HRP20220785T1 - Postupak pretvorbe ugljičnog materijala u sintezni plin s niskim sadržajem katrana - Google Patents

Postupak pretvorbe ugljičnog materijala u sintezni plin s niskim sadržajem katrana Download PDF

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Publication number
HRP20220785T1
HRP20220785T1 HRP20220785TT HRP20220785T HRP20220785T1 HR P20220785 T1 HRP20220785 T1 HR P20220785T1 HR P20220785T T HRP20220785T T HR P20220785TT HR P20220785 T HRP20220785 T HR P20220785T HR P20220785 T1 HRP20220785 T1 HR P20220785T1
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HR
Croatia
Prior art keywords
zone
pyrolytic
residue
partial oxidation
raw
Prior art date
Application number
HRP20220785TT
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English (en)
Inventor
Steve Kresnyak
Pavel ZÁHORÍK
Original Assignee
Expander Energy Inc.
Air Technic S.R.O.
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Publication date
Application filed by Expander Energy Inc., Air Technic S.R.O. filed Critical Expander Energy Inc.
Publication of HRP20220785T1 publication Critical patent/HRP20220785T1/hr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B3/00—Coke ovens with vertical chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/16—Features of high-temperature carbonising processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/14—Continuous processes using gaseous heat-carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/026—Increasing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. reverse water-gas shift [RWGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/0923—Sludge, e.g. from water treatment plant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943—Coke
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Claims (26)

1. Kontinuirani višestupanjski okomito sekvencirani postupak rasplinjavanja namijenjen pretvorbi čvrstog ugljičnog gorivnog materijala u sintezni plin s niskim sadržajem katrana u rasplinjaču koji sadrži: i) zonu pirolize (20); ii) zonu djelomične oksidacije (30), koja se nalazi okomito nizvodno od zone pirolize (20), te odvojenu od zone pirolize elementom za razdvajanje (32), koji sadrži više odušaka (34) nagnutih prema gore; iii) zonu redukcije (40), koja se nalazi okomito nizvodno od zone djelomične oksidacije i sadrži nagnutu perforiranu podnicu (42), jedan ili više otvora (46), smještenih centralno u odnosu na perforiranu podnicu, te centralno smješteni deflektor (48); naznačen time što je podnica nagnuta prema dolje i prema unutra prema jednom ili više otvora, pri čemu je perforirana podnica konfigurirana, dimenzioniranjem njenih perforacija (44), kako bi se prije svega omogućilo prolaženje siteznog plina (49) kroz nju, a spriječilo prolaženje pirolitičkog ostatka (24) koji može nastati u zoni pirolize, pri čemu je nagib perforirane podnice veći od nula stupnjeva, a manji od 60 stupnjeva; gdje se navedeni postupak sastoji u koracima: a) dodavanja ugljičnog gorivnog materijala (16) kroz gornji dio zone pirolize okomito prema dolje, prema donjem dijelu zone pirolize, tijekom pirolize goriva u pirolitičke pare (26), koje sadrži ugljkovodični materijal, i sirovi pirolitički ostatak (24), koji sadrži karbonizirani materijal i pepeo; b) izbornog dodavanja prvog oksidansa (22) u donji dio zone pirolize kako bi se postiglo temperaturu višu od 200 °C; c) usmjeravanja pirolitičkih para (26) u zonu djelomične oksidacije (POX), te usmjeravanja pirolitičkog ostatka prema dolje u zonu redukcije uz pomoć elementa za razdvajanje, pri čemu su odušci elementa za razdvajanje nagnuti prema gore kako bi se omogućilo odlazak pirolitičkih para u zonu djelomične oksidacije, a spriječilo prolaženje sirovog pirolitičkog ostatka u zonu djelomične oksidacije; d) dodavanja drugog oksidansa (36) u zonu djelomične oksidacije kako bi se postiglo temperaturu dovoljnu za reformiranje pirolitičkih para u sirovi sitezni plin koji sadrži značajno smanjene razine katrana; e) stvaranja sloja pirolitičkog ostatka (28) jednolične dubine iz sirovog pirolitičkog ostatka nastalog u koraku c) na podnici zone redukcije; f) propuštanja sirovog siteznog plina (38) iz koraka d) prema dolje kroz sirovi sloj pirolitičkog ostatka nastalog u koraku e), te provođenje endotermne reakcije između CO2 i/ili H2O u sirovom siteznom plinu i ugljika u karboniziranom materijalu u sloju pirolitičkog ostatka, uz istodobno kontroliranje pada tlaka u zoni redukcije, vremena zadržavajna i prostorne brzine protoka sirovog siteznog plina tijekom endotermne reakcije kako bi se dobilo sitezni plin koji uglavnom ne sadrži katran (49) i dekarbonizirani pirolitički ostatak (52); g) propuštanja siteznog plina koji uglavnom ne sadrži katran iz koraka f), u protustrujnom protoku prema gore, kako bi se grijalo zonu pirolize, te tako ohladilo sitezni plin koji uglavnom ne sadrži katran; h) prikupljanja siteznog plina koji uglavnom ne sadrži katran; i i) prikupljanja dekarboniziranog pirolitičkog ostatka s dna rasplinjača.
2. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, pri čemu se postupak provodi pod tlakom, nižim od Z 42,4 bar (600 psig), po mogućnosti između atmosferskog tlaka i 7,9 bar (100 psig).
3. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1 ili 2 pri čemu ugljični gorivni materijal sadrži gorivo iz biomase kojeg se bira između drvne sječke, sječke od željezničkih pragova, otpadnog drva, šumarskog otpada, kanalizacijskog mulja, naftnog koksa, ugljena, krutog komunalnog otpada (MSW), goriva dobivenog iz otpada (RDF), ili bilo koje njihove kombinacije.
4. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 3, pri čemu se gorivo iz biomase dobiva postupkom cjepkanja, sjeckanja, ekstrudiranja, mehaničke obrade, sabijanja, peletiranja, granuliranja ili drobljenja.
5. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 3 ili 4, gdje se biogorivo poprska, obloži ili impregnira tekućim ili čvrstim ugljičnim materijalima.
6. Postupak u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 5, pri čemu je temperatura stadija POX viša od 1250 °C, ili viša od temperature taljenje pepela kako bi se dobilo tekuću trosku.
7. Postupak u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 6, pri čemu prvi i drugi oksidans sadrži zrak, obogaćeni zrak, kisik čistoće veće od 85%, težinski, kisik čistoće veće od 95%, težinski, ili njihovu kombinaciju.
8. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 7, pri čemu su prvi oksidans i drugi oksidans isti.
9. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 7, pri čemu su prvi oksidans i drugi oksidans različiti.
10. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 8, pri čemu prvi oksidans i/ili drugi oksidans dodatno sadrži H2O i/ili CO2.
11. Postupak u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 10, pri čemu prvi oksidans sadrži zrak, obogaćeni zrak, kisik čistoće veće od 85%, težinski, kisik čistoće veće od 95%, težinski, ili njihovu kombinaciju, i drugi oksidans sadrži najmanje jedno od zraka, obogaćenog zraka, kisika čistoće veće od 85%, težinski, kisika čistoće veće od 95%, težinski, prethodno pomiješanih s H2O i/ili CO2.
12. Postupak u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 11, koji se dodatno sastoji u tresenju i/ili vrtnji sloja pirolitičkog ostatka.
