131 and rests on and is guided by the connecting part 137.

As can be seen from the details of Fig. 25 and the plan view of Fig. 24, in the intermediate part 137 of the core mold 131, a bent slot 151 is provided, through which the threaded bolts are inserted, which are threaded with nuts 152, which are located on the base 153 of the body mold for the groove 135. In order to cover the parts lying on the side next to the lower end of the groove body mold 135, the bent slot 151, the groove body mold 135 is connected to the bent sliding plate 154, which is laid on the intermediate part 137, which intersects both sides from the lower end of the groove body mold 135 and (compare Fig. 24) covers the parts of the slot 51 that do not lie under the groove body mold 135, so that concrete cannot escape there.

In Fig. 17 to 19, in the shown embodiment, on the mostly vertical walls 155 of the mold body for the groove, nuts 156 are attached inside, into which screws can be attached for attaching the mold inserts for connectors 119 for forming the inlet and outlet openings.

Fig. 26 shows once again a split core mold 131 and its connection to a shell mold 132, with a coupling insert mold 119 attached to the groove body mold 135.

The division of the mold for the core 131 into at least two parts (lower part, upper part) allows, on one and the same lower part, to place differently shaped upper parts, in order to always meet the existing requirements for the construction of the necessary lower part of the shaft.

Figure 27 shows an embodiment of the mold for the core 131 according to the invention, in which it is divided twice. With the help of one central tension screw 160, the parts (lower part 141, middle part 161, upper part 142) of the core mold 131 can be fastened to each other, since these and the molds of the groove body 135 carried by them have been moved to the appropriate position (see Fig. 28) . In the embodiment shown in Fig. 27, the left groove body mold 135 is connected to the upper part 142 of the core mold 131, and in Fig. 27 the right groove body mold 135 is connected to the middle part 161 of the core mold 131 by means of one connection by welding.

Figure 29 shows individual parts of the core mold shown in Figure 27 in an exploded view. In principle, it is also possible for the core mold according to the invention to be divided more than twice, as shown in Fig. 30. In this case, the lower part 141 is not rigidly connected to the part 136 of the core mold 131.

Figure 30 also shows that pneumatic or hydraulic tensioning devices can be provided for the mutual locking of individual parts 136, 141, 161, 142 of the mold for the core 131. In the shown embodiment, a cylinder with compressed medium 171 is provided, whose piston lever 172, after setting the desired relative position of the body mold for the groove 135, can be stiffened so that individual parts of the mold for the core 131 are mutually secured without rotation.

Instead of a cylinder (pneumatic) with compressed means, a tensioning device 170 controlled by an electromagnet can also be provided for fixing the rotating parts of the core mold to each other.

The adjustment of individual parts of the lower parts of the core mold 131 does not have to be done manually, electromotive drives (Ritzel-Zahnstangenantriebe 174, as noted on the left in Figure 31 or pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 175, as noted in Figure 31) can also be used for this 31 on the right).

If motor drives are provided to rotate the core mold parts 131, a control can be provided, the drives of which will move the chute body molds 135 according to the determined relative position between the inlet opening and the outlet opening to any required position. Molds of the body for the groove 135 can (in plan view) be made bent, if a bent construction of the groove is desired, as shown in Figure 5. If the mold for the core 131 according to iziim is divided at least once, there is a possibility, instead of parts filled with molds body for the groove 135 to place such without the mold body for the groove 119, if it is necessary because of the lower parts of the shaft to be made. In particular, this can be foreseen in the embodiment shown in Figure 30, where all three parts 141, 161, 142 of the core mold 131 can be equipped with molds of the groove body 135 or only two or only one of those three parts.

For the free ends of the mold of the body for the groove 135, on which the molds of the coupling inserts 119 are provided, that is, the coupling bodies are installed on the molds of the coupling inserts 119, a hemispherical or calotte mold can be chosen, so that, if the connecting parts of the couplings are suitably oppositely shaped, the mobility of the molds of the inserts for the connectors 119, which correspond to the ball joint, is obtained, according to the molds of the body for the groove 135. In this case, the advantage is confirmed that the side end according to the mold of the mantle 132 is made of suitably placed sheets of sheet metal, wood or the like. it is possible to move the mold of the connector inserts 119 towards the mold of the groove body 135 (by several degrees).

