HRP20220391T1 - Integrirani fotoelektrokemijski uređaj za koncentrirano zračenje - Google Patents

Integrirani fotoelektrokemijski uređaj za koncentrirano zračenje Download PDF

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HRP20220391T1
HRP20220391T1 HRP20220391TT HRP20220391T HRP20220391T1 HR P20220391 T1 HRP20220391 T1 HR P20220391T1 HR P20220391T T HRP20220391T T HR P20220391TT HR P20220391 T HRP20220391 T HR P20220391T HR P20220391 T1 HRP20220391 T1 HR P20220391T1
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photoelectrochemical
reactant
electromagnetic radiation
flow rate
value
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HRP20220391TT
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Saurabh TEMBHURNE
Meng LIN
Sophia HAUSSENER
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Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
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Priority claimed from PCT/IB2017/055019 external-priority patent/WO2018033886A1/en
Publication of HRP20220391T1 publication Critical patent/HRP20220391T1/hr

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Claims (19)

1. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) za proizvodnju plina, tekućine ili čvrste materije korištenjem koncentriranog elektromagnetnog zračenja, pri čemu navedeni uređaj sadrži: • fotonaponski uređaj (PV) koji sadrži jedan ili više spojeva i konfiguriran da generira nosioce elektrolize iz koncentriranog elektromagnetnog zračenja; i • elektrokemijski uređaj (EC) konfiguriran da izvrši elektrolizu reaktanta; pri čemu fotonaponski uređaj (PV) ostvaruje kontakt sa elektrokemijskim uređajem (EC) na čvrstom sučelju da bi se formirao integrirani fotoelektrokemijski uređaj; i dalje uključuje najmanje jedan kanal (5) za reaktant ili više kanala (5) za reaktant koji se fluidno protežu između fotonaponskog uređaja (PV) i elektrokemijskog uređaja (EC) da bi prenosili toplinsku energiju i reaktant od fotonaponskog uređaja (PV) do elektrokemijskog uređaja (EC), naznačen time da fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) dalje uključuje mehanički ili elektronski prekidač konfiguriran da spriječi protok nosioca elektrolize od fotonaponskog uređaja (PV) do elektrokemijskog uređaja (EC), pri čemu je protok nosioca elektrolize za elektrolizu reaktanta ili elektrokemijsku reakciju u elektrokemijskom uređaju (EC).
2. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema prethodnom patentnom zahtjevu, pri čemu se najmanje jedan kanal (5) za reaktant ili više kanala (5) za reaktant nalaze na vrhu ili ispod ili oko fotonaponskog uređaja i djeluju kao antirefleksni sloj, kada se nalaze na vrhu, za upadno koncentrirano elektromagnetno zračenje.
3. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema prethodnom patentnom zahtjevu, koji dalje uključuje jedan ulaz za reaktant ili najmanje dva ulaza za reaktant i više kanala za reaktant u fluidnoj vezi sa jednim ulazom za reaktant ili najmanje dva ulaza za reaktant kako bi se omogućio širok opseg stopa protoka reaktanta u uređaju, i dalje uključuje jedan izlaz za reaktant ili najmanje dva izlaza za reaktant kako bi se omogućio širok opseg stopa protoka plina.
4. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, pri čemu i fotonaponski uređaj i elektrokemijski uređaj definiraju čvrstu ravnu strukturu, i vanjska čvrsta ravnina fotonaponskog uređaja je povezana sa vanjskom čvrstom ravninom elektrokemijskog uređaja, i pri čemu odnos (i) elektrokemijski aktivne ravne regije definirane elektrokemijskim uređajem prema (ii) fotoaktivnoj ravnoj regiji definiranoj fotonaponskim uređajem (Aec/Apv) ima vrijednost u opsegu od 0,01 do 13 da bi se optimizirano rad uređaja za radnu koncentraciju (C) elektromagnetnog zračenja koja ima vrijednost u opsegu od C=1 do 1200, pri čemu je radna koncentracija (C) elektromagnetnog zračenja definirana kao odnos ulaza snage elektromagnetnog zračenja na površinu koncentratora sustava (25) koncentratora elektromagnetnog zračenja konfiguriranog da fokusira ili koncentrira elektromagnetno zračenje na fotoelektrokemijskom uređaju (1), prema snazi elektromagnetnog zračenja primljenoj na površinu fotonaponskog uređaja (PV).
5. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, uključujući montažnu ploču (39) kanala za hlađenje, anodnu protočnu ploču (27) i katodnu protočnu ploču (29), i pri čemu fotonaponski uređaj (PV) uključuje X broj kanala (5), i elektrokemijski uređaj (EC) uključuje NX broj kanala (5), pri čemu je N pozitivan realni broj, a X cijeli broj različit od nule.
6. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu elektrokemijski uređaj (EC) uključuje čvrsti elektrolit ili membranu (21) ili sklop (MEA) membranske elektrode, koji je sačinjen od membrane (21) obložene anodom (17) katalizatora i katodom (19), postavljene između slojeva za difuziju plina i protočnih ploča anodne protočne ploče (27) i katodne protočne ploče (29).
7. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema prethodnim patentnim zahtjevima, pri čemu je prekidač konfiguriran da spriječi protok nosioca elektrolize od fotonaponskog uređaja (PV) do katodnog katalizatora (19).
8. Fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, pri čemu uređaj (1) sadrži n-p-anodno-katodnu konfiguraciju ili p-n-katodno-anodnu konfiguraciju i najmanje jedan kanal (5) je fluidno u kontaktu sa n-stranom ili p-stranom, redom, fotonaponskog uređaja (PV) i fluidno se proteže do anodne komore (23) koja se nalazi između p-strane ili n-strane, redom, fotonaponskog uređaja (PV) i anode elektrokemijskog uređaja (EC).
9. Fotoelektrokemijski sustav (S1) koji obuhvaća fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema bilo kojem prethodnom patentnom zahtjevu i sustav (25) koncentratora elektromagnetnog zračenja koji je konfiguriran da fokusira ili koncentrira elektromagnetno zračenje na fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1).
10. Fotoelektrokemijski sustav (S1) prema prethodnom patentnom zahtjevu, pri čemu sustav (25) koncentratora elektromagnetnog zračenja obuhvaća najmanje jedan parabolični kolektor u obliku tanjura, najmanje jedan Fresnelov reflektor, najmanje jednu Fresnelovu leću, najmanje jedan parabolični koritasti kolektor, ili kolektor - solarni toranj ili bilo koju kombinaciju ovih.
11. Fotoelektrokemijski sustav (S1) prema prethodnim patentnim zahtjevima 9 ili 10, pri čemu sustav (25) koncentratora elektromagnetnog zračenja dalje obuhvaća homogenizator fluksa koji je izrađen ili je sačinjen od kombinacije optičkih leća ili složenih optičkih zrcala za homogenizaciju fluksa koji pada na uređaj (1).
12. Fotoelektrokemijski sustav (S1) prema prethodnom patentnom zahtjevu 9 ili 10, koji dalje obuhvaća sustav za samopraćenje konfiguriran da odredi promijene u intenzitetu koncentriranog upadnog zračenja na fotoelektrokemijskom uređaju (1) i da pomakne najmanje jedan element sustava (25) koncentratora da bi optimizirao ili povećao intenzitet koncentriranog upadnog zračenja na fotoelektrokemijskom uređaju (1).
13. Sustav koji obuhvaća fotoelektrokemijski uređaj (1) prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva 9 do 12 i kontrolnu jedinicu (41) konfiguriranu da odredi, modificira i podesi optimiziranu brzinu ili stopu protoka mase reaktanta u najmanje jednom kanalu (5) za reaktant fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1) na osnovu izmjerenih vrijednosti parametara rada fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja.
14. Sustav prema patentnom zahtjevu 13, pri čemu je kontrolna jedinica (41) dalje konfigurirana da: (i) odredi da li će vrijednost brzine ili stope protoka mase reaktanta u uređaju (1) biti podešena na osnovu izmjerene vrijednosti koncentracije upadnog elektromagnetnog zračenja, izmjerenog radnog napona (Vop) fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1), izmjerene radne struje (Iop) fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1) i određene radne vrijednosti točke (MPP) maksimalne snage fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1); i (ii) da generira signal koji ukazuje da treba da se izvrši promjena brzine ili stope protoka mase, gdje je točka (MPP) maksimalne snage točka na krivoj strujno-naponskoj karakteristici fotonaponskog uređaja koja ima najveću vrijednost za proizvod njegove odgovarajuće struje i napona.