13. Uređaj za kontinuirani višestupanjski okomito sekvencirani postupak rasplinjavanja namijenjen pretvorbi čvrstog ugljičnog gorivnog materijala u sitezni plin s niskim sadržajem katrana, gdje uređaj sadrži: i) zonu pirolize (20), u kojoj se gorivo pretvara u pirolitičke pare koje sadrže ugljkovodični materijal i sirovi pirolitički ostatak bogat ugljikom koji sadrži karbonizirani materijal i pepeo; ii) zonu djelomične oksidacije (30), koja se nalazi okomito nizvodno od zone pirolize, u kojoj se ugljkovodični materijal u pirolitičkim parama pretvara u sirovi sitezni plin koji sadrži H2, CO i CO2, te koja ima najmanje jedan ulaz za dodavanje jednog ili više oksidansa; iii) zonu endotermne redukcije (40), koja se nalazi okomito nizvodno od zone djelomične oksidacije, u kojoj se sirovi sitezni plin (38) pretvara u sitezni plin koji uglavnom ne sadrži katran (49), te u kojoj se smanjuje sadržaj ugljika u sirovom pirolitičkom ostatku kako bi se dobilo dekarbonizirani pirolitički ostatak (52); iv) element za razdvajanje (32), koji se nalazi između zone pirolize i zone djelomične oksidacije, gdje element za razdvajanje sadrži više odušaka (34) nagnutih prema gore kako bi se omogućilo odlazak pirolitičkih para (26) u zonu djelomične oksidacije i spriječilo prolaženje sirovog pirolitičkog ostatka (24) u zonu djelomične oksidacije, gdje je element za razdvajanje konfiguriran za usmjeravanje pirolitičkog ostatka u zonu redukcije; v) izlazni otvor (56) za dekarbonizirani pirolitički ostatak (52), koji se nalazi nizvodno od zone redukcije; vi) izlaz (50) za sitezni plin koji uglavnom ne sadrži katran, koji se nalazi nizvodno od zone redukcije; vii) zonu redukcije koja sadrži nagnutu perforiranu podnicu (42), jedan ili više otvora (46), smještenih centralno u odnosu na perforiranu podnicu, te centralno smješteni deflektor (48), naznačen time što: podnica je nagnuta prema dolje i prema unutra prema jednom ili više otvora, perforacije (44) su tako dimenzionirane da omoguće primarno prolaženje siteznog plina kroz nju prema izlazu za sitezni plin koji uglavnom ne sadrži katran i spriječe prolaženje sirovog pirolitičkog ostatka, a jedan ili više otvora su u fluidnoj komunikaciji s izlaznim otvorom (56), te konfigurirani za prolaženje dekarboniziranog pirolitičkog ostatka (52) kroz nju; pri čemu je nagib perforirane podnice veći od nula stupnjeva, a manji od 60 stupnjeva.
14. Uređaj u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 13, koji dodatno sadrži prvi mehanizam u komunikaciji sa zonom redukcije, konfiguriran za povremeno ili kontinuirano pomicanje pirolitičkog ostatka s perforirane podnice prema jednom ili više otvora.
15. Uređaj u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 14, pri čemu mehanizam sadrži tijelo za izguravanje konfigurirano za pomicanje po putu oko deflektora, gdje se tijelo za izguravanje nalazi u blizini perforirane podnice i prema van u odnosu na jedan ili više otvora.
16. Uređaj u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 15, pri čemu tijelo za izguravanje sadrži jedan ili više krakova koji se pružaju radijalno prema van u odnosu na jedan ili više otvora.
17. Uređaj u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 16, pri čemu krakovi imaju nagnutu površinu konfigurirana za stupanje u kontakt i izguravanje dijela pirolitičkog ostatka prema jednom ili više otvora tijekom pomicanja tijela za izguravanje.
18. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 15 to 17, koji dodatno sadrži upravljač konfiguriran za rad s mehanizmom koji ovisi o razlici tlaka izmjerenoj na lokaciji ispred sloja pirolitičkog ostatka i lokaciji iza perforirane podnice.
19. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 18, koji dodatno sadrži drugi mehanizam za izguravanje dekarboniziranog pirolitičkog ostatka iz donjeg sloja prema izlaznim otvorima.
20. Uređaj u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 19, pri čemu prvi i drugi mehanizam djeluju međusobno neovisno.
21. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 20, pri čemu se zona pirolize, zona djelomične oksidacije i zona redukcije nalaze u jednom spremniku/komori.
22. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 21, koji dodatno sadrži vanjsku ljusku koja ima ulaz u ljusku u komunikaciji s izlazom za sitezni plin, te izlaz iz ljuske, pri čemu vanjska ljuska okružuje/opkoljava zonu pirolize, zonu djelomične oksidacije i zonu redukcije tvoreći kanal za protok siteznog plina prema izlazu iz ljuske.
23. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 22, pri čemu se na gornjem dijelu ljuske nalazi izlaz iz ljuske kako bi se omogućilo kretanje siteznog plina prema gore u kanalu radi omogućavanja posrednog toplinskog kontakta između siteznog plina i zone pirolize.
24. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 23, pri čemu se zona pirolize, zona djelomične oksidacije i zona redukcije nalaze u odvojenim spremnicima/komorama.
25. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 24, pri čemu je opseg donjeg dijela zone pirolize veći od opsega gornjeg dijela.
26. Uređaj u skladu s bilo kojim od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 25, pri čemu je podnica zone redukcije konfigurirana za tresenje.
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