An example of an embodiment for movable, on molds of the body for the groove 135, attached molds of inserts for connectors 119 is shown in Figures 33 and 34. In the embodiment shown in Figures 33 and 34 on the outward facing surfaces of the molds of the body for the groove 135 are over the tubular intermediate parts attached support plates in the form of a calotte 190. A nut screw 192 is inserted through a hole in the middle of the support plates 190. Molds of inserts for couplings 119 carry on their molds bodies for the groove 135, that is, with the support plates 190 attached to them, the opposite end faces the plate 193, which is rounded concretely towards the holding plate 190. In the middle of the opposite plate 193 of the insert mold for the couplings 119, a hole 194 is provided, through which the bolt of the nut screw 192 engages with an all-round offset.

After loosening the nut of the lead screw 192, the mold of the insert for the couplings 119 can be rotated according to the size of the opening 194, within certain limits, with respect to the mold of the body for the groove 135 in all directions. Immediately after the connector insert mold 119 has taken the desired position, the nut of the parent screw 192 is inserted, and it presses the opposite plate 193 of the connector insert mold 119 towards the support plate 190 over the washer 195, so that the connector insert mold 119 is securely attached.

Molds of the body for the groove 135 can be welded, screwed or fastened on the conical or hemispherical mold for the core 131 or on parts thereof by means of a plug-in connection. An example of a detachable connection of the groove body mold to the core mold 131 or parts 141, 161, 142 thereof is shown in Fig. 32. There, on the parts 142 and 161 of the core mold 131, a guide 180 is attached, which has two free side grooves 181, into which the protrusions 182 are caught, abutting the edge of the groove body mold 135 on the core mold 131, so that they can be attached by abutment.

An exemplary embodiment of the lower part of the shaft according to the invention can be described as follows: The lower part of the shaft 20 with the base plate 2 and the mantle 3, has an inlet opening 5 which is connected to the outlet opening 6 by a groove 9. The groove 9 consists of, according to the axis 11 of the lower part of the shaft 20 concentrically placed, upwardly conically expanded cavities 21 and two of them radially leading outwards, towards the inlet opening 5 and the outlet opening 6, protrusions 22 in the form of grooves.

For the production of such lower parts of the shaft 20, a mold is proposed, which has one generally cylindrical shell 132 and one mold for the core 131. The mold for the core 131 has one, in the position of use, narrowed upwards, part in the form of a truncated cone 134, whose upper end 133 in the shape of a half sphere. For the production of the groove 9 in the lower part of the shaft 20, two molds of the body for the groove 135 are provided on the mold for the core 131. The molds of the body for the groove 135 carry the inserts of the mold for the connectors 119.

Claims (43)