15. Sustav prema patentnom zahtjevu 13, pri čemu je kontrolna jedinica (41) dalje konfigurirana da: (i) odredi da li će vrijednost brzine ili stope protoka mase reaktanta u uređaju (1) biti podešena na osnovu izmjerene vrijednosti koncentracije upadnog elektromagnetnog zračenja, izmjerenog radnog napona (Vop) fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1), izmjerene radne struje (Iop) fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1), trenutne vrijednosti za vrijednost brzine ili stope protoka mase, utvrđene radne vrijednosti točke (MPP) maksimalne snage fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1) i mapiranih podataka radnih točaka uređaja za opseg ulaznog zračenja i stopa protoka mase reaktanta; i (ii) da generira signal koji ukazuje da treba da se izvrši promjena brzine ili stope protoka mase, pri čemu je točka (MPP) maksimalne snage točka na krivoj strujno-naponskoj karakteristici fotonaponskog uređaja koja ima najveću vrijednost za proizvod njegove odgovarajuće struje i napona.
16. Sustav prema patentnom zahtjevu 13, pri čemu je kontrolna jedinica (41) dalje konfigurirana da: (i) odredi da li će vrijednost brzine ili stope protoka mase reaktanta u uređaju (1) biti podešena na osnovu izmjerenog radnog napona (Vop) i utvrđene vrijednosti radnog napona u točki (IMAX) maksimalne struje fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1); i (ii) da generira signal koji ukazuje na to da treba izvršiti promjenu brzine ili stope protoka mase, gdje je točka (IMAX) maksimalne struje točka u kojoj je radna struja, koja je struja koja teče kroz elektrokemijski uređaj (EC), najveća za različite stope protoka mase reaktanta.
17. Sustav prema patentnom zahtjevu 16, pri čemu je kontrolna jedinica (41) dalje konfigurirana da: (i) odredi da li će vrijednost brzine ili stope protoka mase reaktanta u uređaju (1) biti podešena na osnovu izmjerenog radnog napona (Vop), utvrđene vrijednosti radnog napona u točki (IMAX) maksimalne struje fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1), trenutne vrijednosti za vrijednost brzine ili stope protoka mase, izmjerene vrijednosti koncentracije upadnog elektromagnetnog zračenja i mapiranih podataka radnih točaka uređaja za opseg ulaznog zračenja i stopa protoka mase reaktanta; i (ii) da generira signal koji ukazuje na to da je potrebno da se izvrši promjena brzine ili stope protoka mase, gdje je točka (IMAX) maksimalne struje točka u kojoj je radna struja, koja je struja koja teče kroz elektrokemijski uređaj (EC), najveća za različite stope protoka mase reaktanta.
18. Sustav prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 13 do 17, pri čemu kontrolna jedinica (41) uključuje voltmetar (43), ampermetar ili mjerač (45) protoka mase proizvoda, piranometar ili pirheliometar (49), kalkulator (48) konfiguriran za određivanje vrijednosti točke (MPP) maksimalne snage ili vrijednosti radnog napona u točki (IMAX) maksimalne struje, proporcionalno-integralno-derivativni regulator (47) i regulator stope protoka i mjerač (51) ) ili bilo koju kombinaciju ovih.
19. Sustav prema patentnom zahtjevu 13, pri čemu je kontrolna jedinica (41) konfigurirana da upravlja fotoelektrokemijskim uređajem (1) na vrijednosti točke (MPP) maksimalne snage fotoelektrokemijskog uređaja (1) i konfigurirana da poveća stopu ili brzinu protoka reaktanta tokom vremena za održavanje izlazne proizvodnje uređaja (1) na unaprijed određenoj konstantnoj vrijednosti tokom unaprijed određenog vremenskog trajanja.
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