1. The lower part of the shaft (20) with the base plate (2), casing (3), at least two openings (5, 6) provided in the casing (3) and with a groove (9) created by connecting the openings (5, 6), a projection ( 22) in the base plate (2), whereby the upward facing surfaces of the base plate (2) show a concentric, mostly conical cavity (21) towards the axis (11) of the lower part of the shaft (20), indicated by the fact that the conical cavity (21) of the lower part of the shaft (20) together with the protrusions (22) that go from it towards the openings (5, 6) in the mantle (3) of the lower part of the shaft (20) and form the groove (9) of the lower part of the shaft (20) and that the lower end (24) of the conical cavity (21) lies at the same height as the lowest point (24) of the outlets (22) leading to the openings (5, 6) in the mantle (3) of the lower part of the eye (22). 2. The lower part of the shaft according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cavity (21) is flattened at its lowest part. 3. The lower part of the shaft according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cavity (21) is curved at its lowest part (30). 4. The lower part of the shaft according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cavity (21) is pointed at its lowest part. 5. The lower part of the shaft according to claim (3), characterized by the fact that the radius of curvature of the lowest part (30) of the cavity (21) is as large as the radius of the inner end of the opening (5, 6). 6. The lower part of the shaft according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the protrusions (22) leading to the openings (5, 6) with respect to the central axis (11) of the lower part of the shaft (20) pass radially. 7. The lower part of the shaft according to one of the claims 1 to 6, indicated by the fact that the projections (22) leading to the openings (5, 6) are grooved or grooved, upwardly open depressions. 8. The lower part of the shaft according to one of claims 1 to 7, indicated by the fact that the protrusions (22) leading from the cavities (21) to the openings (5, 6) in their upper part (31) are limited by two mutually parallel, flat surfaces (32). 9. The lower part of the shaft according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the projections (22) leading from the cavities (21) to the openings (5, 6) in their lower part are flattened. 10. The lower part of the shaft according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the protrusions (22) leading from the cavities (21) to the openings (5, 6) are pointed in their lower part. 11. The lower part of the shaft according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the projections (22) leading from the cavities (21) to the openings (5, 6) have in their lower part (30) a cross-section in the shape of a segment of a circle. 12. The lower part of the shaft according to claim 11, indicated by the fact that the radius of the circle section of the lower part (30) of the protrusion (22) leading from the cavity (21) towards the openings (5, 6) has a radius that is as large as the radius of the inner end of the opening (5,6). 13. The lower part of the shaft according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the inner surface (23) of the cavity (21) passes over the support (25) into the guide surface in the free, upper edge of the lower part of the shaft (20). 14. The lower part of the shaft according to claim 13, characterized in that the support (25) towards the axis (11) of the lower part of the shaft (20) is made with a slope. 15. The lower part of the shaft according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the surface (26), which leads to the free, upper edge of the lower part of the shaft (20), is a conically expanded surface in the form of the mantle of a cone. 16. A mold (130) for the production of lower shaft parts (20) in a bottom-up position, in particular for the production of lower shaft parts according to one of claims 1 to 15, with a shell mold (132) and a core mold (131), a mold body for the groove (135) arranged on the mold for the core (131) for making the groove (9) and with the molds of the inserts for the connectors (119) for forming at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening in the wall (3) of the lower part of the shaft (120) , which are placed on the groove body mold (135) on its surfaces (155) facing the core mold (131), whereby the core mold (131) for shaping the bottom (2) of the lower part of the shaft (120) that is being made has a part (133) in the shape of a hemisphere - that is, a spherical calotte, and the mold of the body for the groove (135) has two parts of the side wall, which lead to the mold for the core (131), and which in the use position are connected to the part of the wall above, characterized by the fact that the mold for the core (131) in the usable position of the mold (130) in the region (133) has the shape of lukugle, i.e. the shape of a sphere-calote, continues below into the region (134) of the shape of the mantle of a truncated cone, which expands downwards, so that the mold of the body for the groove for making the groove (9) consists of at least two forms of the body for the groove (135), which with their side parts of the wall adhere not only to the hemispherical region, i.e. the region of the ball-cup shape (133), but also to the mantle region of the truncated cone (134) of the core mold (131), and that in the usable position of the mold (130) they are aligned in the uppermost production position of the body mold for the groove (135) in the area of it in the usable position of the upper end of the half-sphere-shaped or ball-cap area (133) of the core mold (131). 17. The shape according to claim 16, indicated by the fact that at the end of the larger diameter of the core mold (131) an essentially cylindrical or conical part (136) of the core mold (131) is connected, whereby between the core molds (131) and part (136) there is a corresponding, annular connecting part (137) inclined towards the axis (138) of the core mold (131). 18. The shape according to claim 16, indicated by the fact that the inserted molds of the connectors (119) opposite the molds of the bodies for the grooves (135) are flexible, primarily pivotable. 19. Mold according to claim 16 or 18, characterized in that the inserted connector molds (119) are detachably attached to the groove body mold (135). 20. Mold according to claim 19, characterized in that the inserted connector molds (119) on the groove body mold (135) are attached by means of a plug connection. 21. Mold according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the parts of the side wall of the mold body for the groove (135) are parallel to each other and that the part of the wall connecting the side walls is curved. 22. Mold according to one of the claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the molds of the body for the groove (135) are curved in plan view, i.e. in the working position of the mold (130) seen from above. 23. Mold according to one of the claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the mold of the body for the groove (135) in plan view, i.e. in the working position of the form (130) seen from above, is flat shaped. 24. A mold according to one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the position of the mold body for the groove (135) can be mutually changed. 25. Mold according to claim 24, characterized in that one mold of the body for the groove (135) is fixed, and the other mold of the body for the groove (135) is movable. 26. Mold according to claim 25, characterized in that the movable mold of the body for the groove (135) rests on the guide on the conical part (134) of the mold for the core (131) with the part (136) of the same connecting ring-shaped intermediate part (137). 27. The mold according to claim 26, characterized in that the intermediate part (137) is provided with a bent slot (151), which is accepted for the movable mold body groove (135) with the fastening screws. 28. Mold according to claim 27, characterized in that on the side of the mold body for the groove (135) on the annular surface (137) sliding sheets (154) in the form of an annular dividing circle are placed adjacently, which cover parts of the slot (151) which 1. they are not covered with the body mold for the groove (135). 29. A mold according to one of claims 16 to 28, characterized in that the mold faces (155) of the groove body (135), facing away from the core mold (131), are directed parallel to the axis (146) of the core mold (131). 30. Mold according to one of claims 16 to 29, characterized in that the core mold (131) is divided at least once. 31. The mold according to claim 30, characterized in that the upper part (142) shaped like a hemisphere or calotte can be replaced and/or arranged in a rotated manner on the lower part (141) shaped like a truncated cone of the core mold (131). 32. The mold according to claim 31, indicated by the fact that at least one mold of the body for the groove (135) is attached to the upper part (142) of the bench for the core (131) and is therefore movable towards the other mold of the body for the groove (135) adjustable, and above all pivoting. 33. Mold according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that a tensioning device (160, 170) is provided for fixing the upper part (141) of the core mold (131) to the lower part (141). 34. Mold according to claim 33, characterized in that the tensioning device is a tensioning screw (160), tensioning cylinder (171), electromagnetic tensioning anchor or the like. 35. Mold according to one of claims 30 to 34, characterized in that motor drives (174, 175) are provided for the relative rotation of the parts (142, 141, 161) of the core mold (131). 36. The mold according to claim 35, characterized in that the motor drive is a Ritzel gear drive (174), a pressure motor (175), and the like. 37. Mold according to one of claims 30 to 36, characterized in that the core mold (131) is divided twice. 38. Mold according to one of claims 30 to 37, characterized in that the lower part (141) of the conical part (134) of the core mold (131) is connected to the part (136), that one mold is arranged on the middle part (161) for the body with the groove (135), and on the upper part (142) another mold for the body for the groove (135). 39. Mold according to one of claims 16 to 38, characterized in that the groove body molds (135) are attached to the core mold (131) by means of plug connections (180). 40. Mold according to one of the claims 30 to 38, characterized in that the molds of the body for the groove (135) are attached to the mold for the core (131) by welded joints. 41. A mold according to one of claims 16 to 40, characterized in that more than two, and preferably three, molds for the groove body (135) are arranged on the core mold (131). 42. The mold according to one of the claims 16 to 41, characterized in that the upper end surfaces of the mold body for the groove (135) are turned towards the bottom (2) of the lower part of the shaft (120), which is being made, towards the axis (138) of the mold for the core (131) corresponding to the inclined slope of the groove (9) in the lower part of the shaft (120), which is being made. 43. Mold according to one of the claims 18 to 42, characterized in that the surfaces (155) of the mold body for the groove (135) facing the mold of the connector insert (119) are made in the shape of a sphere or in the shape of a spherical calotte and that the connecting elements are the mold of the groove body (119) opposite the same is made, so that the inserted molds for the couplings (119) opposite the molds of the groove body (135) are movable like a ball joint.